2024新高三·英语暑假作业 第3周 第3天

2024新高三·英语暑假作业

第3周 第3天

______月______日    星期__________    姓名：__________

【阅读训练】
一、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Books That Celebrate Diverse Holidays and Traditions
It’s important to remember there are a diverse set of holidays available to explore. Below are a few books that help introduce children to different holiday cultures and traditions.
Too Many Tamales by Gary Soto, illustrated by Ed Martinez
While helping her mother with Christmas celebration, Maria is tempted to try on her mother’s diamond ring. After getting caught up in the joy of the holiday and playing with her cousins, Maria realizes the ring is missing! That’s when she and her cousins come up with a plan to eat all of the tamales, in hopes of finding the ring.
Together for Kwanzaa by Juwanda G. Ford, illustrated by Shelly Hehenberger
This is a story about a little girl named Kayla who wants to see her older brother Khari come home so they can celebrate Kwanzaa together as a family. Khari is stuck at college when a snowstorm hits and his car breaks down. Will he make it home in time for Kwanzaa?
A Child’s Christmas in Wales by Dylan Thomas, illustrated by Trina Schart Hyman
This book is a funny, nostalgic tale of Christmas Eve afternoon through Christmas night in Wales, and is full of unique imagery and poetic prose. It will arouse a sense of familiarity for some young readers while introducing them to different aspects of Christmas traditions.
We Are Grateful: Otsaliheliga by Traci Sorell, illustrated by Frane Lessac
The word otsaliheliga is used by members of the Cherokee Nation to express gratitude. This is an amazing story that describes a journey through the seasons with a modern-day Cherokee family. Cherokee history and traditions are also woven into the story in a very kid-friendly way.
1. What makes it difficult for Khari to return home in time for Kwanzaa?
A. A car crash.    B. Delayed flights.   
C. Extreme weather.    D. Academic pressure.
2. Who provides pictures for A Child’s Christmas in Wales?
A. Traci Sorell.    B. Ed Martinez.   
C. Dylan Thomas.    D. Trina Schart Hyman.
3. The four books all inform readers of ______.
A. how to find hidden treasures at home   
B. how to strengthen bonds with friends
C. the lifestyles of different ethnic groups   
D. different holiday celebrations and customs
B
18 years ago, a 14-year-old boy from Kasungu district in Malawi was forced to drop out of school for lack of fees. At the same time, a severe famine was destroying his village, claiming people’s lives and leaving desperation in its wake.
This was a situation to break the strongest of minds but William Kamkwamba did not give up. Young as he was, he knew that education was where his future lay. He found hope in the library and feasted on the knowledge that he harvested from its books. It was there that he came across a science textbook entitled Using Energy. He learned that he could generate electricity using wind. The youngster realized that, if mastered, this power could help his village in exceptional ways.
Armed with determination and an iron will, the teenager set out to build a windmill out of random materials from a scrapyard (垃圾场). Though his outside world was collapsing to dust, the youngster did not hesitate about his purpose. He defended himself from all doubt and criticism. He worked tirelessly until his dream of bringing electricity to his village became reality. Soon, he was caught in the center of media attention that took him to new places that he would never have stepped on without his invention.
In his village, the dust has not settled yet and the winds of change continue to blow across the land. Windmills pump water to irrigate crops, sweeping away another period of hunger. William’s former primary school boasts new and stronger buildings, thanks to the help of well-wishers and the villagers’ united efforts.
What seemed like a hopeless situation has been turned into an inspirational story that motivates each and every one of us, persuading us that no misfortune is set in stone. William refused to be a school drop-out forever. He sought solutions for his problems and continued fighting even when the going got tough. He was able to rise above poverty to become a graduate from one of America’s best universities, Dartmouth College.
4. What inspired William to bring electricity to his village?
A. His realization of the impact of electricity.
B. His awareness of the role of education.
C. The science textbook entitled Using Energy.
D. The severe famine destroying his village.
5. What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A. All people didn’t support William’s dream at first.
B. The public had little interest in William’s invention.
C. The invention enabled William to make a big fortune.
D. The windmill is energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.
6. What does the underlined words “set in stone” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Visible.    B. Avoidable.        
C. Unchangeable.    D. Unpredictable.
7. What message does the author want to convey in this story?
A. Knowledge feasts mind and education promises wealth.
B. Necessity inspires invention and hardship makes heroes.
C. Criticism promotes success and doubt facilitates creation.
D. Adversity motivates inspiration and support pushes solutions.
C
If you live in a region where winter weather is a regular risk, you are likely used to pouring salt on your sidewalks. But how does it work? And how much salt do humans pour onto our planet’s surface? The second question is easier to answer: a lot.
Salt doesn’t directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear. Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression. In the case of simple rock salt, which is a rawer, less pure version of table salt, each molecule (分子) splits into smaller elements. Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur.
But if salt needs to interact with liquid water, how does it do anything when temperatures are stubbornly below freezing, and water should already be in the form of ice? That’s where cars help clear their own way by creating friction and, in turn, heat. The friction allows for the ice that has already frozen to melt a little bit, making it unlikely to freeze.
Beyond rock salt’s ability to clear icy streets, it can also be destructive. Chloride ions (氯离子) can cause wear and tear on vehicles and facilities. Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water.
Many local governments are looking for alternatives to rock salt. Other salts such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride work in the same way as rock salt, and they’re perhaps even more efficient. Some experiments are testing other ice-preventing solutions, including those that contain sugars instead of or in addition to salts. Another approach relies more heavily on sand, which can mechanically make roads safer. All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition — a Herculean task when winter brings its worst.
8. What’s the purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 2?
A. To introduce the topic.    B. To give some evidence.
C. To define the phenomenon.    D. To reveal the misconception.
9. How does salt work to disturb the process of freezing?
A. By lowering the temperature.
B. By melting and splitting itself.
C. By lining up to form a solid structure.
D. By stopping the formation of the structure.
10. What does the underlined word “densities” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Concentrations.    B. Weights.   
C. Qualities.    D. Salts.
11. What’s the last paragraph mainly talking about?
A. Other salts won’t disturb local ecology.
B. Efforts are being made to guarantee safe travels.
C. Many alternatives are available to solve the problem.
D. Bitter winter make it impossible to secure road safety.
D
An ancient, interdependent relationship that contributes to food systems and ecosystem stability across the globe could be changing.
Many flowering plants can self-pollinate (自花传粉), or transfer pollen between their own blossoms for seed generation and reproduction, but most of these plants have relied on pollinators such as butterflies and bees to reproduce. Now — during declines reported in many pollinator populations — a new study on the evolution of one flower species’ mating system has revealed a remarkable change that could worsen the challenges faced by the plants’ insect partners.
The flowers’ reproductive evolution may be linked to environmental changes such as habitat destruction and rapid ongoing decreases in pollinator biodiversity, according to Samson Acoca-Pidolle who led the study published December 19 in the journal New Phytologist.
Comparing seeds of wild field pansies (三色堇) collected decades ago in France with the plants’ modern descendants, Acoca-Pidolle and his colleagues discovered that today’s flowers are smaller and produce less nectar (花蜜) as a result of increased self-pollination, which has direct impacts on pollinator behavior. The pansies of the past self-fertilized less and attracted far more pollinators than those of the present, according to the study.
“It seems that it’s only traits (特性) that are involved in plant-pollinator interaction that are evolving,” said Acoca-Pidolle. The changes could restrict the plants’ ability to adapt to future environmental changes and have implications for “all of floral biodiversity” — potentially decreasing flowering plants’ genetic, species and ecosystem variation.
“This may increase the pollinator decline and cause a negative feedback cycle,” study coauthor Pierre-Olivier Cheptou told CNN. “If plants produce less nectar, there will be less food available to pollinators, which will in turn accelerate the rate at which the animals’ numbers decrease,” he explained. “The major message is that we are currently seeing the evolutionary breakdown of plant pollinators in the wild,” said Cheptou, an evolutionary ecologist at the French National Centre for Scientific Research and professor at the University of Montpellier.
12. Which of the following may contribute to the flowers’ reproductive evolution?
A. Changed behaviour of pollinators.
B. Severe pollution to the habitats.
C. Continuing decline in pollinator biodiversity.
D. Increased plant-pollinator interaction.
13. Why were pansies in the past larger and produced more nectar?
A. They self-pollinated less.    B. They had a better mating system.
C. They attracted less pollinators.    D. They were fertilized by themselves.
14.What is the result of the changes in the flowers’ reproductive evolution?
A. The flowering plants may have more variations.
B. The evolution of wild plant pollinators is collapsing.
C. The numbers of the animals will increase more rapidly.
D. The plants will adapt to the environmental changes better.
15.Which is the best title for the text?
A. Pollinator Populations: Declining.
B. Flowering Plants: Selfing.
C. Interdependent Relationship: Maintaining.
D. Floral Diversity: Increasing.
二、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Protect Against Undue Influence Online
The potential for undue influence has become increasingly significant in this era of digital interconnectivity. Undue influence can affect our perceptions and influence our decisions. It may even endanger our autonomy (自主) and mental health.   1  
Understand what undue influence is
The first step to protecting yourself is understanding what undue influence is. Undue influence refers to a situation in which an individual or group employs unreasonable control over another person’s behavior information, thoughts, and emotions.   2   Disinformation campaigns, persuasive advertising, and even content designed to cause fear, uncertainty, or dependency may often appear online.
Develop media literacy skills
In an age of fake news, it is crucial to develop media literacy skills.   3   Become a consumer who can tell the quality of information, identify the source, check for credibility, and look for your unconscious assumptions and preferences.
4  
Delete as much data as you can about yourself. Be mindful of what information you share online, and always ensure that your online activities are secured through reliable sources. Review all policies on platforms, especially “free” ones. If you aren’t paying, then you are the product, as in many cases, they are selling your data.
By including these steps into your digital life, you can protect yourself from undue influence in the online world, ensuring that you can think and act independently, free from ill control.
  5   It is your mind. Only you should control it!
A. Prioritize privacy
B. Be mindful of free ones
C. It’s vital to have a healthy Internet and real-life balance.
D. In the digital world, undue influence can take many forms.
E. Everyone deserves the right to live free from undue influence.
F. They involve analyzing, evaluating, and creating media in various forms.
G. Here are some essential strategies for you to protect yourself online from undue influence.

参考答案
一、
A
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本庆祝不同节日和传统的书籍。
1. C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Khari is stuck at college when a snowstorm hits and his car breaks down. (Khari被困在大学里，一场暴风雪来袭，他的车坏了。)”可知，Khari难以及时回家参加宽扎节是极端天气导致的结果。故选C。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第三个小标题“A Child’s Christmas in Wales by Dylan Thomas, illustrated by Trina Schart Hyman（迪伦·托马斯的《威尔士孩子的圣诞节》，由特瑞娜·沙尔特·海曼插画）”可知，Trina Schart Hyman（特瑞娜·沙尔特·海曼）为《威尔士孩子的圣诞节》提供图片。故选D。
3. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Below are a few books that help introduce children to different holiday cultures and traditions.（下面是一些帮助孩子们了解不同节日文化和传统的书籍。）”可知，这四本书的共同点是向读者介绍不同的节日庆祝活动和习俗。故选D。
B
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫William Kamkwamba的男孩如何通过自学和坚持不懈，为自己和村庄带来了电力，并最终成了一名大学毕业生。
4. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was there that he came across a science textbook entitled Using Energy. He learned that he could generate electricity using wind. The youngster realized that, if mastered, this power could help his village in exceptional ways.”可知，这个年轻人通过那本书掌握了风能发电，他意识到，如果掌握了这种力量，能以特殊的方式帮助他的村庄。故选C。
5. A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He defended himself from all doubt and criticism.”可知，最初并不是所有人都支持他的梦想。故选A。
6. C 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“What seemed like a hopeless situation has been turned into an inspirational story”可知，看似绝望的局面已经变成了一个鼓舞人心的故事，那么“no misfortune is set in stone”意味着没有不幸是不可改变的，因此“set in stone”意为“不可改变的”，故选C。
7. B 推理判断题。根据全文信息，这个小男孩通过自己的努力和坚持，最终为村庄带来了电力，同时也提升了自己。这传递出这样一个信息：逆境激发创新，困难造就英雄。从William的故事中看出，他面对困难时没有放弃，而是通过创新找到了解决问题的方法。故选B。
C
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在冬天通过在路面撒盐来缓解雪后因道路结冰而造成的交通安全问题，并就此所带来的环境问题进行科普。
8. D 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Salt doesn’t directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear.（盐不会直接融化冰，也不会让雪消失。）”以及第二句“Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression.（相反，它使水更不容易冻结，这种现象被称为冰点降低。）”可知，第二段第一句的目的是揭示一个错误认知，纠正盐直接使雪和冰融化的错误想法。故选D。
9. D 细节理解题。根据第二段“Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur.（正常情况下，当水结冰时，它的分子会排成一行，形成一个稳定有序的结构。然而，盐会打断这一过程，而温度必须降得更低，才能克服这种干扰，从而发生冻结。）”可知，盐会干扰水分子在结冰时形成稳定、有序的结构。故选D。
10. A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，该处指氯离子的浓度增加会使当地生态系统受到干扰，并使饮用水源退化。所以划线词的意思是“浓度”。故选A。
11. B 主旨大意题。根据最后一段，尤其是“All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition…（所有这些试验都是为了确保人们在任何天气条件下都能出行）”可知，本段主要阐述地方政府正在努力确保冰雪天气人们出行安全。故选B。
D
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了传粉昆虫数量下降对植物繁殖进化的影响，以及这种变化对生态系统可能产生的负面效应。
12. C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，花的生殖进化可能与环境变化有关，如栖息地破坏和传粉生物多样性的快速下降。故选C。
13. A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Acoca-Pidolle and his colleagues discovered that today’s flowers are smaller and produce less nectar (花蜜) as a result of increased self-pollination, which has direct impacts on pollinator behavior.”可知，与现代的三色堇相比，过去的三色堇自花传粉较少，因此吸引了更多的传粉者。故选A。
14. B 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The changes could restrict the plants’ ability to adapt to future environmental changes and have implications for “all of floral biodiversity” — potentially decreasing flowering plants’ genetic, species and ecosystem variation.”可知，这些变化可能限制植物适应未来环境变化的能力，并对所有花卉生物多样性产生影响。“have implications for ‘all of floral biodiversity’”暗示野生植物传粉者的进化正在崩溃。故选B。
15. B 标题概括题。文章主要讨论了开花植物自花传粉的进化及其对传粉者的影响，因此最佳标题是“Flowering Plants: Selfing”。故选B。
二、
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何有效防范网络不良影响，保护自身安全。
1. G 设空处为首段段尾。空前说“在数字互联的时代，不当影响的潜在影响力变得越来越重要。不当影响会影响我们的感知并左右我们的决定，甚至可能危及我们的自主权和心理健康”。下文列举了一些应对网络不良影响的措施。因此，G项“以下是一些保护自己免受不当影响的重要策略”承上启下，符合语境。
2. D 段落小标题为“了解什么是不良影响”。空后说“虚假信息宣传、有说服力的广告，甚至旨在制造恐惧、不确定性或依赖性的内容，经常会在网络上出现”，列举了网络上引起不良影响的各种形式。因此，D项“在数字世界中，不当影响可以呈现多种形式”引出下文，符合语境。
3. F 段落小标题为“培养媒体素养”。空前说“在虚假新闻泛滥的时代，发展媒体素养技能至关重要”。空后说“成为一个能够辨别信息质量、识别信息来源、检查信息可信度，并审视自己潜意识假设和偏好的消费者”。因此，F项“这涉及对各种形式的媒体进行分析、评估和创造”承上启下，符合语境。且F项中的“they”指代前句中的“media literacy skills”。
4. A 设空处为段落小标题。下文提到了尽可能删除关于自己的数据、注意在网络上分享的信息和审查所有平台的政策，这些都与保护个人隐私有关。因此，A项“优先考虑隐私”符合语境。
5. E 空后说“这是你的头脑，只有你应该掌控它！”。因此，E项“每个人都应该有权过上不受不当影响的自由生活”引出下文，符合语境。