2024新高三·英语暑假作业 第6周 第3天

2024新高三·英语暑假作业

第6周 第3天

______月______日    星期__________    姓名：__________

【阅读训练】
一、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Oklahoma School Testing Program for English Language Arts
Purpose
This testing assessment system utilizes different types of assessment to gather multiple pieces of evidence to provide timely, relevant, actionable, and reliable information about what students know and can do relative to a set of standards.
Test Structure, Format, and Scoring
The English Language Arts operational test is meant to be administered in two sessions within one day with a break between sessions or on two instructional days in a row. Each section of the test consists of 25 operational items and 5 field-test items.
Short constructed-response items provide students with the opportunity to respond to items in their own words. A typical response is 1-3 sentences. Each multiple-choice item is scored as correct or incorrect. Technology-enhanced items are worth one point and are scored as correct or incorrect.
Test Administration Details
Paper/pencil testing is administrated in this test. Due to the nature of a paper test booklet, students may have to flip pages to read passages and to read the associated test items.
Students will be able to use scratch paper and/or unmarked grid (方格) paper for the paper. The scratch paper must be collected and destroyed by the test administrator immediately following the test.
21. How many test items are there in total?
A. 25.    B. 30.   
C. 50.    D. 60.
22. What is prohibited in the test?
A. Taking away scratch paper.    B. Using a pencil.
C. Using unmarked grid paper.    D. Flipping pages.
23. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. A textbook.    B. A course plan.   
C. An exam paper.    D. An exam guideline.
B
By the late 1960s, abstract painter Harold Cohen had represented Britain at important festivals with his oil paintings and was seeking a new challenge. “Maybe there are more interesting things going on outside my studio than inside it,” he thought. Cohen turned from the canvas (画布) to the screen, using computers to find new ways of creating art. In the late1960s, he created a program that he named Aaron. It was the first artificial intelligence software in the world of fine art, and Cohen first presented Aaron in 1974 at the University of California, Berkeley. Aaron’s work has since graced museums from the Tate Gallery in London to the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
Now, with AI dominating the headlines, a new exhibition at New York’s Whitney Museum of American Art, “Harold Cohen; Aaron,” running through June 2024, draws attention to Cohen’s pioneering work. The Whitney is offering something deeper than most previous Aaron exhibits: a real-time experience, in which visitors can watch the software produce art.
Cohen seeded Aaron with all sorts of knowledge: about basic objects, physics, and fundamental techniques of drawing. Aaron uses this knowledge to follow instructions, complete tasks, and make decisions like human beings — a very different approach from today’s generative AI art programs, which don’t draw from scratch (从头开始) but rather rely on databases of images. Versions of Aaron still generate output, but anything done after Cohen’s death in 2016 is not considered genuine.
The Whitney is showcasing two versions of Cohen’s software, along with the art that each produced before Cohen died. The 2001 version, Aaron KCAT, generates images of figures and plants and projects them onto a wall more than ten feet high, while the 2007 version produces jungle-like scenes. The software will also create art physically, on paper, for the first time since the 1990s. “It is absolutely thrilling,” said Christiane Paul, the museum’s director of digital art, “to have one of those remarkable treasures of digital art in the collection.”
24. What was Aaron born out of?
A. Harold’s curiosity.    B. The museum’s donation.
C. Cohen’s imagination.    D. The university’s support.
25. What makes Aaron different from modern AI art programs?
A. Its ability to assign tasks.
B. Its use of modern techniques.
C. Its capability to make choices.
D. Its dependence on existing database.
26. What can visitors do in the “Harold Cohen: Aaron” exhibition?
A. See the original 1960s version of Aaron.   
B. Generate images with the help of Aaron.
C. Learn about the physical rules in art.
D. Observe Aaron creating art on the spot.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. The masterpieces of digital art.
B. A new show of the art world’s first AI.
C. The latest technologies in the Whitney.
D. Harold Cohen’s impact on generative AI.
C
In the endless sky, the unaided human eye should be able to perceive several thousand stars on a clear, dark night. Unfortunately, growing light pollution has impeded people from the nightly view.
New citizen-science-based research throws alarming light on the problem of “sky glow” — the diffuse illumination (漫射照明) of the night sky that is a form of light pollution. The data came from crowd-sourced observations collected from around the world as part of Globe at Night, a program developed by astronomer Connie Walker.
Light pollution has harmful effects on the practice of astronomy but also on human health and wildlife, since it disturbs the cycle from sunlight to starlight that biological systems have evolved alongside. Furthermore, the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage. Until relatively recently, humans throughout history had an impressive view of the starry night sky, and the effect of this nightly spectacle (壮观) is evident in ancient cultures.
Globe at Night has been gathering data on star visibility since 2006. Anyone can submit observations through the Globe at Night web application. Participants record which one best matches what they can see in the sky without any telescopes or other instruments.
Researchers find that the loss of visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness of 9.6% per year while roughly 2% is measured by satellites. Existing satellites are not well suited to measuring sky glow as it appears to humans, because they can not detect wavelengths shorter than 500 nanometers (纳米). White LEDs, with shorter wavelengths under 500 nanometers, now are increasingly commonly used in outdoor lighting. But human eyes are more sensitive to these shorter wavelengths at nighttime. Space-based instruments do not measure light from windows, either. But these sources are significant contributors to sky glow as seen from the ground.
“The increase in sky glow over the past decade underlines the importance of redoubling our efforts and developing new strategies to protect dark skies,” said Walker. “The Globe at Night dataset is necessary in our ongoing evaluation of changes in sky glow, and we encourage whoever can to get involved to help protect the starry night sky.”
28. What does the underlined word “impeded” in the first paragraph mean?
A. separated.     B. disabled.     
C. demanded.     D. protected.
29. What does the loss of visible stars lead to?
A. Poorer human health.    B. Fewer wildlife species.
C. More delicate biological systems.    D. Less nightly culture elements of the sky.
30. What does the author stress in paragraph 5?
A. Crowd sourced data are invaluable.
B. Shorter wavelengths are hard to detect.
C. Satellites play a vital role.
D. White LEDs are widely used.
31. What can be inferred from Walker’s words?
A. Their consistent efforts pay off.   
B. The dataset needs to be updated.
C. The sky glow has been over-emphasized.   
D. More participants are expected to join in.
D
Bottled water has long been marketed as a safe drink — if it doesn’t come straight from a mountain spring, it’s at least clean and free of chemicals. But a new study demonstrates that bottled water may not be so safe when it comes to microscopic plastic pollutants capable of passing into the bloodstream.
For years scientists have raised the alarm over microplastics, which form when plastics break down into increasingly smaller particles (微粒), ranging from five millimeters down to one micrometer. Previous studies have found that a liter of bottled water can contain tens of thousands of identifiable plastic particles. But they stopped at the one micrometer level due to technological restrictions.
The study used a new technology to find even smaller particles, and detected an average 240,000 plastic particles per liter of bottled water. About 90% of the particles were considered nanoplastics, smaller than one micrometer. Unlike microplastics, they are capable of passing through some organs like lungs into the bloodstream. From there they can stay in the heart muscle and other organs, pass into the brain, and even into the bodies of unborn babies.
So far, little research shows what nanoplastics exactly do once they enter the bloodstream. But there is much evidence that chemicals used in plastic production are bad for human health. Even if nanoplastics themselves are not deleterious, they can serve as carriers for the dangerous chemicals, increasing the risk of cancer and impacting key organs such as the heart.
“There is a huge world of nanoplastics to be studied,” said the researchers. Even if nanoplastics make up 90% of the number of plastic particles found in bottled water, they make up far less in mass, they said. However, this fact provides little comfort: It’s the numbers rather than mass that matter; and the smaller things are, the more readily they can get inside us.
32. What does the technological barrier in the previous studies concern?
A. The number of microscopic plastics.     B. The quality of water bottles.
C. The distribution of plastic pollutants.     D. The size of plastic particles.
33. What does the text imply about microplastics?
A. They are not very likely to pollute bottled water.   
B. Their number per liter of bottled water is constant.
C. They are less potentially risky to health than nanoplastics.
D. Their number in springs is larger than that of nanoplastics.
34. What does the underlined word “deleterious” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Large.     B. Useless.            
C. Safe.     D. Harmful.
35. Why do nanoplastics need further research?
A. They are too small to identify.     B. They have easy access to organs.
C. They are dangerous regarding mass.     D. They have a higher percentage in life.
二、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We watch our salt and fat intake to protect our hearts. We exercise and take calcium to protect our bones. We use sunscreen to protect our skin. But what can we do to protect our eyes, all year round? A lot.   36  .
Invest in quality sunglasses
To shield your eyes, wear sunglasses certified to block out 99 to 100 per cent of UVA and UVB light.   37  . “In fact, if the lenses are dark but not UV-protected, that’s worse for your eyes, because when you’re looking through dark lenses your pupils dilate, which lets more UV light inside to do damage,” says Dr Esen Akpek, a professor at Johns Hopkins University.
Wear safety glasses when needed
You don’t have to be doing construction work or factory work to need protective eyewear.
38  . It’s estimated that up to 90 per cent of sports-related eye injuries are actually preventable with proper eye protection. “I see people who’ve been gardening, leaned forward and got poked in the eye by a branch,” says Dr Davinder Grover, an ophthalmologist at Glaucoma Associates of Texas.
Invest in an air purifier
39  . Outdoor cold and wind can be drying, too, while pollution and allergens can cause irritation. In addition to lubricating eye drops, “air purifiers and humidifiers are our friends,” says Akpek.
See an eye specialist regularly
Routine checkup helps maintain good eye health, so please don’t forget to see an eye specialist for a checkup regularly, if possible.   40  .
A. Safety comes first for various outdoor activities
B. Surprisingly, dark lenses aren’t necessarily the most protective
C. Indoor heating and air conditioning can dry out the air — and the eyes
D. Gardening, home repairs and sports all pose the risk of trauma to the eye
E. Not all eye problems are noticeable, and all are best treated when found early
F. By incorporating these lifestyle steps, your eyes will stay healthy throughout the year
G. We have asked experts what lifestyle steps people should take to protect their vision and eye health

参考答案

一、
A
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要对俄克拉荷马州英语语言艺术学校测试计划进行了详细的说明和介绍，为读者提供了关于这一测试计划的具体信息和细节。
21. D 细节理解题。根据文章Test Structure, Format, and Scoring部分中的“The English Language Arts operational test is meant to be administered in two sessions within one day with a break between sessions or on two instructional days in a row. Each section of the test consists of 25 operational items and 5 field-test items.”可推断出，每个测试部分包含25个操作项目和5个现场测试项目，并且测试包含两次，由此可知，总测试项目数为：25（操作项目）+5（现场测试项目）=30个项目，然后30×2=60。故选D。
22. A 细节理解题。根据文章Test Administration Details部分中的“The scratch paper must be collected and destroyed by the test administrator immediately following the test.”可知，草稿纸必须由考试管理员在考试结束后立即收集并销毁，由此可知，考生不可以带走草稿纸。故选A。
23. D 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，文章详细描述了俄克拉荷马州英语语言艺术学校测试计划的目的、测试的结构和格式、评分方式以及测试管理的细节等。这些内容通常出现在为考生或教师提供关于如何进行和管理考试的指南或手册中。故选D。
B
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了抽象画家哈罗德·科恩创造的首个美术领域的AI软件Aaron，并探讨了其在惠特尼美术馆的展览如何展示Aaron从计算机生成艺术的过程。
24. A 细节理解题。文章开头提到Harold Cohen表达了一种探索外界与艺术创作新方法的好奇心：“‘Maybe there are more interesting things going on outside my studio than inside it,’ he thought.”，这表明了他转向使用计算机创造艺术的初衷源于个人的好奇心。因此Aaron诞生于好奇。故选A。
25. C 细节理解题。文章中明确指出了Aaron采用的方法与现代AI艺术程序的主要差异。Aaron能够使用其被植入的知识去“follow instructions, complete tasks, and make decisions like human beings”，这意味着Aaron不仅仅是简单地根据现有数据库来生成艺术作品，而是能够基于内置的指令和知识来做出决策，创建艺术。这种能力使得Aaron与依赖于庞大图像数据库的现代AI艺术程序形成对比，后者主要通过重新组合或变换现有的图像素材来创作新作品。因此，选项C“它做选择的能力”准确地捕捉了Aaron与其他程序的不同之处。故选C。
26. D 细节理解题。文章中提到惠特尼美术馆展览提供一种深入体验，允许访客现场观看软件制作艺术品“… a real-time experience, in which visitors can watch the software produce art.”，这直接回答了参观者可以做的事情，即现场观察Aaron创作艺术。故选D。
27. B 主旨大意题。全文旨在介绍Harold Cohen创造的AI软件Aaron，并特别强调了在惠特尼美国艺术博物馆举办的展览“Harold Cohen: Aaron”，这个展览强调了Cohen的创新工作和Aaron软件本身的艺术贡献。因此，这篇文章主要是关于艺术界首个AI的新展示的。故选B。
C
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍光污染正在夺走我们的夜空，使得星星在我们眼前消失。
28. B 词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句“In the endless sky, the unaided human eye should be able to perceive several thousand stars on a clear, dark night.（在一望无际的天空中，在一个晴朗、黑暗的夜晚，人类的肉眼应该能够看到几千颗星星）”以及画线词上文“Unfortunately, growing light pollution has”可知，人类的肉眼本来可以看到几千颗星星，不幸的是，日益严重的光污染却使人们不能欣赏夜景。故画线词意思是“使……不能”。故选B。
29. D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Furthermore, the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage. Until relatively recently, humans throughout history had an impressive view of the starry night sky, and the effect of this nightly spectacle (壮观) is evident in ancient cultures.（此外，可见星星的损失是人类文化遗产的巨大损失。直到最近，历史上的人类都能看到令人印象深刻的星空，这种夜间奇观的影响在古代文化中很明显）”可知，可见星星的缺失会导致较少的夜间天空文化元素。故选D。
30. A 主旨大意题。通读第五段内容，尤其根据“White LEDs, with shorter wavelengths under 500 nanometers, now are increasingly commonly used in outdoor lighting. But human eyes are more sensitive to these shorter wavelengths at nighttime. Space-based instruments do not measure light from windows, either. But these sources are significant contributors to sky glow as seen from the ground.”可知，现有的卫星并不适合测量人类所看到的天空辉光。户外广泛使用波长小于500纳米的光，而人类的眼睛在夜间对这些较短的波长更敏感，这些光源是人类看到天空辉光的重要原因之一。所以众包观测数据是非常珍贵的。故选A。
31. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The Globe at Night dataset is necessary in our ongoing evaluation of changes in sky glow, and we encourage whoever can to get involved to help protect the starry night sky.（全球夜间数据集对于我们持续评估天空辉光的变化是必要的，我们鼓励任何可以参与的人来帮助保护星空）”可推断，Walker期望会有更多的参与者加入。故选D。
D
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瓶装水中存在的微观塑料污染物，特别是纳米塑料颗粒对人体健康可能造成的风险。
32. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Previous studies have found that a liter of bottled water can contain tens of thousands of identifiable plastic particles. But they stopped at the one micrometer level due to technological restrictions.”可知，技术壁垒在于塑料颗粒的大小，即无法检测到更小的纳米级塑料颗粒。故选D。
33. C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Unlike microplastics, they are capable of passing through some organs like lungs into the bloodstream. From there they can stay in the heart muscle and other organs, pass into the brain, and even into the bodies of unborn babies.”可知，文章暗示微塑料比纳米塑料在健康方面潜在的风险更小。故选C。
34. D 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Even if nanoplastics themselves are not deleterious, they can serve as carriers for the dangerous chemicals, increasing the risk of cancer and impacting key organs such as the heart.”可知，deleterious在这里的意思是“有害的”。故选D。
35. B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，尽管目前关于纳米塑料颗粒的具体健康影响的研究还很少，但考虑到它们的小尺寸和易于进入体内的特性，显然需要更多的研究来充分了解它们对人体的长期影响。因此，需要进一步了解纳米塑料颗粒如何与人体器官相互作用以及它们可能带来的健康风险。故选B。
二、
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何保护眼睛健康。
36. G 空前说“我们能做些什么全年保护我们的眼睛健康？很多”。下文列举了一些保护措施，如选择正确的太阳镜、做好眼睛防护以及定期看眼科医生等。因此，G项“我们已经向专家询问了人们应该采取哪些生活方式来保护他们的视力和眼睛健康”承上启下，符合语境。
37. B 空前说“为了保护你的眼睛，戴上经过认证的太阳镜，可以阻挡99%至100%的UVA和UVB光线”。空后说“事实上，如果镜片很暗但没有防紫外线保护，对你的眼睛更有害，因为当你透过暗色镜片看东西时，你的瞳孔会扩大，这会让更多的紫外线进入眼睛造成损伤”。因此，B项“令人惊讶的是，深色镜片并不一定是最具保护性的。”承上启下，符合语境。且B项中的“dark lenses”与原文中的“lenses”和“dark lenses”相呼应。
38. D 空前说“需要佩戴防护眼镜的场合不仅仅是工地和工厂”。空后说“据估计，多达90%的与运动相关的眼部受伤实际上可以通过适当的眼部保护来预防”，暗示前句提到其他场合也存在眼部受伤的风险。因此，D项“园艺、家庭修理和运动都存在眼部受伤的风险”引出下文，符合语境。且D项中的“sports”与原文中的“sports-related”相呼应。
39. C 空后说“户外的寒冷和风也可能导致干燥，而污染物和过敏原则可能引起刺激”，指出了室外环境对眼睛的影响。因此，C项“室内取暖和空调会使空气变得干燥，进而影响眼睛”引出下文，符合语境。且空后的“too”为本题的暗示。
40. E 空前说“定期检查有助于保持良好的眼睛健康，请尽量不要忘记定期去眼科专家那里检查”。因此，E项“并非所有眼部问题都能被察觉到，但早期发现并治疗是最佳选择”承接上文，符合语境。且E项中的“eye problems”和“treated”与原文中的“an eye specialist”和“checkup”相呼应。