书面表达常用关联词语

书面表达常用关联词语

      内容连贯是书面表达的四大评分标准之一，因此，我们在写作时，除按照逻辑顺序组合所有内容信息外，还必须学会灵活运用关联词语。除连接并列句或引导主从复合句的连接词之外，特别推荐使用以下连接性词语。
类别    最常用的连接性词语
表观点    in my opinion, as far as I am concerned, from my point of view, as far as I know等
表递进    besides, what’s more, what’s worse, furthermore, in addition, to make matters worse等
表并列    also, as well (as), or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, both…and等
表因果    therefore, thanks to, as a result (of), because of, due to, owing to, since/now that (既然)等
表强调    above all, indeed, surely, certainly, of course, at least, obviously等
表解释    that is to say, in other words, believe it or not, to tell you the truth, to put it simply等
表比较    just as/like, in the same way, similarly, instead等
表空间    first of all, on the left/right, to the left/right of, on one side of…on the other side of…, at the foot/top/end of, in the middle/centre of等
表转折
或对比    however, while, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, after all, in fact, as a matter of fact等
表列举    for one thing…and for another (thing), on (the) one hand…on the other hand, first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), finally, last but not least (最后但同等重要的是)等
表举例    for example/instance, take…for example/as an example, such as, as follows, and so on, etc.等
表总结    in short, in a word, in conclusion, in brief, generally speaking, to sum up, all in all, to make the story short (简而言之)等

写作文采精彩替换和表达，可以大大提高写作层次和水平，用处很大，尽量消化：
1．occur 替换 think of
  Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. →
  An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.
  It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.
2．devote替换spend
  He spends all his spare time in reading. →
  He devotes all his spare time to reading.
3．seek替换want / look for
  They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees.
4．average 替换ordinary
  I’m an average ( ordinary ) student.
5．but替换very
  The film we saw last night was very interesting. →
  The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.
  The film we saw last night was anything but boring.
6．seat 替换sit
On his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried.
7．suppose 替换should
  He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.
8．appreciate 替换thank
  Thank you very much for you help. →
  We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.
9．the case替换 true
  I don’t think it is the case ( true ).
10．on替换as soon as
  As soon as he arrived, he began his research. →
  On his arrival, he began his research..
11．due to替换because of
He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm.
12．cover替换walk/read
   After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.
13．contribute to替换  be helpful/useful
Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. →
   Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.
14．round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby
   ① The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans?
② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby).
15．come to light替换discover
The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →
The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.
16．have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself
   After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).
17．come up with替换think of
   Jack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas.
18．set aside替换save
   Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004天津卷)
19．be of + n. 替换adj.
   The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.
20．refer to  替换talk about/of, mention
   The professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous.
21．can not but / can not help but替换have to do
I could not but (had to) go home.
22．more often than not替换usually
   More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.
23．lest替换so that /in order that
   I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. →
   I wrote down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it.
24．be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish for
   I want to see you very much. →
   I am long to see you.
25．be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in
He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps.

浏览下面附加过渡词
(二)巧用连接词
要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词
表示罗列增加
First, second, third,
First, then / next, after that / next, finally
For one thing… for another thing…     On (the) one hand…on the other hand,
Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also, Especially / In particular,
表示时间顺序
now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally,
immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment, form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,
表示解释说明now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, in fact, actually
表示转折关系but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,
表示并列关系or, and, also, too, not only…but also, as well as, both…and, either…or, neither…nor
表示因果关系because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result, as a result of, otherwise, so…that, such…that
表示条件关系as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless
表示让步关系though, although, as, even if, even though, whether…or…, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)
表示举例for example, for instance, such as…, take…for example
表示比较be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as
表示目的for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,
表示强调in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,
表示概括归纳in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion,
英语写作“启承转合”的关联、过渡词语
1.“启”是开端
开头词语:
A proverb says，...At present，...As the proverb says，...Currently，...As is known to all，...Now，...It is clear that...Recently，...It is often said that...
2. “承”是承接上文加以申述
开头词语：First(of all)，...Moreover，...Firstly，... No one can deny that...In the first place，...Obviously，... To begin with，...Of course，...Also，...Similarly，...At the same time，...Therefore，we should realize that...Certainly，...Without doubt，... In addition，...There is no doubt that...In fact，...What’s more，...Meanwhile，...It can be easily proved that...
3. “转”是转折，从正面或反面立论
But...Still，... However，... To our surprise，... Nevertheless，... Unfortunately，...But the problem is not so simple，...There is a certain amount of truth in this，but we still have a problem with regard to...On the other hand，... Yet difference will be found and that is I feel that...Others may find this to be true，but I do not. I think...
4. “合”是结束全文
Above all，...In brief，...Accordingly，... In conclusion，...All in all，... As a consequence，...In short，... As I have shown/said/stated/...In sum，... In summary，... As has been noted，...Obviously，...On the whole，...Consequently，...Eventually，... To conclude，...In a word，...To sum up，...Finally，...To summarize，...In other words，it is hard to escape the conclusion that...