如何丰富读后续写的语言

如何丰富读后续写的语言


1. 词汇丰富性是语言丰富性的基石续文较原文在用词上的创新度也是丰富性的表现之一，因此词汇新颖度可作为评估读后续写词汇丰富性的重要指标。在协同效应背景下，高中英语读后续写词汇丰富性评价可从以下四个维度进行（见下表）。读后续写词汇丰富性评价维度表

评价维度	内涵
词汇变化度(lexical variation)	基于语义连贯的词汇变化程度
词汇密度(lexical density)	续写中实词在文本中的比率
词汇新颖度(lexical originality)	利用续写原文语境输出词汇的新颖性
词汇复杂度(lexical sophistication)	低频词及新课标较高级词汇比率

2. 句法多样性是语言丰富性的载体变换多种句式，彰显语言形式的丰富性

实现句式多样性的12 种手段

一、with/without的复合结构
1．with + n.
u李华，男，18岁，有高学历和丰富的志愿者经验。
简单句：Li Hua is a eighteen-year-old boy. He has a very high academic qualification. He has rich experience as a volunteer.
修炼精句：_________________________________________________________
答案：Li Hua is a eighteen-year-old boy with a very high academic qualification and rich experience as a volunteer.
uTom帮助了我们，我们就提前完成了任务。
简单句：Tom helped us. So we completed the task ahead of time.
修炼精句：_____________________________________________________________
答案：With Tom’s help, we completed the task ahead of time.
2．with + n. + adj.
老师出去了，门开着。
简单句：Teachers went out. The door was open.
修炼精句：_____________________________________________________________
答案：Teachers went out with he door open.
3．with + n. + 介词短语
由于生产（产品）上升了60% ，这家公司又有了一个辉煌年。   
简单句：Because its production increased by 60 % , the company has had another excellent year.
修炼精句：____________________________________________________________
答案：With production up by 60 % , the company has had another excellent year.
4．with + n. + to do
有两科要考试，好担心，这周末我要疯狂学习了。
简单句：I’m worried about two exams.I have to work really hard this weekend.
修炼精句：___________________________________________________________
答案：With two exams to worry about , I have to work really hard this weekend.
5．with + n. + done
这个伟大作家去世了。可惜的是，他的作品还未完成。
简单句：This great writer passed away. It was a pity that his works were unfinished.
修炼精句：_____________________________________________________________
答案：This great writer passed away with his works unfinished.
6．with + n. + doing
冬天来了，该买暖和的衣服了。
简单句：Winter is coming. It is time to buy warm clothes.
修炼精句：_____________________________________________________________
答案：With winter coming, it is time to buy warm clothes.

二、非谓语

非谓语动词是高中的重要语法，运用它可以简化句子结构，使语言表达更加简洁和生动。
回顾非谓语的作用：主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语。
例：In order to get some working experience,I intend to take up a part-time job in a foreign company.    （to do作宾语）
So exciting was the news that we couldn't help jumping up. （doing作表语，前置用倒装）
I think the boy sitting at the table is very hard-working. （doing作定语）
My father encourages me to major in English in college. （to do作宾补）

三、并列句

①　我几乎每天都在学校遇见爱米丽，但从未与她交谈。
I met Emily in school almost every day and yet I never talked to her.
②　我从未有机会知道那个好心人的名字，但我永远会记得他出人意料的好意。
I never got an opportunity to know that kind man’s name,but I would always remember his unexpected kindness.
③　医院工作人员太忙了，没时间照顾我，所以我打电话给朋友告诉他这次事故。
The hospital staff was too busy to attend to me, so I called a friend to tell him about the accident.
④　早餐后，我去帮蒂娜姨妈喂鸡，而我的爸爸和保罗叔叔一起去放羊吃草。(2018年6月浙江卷)
After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze (吃草).

四、定语从句

①　饥饿的熊闻着味道来到我们的营地，营地被高高的铁丝网包围着。(2020年7月浙江卷)
The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence.
②　有一位男子生病在床，他的妻子照顾他，不能出去工作，还有他们的小孩子。(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
There was a man sick in bed, his wife,who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy.
③　他站起来，喊道：“我有一个好主意！我有一个我们都可以帮助完成的解决方案。”(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
He sprang to his feet and cried, “I have a great idea! I havea solution that we can all help accomplish (完成). ”
④　他们开车把儿子送到离城里好几个小时车程的大学,他不久将要在那儿生活和学习。(2020年1月浙江卷)
They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying.

五、状语从句

①　当他们靠近时，他们意识到那只狗是一头狼。(2017年6月浙江卷) (时间状语从句)
As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf.
②　由于经济衰退，该镇有些人失业了。(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷) (原因状语从句)
As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs.
③　高中毕业后，詹妮弗上了当地一所技术学院，靠打工来支付学费，因为没有多余的钱用于大学教育。(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷) (原因状语从句)
After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.
④　我问保罗叔叔我能不能骑马,  他说可以,  只要我爸爸和我一起去。(2018年6月浙江卷) (条件状语从句)
I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me.
⑤　“晚饭不要迟到, 顺着道儿走, 这样你们就不会迷路！”保罗叔叔喊道。(2018年6月浙江卷) (目的状语从句)
“Don't be late for supper, and keep to the track so that you don't get lost!” Uncle Paul cried.
⑥　当他们到达湖边时，简非常生气，她对汤姆说: “我要为我们找到一个更好的露营地”, 然后就走了。(2016年10月浙江卷) (时间状语从句+结果状语从句)
By the time they reached the lake, Jane was so angry that she said to Tom, “I'm going to find a better spot for us to camp” and walked away.
⑦　当夜幕降临时，简累得不得不停下来过夜。(2016年10月浙江卷) (时间状语从句+结果状语从句)
As night was beginning to fall, Jane was so tired that she had to stop for the night.
⑧　尽管这是我生活中褪色的记忆之一, 但有时我会清晰地记得他的脸, 尤其是他的眼睛。(让步状语从句)
Though it is one of the faded memories of my life, there are times when I remember his face clearly,especially his eyes.
⑨　虽然这次旅行大部分时间都很有趣,  但是现在我在那里感到非常孤独沮丧。(让步状语从句)
While the trip had been fun for the most part, now that I was there I was feeling very isolated and depressed.

六、名词性从句

①　我开始与她交谈，惊讶地发现我们有很多共同之处。(宾语从句)
I began to talk with her and was surprised to findthat we had much in common.
②　我想知道无论后果如何，父母是否应该始终说实话。(2020年全国Ⅰ卷) (宾语从句)
I wonderif parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences.
③　看起来天要下雪了。(表语从句)
It seemsthat/as if it is going to snow.
④　然而, 在餐桌上迎接我的是一个微波炉包装。(主语从句)
However,what greeted me at the table was a microwave package.
⑤　她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。(同位语从句)
The thought came to herthat maybe she had left the door open when she left home.

七、倒装从句

①　她一生中从未尝过比这更好的味道。(2016年10月浙江卷)
Never in her life had she tasted anything better.
②　直到那时，我才意识到，尽管乔在做家务方面遇到了麻烦，但他还是懂得如何照顾我。
Only then did I realize Joe actually understood how to take care of me despite his trouble with the housework.
③　曾经有一位出色的老人, 他热爱一切: 动物、蜘蛛、昆虫和各种各样的生物。
There was once a wonderful old man who loved everything: animals, spiders, insects and all sorts of living things.
④　我几乎没有意识到那天会发生一些异常的事情。
Little did I realize something different would happen that day.

八、强调句

①　正是它眼睛上的黄色斑点让我意识到它的存在。
It was the yellow spots on its eyes that made me realize its presence.
②　然后亚瑟意识到也许那一刻正是他可以解决他的问题。
Then Arthur realized maybe it was he that could solve his problem at that very moment.
③　直到她到了医院才明白所发生的一切。
It was when she got in the hospital that she understood everything that had happened.
④　正是这些障碍和困难使我们变得强大，并为生活中的更大挑战做好准备。
It is these obstacles and difficulties that make us strong and get prepared for the greater challengesin our life.
⑤　帮助动物园管理员捉住小偷的不是勇气, 而是智慧。
It’s not the courage but the wisdom that helps the zoo keeper catch the thieves.

九、虚拟语气

①　营地管理者建议我用胡椒喷雾。(2020年7月浙江卷)
The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray.
②　如果一个陌生的家庭出现在家门口,  妈妈会很高兴的。(2017年11月浙江卷)
If a strange family showed up on her front doorsteps, Mom would have been delighted.
③　要是她没有把手机忘在汤姆的包里就好了。(2016年10月浙江卷)
If only she had not left her mobile phone in that bag with Tom.
④　“我希望我们能帮助他赚钱, ”克莱拉说。“他的家人遭受着巨大的痛苦。” (2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
“I wish we could help him to earn money,”said Clara. “His family is suffering so much. ”
⑤　如果没有他的及时帮助，我肯定会误了飞机。
Without his timely help, I would have certainly missed my plane.

十、独立主格

Heart racing and palms sweating, he dragged his way onto the stage.

十一、无灵主语

即用无生命的东西做主语，比如情感做主语如:

A sense ofhorror seized sb
A sense ofguilt washed over sbA sense of reliefflooded over sh.

十二、doing 和done 做伴随状语

Singing, he went into the classroom.
Determined to go to Pk university, he worked super hard.