高考英语写作同义替换

高考英语写作同义替换

一、处理
1)address  
作为名词，我们再熟悉不过了，但是address是可以作为动词用，且有「处理」之意。比如某外刊例句Alexander says there are clearly problems that must be addressed.亚历山大表示，显然现在有必须要解决的问题。
【试一试】环境污染问题急需处理。
There is an urgent need to address environmental pollution.
2)approach
除了【方法，靠近】外，还有【处理解决】
之意。如Before trying to solve the puzzle, let us consider the best way to approach it. 要想解决这一难题, 咱们先来考虑一下如何着手方为上策.
3)grapple/wrestle with
很喜欢这两个短语，比较形象，两个词原本指的是【扭打，搏斗】，延伸为艰难解决问题。外刊很常见。如The city's schools are still wrestling with shortages of staff and supplies.该市的学校仍在与人手和物资短缺作斗争。
Meanwhile, the government is still grappling with the economic fallout.与此同时，政府仍在努力应对经济影响。
The U.N. estimates that 350,000 people are grappling with food shortages there.
据联合国估计，那里约有35万人面临食物短缺问题。
【试一试】
值此炎炎夏日，世界各地的人们都在与高温作斗争。
On this hot summer, people worldwide are grappling/wrestling with high temperatures.
二、导致引起
1) be responsible for
就是【对……负责】，也是用来解释导致某事件发生的原因。看CNN例句:
Lightening strikes are responsible for igniting many wildfires.雷击引发了许多山火。
再如In 1967, smallpox was responsible for millions of deaths.1967年，天花造成数百万人死亡。
【试一试】
网游是青少年身心问题的主要原因。
Online games are mainly responsible for physical and mental issues.
2) give rise to
一篇外刊关于男士频繁刮胡子的弊端时谈到 Daily shaving can give rise to a number of skin problems.每天刮胡子会导致许多皮肤问题。
还比如讨论社交媒体的影响时，有外刊提到Thirdly, I learned that social media gives rise to lots of fake relationships.第三，我了解到社交媒体会导致很多虚假的关系。
【试一试】
沟通不畅常常导致误解，这是很常见的事。
As is often the case, miscommunication often gives rise to misunderstandings.
3) generate
除了【产生】之意外，还可以用于表示「导致」。如Her comments have generated a good deal of controversy.她的言论引发了许多争议。
如谈论经济衰退的影响时提到，Today's economic slump could well generate a similar backlog of couples whose relationships have been irreparably ruined.如今的经济衰退很可能会产生类似的情绪积压，导致夫妻关系被破坏，且难以弥补。
【试一试】
今年降雨量不足导致了严重的干旱。
The lack of rainfall this year has generated a severe drought.
三、使用利用
1) employ
employ不只是（雇佣）之意，还有to use sth such as a skill, method, etc. for a particular purpose（使用技能方法等达到特定目的）。比如关于AI的应用，某外刊提到：
AI is being employed in many ways like education and researches.
人工智能在很多方面都有应用,比如教育和研究领域。
2)adopt
这个词大家最熟悉的意思就是[收养、领养]。其实，它也有[采用采纳]之意，一般跟建议、政策、态度之类词语连用。
比如：
All seven teams adopted different approaches to the problem.
七个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。
[试一试]比如讲到欺凌话题
对于校园欺凌，我们应该采取零容忍态度。
We should adopt zero-tolerance attitude towards school bullying.
3) avil oneself of
没错available就是它的形容词。avail oneself of就是[利用]之意，很正式的表达。如Guests are encouraged to avail themselves of the full range of hotel facilities. 旅馆鼓励旅客充分利用各种设施。
[试一试]
建议你要利用一切机会来展现你的能力。
It is advisable that you avail yourself of every opportunity to showcase your capacity.
四、获得得到
01）secure
作为形容词，secure是（安全的）；作为动词，意为to obtain or achieve sth, especially when this means using a lot of effort (尤指经过努力)获得，取得，实现。
比如，外刊介绍爱迪生时，这么说
In his lifetime, Edison will secure over one thousand patents.一生中 爱迪生获得了超过一千项专利。
再如This trade secures immediate financial returns for the vendor, but undermines international security.这一交易为出售者获得立即的经济回报，但破坏了国际安全。
[试一试]
让我们惊讶的是，我们队在最后几分钟获得了比赛的胜利。
To our surprise, our team secured victory of the game in the final minutes.
02)garner
原指（谷仓，粮仓），作为动词便有了（存放）之意，后来延伸为（获得）。在电视电影领域，garner很常见，常用来表明获得了多少关注、多少票房等。如
Moreover, the film's controversy has garnered attention and created a new discourse around classic fairy tales.
此外，这部电影的争议也引起了人们的关注，并围绕经典童话创造了一种新的话题。
The drama has garnered 50 million views in total since it began streaming on YouTube on February 23.
该剧自2月23日开始在YouTube上播放以来，播放量已达5000万次。
五、努力尽力
1) spare no effort 不遗余力
这个短语后面也是用不定式 to do, 表示『竭尽全力做某事』。比如今年哈尔滨旅行的火热，外媒是这么报道的:
Harbin spared no effort to show its sincerity to tourists.哈尔滨不遗余力地向游客展示自己的诚意。
再比如用在保护濒危动物话题，我们可以说Many people are sparing no effort to protect endangered animals, such as Asian tigers and snow leopards.许多人都在不遗余力保护亚洲虎及雪豹等这 类濒临绝种的动物。
【试一试】
不遗余力保护环境是每个人的责任。
It is everyone's responsible to spare no effort to preserve the environment.
2) exert oneself to do sth. 奋力做某事
exert 【发挥，运用】，exert yourself就是『努力』，还可以换成strain oneself。
比如He exerted himself to win the race. 他奋力想赢得比赛
【试试水】
我相信只要你用尽全力，你一定实现你的目标。
I'm sure that you are bound to achieve your goal if you exert yourself to the utmost.
3) strive for sth./ to do sth.努力争取/做某事
strive的过去式、过去分词为【strove/striven】。比如
A difficult goal can be worth striving for, however.但是，难度大的目标也可以值得为之奋斗。
六、致力奉献
1) be committed to
注意此处to是介词，另外be 也可以换成remain (仍然是)。比如UNICEF said it hopes the summits will be committed to children.联合国儿童基金会表示，其希望这些峰会能够为孩子们做一些事情。
再比如六级阅读里提到的:
We are committed to fostering new music talent.我们致力于培养新的音乐人才。
【试一试】
首先，我们必须致力于实现人与自然和谐相处。
First, we must be committed to harmony between man and Nature.
02) apply oneself to
apply 除了我们熟悉的{申请，应用}外，还有{专心于、致力于}之意。apply oneself to 则是{致力于}。如You will only pass your exam if you really apply yourself to your study.你只有真正专心用功，考试才能通过。
七、有利
1）be advantageous to
advantageous是advantage(优势)的形容词，意为【有利的】。《道德经》里有句话叫:此两者，或利或害。其英文翻译就用到了advantageous。Of these two cases the one appears to be advantageous, and the other to be injurious.
此外，也可以说place sb. in an advantageous position『使某人处于有利地位』。比如:
Her experience placed her in an advantage opposition to apply for the job.她的经历使得她在申请这份工作时处于有利的地位。
2) be favorable to
favorable【赞成的、有利的】，可做定语修饰名词，常见有favorable conditions【有利条件】，favorable comments【好评】等。be favorable to 就是【对....有利】。比如:
It is thought that the conditions in this lake basin may have been favorable to life.人们认为，该湖泊盆地的条件可能对生命（形成）有利。
3) be conducive to
这个词在大学英语里比较常见，六级听力曾出现过多次:
The weather was not conducive to our work at all, since the humidity was almost unbearable.天气完全不利于我们的工作，因为湿度太高，简直令人难以忍受。
And cutting the working week would be conducive to the individual, giving millions of workers more time to spend as they see fit.
对于个人而言，削减工作周天数将大有裨益，成百上千万的工人将会拥有更多的自由时间
八、损害
1) spoil
有【溺爱，宠爱】之意，比如，a spoiled child被宠坏的小孩。如果用在"物"身上，spoile则意为【损害，破坏】，如《老友记》有句台词
Yes, please don't spoil all this fun.对啊，请不要破坏这里的乐趣
再比如The heavy rain ~ed the crops. 豪雨损坏了农作物。
2) be detrimental to
其意等同于harmful/damaging。考研英语一篇阅读讲述到收购的影响时，讲到All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers.所有这些对消费者来说都有益而无害的。
【试试水】
电脑前工作太久会对心理健康有害。
Working for too long on computers can be detrimental to your mental health.
3) take a heavy toll on
本短语在外刊特别常见，尤其讲述自然灾害，疾病等带来重大损失时常用。如Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies.
冰雪和极低的气温使两支侵略军付出惨重的代价。
再如
Travel restrictions and concerns about coronavirus have taken their toll on the airlines.
旅行限制和人们对冠状病毒的担忧使得航空公司遭受了严重的损失。
【试试水】
孤独对我们的身体和精神都造成了巨大的伤害。
Loneliness takes a huge toll on us, both physically and mentally.
4) wreak havoc on
havoc【浩劫，祸患】，wreak havoc on表示损害特别严重，也可以换成play havoc with。经济学人讲到风暴对石油的影响时，提到But the storm also wreaked havoc on the region's biggest industry - oil and gas.
但这场风暴也对该地区规模最大的产业——石油和天然气——造成了严重破坏。
再如
Record rainfall wreaking havoc on the northeastern part of the island country over the weekend.
这个岛国的东北部在上周末遭遇了创纪录的暴雨。
当然，要用在某事对我们产生不利影响也是很好的表达。
【试试水】
过度依赖AI对我们的独立思考能力产生严重影响。
Heavy reliance on AI will wreak havoc on our independent thinking capability.
九、支持
1) back
站你身后，做你的后盾，是不是支持你。美剧台词里常说 I got your back.我支持你。
作为动词，back与support一样，直接说back sb./sth.。比如 I will always back your decision.我将永远支持你的决定。
2)prop
原指a piece of wood used to support sth.一块用来支撑某物的木头。用作动词，当然就是【支持】啦，常跟up搭配使用。比如 His faith propped him up in the face of adversity.他的信仰支撑着他面对逆境。
3) shore up
与prop up有点相近。比如 You need to find someone who will shore up your ideas.你需要找一个支持你观点的人。另外，shore up support表『获得支持』，比gain support形象多了。
4）champion
它可不只是【冠军】，当作“动词”时，表示“拥护、支持”。比如 Nowadays, the number of people championing slow-paced life is on the increase.如今，支持慢节奏生活的人数在不断增长。
十、加强
1)reinforce
加强，增强。直接看例句 With no vegetation and no roots to reinforce them, nothing holds the soils back.没有植物和根茎的加固，土壤被雨冲走。
【试试水】更多的练习有助于巩固我们在课堂上所学的。More practice is of benefit to reinforcing what we have learned in class.
2) bolster  
原指床上的长垫枕，用来支撑身体使用。用作动词常和confidence
/morale/courage信心/士气/勇气搭配使用。如His presence bolstered our confidence to give a wonderful performance.他的出席增强了我们的信心去呈现一场精彩的表演。
再如 讲述乐观的作用时，In other words, optimism may foster good habits that bolster health.换言之，乐观的态度会促进良好习惯的养成，从而促进健康。
3）heighten  
增高，增强。常用来指情绪的加强或效果更突出。如某文章提到拍照时，Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at, Diehl says.Diehl 说，拍照能引导注意力，增加你从眼前景象中所获得的愉悦感。
再看下个例句：The imposing silence of the night heightens the charms of the magnificent spectacle.而极静的夜晚则将这般壮观的景象衬托得更加迷人。
【试练】一路上，狂风暴雨，电闪雷鸣，使我的不安与恐惧越来越强烈。
All the way, wild wind and heavy rain, along with lightening and  thunder , heightened my anxiety and fear.
十一、证明
1) bear witness to...
见证了，就是证明了。注意bear的过去式、过去分词分别为bore/borne。这个短语很赞，尤其前面的主语为“物”时，妥妥的【无灵句】。比如：高中三年见证了所有人的努力与坚持。The past three years bore witness to all your efforts and perseverance.
读后续写中，写到【人与动物】的关系时，这个短语很好用。比如：The following days bore witness to its willingness to interact with me and to our openness to each other.接下来的日子见证了它乐意与我互动，也见证了我们对彼此敞开心扉。
2)sth. be a testament to...
某物是......的证明。今年的高考英语作文，讲述中国的发展时，这个短语就很实用。比如：交通的发展是中国综合国力的有力证明。The advancement of the transport system is a powerful testament to China's  comprehensive national strength.
3) be evidenced by  
被证明..../得到证实......
The effectiveness of the newly-designed product is clearly evidenced by its extensive application in our daily life.这款新设计的产品广泛应用在我们的日常生活中，显然证实了它的有效性。
【试写】从他的步伐就可以看出他的紧张不安情绪了。
His tension and unease were evidenced by his pace.