2024新高二·英语暑假作业 第6周 第3天

2024新高二·英语暑假作业

第6周 第3天

______月______日    星期__________    姓名：__________

【阅读训练】
一、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Costa Rica is full of unique animals found nowhere else on Earth. And you could help nurse some of these injured forest animals back to health while you live and volunteer in Costa Rica for up to 10 weeks!
On this all-inclusive volunteer trip, not only do you get to live and volunteer with a trusted wildlife rehabilitation (康复) organisation in Costa Rica. When you go with Global, you get:
Pre-Departure Guide—Our in-depth pre-departure guide will have all the information you need about your trip & destination, at your fingertips.
Dedicated Trip Coordinator—Hand-picked from an experienced team who’ve been there, done that and ready to guide you through your entire journey.
Accommodation & Meals—Relax in your shared dorm accommodation on-site, with free Wi-Fi and a community atmosphere, and enjoy nutritious Costa Rican cuisine.
Certificate of Completion—In recognition of your hard work and dedication throughout the experience, and it goes very well with your future résumé.
Can you picture it? You spend your days doing various tasks around the sanctuary (禁猎区). Anything from repairing enclosures, feeding the animals, maintaining gardens, or taking photos of the animals.
For most people, getting to see one of these animals is a bucket-list experience. Especially if they get to interact and help with the rehabilitation of these injured forest animals. Seeing a sloth pick its way through the canopy is one thing. But interacting with a sloth every day, and watching it make progress as it heals from its injuries, is a once-in-a-lifetime experience.
1. What is a unique experience for volunteers in Costa Rica?
A. Doing wildlife research.     B. Admiring forest scenery.
C. Attending to injured animals.     D. Taking photos for social media.
2. What is guaranteed for volunteers in Costa Rica?
A. Training before departure.     B. Certificate of participation.
C. Single-room accommodation.    D. Hand-picked travel companions.
3. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To persuade.     B. To entertain.
C. To analyze.     D. To report.
B
Michael and his wife, new residents in a San Francisco apartment, learned about their neighbor Jeff Dunan’s volunteer work for Bangladesh Relief, an organization that provides food, clothing and essential supplies for disadvantaged people in northern Bangladesh. Inspired, Michael donated $150 to Dunan’s GoFundMe campaign. However, a credit card notification alerted him to an unintended $15,041 charge.
When he saw the five-figure number, he was confused. Soon, it all made sense. Michael’s credit card number started with four and one. Clearly, he accidentally began typing his credit card information while his cursor (光标) was still in the donation box.
Michael planned to call Dunan to explain, but before he had the chance to do that, he started receiving Facebook messages from Shohag Chandra, the charity’s Bangladesh-based program manager, thanking him for his generous donation. After he looked through the photos of people holding thank-you signs that read his name, Michael’s heart sank. He felt terrible that he had to withdraw his handsome donation. Once his original contribution was refunded, he decided to donate $1,500.
Although Michael had told his family and friends about the tale, he decided to share it publicly on social media, after Dunan told him the organization was desperately in need of funds. “The least I could do was take the time to post this story online and see if I could inspire other people to donate to the cause,” Michael said.
Little did he know, though, that the story would be seen far and wide, ending up raising more than $120,000 for Bangladesh Relief in the span of only a few weeks—about eight times Michael’s mistaken donation. According to Dunan, more than 3,700 people have contributed because of Michael’s post. Michael has been stunned (震惊) by the ongoing outpouring of support. “Never in my wildest dreams did I imagine this reaction,” he said. “People can be amazing when they come together for something like this.”
4. How did Michael make the large donation?
A. He input an incorrect amount.     B. He encountered a system error.
C. He was greatly inspired by Dunan.    D. He entered wrong credit card details.
5. Why did Michael’s heart sink according to Paragraph 3?
A. He saw people in despair.     B. He failed to offer enough money.
C. He didn’t receive the full refund.     D. He realized the scale of his mistake.
6. What motivated Michael to share the story on social media?
A. Dunan’s request for publicity.     B. A desire for personal recognition.
C. The organization’s urgent need for funds.     D. Pressure from his family and friends.
7. What message does the story convey?
A. Actions speak louder than words.     B. Many hands make light work.
C. Always prepare for a rainy day.     D. A good beginning is half of victory.
C
Carl Wieman, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist at Stanford University, excelled in the lab, where he created the Bose-Einstein condensate (玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态). However, his mastery in the lab did not extend to the classroom. For years, he wrestled with what seemed to be a straightforward task; making undergraduates comprehend physics as he did. Laying it out for them—explaining, even demonstrating the core concepts of the discipline—was not working. Despite his clear explanations, his students’ capacity to solve the problems he posed to them remained inadequate.
It was in an unexpected place that he found the key to the problem: not in his classrooms but among the graduate students (研究生) who came to work in his lab. When his PH. D. candidates entered the lab, Wieman noticed, their habits of thought were no less narrow and rigid than the undergraduates. Within a year or two, however, these same graduate students transformed into the flexible thinkers he was trying so earnestly, and unsuccessfully, to cultivate. “Some kind of intellectual process must have been missing from the traditional education,” Wieman recounts.
A major factor in the graduate students’ transformation, Wieman concluded, was their experience of intense social engagement around a body of knowledge—the hours they spent advising, debating with, and recounting anecdotes to one another. In 2019, a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences backed this idea. Tracking the intellectual advancement of several hundred graduate students in the sciences over the course of four years, its authors found that the development of crucial skills such as generating hypotheses (假设), designing experiments, and analyzing data was closely related to the students’ engagement with their peers in the lab, rather than the guidance they received from their faculty mentors (导师).
Wieman is one of a growing number of Stanford professors who are bringing this “active learning” approach to their courses. His aspiration is to move science education away from the lecture format, toward a model that is more active and more engaged.
8. What problem did Carl Wieman have with his undergraduates?
A. Making them excel in the lab.    B. Demonstrating lab experiments.
C. Facilitating their all-round development.    D. Enhancing their physics problem-solving.
9. Which of the following best describes the graduate students who first joined Wieman’s lab?
A. Limited in thinking.     B. Resistant to new ideas.
C. Flexible and earnest.     D. Experienced and cooperative.
10. What is crucial for developing students’ intelligent thought according to the 2019 study?
A. Intense lab work.         B. Peer pressure and evaluation.
C. Academic interaction with fellows.     D. Engagement with external society.
11. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Transforming Graduates’ Habits     B. Carl Wieman’s Nobel Prize Journey
C. The Nobel-Prize Winner’s Struggles     D. Carl Wieman’s Education Innovation
D
Since the 1950s, some 9.2 billion tonnes of plastic have been produced globally, of which only about 10% has ever been recycled. Yet environmentally conscious companies and consumers continue to look to recycling as a way to ease the plastic problem. Manufacturing giants claim to be committed to making more of their products and packaging from recycled materials. However, this confidence masks (掩饰) a complex web of issues around plastic recycling. Recycling rates remain extremely low and critics argue that we should look at alternative ways to tackle plastic pollution.
While many plastics have the potential to be recycled, most are not because the process is costly, complicated and the resulting product of a lower quality than the original. Despite rising demand for recycled plastic, few waste companies turn a profit. Part of this is because virgin plastic—linked to oil prices—is often cheaper than recycled plastic, meaning there is little economic incentive to use it. Worse yet, much of our plastic waste is difficult to recycle. Lightweight food packaging, like a mozzarella packet, contains different plastics, dyes and toxic additives (添加剂). This dirty mix means plastic recycled through mechanical methods—the most common form—can only be melted down and moulded again a couple of times before it becomes too fragile to be reused. And the nature of the process means plastic recycling has a carbon footprint of its own.
Given all of these difficulties, environmental critics say recycling is not the solution—and argue that creating more products from recycled material to attract environmental consciousness merely worsens the problem. “The solution is to use less plastic and to stop misleading the public about the recyclability,” says Enck, president of Beyond Plastics, a US campaign group with a mission to end single-use plastic. “They should stop making false claims about the recyclability of plastics since they know most will either be littered or burned or landfilled (填埋). Using less plastics means shifting to reusable products and relying more on paper, cardboard, glass and metal—all of which should be made from recycled content.”
12. What is an environmentally conscious customer’s attitude towards recycling plastics?
A. Suspicious.    B. Favorable.         
C. Indifferent.     D. Disapproving.
13. What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Motive.     B. Issue.            
C. Crisis.     D. Policy.
14. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The recycling process of plastics.   
B. Pollutants contained in recycled plastics.
C. Reasons why users dislike recycled plastics.
D. Contributing factors to low plastic recycling rates.
15. What will the environmental critics be happy to see according to the text?
A. Using metal or glass food containers.   
B. Littering recycled plastics in a landfill.
C. Processing plastics in a mechanical way.   
D. Launching campaigns to promote recyclability.
二、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever wondered why you want to do something, or what causes people to go through extraordinary pain or personal investment just to achieve a particular outcome?
1   Motivation.
Motivation is the reason for people’s actions, goals, and willingness to pursue the goals. Sometimes it seems difficult to find, but we all have that spark at our core. Here are some ways you can turn that spark back into a flame.
2   If your motivation is fading, notice when this starts to happen and what events could have driven it. You’ll find that you’re more likely to feel bored when you’re in certain environments. As you become more aware of this, you can put yourself in situations where you’re more likely to thrive.
Keep a thankfulness journal.   3   When they’re aware of what they’re thankful for, it drives them in specific areas of their lives. Considering this, you may find value in keeping a thankfulness journal where you regularly list blessings.
Design an accomplishment book. Creative people may do well to design an accomplishment book with images of past work and accomplishments as a form of encouragement. It can be as informal or formal as you’d like. It might be a simple scrapbook you keep at your desk, or a professionally printed booklet that you keep by your bed.   4   
Get out of the house. If your life consists of going to work, coming home, watching Netflix, and going to sleep, you shouldn’t be surprised that you’re unmotivated.   5   Stretching yourself will expose you to new ideas, activities, and people, which will either strike up new motivation or rekindle things you have forgotten about.
A. What’s the possible solution?
B. Identify when motivation slips.
C. What’s at the heart of this issue?
D. Decide what works best for you and give it a try.
E. A thankfulness journal is a perfect way to show your gratitude to others.
F. Some people find that thankfulness and motivation are directly connected.
G. Make it a point to go outdoors and try new things even when you don’t want to.

参考答案

一、
A
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个旨在救助哥斯达黎加受伤的野生动物的志愿者项目。
1. C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“you could help nurse some of these injured forest animals back to health”以及最后一段中的“watching it make progress as it heals from its injuries, is a once-in-a-lifetime experience”可知，照顾受伤的动物是这个志愿者项目中独特的经历。故选C。
2. B 细节理解题。根据文章第四个小标题Certificate of Completion可知，在志愿活动结束后会颁发证书以认证志愿者的努力和付出。A选项中的training在文中未能体现，第一个小标题使用的是guide这一词；C选项中single-room和第三个小标题后面提到的shared room相悖；D选项中的companion和第二个小标题中的coordinator（协调员）不一致。故选B。
3. A 写作意图题。倒数第二段以设问句开头，展示志愿者项目中的丰富的活动以吸引读者加入；最后一段通过阐述该志愿者项目的独特性再次引起读者的兴趣。因此，本文的主要目的是说服读者加入该志愿者项目。故选A。
B
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了主人公Michael输错捐款金额后将故事分享到网上，吸引了更多人关注孟加拉国的灾情，募集到了更多的资金。
4. A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Michael的信用卡号开头数字是4和1。他显然是在光标还停留在捐款金额那一栏的时候就开始输入自己的信用卡号了，所以最后的金额由原来计划的150美元变成了15041美元。故选A。
5. D 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，在Michael准备给Dunan打电话解释之前，该慈善团体的项目经理Chandra在Facebook感谢了他。他还看到许多照片，照片里人们举着感谢Michael的标牌。因此，此时他认识到自己的大笔捐款产生了很大的影响，所以开始后悔自己申请退款的举动。故选D。
6. C 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Michael是在Dunan告诉了他这个团体急需资金之后决定在网上分享这件事的。故选C。
7. B 主旨大意题。本文主要叙述了Michael为什么一开始决定捐款、捐款金额有误的原因以及后续如何吸引了更多人捐款的故事。故事始于Michael一个人的善意，结尾时3700多人都加入了捐款活动，短时间内就筹集到了大笔资金。因此，B项“众人拾柴火焰高”符合题意。故选B。
C
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔物理学奖获得者Carl Wieman试图帮助本科学生提高解决问题的能力而进行的教学创新。这位斯坦福大学的教授通过观察他的研究生，发现促进他们思维能力提升的主要因素是围绕知识体系进行的密集的学术交流。于是，越来越多的教授在课程教学中采用这种方法，将科学教育从传统的讲座形式转向一种更积极、更投入的模式。
8. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的最后一句“Despite its clear explanations, his students’ capacity to solve the problems he posed to them remained inadequate.”可知，他的学生（本科生）仍然无法提高解决他提出的问题的能力。故选D。
9. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“…their habits of thought were no less narrow and rigid than the undergraduates.”可知，他们（研究生）的思维习惯和本科生一样狭隘僵化。故选A。
10. C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the development of crucial skills such as … was closely related to the students’ engagement with their peers in the lab”可知，2019年的研究发现学生关键思维能力的发展和在实验室里与同龄人的学术交流密切相关。故选C。
11. D 标题归纳题。文章第一段是讲Carl Wieman在教学中发现学生的思维能力和解决问题的能力较差；第二、三段关于他如何找到的解决方案——在实验室的研究生身上发现思维能力的提升关键是和同伴进行的学术交流。第四段是结果——越来越多的教授们在课程教学中采用积极学习的模式。因此，D项“Carl Wieman的教育创新”可作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
D
本文是一篇说明文。公众期望用回收方式来解决塑料污染问题，但实际回收率很低。有很多因素导致回收率低：回收过程代价大、回收公司不能盈利、回收过程复杂且回收本身也有碳排放等。因此，批评人士认为，靠回收不能解决问题，而应该少用塑料制品或用可循环使用的物品替代。
12. B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Yet environmentally conscious companies and consumers continue to look to recycling as a way to ease the plastic problem.”可推知，他们对待塑料回收的态度是支持的（favorable）。故选B。
13. A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Despite rising demand for recycled plastic, few waste companies turn a profit. Part of this is because virgin plastic—linked to oil prices—is often cheaper than recycled plastic, meaning there is little economic incentive to use it.”可知，几乎没有回收公司能从中盈利，部分原因是原生塑料（其价格与石油挂钩）经常比再生塑料还便宜，这就意味着没有经济方面的动力（motive）去回收塑料。故选A。
14. D 段落大意题。根据第一段中的“However, this confidence masks (掩饰) a complex web of issues around plastic recycling.”可知，人们试图依赖回收解决塑料污染问题，这掩盖了一系列有关塑料回收的复杂问题。接下来第二段就谈到导致回收率低的诸多因素——回收过程代价大、回收公司不能盈利、回收过程复杂且回收本身也有碳排放等。因此，D项“导致回收率低的各种因素”正确。故选D。
15. A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The solution is to use less plastic and to stop misleading the public about the recyclability ...”和“Using less plastics means shifting to reusable products and relying more on paper ...”可知，解决塑料污染的办法是少用塑料制品或用可循环使用的纸、玻璃、金属等来替代。故选A。
二、
本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了提高个人动机的几种方法，包括觉察动机减弱的时刻、写感恩日记、设计成就册，以及走出户外尝试新事物。
1. C 空前说“你有没有想过为什么你想做某事，或者是什么让人们经历了巨大的痛苦或进行个人投资，只是为了达到一个特定的结果？”，提出了疑问。空后给出了这些问题的答案“动机”。因此，C项“这个问题的核心是什么？”承上启下，符合语境。
2. B 设空处为段首句。空后说，观察动机减弱的时刻、可能导致这种情况的事件以及如何在动机减退时进行自我反思和调整。因此，B项“识别动力何时减退”引出下文，符合语境。
3. F 空前说“坚持写感恩日记”。空后说“当他们意识到自己所感激的事情时，这会驱动他们在生活的特定领域取得进步”。因此，F项“有些人发现感恩和动机是直接相关的”，解释了为什么写感恩日记会提高动机，承上启下，符合语境。
4. D 段首句说“设计一个成就手册”。空前说“它可以是非正式的，也可以是正式的。它可能是你放在办公桌上的一本简单的剪贴簿，也可能是放在床边的一本专业的印刷小册子”，给出了设计成就手册的多种选择。因此，D项“选择最适合你的方法，然后试试看”承接上文，符合语境。
5. G 段首句说“去户外”。空前说“如果你的生活只有工作、回家、看电视剧和睡觉，那么你没有动力就不足为奇了”。空后说“（出门）活动会让你接触到新的想法、活动和人，这些可能会激发新的动力，或者重新唤起你已经遗忘的事物”。因此，G项“即使你不愿意，也要坚持去户外活动并尝试新事物”给出了建议，以便人们打破日常生活模式和提升动机，承上启下，符合语境。