2023年高考英语全国新课标I卷

2023年高考英语全国新课标I卷

【拓展阅读】独家揭秘！2023英语新课标I卷C篇阅读文本解析

The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.

本书的目标是为（践行）数字极简主义阐明理由，包括详细探讨它所要求的内容和它有效的原因。如果你认为它适合你的话，然后教你如何践行这种哲学。

To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.

为此，我将书分为两部分。在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，从调查使越来越多人的数字生活变得难以忍受的力量开始，然后详细讨论数字极简主义哲学。

Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.

第一部分以我对采用这种哲学建议的方法结尾：数字清理器。这个过程要求你暂时离开可选的在线活动30天。30天后，你将加回一些你精心挑选的，对你重视的东西有巨大好处的在线活动。

In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.

在第一部分的最后一章中，我会指导你进行自己的数字减法。在此过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一个实验。在那次实验中，1600多人同意进行数字减法。你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们所遇到的陷阱，你应该避免。

The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances

本书的第二部分更深入地探讨了一些想法，这些想法将帮助你培养可持续的数字极简主义生活方式。在这些章节中，我探讨了一些问题，如独处的重要性和培养高品质的休闲时间来代替大多数人现在花费在漫无目的地使用设备上的时间的必要性。每章的结尾都附有一系列做法，旨在帮助你依据本章的重要思想行事。你可以把这些做法视为一种工具箱，以帮助你在自己特定的情况下构建适合自己的极简主义生活方式。

【长难句分析】

1. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.

本句主句为“I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism”，“starting with ...”为分词结构做状语，其中包含一个“that”引导的定语从句修饰forces；“before moving on to ...”为介词短语做状语。

2. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.

“at the end of the thirty days”为介词短语作时间状语，“you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities”为本句主干部分，“that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things”为定语从句修饰activities，“you value”为省略引导词的定语从句，修饰the things。

3. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.

本句主干为“You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn ... and ...”，其中“what strategies worked well for them”和“what traps they encountered”为宾语从句，并列作learn的宾语；“that you should avoid”为that引导的定语从句，修饰traps。

4. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use.

“In these chapters”为介词短语作地点状语，本句主干为“I examine issues”，“to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use”为动词不定式做目的状语；其中“most now spend on mindless device use”为省略引导词的定语从句，修饰time。

【词汇积累】

1. make the case for  为……阐明理由

2. minimalism  n. 极简主义

3. exploration  n. 探讨；探索

4. philosophical  adj. 哲学的

5. examination  n. 调查；审查

6. intolerable  adj. 无法忍受的；不能容忍的

7. move on to  开始做（别的事）；换话题

8. declutter  v. 清除；清理

9. step away from  远离

10. carry out  进行；实施；执行

11. draw on (sth)  凭借；利用；动用

12. encounter  v. 遭遇，遇到（尤指令人不快或困难的事）

13. take a closer look at  更仔细地看

14. sustainable  adj. 可持续的

15. act on / upon sth  根据……行事

16. view ... as ...  将……视作

【拓展阅读】独家揭秘！2023英语新课标I卷D篇阅读文本解析

On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.

1907年3月7日，英国统计学家弗朗西斯·高尔顿发表了一篇论文，展示了所谓的“群众的智慧”效应。他进行的估算实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估计的平均值可能相当准确。

This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If, for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.

当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的，这是这种效应的基础。有些人倾向于高估，有些人倾向于低估。当足够多的这些误差被平均在一起时，它们就会相互抵消，从而得到更准确的估计。如果人们相似且往往犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误就不会相互抵消。用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果出于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性将会降低。

But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.

然而，由华金·纳瓦加斯领导的一项新研究为这一经典现象带来了一个新角度。该研究的关键发现是，当人群进一步分成允许讨论的较小的组时，这些组的平均值比同样数量的独立个体更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比来自20个独立个体的平均值更准确。

In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.

在一项涉及100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。他们是否倾向于跟随那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们是否跟随那些最不愿改变自己想法的人？这种情况有时会发生，但并不是主要的反应。最常见的是，这些小组报告说他们“分享论点，一起推理”。不知何故，这些论点和推理降低了全局误差。

Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.

尽管纳瓦加斯领导的研究存在局限性，并且仍有许多问题有待解决，但对于群体讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。

【长难句分析】

The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.

本句主句为“The key finding of the study was that ...”，“that”引导表语从句；在表语从句中，“when crowds were further divided into smaller groups ...”引导条件状语从句，其中“that were allowed to have a discussion”为定语从句，修饰groups；主句为“the averages from these groups were more accurate than ...”，其中包含一个比较级，将四个五人讨论组获得的平均值与20个独立个体的平均值相比较。

【词汇积累】

1. illustrate  v. 说明；阐明

2. estimation  n. 估算；判断

3. capitalize on ...  充分利用；从……中获得更多的好处

4. overestimate  v. 高估

5. underestimate  v. 低估

6. term  n. 词语；术语

7. obtain  v. （尤指经努力）获得

8. dominant  adj. 占支配地位的；占优势的；显著的

9. reduction  n. 减少；缩小；降低

10. limitation  n. 限制；控制

11. implication  n. 可能的影响（或作用、结果）

12. enormous  adj. 巨大的；庞大的；极大的