21-23阅读C篇真题汇总

目录

一、 真题
1. 2024.1浙江C篇
2. 2023.6新高考1卷C篇
3. 2023.6新高考2卷C篇
4. 2023.6全国甲卷C篇
5. 2023.6全国乙卷C篇
6. 2023.1浙江C篇
7. 2022.6新高考1卷C篇
8. 2022.6新高考2卷C篇
9. 2022.6全国甲卷C篇
10. 2022.6全国乙卷C篇
11. 2022.6浙江C篇
12. 2022.1浙江C篇
13. 2021.6新高考1卷C篇
14. 2021.6新高考2卷C篇
15. 2021.6全国甲卷C篇
16. 2021.6全国乙卷C篇
17. 2021.6浙江C篇
18. 2021.1浙江C篇
二、 答案与解析
1. 2024.1浙江C篇 答案与解析
2. 2023.6新高考1卷C篇 答案与解析
3. 2023.6新高考2卷C篇 答案与解析
4. 2023.6全国甲卷C篇 答案与解析
5. 2023.6全国乙卷C篇 答案与解析
6. 2023.1浙江C篇 答案与解析
7. 2022.6新高考1卷C篇 答案与解析
8. 2022.6新高考2卷C篇 答案与解析
9. 2022.6全国甲卷C篇 答案与解析
10. 2022.6全国乙卷C篇 答案与解析
11. 2022.6浙江C篇 答案与解析
12. 2022.1浙江C篇 答案与解析
13. 2021.6新高考1卷C篇 答案与解析
14. 2021.6新高考2卷C篇 答案与解析
15. 2021.6全国甲卷C篇 答案与解析
16. 2021.6全国乙卷C篇 答案与解析
17. 2021.6浙江C篇 答案与解析
18. 2021.1浙江C篇 答案与解析
一、

一、真题1. 2024.1浙江C篇On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (花暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be cousing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
28.What does the project aim to do?
A.Conserve moisture in the soil. B.Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D.Investigate chemical use in farming.
29.Who are opposed to the project?
A.Farmers in east-central Alberta. B.Managers of insurance companies.
C.Provincial government officials. D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton
30.Why does Dr. Dos well mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999?
A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D.To show the link between storms and moisture.
31.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
2. 2023.6新高考1卷C篇The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
8. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
9. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?
A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
3. 2023.6新高考2卷C篇Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
8. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
9. What are the selected artworks about?
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform.
11. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
4. 2023.6全国甲卷C篇I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Caarder's Sophie's World.It was full of ideas that were new to me,so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book.It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college.Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault,Baudrillard,or Confucius better than you一and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner's The Socrates Express:In search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy.It is not an explanation,but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context (背景)of one thing they can help us do better.The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates,see like Thoreau,listen like Schopenhauer,and have no regrets like Nietzsche.This,more than a book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences,and he does so with plenty of humor.Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history,and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读)their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun,sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire,loneliness,and aging.The invitation is clear:Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book.I encourage you to take his offer.It's worth your time,even if time is something we don't have a lot of.
28.Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?
A.Foucault. B.Eric Weiner. C.Jostein Caarder. D.A college teacher.
29.Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?
A.To compare Weiner with them. B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills. D.To help readers understand Weiner's book.
30.What does the author like about The Socrates Express?
A.Its views on history are well-presented. B.Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C.It includes comments from readers. D.It leaves an open ending.
31.What does the author think of Weiner's book?
A.Objective and plain. B.Daring and ambitious.
C.Serious and hard to follow. D.Humorous and straightforward.
5. 2023.6全国乙卷C篇What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
28. What do people usually think of British food?
A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition.
C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation.
29. Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV?
A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential.
30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
31. What might the author continue talking about?
A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters.
6. 2023.1浙江C篇A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate.Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco,a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel's former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.  Such wrinkles  will  no  doubt  be  ironed  out,yet  they  also  point  to  a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it:“There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.  Humans,  in  thinking,  talking, reading  and writing,also work with  symbols.But  for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may  seem,  the  tradition  that began  with  Socrates  and  Confucius  will  not  end  with  artificial intelligence.
28.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A. To explain the use of a software program.
B. To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C.  To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
29. What does the underlined word“wrinkles”in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Arguments.          B.Doubts.          C.Errors.            D.Differences.
30.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?
A. Create rules.                     B. Comprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently                   D. Identify difficult words.
31. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
7. 2022.6新高考1卷C篇The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
28.What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
29.How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
30.What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
31.What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
8. 2022.6新高考2卷C篇Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary. C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-
9. 2022.6全国甲卷C篇As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins（企鹅）longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career（职业）as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
28. Which of the following best explains "take the plunge" underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.         B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories.       D. Stick to a promise.
29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A. Lovely penguins.           B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare.            D. A friend's invitation.
30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A. It could be a home for her.          B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved.         D. It needs to be fully introduced.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. A childhood dream.                      B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world.                  D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
10. 2022.6全国乙卷C篇Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
10. What function is expected of the rail drones?
A To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
11. 2022.6浙江C篇Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
7. What does Ellen Langer’s study show?
A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist
B. Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C. Simpler jobs require greater caution.
D. Moderate effort produces the best result.
8. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.
A. is good at handling pressure B. works hard to become successful
C. a has a natural talent for his job. D. gets on well with his co-workers
9. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
10. What does the text seem to advocate?
A. Middle-of-the-road work habits. B. Balance between work and family.
C. Long-standing cultural traditions. D. Harmony in the work environment.
12. 2022.1浙江C篇The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(失智症）in later life, and is they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said: "These findings are exciting because it's possible that improving people's cardiovascular(心血管的）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.” For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak(最大值的）cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined
as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood
pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time,44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
“However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.” She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
27. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. Positive effects of doing exercises. B. Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C. Experimental studies on diseases. D. Advantages of sporty woman over man
28. Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise?
A. To predict their maximum heart rate. B. To assess their cardiovascular capacity
C. To change their habits of working out D. To detect their potential health problems
29. What do we know about Dr.Horder's study?
A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia. B. Data collection was a lengthy process.
C. Some participants withdrew from it. D. The results were far from satisfactory.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
13. 2021.6新高考1卷C篇When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徒的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System-a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934. Better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands.       B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers.       D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.       B. Export.       C. Destroy.       D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down.       B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting.       D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story.       B. The National Wildlife Refuge System.
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl       D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
14. 2021.6新高考2卷C篇A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution （变革）. “We are going to make a change，＂she said.＂I＇ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools."
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
28.What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?
A. Make a movie.        B.Build new schools.
C.Run a project.        D. Help local musicians.
29.What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?
A. It is particularly difficult.      B. It increases artists' income.
C. It opens children's mind.       D.It deserves greater attention.
30.What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?
A. Moral principles.       B. Interpersonal skills.
C.Creative abilities.       D.Positive worldviews.
31.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A.Bring Artists to Schools      B.When Historians Meet Artists
C.Arts Education in Britain     D.The World's Best Arts Teacher
15. 2021.6全国甲卷C篇When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at He a throw , London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
South bank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello.
It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting:“Safe! Safe! Safe!”And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to South bank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear；tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving(穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded(滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances.“I was a local here 20 years ago,”I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head.“Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah.”I said.“Safe.”
8.What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A.He felt disappointed. B.He gave up his hobby.
C.He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
9.What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!”probably mean?
A.Be careful!    B.Well done!    C.No way!     D.Don't worry!
10.Why did the author like to spend time in South bank when he returned to London?
A.To join the skateboarding. B.To make new friends.
C.To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days.
11.What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A.Children should learn a second language.
B. Sport is necessary for children's health.
C.Children need a sense of belonging.
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
16. 2021.6全国乙卷C篇You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called“Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源)of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒)from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing C Refreshing D. Challenging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
17. 2021.6浙江C篇If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images（图像）of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the doge simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.”
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions," Muller told Line Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
28. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes                  B. make sense of human faces
C. feel happy or angry                 D. communicate with each other
29. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?
A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.
B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C. Pictures used in the two stages were different
D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.
30. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. A suggestion for future studies.        B. A possible reason for the study findings.
C. A major limitation of the study         D. An explanation of the research method.
18. 2021.1浙江C篇Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩）use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of
intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
＂That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respect. ”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures,Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signalling:"Climb on me." The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother's back and they travel off together."The big message from this study is that there is another species(物种） out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing".
＂The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate,or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said. "Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "
27. What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A. Memorizing specific words.
B. Understanding complex information.
C. Using voices to communicate.
D. Communicating messages on purpose.
28. What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A. It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B. It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
29. What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A. Difference. B. Conflict. C. Balance. D. Connection.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B.Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D.Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated


二、答案与解析1. 2024.1浙江C篇 答案与解析【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。
28.答案：B
命题透析：细节理解题。
思路点拨：根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B。
29.答案：A
命题透析：细节理解题。
思路点拨：根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A。
30.答案：C
命题透析：推理判断题。
思路点拨：根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.””可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C。
31.答案：D
命题透析：推理判断题。
思路点拨：根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D。
2. 2023.6新高考1卷C篇 答案与解析【答案】8. B    9. A    10. C    11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
3. 2023.6新高考2卷C篇 答案与解析【答案】8. B    9. C    10. A    11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. (Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
4. 2023.6全国甲卷C篇 答案与解析C篇是一篇书评，作者通过自身的阅读体验向读者推荐Eric Weiner的《The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers》一书。此书不仅让作者重新燃起了对哲学的热爱，同时也让作者以一种愉快、直接的方式理解哲学并将其应用到日常生活中。
【答案】8-11 CDBD
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. (我大约13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本乔斯坦·加德尔的《苏菲的世界》)”可知，是乔斯坦·加德尔为作者打开了哲学的大门。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。在第四段，作者列出了一系列伟大的哲学家，并阐述了他们的作品如何帮助我们做得更好，这是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书是如何通过使用哲学来改善生活的。因此，选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。文章中提到，“这本书的最终结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底那样去思考，像梭罗那样去观察，像叔本华那样去倾听，像尼采那样无悔。”这本书的理念可以应用到日常生活中。因此选B。
【11题详解】
情感态度题。根据文章最后一段“he does so with plenty of humor. (他以足够的幽默感去做这件事)”，可推断出作者认为Weiner的书充满了幽默感。再根据第五段“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity”，作者对Weiner的书有直接且积极的评价。所以选D。
5. 2023.6全国乙卷C篇 答案与解析【答案】8. A    9. D    10. D    11. B
【解析】
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting?”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。
6. 2023.1浙江C篇 答案与解析【答案】28.B 29.C30.B3 1.A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater 的软件程序。
【28 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel's former national debating champion.(上周,在F金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为 Project Debater 的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军 Noa Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到 Noa Ovadia 的目的是展示 Project Debater 的聪明。故选 B。
【29 题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can ead to the kinds of errors no human would make,(尽管 Project Debater 很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词 wrinkles 的意思是“错误”，和 errors 意思相近，故选C。
【30 题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning,and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But i does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.(Hammond 所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说。意义是无关紧要的。)”可知，根据 Hammond 的说法，Project Debater 不能理解意义，故选 B。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅有在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。
7. 2022.6新高考1卷C篇 答案与解析【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。
8. 2022.6新高考2卷C篇 答案与解析【答案】8. A    9. B    10. D    11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。
10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because people are driving more.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。
9. 2022.6全国甲卷C篇 答案与解析【答案】8. A    9. C    10. C    11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船只)”可知，是一张折扣票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.(意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71 has had a deep love for travel.(今年71岁的吉妮从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。由此可知，A childhood dream.(童年的梦想)能够概括文章主旨。故选A。
10. 2022.6全国乙卷C篇 答案与解析【答案】8. A    9. C    10. A    11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可知使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
【10题详解】
理解具体信息。题干问的是期待铁路无人机有什么样的功能。根据文章最后一段最后一句"With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time"(因为能提前看到,无人机可以感知到任何问题,这样快速前进的列车就可以及时作出反应)可知,期待铁路无人机具有的功能是提前发现问题,并给列车发出警告。故A项正确。干扰项分析:B 项"使火车自动运行"是偷换概念,原文最后一段中的"programmed to run autonomously"指的是无人机可以自动运行,而不是火车;C项"为机组人员挣得利润"和D项"加快交通运输"是无中生有,文章没有提及。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
11. 2022.6浙江C篇 答案与解析【答案】7. D    8. B    9. C    10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all.(在哈佛大学Ellen Langer领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)”可知，第一段提出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，Ellen Langer的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。故选D。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity.(此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。)”可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关，尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选A。
12. 2022.1浙江C篇 答案与解析27. A
解析：推理判断题。此题只要正确理解第一句话即可，第一句话可译为：经常锻炼的益处广为记载，但有一个新的益处将被加在这个“ever-growing list”上。那这个list上记的自然就是“the benefits of regular exercise”，对应选项A。如果出错的话可能是bonus（奖金，额外奖励）理解有偏差。
28. B
解析：细节分析题，问研究人员要求被试女性做自行车锻炼的目的。根据第三段：“to measure their peak cardiovascular capacity”我们便可以得出是研究人员想测试心血管能力。
29. B
解析：推理判断题。A：原文没有提到失智症的治疗方法，故排除该选项。C：有些参加者退出实验，原文没有提到，故排除该选项。D：实验结果远不尽人意。此选项为易错选项，原文的确提到此研究尚不完善，但同时也是取得了一定的成果，故该选项中的“far from satisfactory”言之过重。B：数据收集是一个漫长的过程。原文提到该实验数据收集超过40年，可支持此选项，故选B。
30.C
解析：主旨大意题。此文章关键词即“middle-aged women”,“exercise”和“dementia”；主旨即中年妇女通过运动可降低换失智症的风险，并通过一系列实验来佐证此结论。由此看A：更多女性正在通过锻炼预防失智症。“正在”时态不对，通篇文章叙述的是过去的研究，没有对现状进行分析。B：中年妇女需要更多地锻炼。该选项没有突出锻炼的目的。D：骑自行车改善女性心血管健康。彻底偏离主题。C：锻炼的女性更不可能换失智症，符合主题，故选C。
13. 2021.6新高考1卷C篇 答案与解析【语篇类型】说明文 【主题语境】人与自然 自然生态
The Federal Duck Stamp美国鸭票：美国联邦的鸭票计划是有史以来美国最成功的国家保护计划之一。该计划启动于1934年，出售美国鸭票的收入用来保护美国数百万英亩沼泽湿地中的水禽。1934年，美国鸭票首先在美国北达科他州成为法定的狩猎资费已付凭证。从此，所有年满16岁的水禽狩猎者必须购买美国鸭票并将其粘贴在美国各州政府颁发的狩猎许可证上。
【文章大意】文章介绍了美国鸭票(The Federal Duck Stamp)产生的背景及其社会
28.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知，数百万英亩的湿地变得干旱，大大减少了水禽的生存栖息地。故可知，栖息地的减少是水禽数量减少的一个原因。B项干扰性较大，但原文说的是were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsman， 故 B 项错误。
29.【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。 根据划线词后的Millions of waterfowl were killed 和 Millions of acres of wetlands were dried 可知，数百万水禽被射杀以及数百万英亩的湿地变干旱，故可推断划线词此处意为“般灭”。
30.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“the Act passed in 1934”定位文章第三段第一句话“In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徒的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.” 1934年，随着《候鸟捕猎邮票法》的通过，越来越受到关注的国家采取了坚定的行动，阻止对候鸟及其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。可推知，这项法案通过后，邮票收入的绝大部分都被用于购买湿地，也就是政府拿到了这笔钱，故选D项
31.【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题，基本上根据选项关键词来确定答案。A“Federal Duck Stamp”B“National Wildlife Refuge System”C“Saving Waterfowl”D“History of Migratory Bird Hunting”,根据原文经常或者反复出现的关键词可以得知，是立法，而法案的主题内容就是发行duck stamp，D项有一定的干扰性，但它只是文章涉及的一个方面，不适合作标题, 所以选A。
14. 2021.6新高考2卷C篇 答案与解析[语篇解读]本文为记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校，以促进学校的艺术教学。。
28. C。间接信息题。根据题干定位到第二段内容，可知伦敦北部中学教师Andria Zafirakou想掀起一场课堂革命，她打算用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，以促进学校的艺术教学。故选C项。
29. A。观点态度题。根据题干定位到第三段内容，理解可知Craig-Martin认为英国学校的艺术教学尤其困难，因为许多学校很难让任何类型的艺术家——无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的电影明星——进入学校，与孩子们一起工作并激励他们，故选A项。
30. C。观点态度题。根据题干定位到文章最后一段It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人）可知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C项。
31. A。标题判断题。文章讲述了AndriaZafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A项。
15. 2021.6全国甲卷C篇 答案与解析8.A细节理解。根据第一段中句子“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.”可知，除了我，家里的每个人都很快就安顿下来了。没有我心爱的海滩和无尽的蓝天，我感到不知所措和格格不入。由此可知，虽然搬到了伦敦，作者感到失望。故选A。
9.B词义猜测题。根据第二段的句子“We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello.”可知，我们说自己的语言。我最喜欢的：安全。安全意味着酷。意思是你好。再根据第二段尾句“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.”可知，这才是最重要的——成为一名优秀的滑冰运动员的着陆技巧。第三段首句“It meant don't worry about it. ”表示“意思是不用担心。”。意即作者着陆技巧完美，干得漂亮，故选B。
10.D推理判断题。根据第五段的描述，作者每次回到伦敦，自己喜欢呆在南岸，源于重温儿时的美好时光——玩滑板。故选D。
11.C推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.”可知，没有自己心爱的海滩和无尽的蓝天，作者感到失望。根据第二段的描述可知，作者与当地伙伴们一道喜爱玩滑板。再根据第五段首句“When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to South bank, spending hours there.”可知，当足总和2004年回到伦敦时，发现自己在南岸漫步，在那里呆了几个小时。由此推断，孩子们需要归属感。故选C。
16. 2021.6全国乙卷C篇 答案与解析28.C 推理判断题  利用第一段信息“You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans…But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference?”作者将一次性吸管和塑料污染联系在一起，然后提到“Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.”所以判断 Benjamin Von Wong的作品是使人们意识到使用吸管也会污染环境。 故选C。
29.A 细节查找题    文中信息“…but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled”提示塑料吸管最近遭到猛烈批评的原因是多数人实际上并不使用吸管，而且这些小而轻的吸管不能被回收，该段最后一句“Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear”进一步解释了吸管不仅完全是在浪费资源和破坏环境而且难以回收。故选A项。
30. B  推理判断题   根据第四段“Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean.”可知艺术家创作意图是提醒人们每60秒钟就有一卡车吸管被倾倒入大海。A选项“令人平静的”，B选项“令人不安，令人震惊的”，C项“令人耳目一新的”，D项“有挑战性的”，故选B。
31. D  主旨大意题  综合本文信息可知，作者是在介绍一位艺术家用他的作品来唤起人们对一次性吸管污染问题的重视。故选D。
17. 2021.6浙江C篇 答案与解析28.B  主旨大意题。根据短文首段的第二句“Dogs may inxdeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study”可知，一项新的研究表明,狗可能真地可以辨别人的表情是高兴还是愤怒，紧接着后文又详细介绍了研究过程和结论，即狗能够识别人的表情，且倒数第二段的“With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human faciall expressions”一句明确给出了结论。故选B项。
29.C  细节理解。根据第二段中的“The researchers then tested the dogs"ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person 's face or images totally different from the ones used in training”可知，研究者给狗展示了与以往训练完全不同的人脸(或图片)的另一部分。故选C项。
30.B  主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“...why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans”可知最后一段解释了为什么看起来狗具备识别人类表情的能力，也就是为什么会有这样的实验研究结论。故选B项。
18. 2021.1浙江C篇 答案与解析[语篇导读]本文讲述了猩猩如何利用手势进行语言沟通的新发现。
27. D。观点态度题。根据题干Dr Hobaiter定位到第二段最后一句Only humans and chimps...had a system ofcommunication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member，可见人类和猩猩的相似之处就是有目的的传递信息进行沟通。故选D项。
28. B。词汇猜测题。根据Dr Shultz定位到第六段... the study was praiseworthy inseeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added,the results were “a little disappointing”可见她认为这项研究是值得称赞的，它尝试丰富我们对人类语言进化的原有知识，但结果还是有点令人失望，故选B项（这是一个很好的尝试，但发现的结果有限）。
29。A。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句及前句可知，目前研究所得的猩猩手势的含义还没有超出其他动物的非声音交流所表达的含义，换句话说需要进一步研究，揭示其存在的不同。故选A项。Conflict冲突；Balance平衡；Connection连接。
30．D。标题判断题。理解可知全文都是围绕着猩猩如何利用手势进行语言沟通来进行阐述，故选D项（黑猩猩交流手势语言）。排除A项（行为研究学有重大突破）、B（猩猩进化出特殊的沟通技巧）和C项（猩猩是动物王国中最聪明的）。