2024新高二·英语暑假作业 第1周 第3天

2024新高二·英语暑假作业

第1周 第3天

______月______日    星期__________    姓名：__________

【阅读训练】
一、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Volunteer Art &Architecture Tour Guide
for Boston Public Library, Copley Square
The goal is to generate public interest in the history, art, and architecture of Boston Public Library, including its special collections and exhibitions at the Central Library in Copley Square.
ROLE AND EXPECTATIONS
●To conduct public and private group tours of the Central Library’s art, architecture, and exhibitions, answering questions from groups and recording attendance statistics after tours conclude.
●To continue to inform oneself of the art, architecture, history, holdings, and exhibitions of Boston Public Library.
QUALIFICATIONS
● Interest in history, art, and architecture in general, and of Boston Public Library in particular.
● Confidence in addressing and presenting information to large groups; prior guiding or public speaking experience desirable.
●A strong command of the English language is required, and fluency in other languages is highly preferred.
TRAINING
Accepted candidates will be asked to attend tour guide training meetings. New guides are expected to complete training around four months. Progress evaluations will be ongoing throughout the training period, and continue through the first six months of working as a full guide.
REQUIREMENTS
●Minimum commitment of two tours per month (or 24 tours per year).
●Commitment to attending tour guide meetings and enrichment programs for continuing education.
REVIEW
Regular assessments and evaluations will be conducted based on the above criteria to ensure that volunteers meet the necessary qualifications.
Interested candidates should complete the application form below and send it to tours@bpl.org.
1. What does a volunteer tour guide need to do after tours?
A. Ensure safety of the artworks.
B. Maintain cleanness of the hall.
C. Document the numbers of visitors.
D. Answer questions about qualifications.
2. How long will the progress evaluations last?
A. 4 months.    B. 6 months.    C. 10 months.    D. 12 months.
3. Which will result in a poor review of the position?
A. Lack of working hours.
B. Absence of a second language.
C. Little relevant volunteer experience.
D. Limited knowledge about exhibitions.
B
Many years ago, my dad was facing a serious heart condition. He was unable to do a steady job. He fell suddenly ill and had to be admitted to the hospital.
He wanted to do something to keep himself busy, so he decided to volunteer at the local children’s hospital. My dad loved kids. It was the perfect job for him. He ended up working with the seriously ill children. He would talk, play, and do arts with them.
One of his kids was a girl with a rare disease that paralyzed (瘫痪) her from the neck down. She couldn’t do anything, and she was very depressed. My dad decided to try to help her. He started visiting her in her room, bringing paints, brushes and paper. He stood the paper up, put the paintbrush in his mouth and began to paint. He didn’t use his hands at all. All the while he would tell her, “See, you can do anything you set your mind to.” At the end of the day, she began to paint using her mouth, and she and my dad became friends. Soon after, the little girl was sent home because the doctors felt there was nothing else they could do for her. My dad also left the children’s hospital for a little while because he became ill. Some time later after my dad had recovered and returned to work, in came the little girl who had been paralyzed and only this time she was walking. She ran straight over to my dad and hugged him really tight. She gave him a picture she had done using her hands. At the bottom it read: “Thank you for helping me walk.”
My dad would cry every time he told us this story and so would we. He would say sometimes love is more powerful than a doctor, and my dad — who died just a few months after the little girl gave the picture — loved every single child in that hospital.
4. Why did the author’s father go to work at the local children’s hospital?
A. To make his serious heart condition less serious.
B. To keep himself occupied and pleased.
C. To realize his childhood dream.
D. To earn money to pay for treatment.
5. How did the author’s father help the paralyzed little girl?
A. He helped her practice walking.
B. He visited her and made a toy for her.
C. He showed her she could still do things.
D. He painted special pictures for her.
6. According to paragraph 3, what happened to the paralyzed girl?
A. She eventually became a unique painter.
B. She was sent home and never seen again.
C. She gradually recovered and walked.
D. She sent the author’s dad a picture painted with her mouth.
7. What message does the passage mainly convey?
A. It’s better to give than to receive.
B. A sick person should not focus on his disease.
C. Volunteering is a worthwhile thing to do.
D. Love can sometimes bring great results.
C
Animals can adapt quickly to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Evidence is mounting to show that plants can, too. A paper published in the journal Trends in Plant Science details how plants are rapidly adapting to the effects of climate change, and how they are passing down these adaptations to their offspring (后代).
Plants are facing more environmental stresses than ever. For example, climate change is making winters shorter in many locations, and plants are responding. “Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time,” says Martinelli, a plant geneticist at the University of Florence. “As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. These mechanisms allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce.”
Because plants don’t have neural (神经的) networks, their memory is based entirely on cellular (细胞的), molecular (分子的), and biochemical networks. These networks make up what the researchers call somatic memory (体细胞记忆). “It allows plants to recognize the occurrence of a previous environmental condition and to react accordingly,” says Martinelli.
These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants’ offspring via epigenetics (表现遗传). “Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses,” says Martinelli.
Going forward, Martinelli hopes to understand even more about the genes that are being passed down. “We are particularly interested in decoding the epigenetic alphabet without changes in DNA sequence (序列),” he says. “This is especially important when we consider the rapid climate change. We observe today that every living organism, including plants, needs to quickly adapt to survive.”
8. What adaptations have plants made to shortened cold seasons?
A. They have shortened their flowering time.
B. They have got more chances to reproduce.
C. They have avoided flowering in cold seasons.
D. They have adjusted their environmental clock.
9. What can we learn about somatic memory?
A. It is entirely based on neural networks.
B. It can help the plants’ offspring to survive.
C. It can help ease environmental stresses.
D. It changes the plants’ biochemical networks.
10. What does the underlined word “modulating” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Adjusting.    B. Treasuring.
C. Recording.    D. Sharing.
11. Which of the following could be a suitable title for the text?
A. Plants are smart about flowering time
B. Plants can also adapt to climate change
C. Environmental stresses challenge plants
D. Mysteries of plant genes are to be unfolded
D
Plastic is everywhere, from the Arctic ice to vital organs in the human body. In fact, previous estimates suggest that the average person swallows a credit card-worth of microscopic plastic particles (颗粒) every week. But new research shows that this could actually be an understatement.
Microplastics are plastics smaller than 5 millimeters, found in industrial waste, beauty products, and formed during the degradation of larger plastic pieces. Over time, they break down into even smaller nanoplastics. These tiny particles can pass through our intestines and lungs into our bloodstreams, reaching vital organs like the heart and brain.
While the idea of eating plastic is making people worried in itself, the major concern here is that these plastic particles contain chemicals that can interrupt our body’s natural release of hormones, potentially increasing our risk of reproductive disorders and certain cancers. They can also carry toxins (毒素) on their surface like heavy metals.
In the past, researchers have shown bottled water can contain tens of thousands of identifiable plastic fragments in a single container. However, until recently, only the larger microplastics were detectable with available measuring tools, leaving the area of nanoplastics largely a mystery.
Using Raman microscopy (拉曼光谱学), capable of detecting particles down to the size of a flu virus, the team measured an average of 240,000 particles of plastic per liter of bottled water, 90 percent of which were nanoplastics, a revelation 10 to 100 times larger than previous estimates.
These plastics likely originate from the bottle material, filters used to “purify” the water, and the source water itself. “It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff,” the study’s lead author, Columbia graduate student Naixin Qian, said in a statement. His team hopes to expand their research into tap water and other water sources to better inform our exposure to these potentially dangerous particles. “The idea is that the smaller things get, the more of them I reveal,” he added.
12. What is the primary focus of the new research?
A. The presence of plastic particles.
B. The use of plastic in everyday products.
C. The detection methods for microplastics.
D. The potential risks of nanoplastics to human.
13. What is the advantage of Raman microscopy?
A. Finding the source of plastic particles.
B. Helping to cure the deadly flu virus.
C. Detecting the smaller plastic particles.
D. Improving the quality of bottled water.
14. Why will the team expand their research into tap water?
A. To focus on areas with higher plastic pollution.
B. To make people aware of the dangerous particles in daily life.
C. To further measure the types of particles in tap water.
D. To detect the smaller plastic particles in industrial areas.
15. What is Qian’s attitude towards his research?
A. Skeptical.    B. Objective.
C. Conservative.    D. Positive.

二、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why was school created?   1   Especially on test days, many students wonder exactly why they’re being subjected to such terrible and unusual punishment!
If you’re honest with yourself, though, you know what a great place school is.   2  
Sure, tests can be stressful, but think of how boring life would be if you didn’t get to learn new things and see other people so often!
Schools are not a new invention. You may have seen some old one-room schoolhouses that have been around for several hundred years or more.   3  
In fact, education dates back to the very first humans ever to live on Earth. Why? To survive, every generation has found it necessary to pass on its knowledge, skills, values, and traditions to the next generation. How can they do this? Education! Each subsequent generation (后代) must be taught these things.
4   They educated young people within the family unit. Over time, however, populations grew and societies formed.
Rather than every family being responsible for education, people soon found out that it would be easier and more efficient to have a small group of adults teach a larger group of children.
5  
A. In this way, the idea of school was born.
B. The earliest schools, though, date back thousands of years.
C. At that time, schools focused on reading, writing, and maths.
D. Ancient schools weren’t like the schools we know today, though.
E. We’re sure that’s a question that every student asks from time to time.
F. The earliest human beings didn’t need schools to pass along information.
G. You have fun, learn all kinds of interesting things, and get to spend time with your friends.

参考答案
一、
A
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了波士顿公共图书馆中央馆志愿导游的职责、资格、培训和评估要求。
1. C 细节理解题。根据ROLE AND EXPECTATIONS部分的“answering questions from groups and recording attendance statistics after tours conclude”可知，导游需要在参观结束后记录参观者的人数。故选C。
2. C 细节理解题。根据TRAINING部分的“New guides are expected to complete training around four months. Progress evaluations will be ongoing throughout the training period, and continue through the first six months of working as a full guide.”可知，新导游总的评估期为4个月的训练期加上6个月的全职工作期，共计10个月。故选C。
3. A 细节理解题。根据REQUIREMENTS部分的“Minimum commitment of two tours per month (or 24 tours per year).”可知，导游需要每个月最少完成两次导游工作，若未达到这个最低工作时数，则可能会导致差评。故选A。
B
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的父亲因为心脏病不能从事稳定的工作，为了使自己忙碌和充实起来，他去了当地的儿童医院做一名志愿者。在儿童医院，他鼓励并帮助了一位因疾病而瘫痪的小女孩的故事。
4. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He wanted to do something to keep himself busy, so he decided to volunteer at the local children’s hospital.”可知，作者的父亲想做点儿什么让自己忙碌起来，所以他决定去当地的儿童医院做一名志愿者。由此可知，作者的父亲在当地一家儿童医院工作，是想让自己保持忙碌和使自己快乐。故选B。
5. C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“All the while he would tell her, ‘See, you can do anything you set your mind to.’ At the end of the day, she began to paint using her mouth”可知，作者的父亲是通过向小女孩展示的方式告诉她，她仍然可以做很多事情。故选C。
6. C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“in came the little girl who had been paralyzed and only this time she was walking”可知，那个瘫痪的小女孩逐渐恢复了健康并能够行走了。故选C。
7. D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了一个感人的故事，作者的父亲因为心脏病而不能从事稳定的工作，为了使自己忙碌和充实起来，他去了当地的儿童医院做志愿者。在儿童医院，他鼓励一位因疾病而瘫痪在床的小女孩勇敢、乐观，教她用嘴画画，终于小女孩能够走路了。再根据最后一段中的“love is more powerful than a doctor”可知，文章是想表达：爱的力量有时候比医生的力量更强大。故选D。
C
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物像动物一样，可以迅速地适应不利的条件，同时分析了植物能快速适应不利条件并将这些适应传递给下一代的原因。
8. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example, climate change is making winters shorter in many locations, and plants are responding. ‘Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time’”可知，为了适应缩短的寒冷季节，植物会设置环境时钟来定义开花时间。故选D。
9. B 推理判断题。根据第四段首句“These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants’ offspring via epigenetics (表现遗传).”可知，这些体细胞记忆通过表现遗传学传给下一代，由此可以判断，体细胞记忆可以帮助下一代生存下来。故选B。
10. A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. These mechanisms allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce.”可知，这些机制使植物能够调整自己在繁殖机会少的时期避免开花，这是植物调整适应环境变化的结果。画线单词所在的“Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses”谈论的是有几种个例表明存在这样的“分子机制”调节植物记忆来适应环境的变化，与第二段阐述的“这些机制”允许植物调节花期适应环境的内容表达的是同样的意思，因此modulate意为“调节”。故选A。
11. B 标题概括题。通读全文，尤其根据首段中的“Animals can adapt quickly to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Evidence is mounting to show that plants can, too.”可知，本文主要介绍了植物和动物一样能快速适应不利条件。故选B。
D
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究揭示了微塑料和纳米塑料对人体健康的潜在影响。
12. D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the major concern here is that these plastic particles contain chemicals that can interrupt our body’s natural release of hormones, potentially increasing our risk of reproductive disorders and certain cancers. They can also carry toxins (毒素) on their surface like heavy metals”可知，新研究的焦点是纳米塑料对人体可能造成的风险。故选D。
13. C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Using Raman microscopy (拉曼光谱学), capable of detecting particles down to the size of a flu virus, the team measured an average of 240,000 particles of plastic per liter of bottled water, 90 percent of which were nanoplastics”可知，拉曼光谱学的优势是能够检测到非常小的塑料颗粒。故选C。
14. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“His team hopes to expand their research into tap water and other water sources to better inform our exposure to these potentially dangerous particles.”可以推知，研究小组将研究扩展到自来水等其他水源是为了让人们意识到在日常生活中面临的颗粒风险。故选B。
15. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Qian的话“It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff”及“The idea is that the smaller things get, the more of them I reveal”可知，他并不对发现大量微塑料感到完全意外，并且他认为研究对象越小，揭示的就会越多，因此可以推断出，Qian对他的研究持积极态度。故选D。
二、
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学校的好处和学校产生的历史。
1. E 根据空前提出的问题“Why was school created?”以及空后的“Especially on test days, many students wonder exactly why they’re being subjected to such terrible and unusual punishment! (特别是在考试的日子里，许多学生都想知道为什么他们会受到如此可怕和不寻常的惩罚)”可知，空处也应是围绕此问题的相关内容。E项“We’re sure that’s a question that every student asks from time to time. (我们确信这是每个学生都会时不时问的问题)”是对上文问题的进一步说明，既能承接上文，又能引出下文。故选E。
2. G 空前一句“If you’re honest with yourself, though, you know what a great place school is”指出，学校是一个好地方，G项“You have fun, learn all kinds of interesting things, and get to spend time with your friends.”具体说明了学校为什么是个好地方，承接上文，符合此处语境。故选G。
3. B 根据本段主题句“Schools are not a new invention.”和空前的“You may have seen some old one-room schoolhouses that have been around for several hundred years or more.”可知，该段主要讲述学校的历史。B项“The earliest schools, though, date back thousands of years.”提到最早的学校可以追溯到几千年前，符合本段主题。故选B。
4. F 根据上文内容可知，为了生存，人们需要将知识、技能等传递给下一代。根据空后的“They educated young people within the family unit.”可知，此处讲述早期的教育，一开始，人们以家庭为单位教育年轻人。F项“The earliest human beings didn’t need schools to pass along information.”提到，最早的人类不需要学校来传递信息，既能照应上文，又能引出下文，符合语境。故选F。
5. A 空处位于最后一段的段尾，应是对最后一段内容的总结。根据空前的“Rather than every family being responsible for education, people soon found out that it would be easier and more efficient to have a small group of adults teach a larger group of children.”可知，随着人口的增长和社会的形成，人们很快发现，让一小群成年人教育一大群孩子，会比家庭教育更容易、更有效。而这就是学校诞生的原因，A项“In this way, the idea of school was born.”是对该段内容的总结，符合语境。故选A。