【2024一轮复习】语法专项——时态和语态

【2024一轮复习】语法专项——时态和语态

真题链接
1. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still __________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. (2023全国甲卷)
2. Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I __________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. (2023全国乙卷)
3. The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, __________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. (2023全国乙卷)
4. As a little girl, I __________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. (2023新高考II卷)
5. In the last five years, Cao __________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. (2022全国甲卷)
6. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society __________ (address) the opening ceremony. (2022全国乙卷)
7. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. (2022新高考I卷)
8. The GPNP __________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. (2022新高考I卷)
9. Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. (2022新高考II卷)
10. He quickly __________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. (2022新高考II卷)
11. As it __________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. (2021北京)
12. There __________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years. (2021北京)
13. It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 __________ (consider) healthy. (2021浙江)
14. The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain _________ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. (2021浙江)
15. The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history.
It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). (2021全国甲卷)
16. We __________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi’an City Wall. (2021全国甲卷)
17. What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it __________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. (2021新高考I卷)
18. I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to __________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company representative wrote back and told me ... (2021新高考II卷)
19. Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food __________ (need). (2020年7月浙江)
20. By about 6,000 BC, people __________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. (2020年7月浙江)
21. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with the rise of science, changes began. New methods __________ (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. (2020年7月浙江)
22. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — __________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. (2020全国Ⅰ卷)
23. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 __________ (be) 30. (2020年1月浙江)
24. Because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________ (construct). (2020全国Ⅰ卷)
25. However, greater attention should _________ (place) on longevity (长寿). (2020年1月浙江)
26. On the last day of our week-long stay, we __________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. (2019全国Ⅲ卷)
27. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut __________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. (2019全国Ⅰ卷)
28. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene __________ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. (2019全国Ⅱ卷)
29. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __________ (make) over the years. (2019全国Ⅱ卷)
30. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. (2019全国Ⅲ卷)
31. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody __________ (have) to worry about fashion (时尚). (2019浙江)
32. One study in America found that students’ grades __________ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. (2019浙江)
模拟试题
I. 单句语法填空
1. China is widely known for its ancient civilization, which __________ (continue) all the way through into modern times.
2. Sometimes a report __________ (divide) into a number of categories.
3. According to HuffPost, more than 3 million people in the United States are vegans. In the UK, about 542,000 people __________ (choose) veganism over the past decade.
4. Quanzhou is also known for its thriving private economy. The past four decades __________ (see) the birth of tens of thousands of private businesses and hundreds of famous brands.
5. They made up their minds that they __________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.
6. Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles __________ (use) mostly in cosmetics production, face washes, toothpastes and other products. When we use these things, the plastic microbeads get into our pipes that carry water, and eventually end up in the ocean.
7. Hot pot restaurants can __________ (find) on pretty much every street in Chengdu, but the quality and taste can vary hugely.
8. This was the first time I __________ (experience) sandstorms and I don’t ever want to be in one again. (2021沈阳监测)
9. Greta Thunberg, a 16­year­old Swedish climate change activist, __________ (elect) as 2019’s “Person of The Year” last week.
10. Eggs are great for breakfast and can __________ (cook) in different ways. One topic of debate, however, is why brown chicken eggs usually cost more than white ones.
11. At present, Tech giants Apple and Google __________ (team) up to create a system that would let smartphone users know when they’ve come into contact with someone who has COVID-19.
12. In the 1950s, it __________ (be) a poor area and everything there was very cheap.
13. He said what he had hoped __________ (be) that the smiling would ease him to the finishing line.
14. Then it __________ (find) some food in bins outside a restaurant and started eating.
15. Thinking about the positive feedback he got from those who __________ (taste) his fried chicken, the old man decided that he was not going to settle for a quiet retirement.
16. In the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of animal bones and shells on which symbols __________ (carve) by ancient Chinese people.
17. In 1976, he __________ (rank) as the world’s second recognizable celebrity.
18. Scientists say monarchs will be in danger of dying out in the next 20 years if nothing _______ (do) to save them.
19. At that time, despite its long history and many treasures, the cathedral __________ (need) the help of a writer to become truly famous.
20. After the rubbish __________ (sort), it needs to be collected and then taken to different rubbish recycling centers.
21. It’s not the only major forest in danger. Nearly half of the world’s forests that __________ (stand) when humans started farming are now gone.
22. Environmental groups say these activities can __________ (slow) in a much more sustainable way.
23. While this once __________ (mean) getting outside and enjoying life, more people are remaining indoors thanks to smartphones and many other modern conveniences.
24. It is believed that the first chopsticks __________ (develop) over 5,000 years ago in China.
25. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols __________ (become) a well-developed writing system.
26. In the mid-1800s, British and American English further developed in different ways and “fall” was the common word for “autumn” in the US, while “autumn” __________ (regard) as the word for “fall” in Britain.
27. The problem is that once something __________ (put) on the Internet, it can be difficult to remove.
28. “It gets to the point where they’re on the phone constantly and most of them __________ (play) games all the time,” Pettit said.
29. Mr. Perkins always __________ (wear) the same clothes as other men and ate the same food as other people.
30. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can (垃圾桶) that __________ (leave) out on the footpath.
31. Three years ago, he __________ (seek) assistance at a recovery center, the very large tent city in downtown LA.
32. Meanwhile, as the construction goes on, more roads __________ (build).
33. Her only chance of recovery appeared to lie in a blood transfusion (输血) from her 5-year-old brother, who __________ (develop) the antibodies (抗体) needed to fight against the illness.
34. The villagers are very friendly. All the visitors to the village __________ (treat) with kindness.
35. If these surfaces __________ (touch), the virus may be on your hands.
36. You are not allowed to go into the meeting room. A secret plan __________ (discuss) there.
Ⅱ. 语篇语法填空
Passage 1
Ocean pollution 1. __________ (be) serious. It can kill ocean creatures and even harm humans. It’s vital to focus on this issue and find ways to prevent pollution in our waters.
Pollution in the oceans severely 2. __________ (harm) sea creatures. For example, ocean animals often mistake pieces of plastic for food. As a result, their bellies 3. __________ (fill) with plastic from bottles, containers and beach toys. This can be deadly to the animals.
Ocean pollution 4. __________ (cause) risks to humans, too. Polluted water can result in disease among swimmers. Also, people eat fish which might 5. __________ (poison) with harmful chemicals from oil leaks and rubbish in sea water.
Some people may argue that ocean pollution is not serious, believing that the oceans are so vast that they can absorb all kinds of pollution. However, the many examples of ocean creatures killed by pollution prove them wrong.
In conclusion, it’s clear that ocean pollution is a challenging problem. We need to learn more about how to stop it.
Passage 2
These days, both women and men 1. __________ (surround) by magazines and websites full of tips on dieting, exercise and fashion. Gone 2. __________ (be) the days when all men had to think about wearing a nice suit to be smart and handsome. Things 3. __________ (change).
Now, a survey has suggested that 80% of men admit being unhappy about their bodies. The biggest body issues for them are beer bellies and lack of muscles. Some think this sudden vanity is
due to the pressure or influence of models we 4. __________ (see) on TV and in magazines. People end up with a perception of what the perfect body should look like. But not everybody
5. __________ (want) to put in the effort to have perfect muscles like Arnold Schwarzenegger. An opportunistic designer has even 6. __________ (invent) the muscle-enhancing shirt to make the buyer look more of a hunk (猛男).
But Joe Warner, the former editor of Men’s Fitness magazine, thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just a trick. He thinks many people in the country are overweight and should accept that they need to do more exercise regularly. Exercise is always good. But we mustn’t forget beauty is only skin-deep. Character is more important than appearance.
Passage 3
It is widely accepted that optimistic attitudes promote health as well as happiness. The secret of a long life 1. __________ (seek) for a long time. Today we can reveal it: always look on the bright side. A huge research project which 2. __________ (lead) by scientists at Boston University School of Medicine 3. __________ (conclude) that optimists live longer.
Lewina Lee, lead author of the study, said, “A lot of evidence 4. __________ (suggest) that exceptional longevity 5. __________ (accompany) widely by a longer span of good health and living without disability. Therefore, our findings raise an exciting possibility that we may be able to promote health and happiness by developing positive attitudes such as optimism.”
However, the study doesn’t suggest that we should aim for great pleasure. Sadness is an important part of the human condition. Any normal person sometimes 6. __________ (experience) disappointment and the loss of loved ones. But for many people, these matters of human existence 7. __________ (transform) into an abnormal state of despair. There 8. __________ (be) a vital place in public health for providing mental treatment in helping to correct these cognitive errors.

参考答案

真题链接
1. be employed 考查动词的语态。句意：一种世代相传的简单文学形式（寓言），今天仍然可以用来吸引人们去关注重要的真理。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句缺少谓语动词。从句主语“a simple literal form”与employ之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
2. was amazed 考查动词的时态和语态。根据空后的介词by可知，主语I与动词amaze之间为被动关系，再根据该句中的“was able to”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was amazed。
3. means 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，主语为“development”，是第三人称单数，且整句陈述的是现在的情况，谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填means。
4. wished 考查动词的时态。此处表示当我还是一个小女孩时，我希望长大后成为一个动物园饲养员，表示过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填wished。
5. has walked 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据空前的“In the last five years”可知，该空应用现在完成时态。主语Cao是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has walked。
6. addressed 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，根据语境可知，“致开幕词”是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填addressed。
7. were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少定语从句中的谓语动词，先行词是areas，应用be动词的复数形式；空后有时间状语previously（以前，先前），应用一般过去时。故填were。
8. is designed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，因主语“The GPNP”与动词“design”之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态；句子陈述的是现在的状态，应用一般现在时；主语为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is designed。
9. was fixing 考查动词的时态。句意：听到喊叫时，亨利正在修车。根据空后的“when he heard the screams”可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。故填was fixing。
10. threw 考查动词的时态。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出双臂跑了起来。根据句子结构可知，设空处与空后的started是并列关系，应该使用一般过去时。故填threw。
11. connects 考查动词的时态。根据句意可知，此处是在解释大脑运转的方式，应该用一般现在时态。故填connects。
12. has been 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“over the past 20 years”可知，主句应该用现在完成时态。故填has been。
13. is considered 考查动词的语态。根据句意可知，介于18和25之间的体质指数被认为是健康的。体质指数BMI和谓语动词consider之间构成被动关系，故此处应该用被动语态。另外，该句是在陈述客观事实，应该用一般现在时态。故填is considered。
14. was 考查动词的时态。根据上句介绍的时间段可知，本句接续上句，介绍的依然是1985年到2017年（过去的时间段）的情况，应该用一般过去时态。故填was。
15. was built 考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，这里介绍的是过去发生在唐朝的情况，所以应该用一般过去时态；另外，主语It是第三人称单数，和谓语动词build构成被动关系。故填was built。
16. hired 考查动词的时态。根据下文语境可知，这里在讲述过去发生的事情，因此应用一般过去时态。故填hired。
17. was 考查主谓一致和时态。主语it是第三人称单数，时间状语是then。故填was。
18. was 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词wrote以及上下文语境可知，这里描述发生在过去的事情，空处应用一般过去时态；“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故填was。
19. was needed 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：而且，由于更多的孩子出生，就需要更多的食物。根据上下文语境可知，此处应用一般过去时态，主语“more food”和谓语动词need之间构成被动关系，且主语“more food”是不可数名词。故填was needed。
20. had discovered 考查动词的时态。句意：到公元前六千年，人们已经发现了最好的可种植的农作物和最好的可饲养的动物。此处所填单词作句子的谓语，且由时间状语“By about 6,000 BC”可知，此处应用过去完成时。故填had discovered。
21. meant 考查动词的时态。句意：新的方法意味着更少的人从事农业工作。此处所填单词作句子的谓语，且由上文语境及后面宾语从句中的worked可知，此处应用一般过去时态。故填meant。
22. touched 考查动词的时态。句意：嫦娥四号无人探测器——其命名是从中国古代的一位月亮女神那里得到的启发——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。由时间状语“last week”可知，此处应用一般过去时态。故填touched。
23. was 考查动词的时态。句意：1950年美国人年龄的中位数是30岁。所填单词作句子的谓语，且根据时间状语“in 1950”可知，此处应用一般过去时态。故填was。
24. is constructed 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：因为这意味着我们有机会获得有关月球构造的信息。此处所填单词作宾语从句的谓语，同时表示被动关系；且此处描述的是客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is constructed。
25. be placed 考查动词的语态。句意：然而，应该更大程度地关注长寿（这个因素）。主语attention和谓语动词place构成被动关系，故此处应用被动语态；且由情态动词should可知，此处应用助动词be构成被动语态。故填be placed。
26. were invited 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：我们受邀参加了一场私人音乐会。结合句意可知，这里表达的是“被邀请”之意，因此应用被动语态；再根据时间状语“On the last day of our week-long stay”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填were invited。
27. have reported 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词和主语之间是主动关系；根据句中的时间状语“In recent years”可知，本句应用现在完成时；且主语“some Inuit people”是复数形式。故填have reported。
28. declared 考查动词的时态。根据从句的谓语动词had以及全句意思可知，主句应用一般过去时，故此处填过去式。故填declared。
29. have made 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“over the years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填have made。
30. recommended 考查动词的时态。根据and可知，所填单词与前面的shared构成并列谓语结构。故填recommended。
31. has/will have 考查动词的时态。根据“When every pupil in the school wears”可知，此处可用一般现在时表示一般事实，或用一般将来时表示将要发生的动作。故填has/will have。
32. improved 考查动词的时态。根据动词“found”可知，that引导的宾语从句应用相应的过去时态，根据句意可知此处应用一般过去时态。故填improved。

模拟试题
I. 单句语法填空
1. has continued 考查动词的时态。句意：中国因其古老的文明而广为人知，这一文明一直延续到现代。分析句子结构可知，后半句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，该从句中“持续”这一动作发生在过去，持续到现在，故此处应用现在完成时；先行词civilization作“文明”讲，为不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填has continued。
2. is divided 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：有时一份报告会分成许多类别。所填单词作句子的谓语，主语report与谓语动词divide构成被动关系，且由标志词sometimes知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语为单数名词report，谓语动词应用单数。故填is divided。
3. have chosen 考查动词的时态。句意：据《赫芬顿邮报》报道，美国有超过三百万人都是纯素食主义者。在过去的十年间，英国大约有54.2万人选择了素食。根据时间状语over the past decade可知，句子应用现在完成时态。故填have chosen。
4. has seen/have seen 考查动词的时态。句意：在过去的四十年里，数以万计的私营企业和数百个著名品牌应运而生。分析句子结构可知，The past four decades是句子的主语，它作主语时，既可以理解为一个整体，单数概念，也可以理解为复数概念，所以谓语动词既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式，另外，根据句意可知，此处表示“过去的四十年见证了……”，该动作从过去一直持续到现在，所以用现在完成时态。故填has seen/have seen。
5. would buy 考查动词的时态。句意：他们决定一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买个新房子。that引导的从句为复合句，其中once引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，故主句用过去将来时。故填would buy。
6. are used 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：塑料微珠或细小的固体塑料微粒在化妆品、洗面奶、牙膏和其他产品中被广泛使用。该段的主时态是一般现在时，Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles和use之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are used。
7. be found 考查动词的语态。句子主语Hot pot restaurants和谓语动词find之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态，又因为谓语动词的前面有情态动词can。故填be found。
8. had experienced 考查动词时态。此题考查固定句式“This was the first time that sb. had done sth.”，因此从句用过去完成时。故填had experienced。
9. was elected 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知，主语Greta Thunberg和elect之间是被动关系，另外，由时间状语last week判断，该句应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是单数。故填was elected。
10. be cooked 考查动词的语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且can后跟动词原形。故填be cooked。
11. are teaming 考查动词的时态。句意：目前，科技巨头苹果公司和谷歌公司正在合作开发一个系统，可以让智能手机用户知道他们是否接触了新冠肺炎患者。根据时间状语at present可知，句子叙述现在正在发生的情况，因此应用现在进行时be doing，表示现阶段正在进行的动作；主语Tech giants Apple and Google中giants是复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式。故填are teaming。
12. was考查动词的时态。句意：在20世纪50年代，它还是一个贫穷的地区，那里的所有东西都很廉价。根据时间状语In the 1950s可知，设空处应用一般过去时。故填was。
13. was考查动词的时态。句意：他说他所希望的是，微笑会使他轻松地到达终点线。主句是一般过去时态，设空处是宾语从句的谓语，表示过去的情况，时态应该和主句保持一致，需用一般过去时。故填was。
14. found 考查动词的时态。句意：然后，它在一家餐馆外面的垃圾箱里找到一些食物，开始吃起来。根据本句中的另一个谓语动词started（一般过去时）可知，设空处应用一般过去时。故填found。
15. had tasted 考查动词的时态。句意：考虑到来自那些品尝过他的炸鸡的人的正面反馈，这位老人决定他不会安于平静的退休生活。设空处表示的行为先于got（一般过去时），表示“过去的过去”，因此需用过去完成时。故填had tasted。
16. were carved 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：一开始，汉语书面语是一种基于图画的语言。它可以追溯到几千年前古代中国人在动物的骨头和贝壳上雕刻的一些符号。本句中on which symbols __________ (carve) by ancient Chinese people为定语从句，设空处作定语从句的谓语，介绍过去的行为，需用一般过去时态，且symbols与动词carve为被动关系，故设空处需用被动语态。故填were carved。
17. was ranked 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在1976年，他被评定为世界上第二大公众名人。根据时间状语In 1976可知，设空处用一般过去时，且主语he与动词rank为被动关系，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态形式。故填was ranked。
18. is done 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：科学家们说如果不采取任何措施来拯救它们，在未来20年里，帝王蝶将面临灭绝的危险。根据本句中的will be（一般将来时）可知，if引导的状语从句应该用一般现在时表示将来，此外，nothing与do为被动关系，故设空处用被动语态。综上所述，设空处填一般现在时的被动语态形式。故填is done。
19. needed 考查动词的时态。句意：在那个时候，大教堂尽管历史悠久，藏宝众多，但需要一位作家的帮助才能真正出名。由时间状语At that time可知，本句应用一般过去时。故填needed。
20. is sorted 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：垃圾分类后，需要收集，然后送到不同的垃圾回收中心。根据主句动词needs可知本空应用一般现在时；主语the rubbish和sort之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is sorted。
21. had stood 考查动词的时态。句意：它并非唯一一片面临危险的主要森林。当人类开始耕种时就已经存在于世界上的森林，现在几乎一半都消失了。所填单词作定语从句的谓语。根据句意可知，此处应该用过去完成时态。故填had stood。
22. be slowed 考查动词的语态。句意：环保组织称，能够以一种更可持续的方式来延缓这些行动。these activities与slow之间为被动关系，同时slow又是在情态动词can之后。故填be slowed。
23. meant 考查动词的时态。句意：虽然这曾经是一种外出享受生活的方式，但由于智能手机和许多其他现代化的便利设施的出现，现在更多的人留在了室内。根据once“曾经”可知，此处需要用一般过去时。故填meant。
24. were developed 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：据认为，最早的筷子是5,000多年前在中国发明的。主语从句的主语是复数名词chopsticks，和谓语动词develop构成被动关系；再根据时间状语over 5,000 years ago可知，此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were developed。
25. had become 考查动词的时态。句意：到了商代，这些符号已经成为一种很发达的文字体系。根据时间状语By the Shang Dynasty可知，设空处表示“到过去某一时间的行为”，需用过去完成时态。故填had become。
26. was regarded 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：19世纪中叶，英式英语和美式英语以不同的方式得到进一步发展；fall在美国是“秋天”的常用词，而在英国autumn则被视为“秋天”的用词。所填单词作句子的谓语，根据上文中的时态，再结合autumn和regard构成被动关系可知，此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态；且主语autumn为第三人称单数。故填was regarded。
27. is put/has been put 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：问题是，某样东西一旦被放到互联网上，就很难删除。句子主语something为第三人称单数形式，和谓语动词put之间是被动关系，结合句意可知，此处用一般现在时或现在完成时态的被动语态都可以。故填is put/has been put。
28. are playing 考查动词的时态。根据句子结构可知，该空填谓语动词，同时该句在引号里面，全句都用现在范畴的时态，而all the time又提示他们大部分人一直都在玩游戏。all the time与现在进行时连用表示说话人的一种情感，此处表示Pettit的不满情绪。故填are playing。
29. wore 考查动词的时态。根据句子结构可知，此处所填单词作谓语，和后面的谓语动词ate构成并列成分，因为ate是一般过去时态，故此处应该用动词的过去形式。故填wore。
30. had been left 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处应用被动语态，表示“被遗漏”；再结合said以及had found可知，空处的动作发生在过去的过去，故应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been left。
31. sought 考查动词的时态。句意：三年前，他在洛杉矶市中心很大的帐篷城——康复中心寻求帮助。根据Three years ago可知，句子应用一般过去时态。故填sought。
32. will be built 考查动词的时态和语态。所填单词作谓语，主语和该动词之间构成被动关系。再根据句意，此处表示将来发生的动作，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be built。
33. had developed 考查动词的时态。此处的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。故填had developed。
34. are treated 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。根据上一句的时态可知此处应用一般现在时，这两句话都在陈述客观事实；由于主语All the visitors和动词treat之间为被动关系，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are treated。
35. are touched 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：如果触摸了这些表面，那么病毒可能会出现你的手上。本句中主语these surfaces与谓语动词touch构成被动关系；且描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为surfaces，谓语动词应用复数。故填are touched。
36. is being discussed 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。此处指“正在会议室讨论一个秘密计划”，因此用现在进行时，由于主语plan和动词discuss之间为被动关系，所以此处用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being discussed。
II. 语篇语法填空
Passage 1
1. is 考查动词的时态。句意：海洋污染很严重。本句讲的是现在的情况，需用一般现在时；主语为Ocean pollution。故填is。
2. harms 考查动词的时态。句意：海洋污染物严重危害海洋生物。本句讲的是客观情况，需用一般现在时态。主语为Pollution。故填harms。
3. are filled 考查动词的语态。主语their bellies与fill为被动关系。故填are filled。
4. causes 考查动词的时态。句意：海洋污染对人类也会构成威胁。本句讲的是客观情况，需用一般现在时态。主语为Ocean pollution，与cause为主动关系。故填causes。
5. be poisoned 考查动词的语态。句意：此外，人们会吃可能被石油泄漏导致的有害化学物质和海水中的垃圾污染的鱼。句中which引导的是定语从句，先行词为fish，与poison为被动关系。故填be poisoned。
Passage 2
1. are surrounded 考查动词的语态。主语both women and men与surround为被动关系，故设空处需用被动语态。故填are surrounded。
2. are 考查动词的时态。句意：为了显得睿智、英俊，所有男士考虑穿漂亮的西装的时代一去不复返了。本句为倒装句，正常语序为：The days when all men had to think about wearing a nice suit to be smart and handsome __________ (be) gone. 设空处讲的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时；主语days为复数名词。故填are。
3. have changed 考查动词的时态。句意：事情都发生了变化。根据上下文可知设空处用现在完成时态，主语Things为复数名词。故填have changed。
4. see/have seen 考查动词的时态。句意：一些人认为这种突如其来的虚荣心是我们受在电视或在杂志上看到的模特的影响导致的。本句中动作see表示现在的习惯性动作，也可表示开始于过去但持续到现在的动作，故设空处用一般现在时或现在完成时态。故填see/have seen。
5. wants 考查动词的时态。句意：但是并非每个人都想尽全力拥有像阿诺德·施瓦辛格那样的完美肌肉。主语everybody属第三人称单数概念。故填wants。
6. invented 考查动词的时态。句意：一名投机的设计师甚至发明了一款增强肌肉感的衬衫以使购买者看上去更像猛男。根据设空处前的has可知设空处需填过去分词，与has构成现在完成时态。故填invented。
Passage 3
1. has been sought 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：长寿的秘诀是人们长久以来一直在探索的。名词secret和动词seek之间是被动关系，且由时间状语for a long time可知，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been sought。
2. was/is led 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：波士顿大学医学院的科学家们领导了一个大型研究项目，得出乐观主义者寿命更长的结论。所填单词作谓语，同时表示被动关系。此处可以指实验已经结束，也可指一个事实，因此用一般现在时和一般过去时均可。故填was/is led。
3. concludes 考查动词的时态。此处表示实验的结论，表示客观事实，因此用一般现在时。故填concludes。
4. suggests 考查动词的时态。句意：大量证据表明，很大程度上与罕见的长寿相伴随的是更持久的好身体和没有残疾的生活。此处陈述事实，因此用一般现在时。故填suggests。
5. is accompanied 考查动词的时态和语态。这里陈述事实，并且表示被动关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is accompanied。
6. experiences 考查动词的时态。句意：任何正常人有时都会经历失望和失去所爱的人或物的痛苦。所填单词作谓语，主语是单数形式，且此处表示客观事实，所以应用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填experiences。
7. are transformed 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：但对许多人来说，这些关于人类生存的问题变成了一种不正常的绝望状态。transform是及物动词，主语matters与该动词构成被动关系；且此处陈述的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are transformed。
8. is 考查动词的时态。此处是there be结构，其后是单数名词a vital place，且此处陈述的是客观事实。故填is。