2024新高二·英语暑假作业 第4周 第3天

2024新高二·英语暑假作业

第4周 第3天

______月______日    星期__________    姓名：__________

【阅读训练】
一、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Best for Formal English Classes: Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
MOOCs, as the name suggests, are online courses that are open to an unlimited number of students. If you’re someone who prefers this kind of course, one of these could be for you.
Best for All Levels: Alison Ratings: 4.3/5   Users: 1,000,000+
Opened in 2007, Alison is considered to be the first MOOC. It has a whole section for learning English and is one of the best MOOCs for starting your English studies from ABC.
Best for British English: Future Learn Ratings: 4.4/5   Users: 1,000,000+
The courses offered here come from 40 places all across the world, including some top British institutions like the British Council. But it has no partners in the US, so if you’re looking for American English, you might want to try a different site!
Best for Variety of Courses: Udemy Ratings: 4.7/5   Users: 1,000,000+
Udemy wants to teach everything and is one of the biggest MOOCs out there. There are tens of thousands of courses. Not all the courses on Udemy are free, but there’re a good number of free ones. Even the courses that aren’t free can be pretty affordable.
Best for Advanced Learners: Coursera Ratings: 4.5/5   Users: 1,000,000+
Recommended for advanced learners, Coursera is another MOOC that offers saved courses without the Internet. Coursera has a great many partners, institutions and universities. You can complete courses as they take place, or just play back the lessons when they are over.
Click here to get more information about what suits you best.
1. What do we know about FutureLearn from the text?
A. It is the biggest MOOC.     
B. It allows offline learning.
C. It provides courses in British English.     
D. It is the first MOOC in the world.
2. What can learners benefit from Coursera?
A. They have access to free courses.
B. They can communicate with partners.
C. They can complete courses at their own pace.
D. They can be recommended to universities.
3. Which course has the highest user satisfaction?
A. Coursera.    B. Udemy.
C. FutureLearn.    D. Alison.
B
Most people who ran the marathon last month spent days before resting up and days after recovering. But not Jacky Hunt-Broersma. In total, she ran 104 marathons in 104 days. If it’s confirmed by Guinness World Records, that would be a new world record. And she did it all with one leg and a prosthesis (假肢).
“Someone able-bodied had done it previously. I wanted to see if I could do it on a prosthetic leg and see what would happen,” she said. “I thought it would be a great way to inspire others to push their limits because I truly believe that we’re stronger than what we think. And I’ve been so pleasantly surprised that my body is held up, everything is held up and I’ve made it to 104.”
She actually did not pick up the sport until after she lost the lower part of her left leg in 2001 to a type of cancer called Ewing sarcoma. Runners using a prosthetic leg can’t use a regular one. They need a running blade (刀锋式跑步义肢). Hunt-Broersma has two, but she was only able to run with one because of the swelling she experienced in her left leg that made it impossible to connect to the other blade. But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continued.
All together, Hunt-Broersma ran over 4,385 kilometers. During that time she has had a lot of time to think and has learned a few things about herself. “It has taught me how strong one can be and how important absolute determination is. If you’re mentally strong, you can do anything,” she said. “And our bodies are just amazing ... This whole journey was impressive and super hard, but it’s told me how strong I can be as a person and how far I can push myself.”
4. Why did Hunt-Broersma decide to run marathons?
A. She wanted to set a new record.
B. She was driven by her interest.
C. She intended to challenge herself.
D. She was inspired by people like her.
5. What difficulty did Hunt-Broersma meet with?
A. She didn’t get professional training.
B. She found it hard to keep her balance.
C. She suffered discomfort in her left leg.
D. She couldn’t use regular running blades.
6. What message does the author express through the story?
A. Time works wonders.
B. Rome wasn’t built in a day.
C. A good beginning is half the battle.
D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
7. What may be the author’s attitude towards Hunt-Broersma?
A. Admiring.    B. Annoyed.
C. Humorous.    D. Sympathetic.
C
A shocking 53.6 million metric tons of electronic waste was discarded last year, a new UN-backed report has revealed. The report shows that e-waste is up by 21% from five years ago. This isn’t surprising, considering how many more people are adopting new technology and updating devices regularly to have the latest versions, but the report also shows that national collection and recycling strategies are nowhere close to matching consumption rates.
E-waste contains materials including copper (铜), iron, gold and silver, which the report gives a conservative value of $57 billion. But most are thrown away or burned rather than being collected for recycling. Precious metals in waste are estimated to be worth $14 billion, but only $4 billion-worth is recovered at the moment.
While the number of countries with national e-waste policies has grown from 61 to 78 since 2014, there is little encouragement to obey and a mere 17% of collected items are recycled. If recycling does occur, it’s often under dangerous conditions, such as burning circuit boards to recover copper, which “releases highly poisonous metals” and harms the health of workers.
The report found that Asia has the highest amounts of waste overall, producing 24.9 million metric tons (MMT), followed by Europe at 12 MMT, Africa at 2.9 MMT, and Oceania at 0.7 MMT.
But whose responsibility is it? Are governments in charge of setting up collection and recycling points, or should companies be responsible for recycling the goods they produce? It goes both ways. Companies do need to be held accountable by government regulations and have incentives to design products that are easily repaired. At the same time, governments need to make it easy for citizens to access collection points and deal with their broken electronics in a convenient way. Otherwise, they may turn to the easiest option — the landfill.
8. What does the underlined word “discarded” most probably mean?
A. consumed    B. distributed
C. increased    D. thrown away
9. What do the statistics in Paragraph 2 show?
A. The functions of policies.
B. The great damage to environment.
C. The urgency of recovering e-waste.
D. The change of consumption rates.
10. What is the problem with recycling e-waste at present?
A. It hardly makes profits.
B. It takes too much time.
C. It lacks national policy support.
D. It does harm to the workers’ health.
11. How should the problem be solved according to the passage?
A. Governments and companies should take responsibilities.
B. New technology should be used to update old devices.
C. Non-poisonous metals had better be used in e-device.
D. Citizens must play a key role in recycling e-waste.
D
Using X-rays to peer into the chemical structure of a tiny speck (微粒) of the celebrated work of art “Mona Lisa”, scientists have gained new insight into the techniques that Leonardo da Vinci used to paint his groundbreaking portrait of the woman with the exquisitely mysterious smile.
The research, published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, suggests that the famously curious, learned and inventive Italian Renaissance master may have been in a particularly experimental mood when he set to work on the “Mona Lisa” early in the 16th century.
The oil-paint method Leonardo used as his base layer appears to have been different for the “Mona Lisa”, with its own distinctive chemical signature, the team of scientists and art historians in France and Britain discovered. “He was someone who loved to experiment, and each of his paintings is completely different technically,” said Victor Gonzalez, the study’s lead author and a chemist at France’s top research body, the CNRS. Gonzalez has studied the chemical compositions of dozens of works by Leonardo, Rembrandt and other artists.
Specifically, the researchers found a rare compound, plumbonacrite (水白铅矿) in Leonardo’s first layer of paint. The discovery confirmed for the first time what art historians had previously only assumed: that Leonardo most likely used lead oxide powder to thicken and help dry his paint as he began working on the portrait. Plumbonacrite is a byproduct of lead oxide, allowing the researchers to say with more certainty that Leonardo likely used the powder in his paint recipe. “Plumbonacrite is really a fingerprint of his recipe,” Gonzalez said, “It’s the first time we can actually chemically confirm it.”
After Leonardo, Dutch master Rembrandt may have used a similar recipe when he was painting in the 17th century. “It also tells us that those recipes were passed on for centuries,” Gonzalez said, “It was a very good recipe.” But the “Mona Lisa” and other works by Leonardo still have other secrets to tell. “There are plenty, plenty more things to discover, for sure. We are barely scratching the surface,” Gonzalez said, “What we are saying is just a little brick more in the knowledge.”
12. What kind of person is Leonardo da Vinci according to the new finding?
A. Ambitious and generous.   
B. Adventurous and creative.
C. Intelligent and mysterious.   
D. Sensitive and inspiring.
13. What had art historians supposed earlier?
A. The portrait may have been dried in a special way when finished.
B. Leonardo may have employed lead oxide powder in his work.
C. Rembrandt was fond of imitating Leonardo’s style.
D. It is most likely that Leonardo used to be a chemist.
14. What can we infer according to Gonzalez?
A. It is necessary to scratch the surface of the “Mona Lisa”.
B. There is little point in finding the chemicals in the portrait.
C. The scientists have revealed Leonardo’s technique thoroughly.
D. There is a long way to go for a deep understanding of Leonardo’s works.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Powerful Chemicals for Painting
B. The New Secret of the “Mona Lisa”
C. Leonardo’s Experiments on Portraits
D. Far-reaching Influence of the “Mona Lisa”
二、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people feel anxious in situations that are stressful to them. For example, they may feel anxious about taking tests, meeting new people, or speaking in class.   1   But it’s best to learn how to cope. Here are several tips that can help you through anxious moments:
Start with a “growth” mindset. Some people have a fixed mindset. They might think, “This is how I am.”   2   They think they are the way they are. But brain science has shown that with a growth mindset, people can get better at just about everything-with effort and practice. That includes reducing anxiety.
3   When you’re anxious, you might tell yourself things like, “I can’t do this!” or “What if I mess this up?” Instead, plan to tell yourself something that could help you face the moment with a bit of courage like, “I can do this!” or “It’s OK to feel anxious. I can do this anyway.”
Notice how anxiety affects your body. When you’re anxious, do you feel “butterflies” in your stomach? Sweaty palms? Shaky hands? A faster heartbeat? These physical feelings can be uncomfortable but they aren’t harmful. You can cope. You don’t have to push the feelings away.
4  
Face the situation — don’t wait for anxiety to go away. You might think that you’ll put off speaking in class or talking to that new person until you no longer feel anxious about it. But it doesn’t work that way.   5   
Learning to cope with anxiety takes time, patience, and practice. Most of all it takes being willing to face anxiety. Start with one small step. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at lowering anxiety.
A. Talk yourself through it.
B. Tell a parent or another adult you trust.
C. It’s facing the anxiety that helps you lower it.
D. Try to pay attention to anxious thoughts and feelings.
E. Try to notice them without getting upset that they’re there.
F. With a fixed mindset, people don’t think things can change.
G. If you feel anxious in situations like these, you’re not alone.

参考答案

一、
A
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些适合学习英语的在线开放课程。
1. C 细节理解题。根据Best for British English: Future Learn部分中“The courses offered here come from 40 places all across the world, including some top British institutions like the British Council.（这里提供的课程来自世界各地的40个地方，包括一些英国顶级机构，如英国文化协会。）”可知，它提供英式英语课程。故选C。
2. C 细节理解题。根据Best for Advanced Learners: Coursera部分中“You can complete courses as they take place, or just play back the lessons when they are over.（你可以完成正在进行的课程，或者在课程结束时观看回放的课程。）”可知，学习该课程时，学生按照自己的进度完成课程。故选C。
3. B 细节理解题。根据Best for Variety of Courses: Udemy部分中“Ratings: 4.7/5（评分4.7分（满分5分））”可知，相比于其他课程，该课程评分为4.7分（满分5分），是最高的评分。故选B。
B
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jacky Hunt-Broersma虽然由于癌症而左腿截肢，但是借助假肢连续104天跑104场马拉松的励志故事。
4. C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“‘Someone able-bodied had done it previously. I wanted to see if I could do it on a prosthetic leg and see what would happen,’ she said. （‘以前有健全的人这样做过。我想看看我能穿着义肢做到，看看会发生什么。’她说。）”可知，Hunt-Broersma决定跑马拉松是为了挑战自我。故选C。
5. C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Hunt-Broersma has two, but she was only able to run with one because of the swelling she experienced in her left leg that made it impossible to connect to the other blade. （Hunt-Broersma有两个刀锋式跑步义肢，但她只能用其中一个，因为她左腿肿胀，无法连接到另一个义肢。）”可知，Hunt-Broersma跑马拉松时要忍受左腿肿胀带来的不适和痛苦。故选C。
6. D 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中的“But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continued.（但即使发生了痛苦，她也能够忍受并继续下去。）”和最后一段中的“‘It has taught me how strong one can be and how important absolute determination is.（‘它教会了我一个人可以有多坚强，以及绝对的决心有多重要。）”由此可知，作者通过Hunt-Broersma的故事告诉读者只要有坚定的意志与决心，就没有不可能的事情，面对艰难困苦，只要我们迎难而上，坚持不懈，就能取得成功。故选D。
7. A 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，Hunt-Broersma在104天内跑了104场马拉松，赛前没有休息，赛后也没有时间恢复；再结合第二段提到的她勇于挑战自己、第三段提到的她努力克服身体的不适以及最后一段她的感悟可知，作者对Hunt-Broersma的态度是钦佩赞赏的。故选A。
C
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了电子废弃物的严重问题，包括其数量增长、回收策略的不足以及其对环境和健康的影响。
8. D 词义猜测题。根据后文“The report shows that e-waste is up by 21% from five years ago.（报告显示，电子垃圾比五年前增加了21%。）”可知，此处讲述的是电子垃圾，推知电子垃圾应是被丢弃的，所以discarded应是“丢弃”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D。
9. C 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，价值为570亿美元的电子垃圾，只有40亿美元被回收，所以统计数据显示了回收电子垃圾的紧迫性。故选C。
10. D 细节理解题。根据第三段“If recycling does occur, it’s often under dangerous conditions, such as burning circuit boards to recover copper, which ‘releases highly poisonous metals’ and harms the health of workers.（即使回收真的发生了，也往往是在危险的条件下进行的，比如燃烧电路板来回收铜，这会“释放出剧毒金属”，损害工人的健康。）”可知，目前回收电子废物的问题是对工人的健康有害。故选D。
11. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Companies do need to be held accountable by government regulations and have incentives to design products that are easily repaired. At the same time, governments need to make it easy for citizens to access collection points and deal with their broken electronics in a convenient way. （企业确实需要接受政府法规的问责，并有动机设计容易维修的产品。与此同时，政府需要让公民更容易到达收集点，并以方便的方式处理损坏的电子产品。）”可知，解决电子垃圾问题需要政府和企业应该承担责任。故选A。
D
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们用光对著名画作《蒙娜丽莎》进行分析，对其颜料使用有了新的发现。
12. B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“... suggests that the famously curious, learned and inventive Italian Renaissance master may have been in a particularly experimental mood...”可知，充满好奇心且勇于尝试的达·芬奇带着试验的态度开始了对《蒙娜丽莎》的创作。由此可知，他是一个敢于冒险和有创造力的人。故选B。
13. B 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The discovery confirmed for the first time what art historians had previously only assumed: that Leonardo most likely used lead oxide powder to thicken and help dry his paint as he began working on the portrait.（这一发现首次证实了艺术史学家之前的假设：达·芬奇很可能在开始创作这幅肖像画时使用了氧化铅粉来增稠和干燥颜料。）”可知，艺术史学家之前猜测达·芬奇在创作时可能使用了氧化铅粉这种物质。故选B。
14. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Gonzalez所说的话“There are plenty, plenty more things to discover, for sure. We are barely scratching the surface（当然，还有很多很多东西等着我们去发现。我们仅仅触及了表面）”和“What we are saying is just a little brick more in the knowledge.（我们所说的只是知识上的一点点进步。）”可知，Gonzalez认为目前的发现只触及表面，是微小的进步，还有很多东西有待发现。因此，要深入理解达·芬奇的作品还要走很长的路。故选D。
15. B 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Using X-rays to peer into the chemical structure of a tiny speck (微粒) of the celebrated work of art ‘Mona Lisa’, scientists have gained new insight into the techniques that Leonardo da Vinci used to paint his groundbreaking portrait of the woman with the exquisitely mysterious smile.（科学家们利用X射线研究了著名艺术作品《蒙娜丽莎》中一个细小微粒的化学结构，从而对列奥纳多·达·芬奇创作这幅具有开创性的、带着精致神秘微笑的女子画像的技巧有了新的认识。）”和最后一段中“But the ‘Mona Lisa’ and other works by Leonardo still have other secrets to tell.（但是《蒙娜丽莎》和达·芬奇的其他作品还有其他的秘密要告诉我们。）”可知，文章主要介绍的是科学家们用X光对著名画作《蒙娜丽莎》进行分析，对其颜料使用有了新的发现，揭示了这幅画作一个隐藏的秘密。因此，B项“《蒙娜丽莎》的新秘密”适合作为文章标题。故选B。
二、
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一系列关于如何应对焦虑时刻的建议和策略。
1. G 根据前文“Many people feel anxious in situations that are stressful to them. For example, they may feel anxious about taking tests, meeting new people, or speaking in class.（许多人在有压力的情况下会感到焦虑。例如，他们可能会对考试、结识新朋友或在课堂上发言感到焦虑。）”以及后文“But it’s best to learn how to cope.（但最好学会如何应对。）”可知，G项“If you feel anxious in situations like these, you’re not alone.（如果你在这种情况下感到焦虑，你并不孤单。）”承接上文，“you’re not alone”与上文相呼应，并和下文构成转折关系。故选G。
2. F 根据前文“Some people have a fixed mindset. They might think, ‘This is how I am.’（有些人有固定的心态。他们可能会想，‘我就是这样的人。’）”可知，此处关于有固定心态的人，所以F项“With a fixed mindset, people don’t think things can change.（有了固定的心态，人们就不会认为事情可以改变。）”是对固定心态的人进一步说明，符合此处主题。故选F。
3. A 设空位于段首，应是本段中心句，根据后文“When you’re anxious, you might tell yourself things like, ‘I can’t do this!’ or ‘What if I mess this up?’ Instead, plan to tell yourself something that could help you face the moment with a bit of courage like, ‘I can do this!’ or ‘It’s OK to feel anxious. I can do this anyway.’（当你焦虑的时候，你可能会告诉自己，‘我做不到！’或者‘如果我搞砸了怎么办？’相反，计划告诉自己一些可以帮助你鼓起勇气面对这一时刻的话，比如，‘我能做到！’或者‘感到焦虑是正常的。反正我也能做到。’）”可知，本段讲述要说服自己克服焦虑，所以A项“Talk yourself through it.（说服自己克服它）”符合文意，为本段小标题。故选A。
4. E 设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Notice how anxiety affects your body. When you’re anxious, do you feel ‘butterflies’ in your stomach? Sweaty palms? Shaky hands? A faster heartbeat? These physical feelings can be uncomfortable but they aren’t harmful. You can cope. You don’t have to push the feelings away.（注意焦虑如何影响你的身体。当你焦虑的时候，你会感到“蝴蝶”在你的胃里吗？手心出汗吗？手抖吗？心跳加快吗？这些身体上的感觉可能会让人不舒服，但它们并没有害处。你可以应付。你不必把这种感觉推开。）”可知，焦虑时，身体会有反应，但是可以不必把这种感觉推开，所以E项“Try to notice them without getting upset that they’re there.（试着去注意他们，不要因为他们的存在而感到不安。）”承接上文，符合文意。故选E。
5. C 设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Face the situation — don’t wait for anxiety to go away. You might think that you’ll put off speaking in class or talking to that new person until you no longer feel anxious about it. But it doesn’t work that way.（面对现实——不要坐等焦虑消失。你可能会认为你会推迟在课堂上讲话或与陌生人交谈，直到你不再感到焦虑。但事实并非如此。）”可知，此处讲述逃避焦虑是不能解决问题的，所以C项“It’s facing the anxiety that helps you lower it.（面对焦虑能帮助你降低焦虑。）”提出了切实可行的方法，承接上文。故选C。