高考英语全国卷中出现的熟词生义

    英语中一词多义的现象普遍存在，阅读中常会遇到熟悉单词的不熟悉的意思，甚至与词典中能查到的意思也不相同，这就是常说的“熟词生义”现象。遇到这种情况，我们要善于结合上下文，在具体的语境中理解其特殊的含义。
我们整理了近三年高考英语全国卷真题中出现的“熟词生义”，供考生参考。考生熟读和背诵下面词汇，定能大大提升词汇素养。                                                                                                                                         

熟词	熟义	生义	出现生义的真题例句
shot	n. 射击；开枪	n. 少量烈酒	(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷) Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke.
score	n. 得分 v. 得(分)	n. 乐谱	His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.
		v. 获得；得到	(2021年全国甲卷) It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
stand	v. 站立	n. 架；座	(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷) I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand.
note	n. 笔记；记录	n. 音符	(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷) He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: “Turn, turn!”
		vt. 指出	(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷) As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight.
house	n. 房屋；住宅	vt. 给……提供住处	(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷) Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
passage	n. 段落	n. (法案的)通过	(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷) In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的)…
makeup	n. 组成成分	n. 天性；性格	(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷) Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test…
work	v.&n. 工作	vi. 运转；运行	(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷) I’d see how a factory worked.
		vi. 奏效；起作用	(2021年全国乙卷) But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
		n. 著作；作品	(2020年全国Ⅰ卷) The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.
register	vt. 登记；注册	n. 状态
strike	v.&n. 罢工；袭击；打	v. 达成；制定(协议)	(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷) …some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
		v.给(某人以……)印象	(2021年全国乙卷) His comment struck me as strange.
plant	n. 植物 vt. 种植	n. 工厂	(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷) It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break.
break	vt. 打破；弄坏	n. 休息
spring	n. 春天	n. 泉	(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷) The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.
must	aux v. 必须；应该	n. 必须做的事	(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷) While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!
entry	n. 进入；加入	n. 参赛作品	(2021年全国甲卷) Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape (风景).
			(2020年新高考Ⅰ卷) Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
rise	vi. 上升；起立；上涨	n. 小丘；小山	(2021年全国甲卷) I climbed to the top of a small rise and realized that the mist was little more than a few feet deep.
translate	v. 翻译	v. 转变；转换	(2021年全国甲卷) I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black-and-white image (图像).
head	n. 头；顶部	n. 负责人；主管人	(2021年全国甲卷) Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family.”
open	adj. 开放的；公开的 v. 开；开始	n. 户外；野外	(2021年全国甲卷) It’s still a little too cold for them (calves) to go out into the open…
gray	adj. 灰色的	adj. 昏暗的；阴沉的	(2021年全国甲卷) When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning.
class	n. 班；班级	n. 阶级；社会等级	(2021年全国甲卷) And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.
pour	v. 倾倒；倒出	v. 涌进；涌出	(2021年全国乙卷) People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
inform	vt. 通知	vt. 对……有影响	(2021年全国乙卷) …the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.
weight	n. 重量；体重	n. 负担；重压	(2021年全国乙卷) He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most.
given	prep. 考虑到；鉴于	n. 肯定的事实	(2021年全国乙卷) I take that as a given. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday. (take…as a given 认为……理所当然)
set	v. 安置；放置	v. 做头发
home	n. 家；家乡	n. 栖息地；产地	(2020年新高考Ⅰ卷) His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
		n. 发源地	(2020年全国Ⅱ卷) Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home, take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum.
mention	vt.&n. 提及；说起	n. 提名；推荐	(2020年新高考Ⅰ卷) 50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
bear	n. 熊 vt. 忍受；容忍	vt. 开(花)；结(果实)	(2020年新高考Ⅰ卷) That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.
		vt. 携带	(2018年全国Ⅲ卷) He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.
air	n. 空气	v. 播放；广播	(2020年新高考Ⅱ卷) …kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp.
chest	n. 胸部；胸膛	n. 箱子；盒子	(2020年新高考Ⅱ卷)Then one Christmas I received a surprise gift — a large, beautifully made wooden chest.
welcome	vt.&n. 欢迎；迎接 adj. 受欢迎的	adj. 令人愉悦的	(2020年全国Ⅰ卷) There’s a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship.
account	n. 账户；账目	n. 叙述；描写	(2020年全国Ⅰ卷) It’s a brief account of a trip.
pound	n. 磅；英镑	v. 连续重击；猛打	(2020年全国Ⅰ卷) However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr Norberg says.
create	vt. 创造；创作	vt. 引起；产生	(2020年全国Ⅰ卷) …while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
history	n. 历史	n. 个人经历；履历	(2020年全国Ⅰ卷) But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.
experience	n.&vt. 经历；经验；体验	vt. 遭受；经受	(2020年全国Ⅰ卷) A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.
develop	v. 发展	vt. 开发；研制	(2020年全国Ⅰ卷) In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime.
beat	vt. 击败；打败	vt. 搅拌；搅打	(2020年全国Ⅰ卷) Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopsticks.
frequent	adj. 频繁的；时常发生的	vt. 常去；常到(某处)	(2020年全国Ⅱ卷) Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
fair	adj. 公平的；合理的	n. 商品交易会；展销会	(2020年全国Ⅱ卷) Sponsor book fairs.
original	adj. 原先的；最初的	n. 原作；原稿	(2020年全国Ⅱ卷) The family called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.
promise	n.&v. 承诺；保证	n. 迹象；吉兆	(2020年全国Ⅱ卷) They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
hot	adj. 热的；炎热的	adj. 走红的；受欢迎的	(2020年全国Ⅲ卷) In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately.
float	v. 漂浮；飘动	v. 提出(想法或计划)	(2020年全国Ⅲ卷) “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead.
big	adj. 大的	adj. 重大的；重要的	(2020年全国Ⅲ卷) Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
throw	vt. 扔；抛	vt. 举办(派对)	(2020年全国Ⅲ卷) The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party.
difficult	adj. 困难的	adj. 难以取悦的	(2020年全国Ⅲ卷) If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband.”
row	n. 一排；一列	n. 争吵；吵架
scene	n. 景色；景象	n. 场面；情景	(2020年全国Ⅲ卷) If you do, you won’t be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone’s day.
trip	n. 旅游；旅行	v. 绊倒；结巴	(2019年全国Ⅰ卷) “I’m here to tell you today why you should…should…” Chris trips on the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.
get around	传播；流传；四处走动	克服(困难或问题)	(2019年全国Ⅰ卷) Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard.
mean	v. 意味着；打算	adj. 不善良的；刻薄的	(2019年全国Ⅰ卷) Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.
tap	n.&v. 轻拍；轻敲	v. 利用；发掘	(2019年全国Ⅰ卷) The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
employ	vt. 雇用	vt. 应用；运用
read	v. 阅读	n. 好的(或有意思等的)读物	(2019年全国Ⅱ卷) Here she picks her top reads.
appreciation	n. 欣赏；感激	n. 理解；认识	(2019年全国Ⅱ卷) I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.
goal	n. 目标；目的	n. 射门；进球得分	(2019年全国Ⅱ卷) Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
season	n. 季节	n. 赛季	(2019年全国Ⅱ卷) The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.
couple	n. 一对夫妇	v. 结合；连接	(2019年全国Ⅱ卷) That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: …
escape	v.&n. 逃跑；逃走	n. 解脱；消遣	(2019年全国Ⅱ卷) A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.
present	v. 赠送；呈献	v. 上演；演出	(2019年全国Ⅲ卷) Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami (折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.
creative	adj. 创造(性)的	n. 创意；创作素材	(2019年全国Ⅲ卷) For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
fuel	n. 燃料	vt. 加强；刺激	(2019年全国Ⅲ卷) …how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.
record	n.&v. 记录	adj. 创纪录的	(2019年全国Ⅲ卷) The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
value	n. 价值	n. 值；数值	(2019年全国Ⅲ卷) After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time.
attack	v.&n. 袭击；攻击	v. 抨击；责骂	(2019年全国Ⅲ卷) When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.