2024新高二·英语暑假作业
第4周 第2天
______月______日 星期__________ 姓名:__________
【语言运用】
一、语法复习(人教版 必修二 Unit 4 — Unit 5)
(一)过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
(1)过去分词一般表示__________和__________动作,在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语,但不能单独作__________。
(2)一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在被修饰词之前。__________作定语时往往作后置定语,即放在被修饰词之后。
(3)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示__________和__________。被修饰词是其逻辑主语,和被修饰词构成__________关系,且该动作已经完成。不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示__________,不表示__________。
(4)“及物动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,过去分词done作宾语补足语,表示与宾语构成__________关系。
(5)过去分词用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think等表示__________或__________的动词后作宾语补足语。过去分词用于get, have, make, keep, leave等__________后作宾语补足语。过去分词用于wish, want, would like, expect, order等表示“__________”“__________”的动词后面作宾语补足语。过去分词用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。
(二)过去分词作表语和状语
(1)过去分词作表语时,与谓语动词构成__________,表示主语的性质、特征或状态。其前的系动词可以是表示“__________”的:be, keep, stay, remain等;表示“__________”的:become, get, go等以及表示“__________”的:look, sound, feel等。
(2)分词可作时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、伴随等状语,相当于一个状语从句。分词作状语时,用来修饰一个句子,分词的逻辑主语必须和该句子的主语__________。过去分词作状语时,和该句子的主语构成__________关系。
(3)一些表示情感类的现在分词doing(__________),过去分词done(__________)和“系表结构”中的过去分词done已具有__________的词性,可直接作状语、定语、表语、补足语等。
二、篇章语法填空
In the 1940s, China 1 (report) 30 million cases of malaria (疟疾) each year. In the 1950s, Chinese health authorities began introducing measures to treat and prevent the disease. Now, after a 70-year campaign and more than four years of zero new cases, China is officially malaria free, 2 (recognize) by the World Health Organization (WHO).
The WHO gives malaria-free certificates (证明) to countries when they have presented that they’ve stopped nationwide spread 3 at least three continuous years. Countries also need to have monitoring and reacting systems in place 4 can prevent indigenous cases of the disease from coming back — indigenous in this case meaning infected (感染) 5 (local) from a native mosquito. Forty countries and regions 6 (give) the certificate so far, according to the WHO.
In the 1970s, through a government project, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin, the most 7 (power) anti-malaria drug. 8 breakthrough, based on traditional Chinese medicine, led to a Nobel Prize for Tu in 2015. “Over many decades, China’s ability 9 (think) outside the box served the country well in its own 10 (respond) to malaria, and also had a significant effect globally,” notes Dr. Pedro Alonso, Director of the WHO Global Malaria Programme.
三、阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
I had always been warmly praised for my basketball shooting ability when I was in high school. But when I went to Ohio State, I discovered that everyone on the team was 1 in his hometown.
To win a starting job on the team, I had figured I would have to 2 the coach with my shooting ability. But it turned out that the team was 3 full of attacking players and what it needed was someone to 4 on defence (防守). Unwillingly, I decided to take that role, but didn’t expect the 5 was to make all the difference to me later.
One day, when we were 6 a game against the Bucks, I was called out by the coach, Milwaukee, who gave me the 7 to guard our court (球场). Though feeling a bit 8 , I accepted. Throughout the game, I continued playing the defence role.
Then, near the end of the game, in a(n) 9 to widen the score gap, Milwaukee gave me a precious 10 . He asked me to organize an attack. Running to the center of the court, I
11 the ball. It was a 12 three-point play and the championship was ours.
Standing there in that circle of cheering audience, I came to 13 the importance of teamwork. Just as Milwaukee said, “ 14 teams often have one or two players who standout; good teams have five who work together. It is amazing what can be achieved when no one cares who gets the 15 . ”
1. A. anxious B. excellent C. inexperienced D. ordinary
2. A. bless B. equip C. help D. impress
3. A. already B. eventually C. generally D. lately
4. A. call B. focus C. rely D. wait
5. A. approach B. comment C. decision D. problem
6. A. applying for B. calling for C. looking for D. preparing for
7. A. comfort B. potential C. responsibility D. turn
8. A. cheerful B. disappointed C. frightened D. satisfied
9. A. attempt B. mood C. position D. rush
10. A. lesson B. method C. opportunity D. suggestion
11. A. caught B. kicked C. held D. shot
12. A. typical B. possible C. key D. rare
13. A. advise B. achieve C. wish D. realize
14. A. Capable B. Poor C. Professional D. Native
15. A. honor B. present C. support D. income
参考答案
一、
(一)过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
(1)完成的;被动的;谓语
(2)过去分词短语
(3)被动;完成;动宾;完成;被动
(4)动宾
(5)感觉;心理状态;使役动词;意欲;命令
(二)过去分词作表语和状语
(1)系表结构;状态;变成;感官
(2)保持一致;动宾
(3)令人……;人感到……;形容词
二、
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国被世卫组织认证为无疟疾国家。
1. reported 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词。根据时间状语“In the 1940s”可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填reported。
2. recognized 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语,空处应用非谓语动词;“China is officially malaria free”这件事与动词recognize之间是动宾关系,表示“被认可的”,因此应用过去分词形式。故填recognized。
3. for 考查介词。此处表示至少连续三年在全国范围内没有疟疾的国家。此处应用for,与一段时间连用。故填for。
4. that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是“monitoring and reacting systems”,指物,且从句中缺少主语,应用that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。
5. locally 考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词“infected”。故填locally。
6. have been given 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词。根据“so far”可知,此处应用现在完成时;且主语“Forty countries and regions”与动词give之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为复数,谓语动词也应用复数形式。故填have been given。
7. powerful 考查词性转换。此处应用形容词修饰名词短语“anti-malaria drug”。故填powerful。
8. The 考查冠词。此处应用定冠词特指上文提到的“青蒿素的发现”。故填The。注意首字母大写。
9. to think 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作“China’s ability”的定语。故填to think。
10. response 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,“its own”后应用名词形式。故填response。
三、
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加的一场篮球比赛意识到:好的球队需要所有队员的团队精神,这样才能取得胜利。
1. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但当我去俄亥俄州立大学时,我发现队里的每个人在自己的家乡都很优秀。anxious“焦虑的”;excellent“出色的”;inexperienced“没有经验的”;ordinary“普通的”。根据上文“I had always been warmly praised for my basketball shooting ability when I was in high school.”和下文“in his hometown.”可知,这里应该是指队友们在各自的家乡都是很优秀的。故选B。
2. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意:为了赢得球队的首发,我想我必须用我的投篮能力给教练留下深刻印象。bless“保佑”;equip“装备”;help“帮助”;impress“使印象深刻”。根据下文“the coach with my shooting ability”可知,作者想用自己的实力给教练留下好印象。故选D。
3. A 考查副词词义辨析。句意:但事实证明,这支球队已经充满了进攻型球员,他们需要的是一个专注于防守的人。already“已经”;eventually“最后”;generally“大体上”;lately“最近”。根据下文“full of attacking players and what it needed was someone to _____ on defence”可知,队里面需要的是防守型球员,所以进攻型球员应该已经满了。故选A。
4. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意:但事实证明,这支球队已经充满了进攻型球员,他们需要的是一个专注于防守的人。call“打电话”;focus“聚焦、集中精力于”;rely“依赖”;wait“等待”。根据上文“the team was _____ full of attacking players”可知,这支球队已经充满了进攻型球员,所以他们需要的应该是一个专注于防守的人。故选B。
5. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:我不情愿地决定担任这个角色,但没想到这个决定后来会对我产生很大的影响。approach“方法”;comment“评论”;decision“决定”;problem“问题”。根据上文“I decided to take that role”可知,这里指作者做的这个决定。故选C。
6. D 考查动词短语辨析。句意:有一天,当我们准备与雄鹿队的比赛时,Milwaukee教练叫我去,他让我在场上负责防守。applying for“申请”;calling for“呼吁”;looking for“寻找”;preparing for“准备”。根据下文“a game against the Bucks, I was called out by the coach”可知,作者被教练喊出去应该是在他们准备比赛期间。故选D。
7. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:有一天,当我们准备与雄鹿队的比赛时,Milwaukee教练叫我去,他让我在场上负责防守。comfort“安慰”;potential“潜力”;responsibility“责任”;turn“轮次”。根据下文“to guard our court”可知,教练给作者的应该是在场上防守的重任。故选C。
8. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:虽然有点失望,我还是接受了。cheerful“高兴的”;disappointed“失望的”;frightened“害怕的”;satisfied“满意的”。根据上文“Unwillingly, I decided to take that role”可知,作者本来就不愿意做防守球员,所以有些失望。故选B。
9. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:然后,在比赛接近尾声时,Milwaukee教练试图扩大差距,给了我一个宝贵的机会。attempt“试图”;mood“情绪”;position“位置”;rush“冲”。根据下文“to widen the gap”可知,拉开分差应该是教练想要做的事情。故选A。
10. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:然后,在比赛接近尾声时,Milwaukee教练试图扩大差距,给了我一个宝贵的机会。lesson“课”;method“方法”;opportunity“机会”;suggestion“建议”。根据下文“He asked me to organize an attack.”可知,这是教练给作者的一次进攻的机会。故选C。
11. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我把球运到中圈附近,然后投篮。caught“抓”;kicked“踢”;held“举办”;shot“投射”。根据下文“It was a _____ three-point play”可知,作者把球运到中圈附近,然后投篮。故选D。
12. C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这是一个关键的三分球,几分钟后冠军就属于我们了。typical“典型的”;possible“可能的”;key“关键的”;rare“稀有的”。根据下文“minutes later the championship was ours”可知,作者这一投决定了他们获得冠军,所以是很关键的一球。故选C。
13. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意:站在欢呼的观众之中,我开始意识到团队合作的重要性。advise“建议”;achieve“实现”;wish“希望”;realize“意识到”。根据下文“the importance of teamwork.”可知,这是作者意识到的内容。故选D。
14. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:正如Milwaukee教练所说,“糟糕的球队通常有一两名球员脱颖而出;好的球队有五名球员共同努力。”Capable“有能力的”;Poor“糟糕的、差的”;Professional“专业的”;Native“本土的”。根据下文“good teams have five who work together.”可知,这是把好的球队和差的球队相对比。故选B。
15. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:当没有人在乎谁能获得荣誉时,能取得的成就真是令人惊讶。”honor“荣誉”;present“礼物”;support“支持”;income“收入”。根据上文“good teams have five who work together.”可知,好的球队里面,每个队员都很有团队精神,所以都不会在意谁获得荣誉。故选A。
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