2024新高三·英语暑假作业 第1周 第3天

2024新高三·英语暑假作业

第1周 第3天

______月______日    星期__________    姓名：__________

【阅读训练】
一、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bruce Museum
Consistently voted the “Best Museum” by area media, the Bruce Museum in Greenwich is an educational institution which, through its varied exhibitions and collections in the arts and sciences, provides programs for diverse audiences.
Bruce Beginnings
Tuesdays, 11:00 to 11:45 am
Bruce Beginnings programs are designed for children from 2.5–5 years of age and their adult caregivers, who will explore the museum’s collections and exhibitions through picture books and hands-on activities. Space for these programs is limited; participants must see the Visitor Service desk upon arrival to the museum.
Science Solvers or Art Adventure
Select Sundays, 1:00 to 3:00 pm
Drop-in monthly programs are designed for children over the age of 4 and their families to explore simple science and art concepts while taking part in kid-friendly experiments, projects, or crafts inspired by the museum’s exhibitions and collections.
Family Studio Workshops
Select Sundays, 1:00 to 2:30 pm
A program for children over the age of 4 with their families. Participants will create a work of art inspired by the museum’s collections and exhibitions! This program is $7 per person for members and $15 for non-members, plus the cost of Museum admission.
Afternoons at the Bruce
Select school vacation days, 2:00 to 4:30 pm
Spend the afternoon off from school discovering, learning and creating! Workshops are designed for grades 5 and explore the museum’s collections and exhibitions. Members $15, and $25 for non-members. Snacks included! Advanced registration is required at brucemuseum.org/site/events.
1. What is special about the programs lasting less than an hour?
A. Providing hands-on activities.    B. Taking place at weekends.
C. Limiting the number of participants.    D. Targeting kids of different age groups.
2. What do the second and the third programs have in common?
A. They cost nothing.    B. They include art appreciation.
C. They are designed for kids only.    D. They are hosted on school holidays.
3. Which of the following requires early registration?
A. Bruce Beginnings.    B. Afternoons at the Bruce.
C. Family Studio Workshops.    D. Science Solvers or Art Adventure.
B
I’m in a coffee shop in Manhattan and I’m about to become the most disliked person in the room. First, I’m going to interrupt the man reading quietly near the window and ask for a drink of his latte. Next, I’m going to ask the line of people waiting to pay if I can cut to the front of the queue. This is how I chose to spend my last vacation. Here’s why.
Growing up, all I ever heard about was “EQ”. It was the mid-1990s, and psychologist Daniel Goleman had just popularized the concept of emotional intelligence. Unlike IQ, which tracked conventional measures of intelligence like reasoning and recall, EQ measured the ability to understand other people — to listen, to empathize (共情), and to appreciate.
My mother, an elementary school principal, prized brains and hard work, but she placed a special emphasis on Goleman’s new idea. To her, EQ was the elixir (万能药) that separated the good students from the great after they left school. She was determined to send me into the adult world with as much of this elixir as possible.
But when I finally began my first job, I noticed a second elixir in the pockets of some of my colleagues. It gave their opinions extra weight and their decisions added impact. Strangest of all, it seemed like the anti-EQ: Instead of knowing how to make others feel good, this elixir gave people the courage to do the opposite — to say things others didn’t want to hear.
This was assertiveness (魄力). It boiled down to the command of a single skill: the ability to have uncomfortable conversations. Assertive people — those with high “AQ” — ask for things they want, decline things they don’t, provide constructive feedback, and engage in direct confrontation (对峙) and debate.
A lifetime improving my EQ helped me empathize with others, but it also left me overly sensitive to situations where I had to say or do things that might make others unhappy. While I didn’t avoid conflict, I was always frustrated by my powerlessness when I had to say or do something that could upset someone. This is my problem and I’m working on it.
4. Why did the author act that way in the coffee shop?
A. To improve a skill.    B. To test a concept.
C. To advocate a new idea.    D. To have a unique vacation.
5. What do we know about the author’s mother?
A. She thought little of IQ.   
B. She popularized Goleman’s idea.
C. She was a strict mother and principal.   
D. She valued EQ as the key to greatness.
6. What does the word “it” underlined in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A. EQ.    B. AQ.   
C. Empathy.    D. Courage.
7. According to the passage, those with high EQ but low AQ are likely to be ______.
A. successful leaders    B. people pleasers
C. terrible complainers    D. pleasure seekers

C
Sometimes we only appreciate something when we realize we may lose it. That is the story of the Everglades. A shallow slow-moving river, the Everglades once covered about 18,000 square miles of southern Florida. Until the 1900s, few people lived in the grassy wetlands. Not much was understood about the unique balance of nature that existed there. Plants, creatures, and water had formed a remarkable ecosystem.
By the early 1900s, Florida’s pleasant winters attracted more people. Visitors became new permanent residents. They built homes and roads. The conditions looked good for farming, so the newcomers planted large agricultural crops. But South Florida’s cycle of flooding was a problem. To address that, developers attempted to drain (排水) the land. They also built structures to control water levels and flow.
Those changes made it easier for more people to live year-round in South Florida. However, they also disturbed life in the Everglades, which depends on freshwater regularly refilling the land. The area’s growing human population needed freshwater. And large farms consumed large quantities of freshwater. By the mid-1900s, water levels in southern Florida began to go down. Lack of freshwater wasn’t the only problem. As more and more land was developed for people and farms, the Everglades’ historic boundaries contracted. Loss of habitat and hunting threatened the survival of native species in the Everglades.
Some people hoped that the government’s recognition might save the Everglades. They fought for it. Everglades National Park was established in 1947. It became the first park in the United States created for its biodiversity.
Now, Everglades National Park protects 1.5 million acres along the southern tip of Florida. An amazing variety of creatures live there. About 360 different species of birds have been sighted in the park. Nearly 300 different species of fish have been identified. About 40 species of mammals and 50 species of reptiles inhabit the park. Nature still rules in the Everglades, a place worth understanding, appreciating, and protecting.
8. What was the Everglades like before the 1900s?
A. Naturally wild.    B. Partly explored.
C. Completely lifeless.    D. Thickly populated.
9. What problem did new residents cause for the Everglades?
A. A cycle of flooding.    B. Pollution of freshwater.
C. Possible extinction of native species.    D. The extension of historic boundaries.
10. Why are the figures mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To attract visitors to the park.
B. To stress the great power of nature.
C. To call for more efforts to protect nature.
D. To show the successful conservation of the park.
11. What is the text mainly about?
A. How people adapted to life in the Everglades.
B. How Everglades National Park was established.
C. How humans harmed and saved the Everglades.
D. How the ecosystem of the Everglades was formed.
D
Nowadays, the world is slowly becoming a high-tech society and we are now surrounded by technology. Facebook and Twitter are innovative tools; text messaging is still a somewhat existing phenomenon and even e-mail is only a flashing spot on the screen when compared with our long history of snail mail. Now we adopt these tools to the point of essentialness, and only rarely consider how we are more fundamentally affected by them.
Social media, texting and e-mail all make it much easier to communicate, gather and pass information, but they also present some dangers. By removing any real human engagement, they enable us to develop our abnormal self-love without the risk of disapproval or criticism. To use a theatrical metaphor (隐喻), these new forms of communication provide a stage on which we can each create our own characters, hidden behind a fourth wall of tweets, status updates and texts. This unreal state of unconcern can become addictive as we separate ourselves a safe distance from the cruelty of our fleshly lives, where we are imperfect, powerless and insignificant. In essence, we have been provided not only the means to be more free, but also to become new, to create and project a more perfect self to the world. As we become more reliant on these tools, they become more a part of our daily routine, and so we become more restricted in this fantasy.
So it is that we live in a cold era, where names and faces represent two different levels of closeness, where working relationships occur only through the magic of email and where love can start or end by text message. An environment such as this reduces interpersonal relationships to mere digital exchanges.
Would a celebrity have been so daring to do something dishonorable if he had had to do it in person? Doubtful. It seems he might have been lost in a fantasy world that ultimately convinced himself into believing the digital self could obey different rules and regulations, as if he could continually push the limits of what’s acceptable without facing the consequences of “real life.”
12. What can we know about new communication tools?
A. Destroying our life totally.   
B. Posing more dangers than good.
C. Helping us to hide our faults.   
D. Replacing traditional letters.
13. What is the potential threat caused by the novel communication tools?
A. Sheltering us from virtual life.   
B. Removing face-to-face interaction.
C. Leading to false mental perception.   
D. Making us rely more on hi-tech media.
14. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. Technologies have changed our relationships.
B. The digital world is a recipe for pushing limits.
C. Love can be better conveyed by text message.
D. The digital self need not take responsibility.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Addiction to the Virtual World.   
B. Cost of Falling into Digital Life.
C. Interpersonal Skills on the Net.   
D. The Future of Social Media.

二、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever caught a smell of something and been strongly reminded of a person or place? There seems to be a deep psychological link between smells and our memory. Some research even suggests that smells can influence our cognition (认知，感知).
1   Roja Dove, a perfumer, informed the BBC that when we are born, the olfactory bulb (嗅球), which is the area in our brain that processes smell, is empty, without pre-existing information or association.   2   When we smell an odour again, the original and unique memory comes flooding back because of the association acquired in our previous experience.
Our awareness of smells is primarily unconscious.   3   But, low-level smells are still picked up because the scent receptors (感受器) in our brain are so powerful that we unconsciously register them. In fact, various studies have found the olfactory bulb sends more neurons (神经元) to more areas of our brain than our hearing or vision.
Research suggests that the power of smell can also affect how the brain performs.   4   Mark Moss at Northumbria University’s Psychology Department discovered that certain essential oils, such as peppermint, positively impact cognition, and rosemary’s scent can enhance memory. He also studied lavender, which he says “tends to impair memory and slow reaction time”. But research by others has shown it to be useful in reducing pre-treatment anxiety in dental and medical situations.
5   The next time a familiar smell brings back a special memory, just remember that your nose is working wonders.
A. Why do smells take us back?
B. So, don’t take your nose for granted.
C. How is the sense of smell connected to your brain?
D. Scents can revive memories that have been long forgotten.
E. We are not actively aware of them unless they are extremely strong.
F. This is especially true when it comes to the fragrance of essential oils.
G. Therefore, our responses to smells are learnt and highly individualized.

参考答案

一、
A
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了布鲁斯博物馆的几项活动的相关信息。
1. C 细节理解题。根据Bruce Beginnings中“Tuesdays, 11:00 to 11:45 am（周二上午11:00至11:45）”和“Space for these programs is limited（这些项目的空间有限）”可知，持续时间不到一小时的Bruce Beginnings的特别之处在于该活动会限制参与者人数。故选C。
2. D 细节理解题。根据Science Solvers or Art Adventure中“Select Sundays, 1:00 to 3:00 pm （选择周日下午1:00至3:00)”和Family Studio Workshops中“Select Sundays, 1:00 to 2:30 pm（选择周日，下午1:00至2:30）”可知，第二个和第三个活动的共同之处在于它们在学校放假时开展。故选D。
3. B 细节理解题。根据Afternoons at the Bruce中“Advanced registration is required at brucemuseum.org/site/events.（需要在brucemuseum.org/site/events上提前注册。）”可知，Afternoons at the Bruce活动参加者需要提前注册。故选B。
B
本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者分享了自己提高魄力的经历以及情商与魄力的平衡对个人发展的重要性，并反思自己在处理冲突时的挑战。
4. A 细节理解题。根据下文内容可知，作者想提高自己的魄力，因此，作者在咖啡店中的行为是为了提高这项技能。故选A。
5. D 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“To her, EQ was the elixir (万能药) that separated the good students from the great after they left school.”可知，作者的母亲认为EQ（情商）是成就非凡事业的关键，故选D。
6. B 词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句“This was assertiveness (魄力).”可知，“it”具体指的是“魄力”，即“AQ”。故选B。
7. B 推理判断题。文章最后一段提到，作者一生努力提高EQ（情商），这使他能够与人共情，但也让他在需要说或做可能让别人不高兴的事情时过于敏感。这表明高EQ但低AQ的人可能会过分重视他人的感受而忽略自己的想法和需要，故而更倾向于取悦他人，因此B选项“people pleasers（讨好者）”正确。故选B。
C
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Everglades自然保护区的发展历程，从最初的大范围自
然野地到因人类活动受损，再到通过建立国家公园实施有效保护的整个过程极其重要。
8. A 细节理解题。原文第一句提到“the Everglades once covered about 18,000 square miles of southern Florida.” 并且在第二句中提到了，直到19世纪，这片“grassy wetlands”（草地湿地）几乎无人居住，这显示了Everglades在20世纪之前保持了它的自然野性。选项A.“Naturally wild”是对Everglades在1900年代之前的描述最合适的选择。故选A。
9. C 推理判断题。在第三段中，文章提到“Loss of habitat and hunting threatened the survival of native species in the Everglades.”，即生境的丧失和狩猎对Everglades原生物种的生存造成了威胁，可能导致这些物种的灭绝。故选C。
10. D 推理判断题。最后一段提到“Everglades National Park protects 1.5 million acres along the southern tip of Florida. An amazing variety of creatures live there ...”，并列举了不同种类的鸟类、鱼类、哺乳动物和爬行动物的数量。这一数据的提供，是为了展示Everglades National Park保护措施的成功，也就是成功地保护了各种生物，故选D。
11. C 主旨大意题。全篇文章主要讲述了Everglades的自然状况如何被人类活动所破坏，以及人们实施保护措施来拯救这一生物多样性丰富的区域。文章开头描述了Everglades的自然状态，然后讲述了20世纪初由于人类活动导致的生态问题和物种的威胁，最后提到了建立国家公园来保护这片土地。故选C。
D
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了陷入数字生活的代价。
12. C 推理判断题。根据第二段“To use a theatrical metaphor (隐喻), these new forms of communication provide a stage on which we can each create our own characters, hidden behind a fourth wall of tweets, status updates and texts. This unreal state of unconcern can become addictive as we separate ourselves a safe distance from the cruelty of our fleshly lives, where we are imperfect, powerless and insignificant. In essence, we have been provided not only the means to be more free, but also to become new, to create and project a more perfect self to the world.（用戏剧化的比喻来说，这些新的交流形式提供了一个舞台，我们每个人都可以在这个舞台上创造自己的角色，隐藏在推特、状态更新和文本的第四堵墙后面。当我们与残酷的肉体生活保持安全距离时，这种不真实的漠不关心状态会让人上瘾，在肉体生活中，我们是不完美、无能为力和微不足道的。从本质上讲，我们不仅获得了更自由的手段，而且获得了变新的手段，创造并向世界投射出更完美的自我。）”可知，新的交流工具让人们隐藏自己的不完美。故选C。
13. C 推理判断题。根据第二段“By removing any real human engagement, they enable us to develop our abnormal self-love without the risk of disapproval or criticism.（通过消除任何真实的人际交往，它们使我们能够发展我们不正常的自爱，而不会有不赞成或批评的风险。）”可知，新的交流工具让人们产生了错误的心理感知。故选C。
14. A 推理判断题。根据第三段“So it is that we live in a cold era, where names and faces represent two different levels of closeness, where working relationships occur only through the magic of email and where love can start or end by text message. An environment such as this reduces interpersonal relationships to mere digital exchanges.（因此，我们生活在一个冷漠的时代，名字和面孔代表着两种不同程度的亲密，工作关系只能通过电子邮件的魔力来建立，爱情可以通过短信开始或结束。在这样的环境下，人与人之间的关系就变成了单纯的数字交流。）”可知，科技改变了我们人与人之间的社会关系。故选A。
15. B 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nowadays, the world is slowly becoming a high-tech society and we are now surrounded by technology. Facebook and Twitter are innovative tools; text messaging is still a somewhat existing phenomenon and even e-mail is only a flashing spot on the screen when compared with our long history of snail mail. Now we adopt these tools to the point of essentialness, and only rarely consider how we are more fundamentally affected by them.（如今，世界正在慢慢成为一个高科技社会，我们现在被科技所包围。Facebook和Twitter是创新工具；短信仍然是一种存在的现象，与我们悠久的蜗牛邮件历史相比，即使是电子邮件也只是屏幕上的一个亮点。现在，我们采用这些工具到了本质的地步，很少考虑我们如何从根本上受到它们的影响。）”和第三段“So it is that we live in a cold era, where names and faces represent two different levels of closeness, where working relationships occur only through the magic of email and where love can start or end by text message. An environment such as this reduces interpersonal relationships to mere digital exchanges.（因此，我们生活在一个冷漠的时代，名字和面孔代表着两种不同程度的亲密，工作关系只能通过电子邮件的魔力来建立，爱情可以通过短信开始或结束。在这样的环境下，人与人之间的关系就变成了单纯的数字交流。）”可知，这篇文章主要介绍陷入数字生活的代价。故选B。
二、
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了嗅觉如何影响我们的认知。
1. A 第一段说嗅觉和记忆似乎有心理关联，且研究发现气味会影响我们的认知。下文引用调香师Roja Dove的话说明嗅觉和记忆之间的关系。因此，A项“为什么气味会唤起记忆？”承上启下，符合语境。C项中your brain中的your与段落的叙述角度不符。
2. G 空前说“当我们出生时，大脑中处理气味的嗅球是空的，没有预先存在的信息或联系”。因此，G项“因此，我们对气味的反应是后天习得的，而且是高度个性化的”符合语境。
3. E 空前说“我们对气味的感知基本上是无意识的”。空后说“比较淡的气味仍然会被捕捉到，因为我们大脑中的气味感受器非常强大，我们会无意识地将它们记录下来”。因此，E项“除非气味异常浓烈，否则我们不会主动意识到它”承上启下，符合语境。
4. F 空前说“研究表明，嗅觉的力量也会影响大脑的运行方式”。空后举了几个例子说明植物精油（薄荷、迷迭香和薰衣草）会影响认知、记忆和情绪。因此，该空属于过渡句，F项“当涉及精油的香味时尤其如此”承上启下，符合语境。
5. B 最后一段总结全文，且根据空后说“下次当熟悉的气味勾起特别的记忆时，请记住，你的鼻子正在创造奇迹”可知，空处应在强调鼻子的强大作用，B项“因此，不要认为你的鼻子是理所当然的”符合语境。