2024新高三·英语暑假作业 第2周 第5天

2024新高三·英语暑假作业

第2周 第5天

______月______日    星期__________    姓名：__________

【外刊精读】
文章来自今日心理学
Are Smaller Screens Making Us More Self-Absorbed?
As tech has given us greater access to an increasingly complex world, we are viewing much of it through smaller windows. Mobile devices are being increasingly relied upon for news, and access to news is available to a greater number of people more frequently throughout the day. However, many people scroll quickly through headlines, and research has shown that time spent attending to news is shorter on smartphones than on other platforms.
Ironically, more exposure to news items may be associated with less impact of news content. Can photos and videos on tiny screens adequately portray the beauty of breathtaking natural landscapes, the challenge of death-defying rescues, or the reality of peoples’ lives devastated by war, violence, or natural disasters? Can 2-to-5-inch screen views fully capture the emotional nuances on a child’s face?
The impact of viewing complex realities in news reports on small screens has not yet been fully explored. It is clear, however, that there are important limitations on what is portrayed in miniature—context, relative scale, and fine details. Photos of famous paintings and sculptures are not perfect substitutes for the original masterpieces. It is reasonable to wonder what we might be missing as we experience newsworthy events on ever smaller screens.
Research suggests that news on mobile devices does not command the same degree of attention and cognitive reflection. In fact, many viewers quickly scroll through headlines without taking the time to explore a story in depth, much less reflect upon its validity, relevance, or significance. Heart rate variability and skin conductance levels have indicated lower levels of cognitive involvement with video news content when viewed on a mobile screen.
Visually, we routinely infer that smaller images have been projected from objects farther away. Small images, then, can distance viewers psychologically from the content reported and result in less emotional engagement. Research has shown that viewers respond with lower levels of attention and arousal when emotional content such as violence is presented on smaller screens, suggesting less emotional reactivity when news stories are viewed on mobile devices.
The sheer volume of information now available may make us feel fully informed, but often we may be actually getting disjointed pieces of reality without an overall portrait of how the pieces fit together. The unrelenting scrolling of a newsfeed may convey a sense that there is no lasting value or meaning to events not distinguishable in relative significance.
Swiping and scrolling can contribute to a feeling that time is passing by ever more rapidly. Research found that larger screens lead to greater emotional and behavioral trust, associated with a deeper sense of realism and “being there.” Smaller screens are more likely to result in analytical processing, associated with less emotional engagement and greater psychological distancing.
The confluence of psychological distancing, superficial content, and rapid shifting over daily change contributes to a feeling of being disconnected from the greater reality beyond our self and our own lives. Our lives have changed substantially since the pandemic. Social interactions have become limited by less frequent face-to-face encounters and more exchanges in virtual spaces.
The combination of lifestyle changes and tiny-screen news suggests the possibility of a transformation to a more solipsistic society with greater self-absorption, preoccupation with our own needs and desires and less attention to the lives of others. Such cultural drift is reflected in popular lyrics, such as those of Taylor Swift, who is in many ways a voice for this generation. In “Anti-Hero” on her album Midnights, Swift sang: “It’s me/Hi/I’m the problem, it’s me,” and in “Who’s Afraid of Little Old Me?” on her album The Tortured Poets Department, “So tell me everything is not about me. But what if it is?”
The potential benefits of greater self-orientation include deeper inner insights, more positive self-esteem, and enhanced self-care. Quiet meditation, calm mindfulness, and solitary walks or exercise can all be healthy forms of coping with stress and caring for oneself. But most choices involve tradeoffs. Along with benefits to the individual may come sacrificing attention to and care for others, with lower quality social interactions, fewer acts of altruism, and less awareness of the forgotten or invisible ones who have fallen through the cracks of our fast-paced busy world.
Ironically, social engagement is essential to maximizing the quality of our own lives and well-being. According to the Healthy Minds Monthly Poll by the American Psychiatric Association, early in 2024, 30% of Americans experienced feelings of loneliness at least once a week, with 30% of those aged 18 to 34 reporting that they had felt lonely every day or several times a week.
The prevalence of depression in the United States has been increasing, especially among adolescents and young adults. Recent popular music lyrics reflect an attraction to sad messages and themes, especially for younger listeners. We don’t only like interacting with others, we need to belong, relate, and live beyond our self to enjoy meaningful purposeful lives. It is not a choice between our self and others—a rich life emerges from the web of their interactions.
一、请写出下列单词词义
1. rely upon ____________________     2. scroll ____________________
3. ironically ____________________     4. portray ____________________
5. death-defying ____________________     6. rescue ____________________
7. devastated ____________________     8. nuance ____________________
9. miniature ____________________     10. sculpture ____________________
11. masterpiece ____________________     12. command ____________________
13. cognitive ____________________     14. validity  ____________________
15. conductance ____________________     16. arousal ____________________
17. reactivity ____________________     18. sheer ____________________
19. informed ____________________     20. disjointed ____________________
21. unrelenting ____________________     22. distinguishable ____________________
23. confluence ____________________     24. superficial ____________________
25. substantially ____________________     26. solipsistic ____________________
27. self-absorption ____________________     28. preoccupation ____________________
29. album ____________________    30. self-esteem ____________________
31. meditation ____________________    32. solitary ____________________
33. tradeoff ____________________    34. sacrifice ____________________
35. altruism ____________________    36. prevalence ____________________
二、用下列单词的正确形式填空
rely upon   rescue   command   informed   meditation   sacrifice  
1. He looked relaxed and totally in ______________ of himself.
2. Keep me ______________ of any developments.
3. She found peace through yoga and ______________.
4. She had despaired of ever being ______________ alive.
5. It’s wrong to ______________ quality to quantity.
6. We must ______________ and trust ourselves.
三、请翻译下列句子
1. As tech has given us greater access to an increasingly complex world, we are viewing much of it through smaller windows.

2. It is reasonable to wonder what we might be missing as we experience newsworthy events on ever smaller screens.

3. Research has shown that viewers respond with lower levels of attention and arousal when emotional content such as violence is presented on smaller screens, suggesting less emotional reactivity when news stories are viewed on mobile devices.

参考答案

一、
1. rely upon
依赖，依靠，信赖：指对某人或某物有信心或依赖，相信他们会提供所需的支持或帮助
2. scroll  英/skrəʊl/｜美/skroʊl/
n. （供书写的）长卷纸，卷轴；一卷古书（或公文、文件）；（绘制或雕刻的）涡卷形装饰；印上格言（或题字）的丝带的描绘；（视频显示器屏幕上为查看新资料而设的）显示滚动装置
v. 滚屏，滚动；使像纸卷合（或打开）那样移动
3. ironically  英/aɪˈrɒnɪkli/｜美/aɪˈrɑːnɪkli/
adv. 具有讽刺意味的是；反讽地，讽刺地
4. portray  英/pɔːˈtreɪ/｜美/pɔːrˈtreɪ/
v. 描绘，描写；（在艺术或文学作品中）描述，刻画；（在电影、戏剧等中）扮演
5. death-defying
adj. 不顾生死的
6. rescue  英/ˈreskjuː/｜美/ˈreskjuː/
v. 营救，援救；拯救，挽救（生意等）；<非正式>防止……丢失（或遭丢弃），取回
n. 营救，救援；营救行动
7. devastated  英/ˈdevəsteɪtɪd/｜美/ˈdevəsteɪtɪd/
adj. 极为震惊的，极度不安的；被彻底摧毁的，毁灭的
v. 毁坏，摧毁；使震惊，使极为悲痛（devastate的过去式和过去分词）
8. nuance  英/ˈnjuːɑːns/｜美/ˈnuːɑːns/
n. 细微差别
v. 使产生细微差别
9. miniature  英/ˈmɪnɪtʃə(r)/｜美/ˈmɪnətʃər/
adj. 微型的，小型的
n. 缩微模型，微型复制品；微型画，小画像；小瓶装酒；小种植物（或动物）；（华美装饰手稿上的）画饰，花字
10. sculpture  英/ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/｜美/ˈskʌlptʃər/
n. 雕像，雕塑作品；雕刻艺术，雕塑艺术；（动，植）（贝壳、花粉粒、角质层或其他生物体表面凸起或凹陷的）雕饰，雕纹
v. 雕刻，雕塑；从事雕刻
11. masterpiece  英/ˈmɑːstəpiːs/｜美/ˈmæstərpiːs/
n. 代表作，杰作；极好的例证；手艺人为取得大师资格并进入行会而制作的作品
12. command  英/kəˈmɑːnd/｜美/kəˈmænd/
v. 命令，下令；统率，指挥；博得，赢得；控制，掌管；居高临下，俯瞰；值（高价）
n. 命令，指示；（计算机的）指令；控制，管辖；指挥权，控制权；兵团，军区；指挥部，司令部；掌握，精通
13. cognitive  英/ˈkɒɡnətɪv/｜美/ˈkɑːɡnətɪv/
adj. 认识的，认知的
14. validity  英/vəˈlɪdəti/｜美/vəˈlɪdəti/
n. （法律上的）有效，合法，认可；真实性，正确性
15. conductance  英/kənˈdʌktəns/｜美/kənˈdʌktəns/
n. [电] 电导；导率；电导系数
16. arousal  英/əˈraʊz(ə)l/｜美/əˈraʊz(ə)l/
n. 唤起；（睡后的）清醒，醒来
17. reactivity  英/ˌriːækˈtɪvəti/｜美/ˌriːækˈtɪvəti/
n. 反应；反动
18. sheer  英/ʃɪə(r)/｜美/ʃɪr/
adj. （用于强调）纯粹的，完全的；程度深的，数量大的；陡峭的，垂直的；（织物等）极薄的，透明的
adv. 垂直地，陡峭地；<古>彻底地，完全地
v. 急转弯，突然转向；避开（不愉快的话题）
n. 精纺（或透明）织物（或物品）；（尤指船）突然偏航，突然转向；（船首及船尾处的）舷弧
19. informed  英/ɪnˈfɔːmd/｜美/ɪnˈfɔːrmd/
adj. 有知识的，了解情况的；有根据的，可靠的；明智的，有见识的
v. 通知，告知；告发，检举（inform on）；了解，熟悉（inform 的过去式和过去分词形式）
20. disjointed  英/dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/｜美/dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/
adj. 脱节的；杂乱的；脱臼的
21. unrelenting  英/ˌʌnrɪˈlentɪŋ/｜美/ˌʌnrɪˈlentɪŋ/
adj. 无情的；不屈不挠的；不松懈的
22. distinguishable  英/dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃəbl/｜美/dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃəbl/
adj. 区别得开的；可辨认的，可辨识的
23. confluence  英/ˈkɒnfluəns/｜美/ˈkɑːnfluəns/
n. （河流的）汇流点；（人或物的）聚集，合并
24. superficial  英/ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃ(ə)l/｜美/ˌsuːpərˈfɪʃ(ə)l/
adj. 粗浅的，粗略的；（思想）浅薄的，缺乏深度的；表面的，乍看起来的（尤指实际并非如此）；（伤势或伤害）表皮的；（皮肤、土壤或岩石）表层的；不重要的，无关痛痒的；<英>（建筑）面积的，平方的
25. substantially  英/səbˈstænʃəli/｜美/səbˈstænʃəli/
adv. 大量地，可观地；大体上，基本上；很坚固地
26. solipsistic  英/ˌsɒlɪpˈsɪstɪk/｜美/ˌsɑːlɪpˈsɪstɪk/
adj. 唯我论的
27. self-absorption
n. 自吸收；聚精会神；热衷；专心致志
28. preoccupation  英/priˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn/｜美/priˌɑːkjuˈpeɪʃn/
n. 使人全神贯注的事物，使人入神的事物；全神贯注，入神
29. album  英/ˈælbəm/｜美/ˈælbəm/
n. 唱片，专辑；相册，影集，集邮册
30. self-esteem  英/ˌself ɪˈstiːm/｜美/ˌself ɪˈstiːm/
n. 自尊（心）
31. meditation  英/ˌmedɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/｜美/ˌmedɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/
n. 冥想，打坐；沉思，深思；（关于某主题的）感想，沉思录
32. solitary  英/ˈsɒlətri/｜美/ˈsɑːləteri/
adj. 独自的，单独的；偏僻的，孤立的；独自完成的；（人或动物）独处的，独居的；（花或其他部分）单生的；唯一的，仅有的
n. 单独监禁；独居者，隐士
33. tradeoff  英/ˈtreɪdɒf/｜美/ˈtreɪdɔːf/
n. 权衡；折衷；（公平）交易（同 trade-off）
34. sacrifice 英/ˈsækrɪfaɪs/｜美/ˈsækrɪfaɪs/
n. 牺牲，献出；献祭，供奉；祭牲，供品；基督的献身（指耶稣被钉在十字架上）；（天主教作为献祭圣体和圣血，或新教表示感恩的）圣餐礼；（棋）（为战略或战术原因所作出的）弃子，弃卒；（棒球中）牺牲打（sacrifice bunt/fly）；（桥牌）（指在对方叫到进局定约之后的）牺牲性叫牌（sacrifice bid）
v. 牺牲，献出；献祭，以……为祭品；（棋）（故意）弃子，弃卒；（棒球）做牺牲打；（棒球）以牺牲打使（跑垒者）进垒；（桥牌）作牺牲性叫牌；亏本出售
35. altruism  英/ˈæltruɪzəm/｜美/ˈæltruɪzəm/
n. 利他；利他主义
36. prevalence  英/ˈprevələns/｜美/ˈprevələns/
n. 流行，盛行
二、
1. command    2 informed    3. meditation     4. rescued     5. sacrifice
6. rely upon
三、
1. 科技让我们有了更广阔的视野去接触这个复杂的世界，但我们的观察窗口却越来越小。
2. 当我们习惯于在越来越小的屏幕上获取新闻资讯时，不禁令人思考，我们究竟错过了多少内容？
3. 研究表明，当暴力等情绪化内容呈现在较小的屏幕上时，观众的注意力和情绪激发水平较低，这意味着在移动设备上观看新闻故事时，人们的情感反应性较弱。

参考译文：
科技让我们有了更广阔的视野去接触这个复杂的世界，但我们的观察窗口却越来越小。移动设备正成为获取新闻的主要来源，越来越多的人可以全天随时阅读新闻。然而，很多人只是匆匆浏览新闻头条，研究表明，人们在智能手机上阅读新闻的时间要比其他平台短。
讽刺的是，人们接触新闻的次数越多，新闻内容的影响力可能反而越弱。在小小的屏幕上，照片和视频真的能够充分呈现出令人叹为观止的自然风光之美、惊心动魄的救援行动，或是被战争、暴力或自然灾害而摧毁的人们的生活现实吗？2至5英寸的屏幕，又是否能完全捕捉到孩子脸上细微表情所传达出的情感变化？
在小屏幕上浏览新闻报道中所呈现的复杂现实，其影响尚未得到全面研究。然而，显而易见的是，在小屏幕上展现新闻资讯存在着重要的局限性——缺乏背景、相对比例和精细细节。名画和雕塑的照片无法完美替代原作的魅力。因此，当我们习惯于在越来越小的屏幕上获取新闻资讯时，不禁令人思考，我们究竟错过了多少内容？
研究显示，在移动设备上阅读新闻无法像其他平台一样引起人们的关注和深入思考。事实上，许多观众仅是快速浏览新闻标题，而不会花时间深入阅读新闻内容，更不用说对其真实性、相关性或意义进行思考。有关心率变化和皮肤电导水平的研究表明，人们在移动设备屏幕上观看视频新闻时，认知参与度较低。
从视觉上来说，我们习惯性认为较小的图像是从较远的物体投射出来的。因此，小尺寸的图片在心理上会拉开观众与新闻报道的距离，进而减少情感上的投入。研究表明，当暴力等情绪化内容呈现在较小的屏幕上时，观众的注意力和情绪激发水平较低，这意味着在移动设备上观看新闻故事时，人们的情感反应较弱。
如今海量的信息可能会让我们误以为自己已经全面了解了所有情况，但实际上，我们往往只是获取了零散的现实片段，而没有整体的画面来展示这些片段如何拼接在一起。不断滚动更新的新闻推送，可能让人觉得那些没有突出相对重要性的事件就毫无持久价值或意义。
滑动和滚动屏幕可能会让人感觉时间飞逝。研究发现，大屏幕能够增进情感以及行为上的信任感，因为大屏幕能够让人有更深的真实感和“身临其境”的体验。而小屏幕则更容易让人们进行分析性思考，这往往会降低情感参与并产生心理上的疏离感。
心理上的距离感、表面化的内容以及快速浏览每日新闻共同导致我们觉得自己与自我以外的更广阔现实世界脱节。自疫情爆发以来，我们的生活发生了根本性的变化。由于面对面的互动减少，更多的交流互动发生在虚拟空间中，社交互动也变得更加有限。
生活方式的改变和通过小屏幕获取新闻的习惯，预示着我们可能正向一个更加唯我主义的社会转变，人们更专注于自我，更关注自身的需求和欲望，对他人的生活关注减少。这种文化趋势也反映在流行歌词中，比如泰勒·斯威夫特的歌词，她在很多方面都是这一代人的代言人。在她的专辑《Midnights》中的歌曲《Anti-Hero》中，她唱道：“是我/嗨/问题出在我身上，就是我”，而在她的专辑《The Tortured Poets Department》中的歌曲《Who’s Afraid of Little Old Me?》中，她唱道：“所以告诉我，一切都与我无关。但如果是呢？”
更加注重自我可能带来的潜在益处包括更深入的自我认知、更积极的自我评价和更强的自我关怀。安静的冥想、平静的正念练习以及独自散步或锻炼，都是减轻压力和照顾自己的健康方式。但每一种选择都伴随着取舍。在利于个人的同时，可能也牺牲了对他人的关怀和照顾，导致社交互动质量下降、利他行为减少，以及对那些在我们快节奏、繁忙世界中被忽略或遗忘的人的关注度降低。
讽刺的是，社交互动对于提升我们自身生活的质量和幸福感至关重要。根据美国精神病学会在2024年初的《健康心智月度调查》，30%的美国人每周至少感到一次孤独，其中18至34岁的年轻人中，有30%的人报告他们每天或一周多次感到孤独。
在美国，抑郁症的发病率一直在上升，特别是在青少年和年轻成年人群中。近期流行音乐的歌词反映出年轻听众对悲伤信息和主题的偏好。事实上，我们不仅仅需要与他人互动，更是需要归属感，需要与人建立联系，需要超越自我，才能过上有意义、有目的的生活。我们并不需要在自我和他人之间做选择——真正丰富的生活源于我们与他人互动的网络。