2024英语寒假作业·高三年级 第1周 第3天

2024英语寒假作业·高三年级

第1周 第3天

【阅读提升】
C
In a paper published recently in Nature Communications, the authors, including experts from China’s Tsinghua University, said that most of the current electricity demand in advanced, industrialized nations can be met by some combination of wind and solar power. “Wind and solar could meet more than 80 percent of demand in many places without crazy amounts of storage or additional generating ability, which is the critical point (临界点),” said co-author Steve Davis, UCI professor of Earth system science, “if we want to have a zero-carbon emission (排放) future without using fossil energy resources”.
The team analyzed 39 years’ worth of hourly energy demand data from 42 major countries to evaluate the adequacy of wind and solar power resources to serve their needs. They found that a full shift to sustainable power resources can be easier for lower-latitude (低纬度的) countries, which can rely on solar power availability throughout the year. The researchers highlighted Germany as an example of a relatively smaller country, in terms of land mass, at higher latitude which will make it more challenging to meet its electricity needs with wind and solar resources.
“Historic data show that countries which are farther from the equator (赤道) can occasionally experience periods during which there is very limited solar and wind power availability,” said lead author Dan Tong, assistant professor of Earth system science at Tsinghua University. “One recent occurrence of this phenomenon in Germany lasted for two weeks, forcing Germans to turn to dispatchable (可调度的) generation, which in many cases is provided by fossil fuel-burning plants.” Among the approaches the researchers suggested to alleviate this problem are building up generating capacity, developing long-term storage capabilities and pooling resources of multiple nations on a continental land mass to make the burden lighter to a certain country.
“Europe provides a good example to help people produce net-zero carbon electricity,” said Tong. “A lot of consistency and reliability could be provided by a system that includes solar resources from Spain, Italy and Greece with plentiful wind available in the Netherlands, Denmark and the Baltic region.
1. What does Steve Davis imply by saying “critical point”?
A. Electricity demand will be beyond human control in the future.
B. Carbon emission will be reduced by using wind and solar power.
C. Electricity generating can be replaced by wind and solar power.
D. Fossil energy will be used with zero-carbon emissions in the future.
2. What can make a country rely on solar power all the year?
A. Having a large land of its own.
B. Having a small population.
C. Being developed in all respects.
D. Being located near the equator.
3. What does the underlined word “alleviate” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Ease.    B. Stress.    C. Accept.    D. Arrange.
4. What can we learn from Tong’s words in the last paragraph?
A. People can solve increasing energy demand in the future like Europe.
B. Many countries in Europe have a lot of solar resources to make electricity.
C. Europe has managed to produce net-zero carbon electricity on the continent.
D. Countries on a continent can rely on each other to produce zero-carbon electricity.
【重点词汇】
1. publish  v. __________    2. demand   n. __________
3. advanced  adj. __________    4. storage  n. __________
5. generate  v. __________    6. analyze  v. __________
7. evaluate  v. __________    8. shift  n. __________
9. sustainable  adj. __________    10. availability  n. __________
【长难句翻译】
1. In a paper published recently in Nature Communications, the authors, including experts from China’s Tsinghua University, said that most of the current electricity demand in advanced, industrialized nations can be met by some combination of wind and solar power.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Among the approaches the researchers suggested to alleviate this problem are building up generating capacity, developing long-term storage capabilities and pooling resources of multiple nations on a continental land mass to make the burden lighter to a certain country.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
D
Over the past decades, experts have done a considerable amount of research to explore different ways to encourage children’s learning. Especially, there has been a common focus on how physical activity, separated from the learning activities, can improve children’s learning. However, there has been less of a focus aimed at the potential of integrating (合并) physical activity into the learning activities.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen conducted the Basketball Mathematics study at five Danish primary and elementary schools. The main purpose of it was to develop a learning activity that integrates basketball and mathematics and examine how it might affect children’s motivation for mathematics.
756 children from 40 different classes participated in the project, where about half of them — once a week for six weeks — had Basketball Mathematics during gym class, while the other half played basketball without mathematics.
“During classes with Basketball Mathematics, the children had to collect numbers and perform calculations associated with various basketball exercises. An example could be counting how many times they could sink a basket from three meters away vs at a one-meter distance, and adding up the numbers. Both the math and basketball elements could be adjusted to suit the children’s levels, as well as being adjusted for whether it was addition, multiplication or some other operations that needed to be practiced,” explains Linn Damsgaard, a leading researcher.
The results showed that children’s motivation for math integrated with basketball was 16% higher compared to classroom math learning. Children also experienced a 14% increase in self-determination compared with classroom teaching. Meanwhile Basketball Mathematics improved their math confidence.
“We are planning to do research to examine whether the Basketball Mathematics model can strengthen performance in mathematics. Once we have the final results, we hope that they will inspire school teachers and principals to prioritize (优先处理) more physical activity and movement in such subjects. Eventually, we hope to succeed in putting these tools into school system and teacher education,” says Associate Professor Jacob Wienecke.
5. What is the purpose of paragraph 1?
A. To show the advantage of the study.    B. To explain the reason for the study.
C. To conduct a review of past research.    D. To introduce a way to raise math grades.
6. What can we learn about the study?
A. Kids couldn’t enjoy basketball in the process.
B. Kids were divided into 40 groups.
C. It required kids to do math after playing basketball.
D. It tailored activities to different kids.
7. What effect does basketball have on the participants?
A. More motivation for exercise.    B. More confidence in basketball.
C. A gain in desire to learn math.    D. A rise in determination to learn.
8. How does Jacob Wienecke expect the study to help educators?
A. Make math learning easier.    B. Inspire students’ math confidence.
C. Build physical activity into teaching.    D. Notice the benefits of physical exercise.
【重点词汇】
1. considerable  adj. __________    2. separate  v. __________
3. conduct  v. __________    4. affect  v. __________
5. motivation  n. __________    6. participate  v. __________
7. associate  v. __________    8. strengthen  v. __________
【长难句翻译】
1. Especially, there has been a common focus on how physical activity, separated from the learning activities, can improve children’s learning.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. We are planning to do research to examine whether the Basketball Mathematics model can strengthen performance in mathematics.
_______________________________________________________________________________
七选五
You have been told more than once to gain greater confidence and believe your best days may still lie ahead. Now I tell you some secrets of improving confidence.
When you look good, you feel good. So take pride in your appearance. Make it a point to practice good hygiene (卫生), and get dressed each morning like you are going to work.
1   Then you’ll find that your opinion of yourself becomes more positive.
Activities like learning to paint or play an instrument, studying a foreign language, and taking dance lessons or writing classes help inspire the natural desire to learn and master a new skill.
2   But it shows you can still accomplish new things and find enjoyment in them. This also reminds you that it’s okay to make mistakes, so you can improve and grow, which helps build self-confidence.
3   Find a fitness challenge that you need to overcome, create a plan, and then work to meet that goal. Any form of exercise is beneficial for both physical and mental health. Regular exercise also helps you build confidence, while setting a challenge with mini-goals along the way lets you experience the wonderful feeling of accomplishment.
It’s not easy to go out and interact with people as you age.   4   Lack of confidence can make socializing a challenge, so it is a good idea to volunteer. Choose something you enjoy that also provides personal interaction and gives you a chance to use your available skills.
Help from your friends and teachers allows you to work through barriers that affect confidence. Never be afraid to seek help when you need it.   5  
A. Face new challenges bravely.
B. Challenge yourself physically.
C. Being a beginner again is tough.
D. It’s always a good thing to help each other.
E. Make efforts to improve your appearance.
F. You will improve your confidence instantly.
G. And this is even harder when you feel less confident.
【重点词汇】
1. appearance  n. __________    2. desire  n. __________
3. accomplish  v. __________    4. challenge  n. __________
5. regular  adj.__________    6. socialize  v. __________
【长难句翻译】
Regular exercise also helps you build confidence, while setting a challenge with mini-goals along the way lets you experience the wonderful feeling of accomplishment.
_______________________________________________________________________________

参考答案

C
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对处于低纬度的工业化国家来说，风能与太阳能的结合能够满足其对电力80%以上的需求。
1. B 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“Wind and solar could meet more than 80 percent of demand in many places... which is the critical point”以及“if we want to have a zero-carbon emission (排放) future without using fossil energy resources”可推知，Steve Davis提到“临界点”是为了说明通过使用风能和太阳能可以减少碳排放。故选B。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“a full shift to sustainable power resources can be easier for lower-latitude (低纬度的) countries, which can rely on solar power availability throughout the year”以及第三段第一句中的“countries which are farther from the equator (赤道) can occasionally experience periods during which there is very limited solar and wind power availability”可知，一个国家的地理位置越接近赤道，就越可能全年依靠太阳能。故选D。
3. A 词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“to make the burden lighter to a certain country”可推知，画线词所在句表示研究人员提出的缓解这一问题的方法包括发展发电能力、发展长期储存能力并将一个大陆上多个国家的资源集中起来，以减轻某个国家的负担。由此可推知，画线词应意为“减轻，缓解”，与A项意思相近。故选A。
4. D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“pooling resources of multiple nations on a continental land mass”以及最后一段第一句中的“Europe provides a good example to help people produce net-zero carbon electricity”和下文所列举的几个国家可推知，Tong旨在强调处于同一个区域里的国家可以互相合作，利用风能和太阳能来制造零碳电力。故选D。
【重点词汇】
1. publish  v. 出版；发行    2. demand   n. 要求；所需之物
3. advanced  adj. 先进的；高级的    4. storage  n. 贮存；储藏
5. generate  v. 产生；引起    6. analyze  v. 分析
7. evaluate  v. 估计；评价    8. shift  n. 改变；转变
9. sustainable  adj. 可持续的；合理利用的    10. availability  n. 有效；可利用性
【长难句翻译】
1. In a paper published recently in Nature Communications, the authors, including experts from China’s Tsinghua University, said that most of the current electricity demand in advanced, industrialized nations can be met by some combination of wind and solar power.
在最近发表在《自然通讯》上的一篇论文中，包括中国清华大学专家在内的作者表示，先进工业化国家目前的大部分电力需求都可以通过风能和太阳能的某种组合来满足。
2. Among the approaches the researchers suggested to alleviate this problem are building up generating capacity, developing long-term storage capabilities and pooling resources of multiple nations on a continental land mass to make the burden lighter to a certain country.
研究人员建议的缓解这一问题的方法包括建立发电能力，发展长期存储能力，并在大陆上汇集多个国家的资源，以减轻某个国家的负担。
D
本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，篮球和数学的结合可以激励小学生学习数学，增强自主能力和对数学的信心。
5. B 目的意图题。第一段主要讲述的是专家以前研究的普遍重点——体力活动如何能够提升学生的学习，很少有人关注体力活动和学习活动合并的潜力。第二段话锋一转，提到“进行的篮球数学研究的主要目的是……”。由此可知，第一段的作用是说明进行该研究的原因或者提供进行该研究的背景。故选B。
6. D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Both the math and basketball elements could be adjusted to suit the children’s levels... needed to be practiced”可推知，这项研究根据孩子的不同水平定制不同的活动。故选D。
7. C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The results showed that children’s motivation for math integrated with basketball was 16% higher compared to classroom math learning”可知，研究发现，与篮球一起进行的数学学习会提升孩子学习数学的积极性。故选C。
8. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“we hope that they will inspire school teachers... putting these tools into the school system and teacher education”可知，Jacob Wienecke希望他们的研究能激励老师和校长优先把更多体育活动和运动与这类科目融合，最终把这些“工具”融入到教学中。故选C。
【重点词汇】
1. considerable  adj. 相当多的    2. separate  v. 使分离；使分散
3. conduct  v. 组织；实施    4. affect  v. 影响
5. motivation  n. 动机；动力    6. participate  v. 参与；参加
7. associate  v. 联想；联系    8. strengthen  v. 加强；增强
【长难句翻译】
1. Especially, there has been a common focus on how physical activity, separated from the learning activities, can improve children’s learning.
特别是，人们普遍关注如何用与学习活动分离的体育活动来改善儿童的学习。
2. We are planning to do research to examine whether the Basketball Mathematics model can strengthen performance in mathematics.
我们正计划做一些研究检查篮球数学模型是否可以提高数学成绩。
七选五
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高自信心的方法。
1. E 本段围绕保持良好的外表展开，空前提到“take pride in your appearance”，空后讲到“然后你会发现你对自己的看法变得更积极”，因此E项“努力改善自己的外表”符合语境。故选E。
2. C 空前提到的“a new skill”及空后提到的“accomplish new things”与C项中的beginner相呼应；且空处与空后一句构成转折关系。故选C。
3. B 本空为段落主旨句。根据空后内容，尤其是其中的“Find a fitness challenge”“Any form of exercise”“Regular exercise”可知，本段内容与身体上的挑战有关。故选B。
4. G 空前提到随着年龄的增长，出去与人交流并不容易，空后提到缺乏信心会让社交成为一个挑战。由此可知，空处内容应与社交有关，且涉及信心，因此G项“当你感觉不那么自信时，这就更难了”符合语境。G项中的this指代空前的“go out and interact with people”。故选G。
5. D 本段围绕“求助”这个主题展开，D项“互相帮助总是一件好事”是对前面内容的补充，呼应本段主题。故选D。
【重点词汇】
1. appearance  n. 外貌；出现    2. desire  n. 愿望；欲望
3. accomplish  v. 完成    4. challenge  n. 挑战
5. regular  adj. 有规律的；定时的    6. socialize  v. 交际；使适应社会
【长难句翻译】
Regular exercise also helps you build confidence, while setting a challenge with mini-goals along the way lets you experience the wonderful feeling of accomplishment.
定期锻炼还可以帮助你建立信心，而在此过程中设定小目标的挑战会让你体验到美妙的成就感。