2024新高三·英语暑假作业 第2周 第3天

2024新高三·英语暑假作业

第2周 第3天

______月______日    星期__________    姓名：__________

【阅读训练】
一、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bring It On: The Musical
Bitingly relevant and inspired by the hit film of the same name, Bring It On takes audiences on a high-flying journey that is filled with the complexities of friendship, forgiveness and self-definition.
Uniting some of the freshest and funniest creative minds on Broadway, Bring It On features an original story by Tony Award winner Jeff Whitty, music and lyrics by Tony Award-winning composer Lin-Manuel Miranda, and music supervision by Tony and Grammy Award winner Alex Lacamoire. The production is directed and staged by Tony Award winner Andy Blankenbuehler. It was proposed as a candidate for the Tony Award for Best Musical.
Campbell, the main character, is a cheer-leading star at Truman High School and her senior year should prove the most joyful — she’s been named captain of the team! However, an unexpected redistricting has forced her to spend her final year of high school at the neighboring Jackson High School. Despite challenges, Campbell befriends the school’s dance crew. Together with their headstrong and hardworking leader, Danielle, they form a powerful team for the ultimate competition — the National Championships.
The show’s name alone will fill the seats, and audience’s word of mouth will pack the house. With a colorful variety of characters and an exciting fresh sound, Bring It On is sure to be everything that you hoped for.
1. Who wrote the story that Bring It On is based on?
A. Lin-Manuel Miranda.    B. Jeff Whitty.
C. Andy Blankenbuehler.    D. Alex Lacamoire.
2. What can we learn about The Musical Bring It On?
A. Campbell met great difficulties at first in her new school.
B. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical for its creativity.
C. Campbell changed her school to be the captain of the team.
D. It was adapted from a movie focusing on a complex journey.
3. What is the text?
A. A short story.    B. An introduction to a theater.
C. A film review.    D. An advertisement of a play.
B
In 1975, a San Diego homemaker named Marjorie Rice came across a column in Scientific American about tiling (瓷砖). There is a problem which has interested mathematicians since ancient Greek times. After Rice’s chance encounter with tiling, family members often saw her in the kitchen constantly drawing shapes. “I thought she was just drawing casually (随意),” her daughter Kathy said. But Rice, who took only one year of math in high school, was actually discovering never-before-seen patterns.
Born in Florida, she loved learning and particularly her brief exposure to math, but tight budget and social culture prevented her family from even considering that she might attend college. “For Rice, math was a pleasure,” her son David once said.
Rice gave one of her sons a subscription to Scientific American partly because she could read it carefully while the children were at school. When she read Gardner’s column about tiling as she later recalled in an interview: “I thought it must be wonderful that someone could discover these beautiful patterns which no one had seen before.” She also wrote in an essay, “My interest was engaged by the subject and I wanted to understand every detail of it. Lacking a mathematical background, I developed my own symbol system and in a few months discovered a new type.”
Astonished and delighted, she sent her work to Gardner, who sent it to Doris, a tiling expert at Moravian College. Doris confirmed that Rice’s finding was correct.
Later, Rice declined to lecture on her discoveries, citing shyness, but at Doris’s invitation, she attended a university mathematics meeting, where she was introduced to the audience. Rice still said nothing of her achievements to her children, but they eventually found out as the awards mounted.
4. Why did Rice often draw shapes in the kitchen?
A. To become a mathematician.    B. To explore the secret of tiling.
C. To fill her leisure time.    D. To show her passion for drawing.
5. What can we learn about Rice from Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. She longed to start a column.    B. She was rejected from a college.
C. She was good at designing patterns.    D. She succeeded in developing a system.
6. What is the text mainly about?
A. The magic of math.    B. The efforts of Rice.
C. The humility of Rice.    D. The patterns of tiling.
7. What can we learn from the Rice’s experience?
A. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.   
B. Actions speak louder than words.
C. Every cloud has a silver lining.   
D. Practice makes perfect.
C
Researchers have long known that the brain links kinds of new facts, related or not, when they are learned about the same time. For the first time, scientists have recorded routes in the brain of that kind of contextual memory, the frequent change of thoughts and emotions that surrounds every piece of newly learned information.
The recordings, taken from the brains of people awaiting surgery for epilepsy (癫痫), suggest that new memories of even abstract facts are encoded (编码) in a brain-cell order that also contains information about what else was happening during and just before the memory was formed.
In the new study, doctors from the University of Pennsylvania and Vanderbilt University took recordings from a small piece of metal implanted in the brains of 69 people with severe epilepsy. The implants allow doctors to pinpoint the location of the flash floods of brain activity that cause epileptic happening. The patients performed a simple memory task. They watched a series of nouns appear on a computer screen, and after a brief disturbance recalled as many of the words as they could, in any order. Repeated trials, with different lists of words, showed a predictable effect: the participants tended to remember the words in groups, beginning with one and recalling those that were just before or after.
This pattern, which scientists call the contiguity effect, is similar to what often happens in the card game concentration, in which players try to identify pairs in a row of cards lying face-down. Pairs overturned close are often remembered together. The way the process works, the researchers say, is something like reconstructing a night’s activities after a hangover: remembering a fact (a broken table) recalls a scene (dancing), which in turn brings to mind more facts, like the other people who were there.
Sure enough, the people in the study whose neural (神经) updating signals were strongest showed the most striking pattern of remembering words in groups. “When you activate one memory, you are reactivating a little bit of what was happening around the time the memory was formed, and this process is what gives you that feeling of time travel,” said Dr Michael J. Kahana.
8. What does “contextual memory” refer to according to the text?
A. Memories about the past facts.    B. Unrelated facts linked together.
C. Ideas and feelings around new facts.    D. New facts encoded into brain alone.
9. What is the purpose of studying patients with epilepsy?
A. To track the brain activity of contextual memory.
B. To find the brain activity causing epilepsy.
C. To show the formation of memory.
D. To test the new cure for epilepsy.
10. What do the underlined words “contiguity” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Implication.    B. Similarity.   
C. Contrast.    D. Neighborhood.
11. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. The feature of the research method.   
B. The category of the research subjects.
C. A brief summary of the research process.   
D. A further explanation of the research results.
D
American families don’t save money like they used to. In 2018 the personal saving rate was somewhere around 7%, which is well below the rate of a few decades ago.
There are a lot of potential explanations for this. Wage growth has slowed while necessities such as housing and medical care have grown more expensive. The rise of easy credit has made overspending easier than ever. And the number of people who make a budget is decreasing.
Now, a team of U.S. and Canadian economists have proposed a new explanation for the declining savings rate, one rooted in individual psychology. At its heart lies a simple observation: Spending is a lot more visible than not spending. Humans are social creatures, and we have a tendency to evaluate our own standing in life relative to how our friends and neighbors are doing. We want to keep up with the Joneses, and stay ahead of the Smiths. Because of this, when we see other people spending money we have a tendency to believe that we can — or should — be spending too. Nowadays, changes in the media landscape have made other people’s spending more visible than ever. That, in turn, is making all of us spend even more — and save even less.
David Hirshleifer, one of the economists, said that “it’s easy to think that you’re saving enough because you are not throwing luxury parties or taking expensive journeys the way some people you know are.” But, he warned, “those journeys and parties may not really be typical of your acquaintances — they just stand out in memory.”
The economists imply that finding ways to make non-spending more visible might help individuals develop more realistic views of overall spending and saving behavior. “Make a special effort to notice when your friends are careful with money, such as holding on to their 15-year-old car,” Hirshleifer said.
12. Which of the following is a potential explanation for the low saving rate in America?
A. The reduction in the income.    B. The easy access to money.
C. The growing desire for housing.    D. The difficulty in sticking to a budget.
13. The “individual psychology” mentioned in paragraph 3 refers to a tendency to ______.
A. show off wealth    B. connect with others
C. compare oneself to others    D. adapt oneself to social change
14. What is the warning of David Hirshleifer?
A. It is improper to copy others’ spending habits.
B. It is unwise to spend more than one can afford.
C. One may spend too much on journeys and parties.
D. One may have misunderstanding of others’ spending habits.
15. What do the economists suggest people do?
A. Make good use of money.
B. Save as much money as possible.
C. Pay attention to non-spending behavior.
D. Change overall spending and saving behavior.
二、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
One of my bad habits is saying “busy” when people ask me how I’m doing. Sometimes it’s because I actually am busy, but other times it’s because that’s what I think I’m supposed to say. That’s what important or promoted people say.   1   So why are we so proud to talk about how busy we are all the time?
In 2016, researchers conducted a study to figure it out.   2   And interestingly, these status attributions (归属) are heavily influenced by our own beliefs. In other words, the more we believe that one has the opportunity for success based on hard work, the more we tend to think that people who always skip leisure and work are of higher standing.
That’s why we feel like we have to appear busy, and there’s a real perception that if someone is knee-deep in meetings, emails, and stress, then they’re probably a big deal.   3   According to a recent study, one in five highly engaged employees is at risk of burnout.
4   It sounds self-righteous (自以为是) and sets the wrong tone. Phrases like “I have limited access to email” and “I’ll respond as soon as I get back” sound like you’re being held against your will from working as opposed to making the most of your time off.
That’s why we recently launched the Out of Office Email Generator, a free tool you can use before your next long weekend or trip.   5   Managers need to think twice about emailing their teams on the weekend and talking about how busy they are, and so do leaders.
A. Actually, leading a busy life can be avoidable.
B. But working long hours doesn’t drive better results.
C. A person of high status feels tired when promoted.
D. Busy people are found to be those with high social rank.
E. You can share you won’t be checking the mailbox till you return.
F. This culture of busyness is making it hard to find work-life balance.
G. Personally, I’m going to stop saying “busy” when people ask me how I am.

参考答案

一、
A
本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了音乐剧《Bring It On（加油）》的创作背景、故事情节和艺术特点。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Bring It On features an original story by Tony Award winner Jeff Whitty.”可知，Jeff Whitty是音乐剧《Bring It On》的原创故事作者。故选B。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“an unexpected redistricting has forced her to spend her final year of high school at the neighboring Jackson High School.”可知，Campbell转到新学校Jackson High School后面临挑战。故选A。
3. D 推理判断题。根据文章的内容和特点，特别是最后一句“With a colorful variety of characters and an exciting fresh sound, Bring It On is sure to be everything that you hoped for.”可知，这是一篇关于即将上演的音乐剧的广告。故选D。
B
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了1975年圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里·赖斯（Marjorie Rice）的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，Rice经常在厨房里画形状，虽缺乏数学背景（高中只学了一年数学），但她凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，坚持不懈，发现了以前从未见过的图案。
4. B 推理判断题。由第一段中“After Rice’s chance encounter with tiling, family members often saw her in the kitchen constantly drawing shapes.（Rice偶然接触瓷砖后，家人经常看到她在厨房里不停地画形状）”和第三段中“She also wrote in an essay, ‘My interest was engaged by the subject and I wanted to understand every detail of it.’（她还在一篇文章中写道，‘我对这个主题很感兴趣，我想了解它的每一个细节’）”可知，Rice对瓷砖这个主题很感兴趣，想了解它的每一个细节，可得出因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，所以Rice经常在厨房里画形状。故选B。
5. D 细节理解题。由第三段中“Lacking a mathematical background, I developed my own symbol system and in a few months discovered a new type.（由于缺乏数学背景，我开发了自己的符号系统，并在几个月内发现了一种新的类型）”可知，Rice成功地开发了一个系统。故选D。
6. B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，1975年圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里·赖斯（Marjorie Rice）的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，Rice经常在厨房里画形状，虽缺乏数学背景（高中只学了一年数学），但她凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，坚持不懈，发现了以前从未见过的图案，B项“赖斯的努力”符合文意。故选B。
7. A 推理判断题。Rice虽缺乏数学背景（高中只学了一年数学），但她凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，坚持不懈，发现了以前从未见过的图案，我们可以从Rice的经历中学到“世上无难事，只怕有心人（Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.）”。故选A。
C
本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对69名严重癫痫患者的研究介绍了邻接效应，表示大脑中出现那种上下文记忆是因为邻接效应，并具体讲述了研究过程。
8. C 细节理解题。由第一段中“For the first time, scientists have recorded routes in the brain of that kind of contextual memory, the frequent change of thoughts and emotions that surrounds every piece of newly learned information.（科学家们首次记录了这种上下文记忆在大脑中的路径，即围绕每一条新学习信息的思想和情绪的频繁变化）”可知，“contextual memory”指的是围绕新事实的想法和感受。故选C。
9. A 细节理解题。由第二段和第三段中内容可知，研究癫痫患者，让其进行一项简单的记忆任务（干扰后，以任何顺序回忆起尽可能多的单词），是为了记录了这种上下文记忆在大脑中的路径，即为了追踪上下文记忆的大脑活动。故选A。
10. D 词义猜测题。由第三段中“The participants tended to remember the words in groups, beginning with one and recalling those that were just before or after.（参与者倾向于分组记住单词，从一个单词开始，并回忆之前或之后的单词）”可知，在记忆时被实验者会回忆一个单词之前或之后的单词，即回忆临近的单词；再结合第四段中“This pattern, which scientists call the contiguity effect, is similar to what often happens in the card game concentration, in which players try to identify pairs in a row of cards lying face-down. Pairs overturned close are often remembered together.（这种模式，科学家称之为contiguity效应，类似于纸牌游戏集中时经常发生的情况，即玩家试图识别脸朝下的一排纸牌中的成对纸牌。翻得很近的一对纸牌经常被记在一起）”讲翻得很近的一对纸牌经常被记在一起，这也是表明离得近容易被记住，划线词义为“与某处临近的地方（Neighborhood）”，可得出科学家称之为“邻接效应”。故选D。
11. D 主旨大意题。由第五段Dr Michael J. Kahana.的话“When you activate one memory, you are reactivating a little bit of what was happening around the time the memory was formed, and this process is what gives you that feeling of time travel,”可知，第五段主要是对研究结果的进一步解释。故选D。
D
本文是一篇议论文。文章分析了美国储蓄率下降的原因，包括经济因素和个体心理因素，
强调社会比较和消费可见性的影响，并提出了对策。
12. B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The rise of easy credit has made overspending easier than ever.”可知，容易获得贷款是导致储蓄率下降的一个潜在原因，因为它让超支变得比以往任何时候都容易。故选B。
13. C 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Humans are social creatures, and we have a tendency to evaluate our own standing in life relative to how our friends and neighbors are doing.”可知，人们倾向于与他人进行比较，以评估自己的生活状况。故选C。
14. D 推理判断题。根据David Hirshleifer的警告“those journeys and parties may not really be typical of your acquaintances — they just stand out in memory.”可知，人们对别人的消费习惯可能存在误解，认为别人经常举办奢华的聚会或进行昂贵的旅行，但这些活动可能并不是他们经常做的事，只是因为这些活动显眼，所以更容易留在记忆中。故选D。
15. C 细节理解题。在最后一段中，一位经济学家提出了一个建议：“Make a special effort to notice when your friends are careful with money ...” 这个建议是关于人们应该关注非消费行为——例如朋友们如何节约使用资金。这表明，通过注意和肯定非消费行为，人们可能会形成更现实的消费和储蓄行为观念。故选C。
二、
本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了人们为何常以“忙碌”自居、反思这种忙碌文化并提供了实用的建议。
1. B 空前说“我有一个坏习惯，就是当别人问我近况如何时，我总是说‘忙’。有时候确实是因为我真的很忙，但其他时候则是因为我觉得应该这么说。因为我认为重要或者得到提拔的人都会这样说”，说明了作者认为“忙”有一定的好处。空后说“我们为什么总是以谈论自己有多忙为荣呢？”，提出了疑问。由此推知，空前与空后内容存在转折关系。因此，B项“但是长时间工作并不能带来更好的结果”承上启下，符合语境。
2. D 空前说“2016年，研究人员进行了一项研究来寻找答案”。空后说“有趣的是，这些地位归属受到我们自己信念的极大影响。换句话说，我们越是相信一个人有机会在努力工作的基础上获得成功，我们就越倾向于认为那些总是放弃休闲、专心工作的人地位更高”，解释了我们为什么认为忙碌的人社会地位高。因此，D项“忙碌的人往往是那些社会地位很高的人”给出了研究结果，承上启下，符合语境。
3. F 空前说“这就是为什么我们觉得必须显得很忙，人们普遍认为，如果某人整天忙于开会、处理邮件和感受压力，那么他们可能很重要”。空后说“根据最近的一项研究，五分之一的高度敬业的员工有倦怠的风险”，指出了忙碌文化的不良后果。因此，F项“这种忙碌的文化使得人们很难找到工作与生活的平衡”承上启下，符合语境。
4. G 设空处为段首句。空后说“这听起来有些自以为是，而且定错了基调。像‘我的电子邮件访问权限有限’和‘我一回来就会尽快回复’的措辞听起来好像你被迫停止工作，而不是充分利用你的休假时间”，暗示作者不赞成忙碌工作，提倡充分利用休假时间。因此，G项“就我个人而言，我打算在别人问我过得怎么样时，不再说‘忙’”符合语境。
5. E 空前说“这就是为什么我们最近推出了‘非办公时间自动回复’，这是一个免费工具，你可以在下一个长周末或旅行之前使用”。因此，E项“你可以表明你在回来之前不会查看邮箱”给出了建议，以便人们在休息时不被工作干扰，承接上文，符合语境。