高分妙招：学好词汇复现，高考英语完形答案一目了然！

【答题技巧】高分妙招：学好词汇复现，高考英语完形答案一目了然！
完形填空中“词汇复现”指某一词汇以原词形式、词形变化、同义词/近义词、反义词等重复出现在语篇之中。这样语篇中的句子就能够相互衔接和连贯，意义表达才能统一完整，这是高考英语完形填空试题中覆盖面非常广和运用较多的一种测试命题手段。下文具体讲解如何使用该方法正确解答完形填空题。
一、利用原词复现关系解题
原词复现是指上下文中的某个句子重复出现了所填词，对所填词所在句起到诠释或照应的作用，这在完形填空中是很常见的。原词复现更多的时候针对名词，以表示地点、物体等的名词为主。有的甚至是两句话相互呼应，互为印证，每句话各设一空。涉及这一类词时一定要联系上下文，找出其复现的句子作为解题依据，千万不要盲目下笔，凭个人经验解题。
【典题示例1】
While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this (searching) process and found something that has changed my (experience) at college for the better: I discovered ASL — American Sign Language (美式手语).
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After that, feeling the need to   52   further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL Club’s meetings.
52. A. exercise    B. explore    C. express    D. explain
【思路点拨】
52. B 此处表示：在此之后，我觉得有必要进一步探索（explore），于是决定参加美式手语俱乐部的一次集会。文章第一段中的“While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.”出现了explore。这样在读懂文章的基础上就能很快选出正确答案。而exercise“锻炼”，express“表达”，explain“解释”，均不符合文意。故选B。
【典题示例2】
At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds. I had a very poor relationship with food: I used it to (kill) bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate. Worried about my health, I tried many different kinds of (diets) but nothing worked. I came to believe that I could do nothing about my   18  .
18. A. height    B. ability    C. wisdom    D. weight
【思路点拨】
18. D 上句说他太胖了，他很担心他的健康，故他尝试了许多不同的节食方法，但都不起作用。因此我们可推知，作者在尝试减肥失败后，对自己的体重（weight）束手无策。文章第一句中的“I weighed 370 pounds”是一个很重要的暗示。而height“身高”，ability“能力”，wisdom“智慧，才智”，均不符合文意。故选D。
二、利用同义复现关系解题
同义复现是指上下文中的某个甚至是多个句子出现了所填词的同义词，对所填词所在的句子起到了诠释或照应的作用。同义复现更多时候是针对动词、形容词和副词。这类题不仅要求考生在解题过程中要注意联系上下文，在文中寻找相应线索，同时在平时的学习中要注意同义词的积累，多对常见动词、形容词和副词进行英英解释。
【典题示例1】
While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this   41   process and found something that has changed my (experience) at college for the better: I discovered ASL — American Sign Language (美式手语).
41. A. searching    B. planning    C. natural    D. formal
【思路点拨】
41. A 根据语境可知，此处表示：我自己经历了这一探索的过程。再根据上文中的explore和for that exploration可知，这里表示“探索的过程”。search和explore意思均是“探索”，它们属于同义复现。而planning“计划”，natural“自然的”，formal“正式的”，均不符合文意。故选A。
【典题示例2】
Hannah was very   37  . She couldn’t understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.
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Later, when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person. It was a woman, (pushing) an old shopping trolley (购物车) which was piled with (bags). It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. This made Hannah very sad, and even more (determined) to do something. She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people (since) they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad, she wouldn’t (feel) as bad.
37. A. annoyed    B. nervous    C. ashamed    D. upset
【思路点拨】
37. D 此空要表达的是Hannah看到无家可归的人时的感受。文章的第二段给出了两处提示，即第四句中的“This made Hannah very sad”以及最后一句中的“Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad”。本处Hannah的感受应与这两处一致，因此选upset，意为“难过的，沮丧的”，和sad表达的意思是一致的。而annoyed“生气的”，nervous“紧张的”，ashamed“羞愧的”，均不符合文意。故选D。
【典题示例3】
This made her think that her disability was all her   4  , and that she must have done something wrong.
4. A. fault    B. success    C. power    D. advantage
【思路点拨】
4. A 根据空后的“that she must have done something wrong”可知，她觉得因为自己做错了事情才会有生理缺陷的，所以她认为这是她的过错。特别注意fault与wrong是同义复现。而success“成功”，power“权力”，advantage“好处”，均不符合文意。故选A。
三、利用反义复现关系解题
反义复现是指上下文中的某个句子与所填词所在的句子表达了相反的意思，这样的句子一般都在所填词所在句的前面或者后面，在原句和复现句之间常有and、but、however、or等词进行连接，表达相反或相对的含义。反义复现也主要是针对动词、形容词和副词。在解答此类试题时，应注意分析这类概念复现，从反义的角度判断正确的选项。
【典题示例1】
Then, Larry asked the (police) if he was needed or   58  , to go. They let him and the other man go.
58. A. forbidden    B. ready    C. asked    D. free
【思路点拨】
58. D 由于空处所在句出现了or，意思是“或者”，表示选择关系。故空处就和前面出现的“he was needed”形成了对比。再根据语境可知，Larry询问警察是需要他帮忙还是可以自由离开。free意思是“自由的”，符合语境。而forbidden“被禁止”，ready“准备好的”，asked“被请求”，均不符合文意。故选D。
【典题示例2】
A man tried to take a photo of a crow that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not   7   until the man left the tower.
7. A. relax    B. recover    C. react    D. return
【思路点拨】
7. D 根据语境可知，乌鸦直到那个人离开这座塔才回来。显然空处与上句中的left“离开”相对，成为一组反义词复现。return“返回”。故选D。
【典题示例3】
You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to   24   the building.
24. A. enter    B. leave    C. open    D. close
【思路点拨】
24. A 根据语境并分析句子结构可知，“push the door”与“pull the door”相对；“go out of the building”与“______ the building”相对。enter“进入”。故选A。
四、利用解释型复现关系解题
解释型复现是指文中的某个句子或句子成分（如定语、同位语等）、某些特殊符号（如破折号、冒号等）以及插入语等对所填词起到诠释作用，这类题的线索一般在所填词的后面，考生在解题时要注意对这些成分进行分析，对这样的出题模式做到了然于胸。因此在解答完形填空题时一定要通读全文，掌握文章大意后再来做题。
【典题示例1】
I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his   52   from high school and remained the same (caring) person I met forty years before.
52. A. graduation    B. retirement    C. separation    D. resignation
【思路点拨】
52. A 根据空后的“from high school”可知，此处指他高中毕业之后，故graduation符合语境。retirement“退休”，separation“分开”，resignation“辞职，放弃”，均不符合文意。故选A。
【典题示例2】
A Toronto man is offering a free round the world air ticket to the right woman. But
21   apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian (passport).
21. A. benefits    B. deposits    C. restrictions    D. examinations
【思路点拨】
21. C 根据空后的“You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian (passport)”可知，对于这张免费机票，有一些限制（restriction），你必须名字是Elizabeth Gallagher，而且要有加拿大护照。benefit“利益，好处”，deposit“预付款，订金”，examination“考试，检查”，均不符合文意。故选C。
五、利用同根词复现关系解题
同根词复现是指文中的某个句子复现的是所填词的派生词。常为所填词的反义词或相同含义、不同词性的词。这类题首先要求考生在平时的学习中掌握基本的构词法和基本词缀，其次是要能在上下文中找出相应的线索。
【典题示例】
When I turned fourteen, she bought me a second hand   47   and told me that she believed that I could become a writer.
47. A. camera    B. radio    C. bicycle    D. typewriter
【思路点拨】
47. D 根据空后的“she believed that I could become a writer”中的同根词writer可知，她给我买的是打字机。camera“照相机”，radio“收音机”，bicycle“自行车”，均不符合文意。故选D。
掌握以上几种词汇复现解题技巧，做起完形来你会感觉如虎添翼。还在等什么呢？赶紧学起来吧！