阅读理解题文同义转换词汇

      在阅读理解的某些细节题中，正确选项与原文的大意相同但表达方式不同，即进行了同义转换。这也是高考阅读理解设题的常用手法之一！如2021年全国乙卷第32题，正确选项中用concentrate代替了原文中的focus；2020年全国I卷第33题，正确选项中用lack替代了原文中的be short of (缺乏)。对此，我们归纳了常见的150组同义表达，供考生复习参考。事实上，同义结构放在一块记，有助于扩大词汇量；掌握这些同义表达，对口语、阅读和写作，以及解答其他题，都是非常有益的。因此，此专题是考生拔尖的良师益友！大家万不可错过！

同一意思	多种表达	同一意思	多种表达
充满	be full of, be filled with, be flooded with, be crowded with	少数	a minority of, a small number of
区分	distinguish/tell A from B	打扰	cause trouble to, bother, disturb
亲自	personally, in person	描述	describe, give a description of
只有	only, nobody/nothing but	后来	afterwards, after that, later on
出版	come out, be published	缺席	be absent from, be not present at
尤其	particularly, in particular	目前	nowadays, at present, at the present time
锻炼	exercise, work out	宣布	announce/declare sth, make sth known to the public
谋生	make/earn a living	重要	count, matter, be important, be of importance, significant, vital, crucial
代表	represent, stand for, (be) on behalf of	担心	worry about, be concerned/anxious about
结合	combine, mix sth up	提到	mention, refer to, talk about/of
前进	advance, move forward	偶然地	incidentally, accidentally, by chance/ accident/coincidence, casually, occasionally
舒适	comfortable, at ease	展览着	on show/display/exhibition
十年	decade, ten years	勇敢(去做)	be brave to, have courage to
两周	fortnight, two weeks	违法的	illegal, not legal, against the law
二十	score, twenty	满足需要	cater to/meet/satisfy the need
十二	dozen, twelve	离开，放弃	abandon, go away from, leave , give up
成人	adult, grown-up	信任，信赖	trust, believe, have confidence/faith in
删除	delete, cut out	农村/城市	in the countryside/city, rural/urban areas
下降，减少	decline, come/go down, drop, fall, decrease, reduce	劝某人做	advise sb to do, try to persuade sb to do
移走	remove, take away	劝某人不要做	discourage sb from doing, persuade sb not to do
吸收	absorb, take in	取消	cancel, call off
与……一致	agree/be consistent/correspond with	进入	enter, come/go into
把……分开	break sth apart, split/divide/separate sth	逃跑	escape, run away
用……替换	replace…with, use…as an alternative to…	算出	calculate, figure out
回答	answer, reply to	开始存在	appear, come into being, come into existence
收割	harvest, gather, get in	除……之外	besides, as well as, in addition to, apart from
抵制	boycott, refuse to accept, resist, reject	制定计划	make a plan, work out a plan, draw up a plan
相对立	contradict, be opposite to	与……不同	differ from, be different from, vary from…to…
代替	replace, take the place of	防止疾病	protect…from sickness, avoid/prevent sickness
背诵	recite, learn…by heart	用完某物	run out of sth, lack sth, sth run out, sth be used up
害怕	fear, be afraid/scared of	方式，方法	way, solution, approach, method, means
退(学)	quit, drop out of (school)	情况良好	in a good condition, in a good state/situation
推迟	delay, postpone, put off	置若罔闻	turn a deaf ear to, refuse to listen to
去拿来	fetch, go and bring back	高兴起来	cheer up, become happy
相匹配	match, go with	全世界	all over/around the world, internationally, worldwide, globally
精力充沛	energetic, full of energy	重力	gravity, the pull of the earth
乱七八糟	in a mess, in disorder	怒视	glare at, look at sth angrily
气喘吁吁	breathless, out of breath	平静的	clam, not excited
做出决定	determine, decide, make a decision	抽象的	abstract, not specific
对……有害	do harm to, be harmful to	积极的	active, not passive
相似，相像	resemble, be like, be similar to	残酷地	cruelly, with mercy
低语，耳语	whisper, speak in a low voice	复杂的	complicated, not simple, complex
寻找，追求	seek, look/search/hunt for	人造的	artificial, man-made
茫然，困惑	at a loss, puzzled/confused	故意地	deliberately, on purpose, purposely
取笑，逗弄	tease, make fun of, laugh at, amuse	再一次	again, once more, once again, over and over again
提高，改善	improve, make/become better	独自地	alone, by oneself
庆祝	celebrate, hold a celebration	有危险	in danger, at risk
长胖	put on / gain weight, grow fat	占比例	account for, make up
熟悉	know…well, be familiar with	青少年	adolescent, teenager
处理	handle, settle, deal with, cope with	看医生	go to see / consult a doctor
到处	everywhere, here and there	更喜欢	prefer sth, like sth better
(使)加速	accelerate, speed up, quicken	使生气	annoy sb, make sb angry
值得，应得	deserve sth, be worthy of sth, be worth doing sth	报道此事	cover/report the event
把某物分配给某人	allocate sth to sb, divide sth among sb	很多，很	a lot (of), a great deal (of)
保证，确保	ensure, guarantee, make sure/certain	影响交通	hold up / block the traffic
一年一次的	annual, yearly, every year	澄清，阐明	clarify, make sth clear
可进入/接近的	be accessible, be easy to enter/reach/use	可得到的	be available, be easily got
使能做某事	enable sb to do, make sb able to do	吸引某人	interest/attract/draw sb, appeal to sb, catch sb’s eye/attention
宁做A不做B	do A rather than do B, do A instead of (doing) B	无论如何	anyhow, anyway, in any way
出国	go abroad, go to a foreign country	在……后面	behind, at the back of
控告某人犯有	accuse sb of sth, charge sb with sth	无论什么	whatever, no matter what
成功做某事	manage to do sth, succeed in doing sth	使某人高兴	cheer sb up, make sb happy
突然笑起来	burst into laughter, burst out laughing	雇用某人	employ/hire sb, take sb on
不理，忽视	ignore, overlook, pay no attention to	受欢迎的	be popular, be well received
挨饿，饿死	starve, go hungry, die from hunger	得出结论	conclude, draw a conclusion
充当；起……作用	act as, serve as	弄明白	figure out, find out
榜样	model, example	试验	try out, test
完成，实现	accomplish, get through, succeed in, complete, achieve	想法，设想	theory, idea
反对	be against, oppose, object to, disagree with, disapprove of	做报告	give a presentation/talk/speech
认为	think/believe that, hold the view that, argue/claim that	辍学，退学	drop out of school, leave school
老年人	old people, the old, senior citizens, the aged, the elderly	聪明的	clever, bright, wise, smart
旨在做	aim/be aimed at doing, be designed/intended to do, be meant to do sth
优于，胜过	have the advantage over, have the edge over, be better than
对某人生气	get angry with sb, get cross with sb, be annoyed with sb
有机会使用/做	have access to sth, have the chance of doing sth
对……全然不知	be in the dark about, know nothing about
告诉某人某事	tell sb sth, inform sb of sth, keep sb informed of sth
致力于	apply/bend/commit/devote oneself to, be bent/committed/devoted to
一……就……	on doing, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, as soon as, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when