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2024新高三·英语暑假作业
第6周 第5天
______月______日 星期__________ 姓名：__________
【外刊精读】
文章来自卫报
The Guardian view on the false alternatives of arts funding: we need bread but also roses
How do you put a value on culture? In this age of austerity, a political, philosophical question is too easily reduced to painful choices. Would you prefer a roof over your head, or a tune in your heart? Lorries to collect the rubbish from your streets, or a well-stocked library?
It’s a decision nobody in a civilized society should be forced to make, yet these very alternatives are starkly posed in an ongoing public consultation by Hampshire county council. Only a fool would dismiss the questionnaire as political posturing — there are undoubtedly tough choices to be made — but neither should anyone be fooled into believing that social priorities can be reduced to a tick-box exercise.
A crisis of public services that has been brewing for the past 14 years spilled over this week with the publication of a draft budget from the authority charged with running the UK’s second city, Birmingham, that shockingly proposed the withdrawal of all funding, as of next year, from a range of cultural institutions that should be cherished as intrinsic to the self-respect of any 21st-century metropolis.
The only remotely positive thing that can be said about the situation is that there’s no room for squabbling over crumbs, as so often happens. The pain is shared equally, with no discrimination between different disciplines, or high and low culture: art, opera, orchestral and other music, ballet and theatre are all for the chop.
Most of the affected institutions have already been struggling with reduced or standstill budgets from their other paymaster, Arts Council England (ACE). But ACE’s grant-in-aid budget is £467m a year, plus around £250m from the National Lottery, a total that is dwarfed by the £1.17bn that — even after a 44% real terms reduction over the past decade — was spent by English councils on culture, heritage and library services in 2022–23.
And Birmingham is not alone in threatening to shred its arts offering: from Bristol to Nottingham, Hampshire to Suffolk, curtains are on the point of falling. In January, Suffolk county council announced that it would cut 100% of its arts budget — though a temporary, partial reprieve has since been granted.
In the centenary year of the Birmingham Rep — one of the 10 institutions on the city’s red list — a chorus of household names, from Kenneth Branagh to Toyah Willcox, Ian McKellen to Timothy Dalton, lined up to hymn its role in helping to kickstart their careers. This is not just about the talented few who got their break through the arts, but about the many to whom they have gone on to give pleasure, food for thought, and an inspirational example, whether they are growing up in Wigan like McKellen, or Belfast like Branagh.
There will always be those who argue that the arts are a luxury only available to societies with a surplus — one the UK no longer has. At the local level, in many areas, this may be appear to be incontrovertible. But such reductionism should be fiercely resisted. In 1911, a poem was published in an American magazine. Titled Bread and Roses, it was co-opted by textile workers in Massachusetts in a strike that united immigrant communities and was largely led by women.
It’s not a sophisticated piece of verse, but it deployed the couplet brilliantly to make a crucial point: “Our lives shall not be sweated from birth until life closes / Hearts starve as well as bodies; give us bread but give us roses”. We would do well to remember that slogan today.
一、请写出下列单词词义
1. austerity ____________________ 2. philosophical ____________________
3. lorry ____________________ 4. civilized ____________________
5. consultation ____________________ 6. questionnaire ____________________
7. posture ____________________ 8. brew ____________________
9. withdrawal ____________________ 10. cherish ____________________
11. intrinsic ____________________ 12. metropolis ____________________
13. squabble ____________________ 14. crumb ____________________
15. discrimination ____________________ 16. discipline ____________________
17. orchestral ____________________ 18. chop ____________________
19. standstill ____________________ 20. dwarf ____________________
21. heritage ____________________ 22. shred ____________________
23. curtain ____________________ 24. reprieve ____________________
25. centenary ____________________ 26. line up ____________________
27. hymn ____________________ 28. inspirational ____________________
29. luxury ____________________ 30. surplus ___________________
31. incontrovertible ____________________ 32. textile ____________________
33. immigrant ____________________ 34. sophisticated ____________________
35. verse ____________________ 36. deploy ____________________
37. couplet ____________________
二、用下列单词的正确形式填空。
civilized consultation discipline heritage curtain luxury immigrant verse
1. Such _______________ are unavailable to ordinary people.
2. If you are in any doubt as to whether you should be doing these exercises, _______________ your doctor.
3. People are gradually realizing the importance of preserving national _______________.
4. Classic Greek drama was written in _______________, usually in an elevated and formal style.
5. _______________ is a necessary, but certainly not a sufficient condition for learning to take place.
6. It’s hard to say if her daughter shall _______________ into Italy.
7. She drew back the _______________ and let the sunlight in.
8. The Yellow River was the cradle of Chinese _______________.
三、请翻译下列句子
1. The only remotely positive thing that can be said about the situation is that there’s no room for squabbling over crumbs, as so often happens.
2. There will always be those who argue that the arts are a luxury only available to societies with a surplus — one the UK no longer has.
3. Hearts starve as well as bodies; give us bread but give us roses.
参考答案
一、
1. austerity 英/ ɔːˈsterəti /｜美/ ɔˈsterəti /
n. 苦行；朴素；（经济的）紧缩；严格节制消费
2. philosophical 英/ ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪk(ə)l /｜美/ ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪk(ə)l /
adj. 哲学的；达观的；处乱不惊的
3. lorry 英/ ˈlɒri /｜美/ ˈlɔri /
n. 卡车；货运汽车
4. civilized 英/ ˈsɪvəˌlaɪzd /｜美/ ˈsɪvɪˌlaɪzd /
adj. 文明的；开化的；有法制伦理的；有道德的
5. consultation 英/ ˌkɒns(ə)lˈteɪʃ(ə)n /｜美/ ˌkɑns(ə)lˈteɪʃ(ə)n /
n. 咨询；磋商；查阅；商讨
6. questionnaire 英/ ˌkwestʃəˈneə(r) /｜美/ ˌkwestʃəˈner /
n. 调查问卷；调查表
7. posture 英/ ˈpɒstʃə(r) /｜美/ ˈpɑstʃər /
n. 态度；（坐立的）姿势；看法；立场
v. 故作姿态；装样子
8. brew 英/ bruː /｜美/ bru /
v. 酝酿；沏；酿制（啤酒）；沏（茶）
n. （尤指某地酿造的）啤酒；（茶）一次的冲泡量
9. withdrawal 英/ wɪðˈdrɔːəl /｜美/ wɪðˈdrɔəl /
n. 撤回；取款；收回；撤走
10. cherish 英/ ˈtʃerɪʃ /｜美/ ˈtʃerɪʃ /
v. 珍爱；爱护；怀念；钟爱
11. intrinsic 英/ ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk /｜美/ ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk /
adj. 固有的；内在的；本身的
12. metropolis 英/ mɪˈtrɒp(ə)ləs /｜美/ məˈtrɒp(ə)ləs /
n. 大城市；大都会；京城；首府
13. squabble 英/ ˈskwɒb(ə)l /｜美/ ˈskwɑb(ə)l /
n. 争论
v. （为小事）争吵
14. crumb 英/ krʌm /｜美/ krʌm /
n. 食物碎屑；糕饼屑；一点；少许
v. 弄碎；【烹】裹上面包屑（用油煎）；〈美口〉扫去（餐桌上的）面包屑
15. discrimination 英/ dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n /｜美/ dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n /
n. 歧视；识别；辨别；区别
16. discipline 英/ ˈdɪsəplɪn /｜美/ ˈdɪsəplɪn /
n. 纪律；训练；自制力；风纪
v. 训练；管教；惩罚；处罚
17. orchestral 英/ ɔː(r)ˈkestrəl /｜美/ ɔrˈkestrəl /
adj. 管弦乐的；管弦乐队的
18. chop 英/ tʃɒp /｜美/ tʃɑp /
v. 砍；劈；切碎；剁碎
n. 砍；劈；剁；猪（或羊等）排
19. standstill 英/ ˈstæn(d)stɪl /｜美/ ˈstæn(d)ˌstɪl /
n. 停顿；停滞；停止
adj. 停顿的；引起停顿的
20. dwarf 英/ dwɔː(r)f /｜美/ dwɔrf /
n. 侏儒；矮子；（神话中会魔法的）小矮人
v. 使显得矮小；使相形见绌
21. heritage 英/ ˈherɪtɪdʒ /｜美/ ˈherɪtɪdʒ /
n. 遗产（指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色）
22. shred 英/ ʃred /｜美/ ʃred /
n. （撕或切的）细条；极少量；些许；一丁点
v. 切碎；撕碎
23. curtain 英/ ˈkɜː(r)t(ə)n /｜美/ ˈkɜrt(ə)n /
n. 帷幕；窗帘；幔；网眼帘子
v. 给（窗户或房间）装上帘子
24. reprieve 英/ rɪˈpriːv /｜美/ rɪˈpriv /
n. 刑罚终止令；（尤指）死刑缓刑令；延缓；缓解
v. 撤销……的死刑；缓期执行……的死刑；取消关闭；暂缓终止
25. centenary 英/ senˈtiːnəri /｜美/ ˈsent(ə)nˌeri /
adj. 一百年的；一百周年纪念的
n. 100周年纪念
26. line up 整顿（机械等）；排成一列；使（兵士）排齐；整顿阵容
27. hymn 英/ hɪm /｜美/ hɪm /
v. （为……）唱赞歌；赞美
n. 【宗教】赞美诗
28. inspirational 英/ ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l /｜美/ ˌɪnspɪˈreɪʃən(ə)l /
adj. 启发灵感的；鼓舞人心的
29. luxury 英/ ˈlʌkʃəri /｜美/ ˈlʌkʃ(ə)ri /
n. 奢侈品；奢华；奢侈的享受；不常有的乐趣（或享受、优势）
adj. 奢华的
30. surplus 英/ ˈsɜː(r)pləs /｜美/ ˈsɜrpləs /
n. 盈余；顺差；剩余；过剩
adj. 过剩的；剩余的；多余的
31. incontrovertible 英/ ˌɪnkɒntrəˈvɜː(r)təb(ə)l /｜美/ ɪnˌkɑntrəˈvɜrtəb(ə)l /
adj. 无可争辩的；不能否认的；无可置疑的
32. textile 英/ ˈtekstaɪl /｜美/ ˈtɛkˌstaɪl /
n. 纺织；纺织品；纺织业；纺织工艺
33. immigrant 英/ ˈɪmɪɡrənt /｜美/ ˈɪmɪɡrənt /
n. （外来）移民；外侨
adj. 侨民的
34. sophisticated 英/ səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtɪd /｜美/ səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd /
adj. 见多识广的；老练的；见过世面的；复杂巧妙的
35. verse 英/ vɜː(r)s /｜美/ vɜrs /
n. 诗；韵文；诗节；歌曲的段落
v. 作诗；用诗表现；（把……）写成诗
36. deploy 英/ dɪˈplɔɪ /｜美/ dɪˈplɔɪ /
v. 部署；利用；【军事】展开；（使）张开
37. couplet 美/ ˈkʌplət /
n. 对句
二、
1. luxuries 2. consult 3. heritage 4. verse 5. Discipline
6. immigrate 7. curtains 8. civilization
三、
1. 在这种情况下，唯一可以说得稍微积极的事情是，没有人会为了一点点残羹剩饭而争吵，就像经常发生的那样。
2. 总会有人认为，艺术是只有富裕社会才能享受的奢侈品，而英国已经不再是一个富裕社会。
3. 心灵和肉体一样会饿，给我们面包也给我们玫瑰。
参考译文：
你如何来评价文化的价值呢？在这个紧缩的时期，一个涉及政治及哲学的问题，太容易被简化成痛苦的抉择：你是想有个安稳的家可住，还是希望内心有歌可唱？你是希望有垃圾车清理你街头的垃圾，还是想要一个藏书丰富的图书馆？
这是一个文明社会里没有人应该被迫做出的决定，然而在汉普郡郡议会正在进行的一项公众咨询中，却把这些非此即彼的选择明确地提出了。只有愚蠢的人才会把这份问卷视为政治作秀，毕竟这里面确实存在一些艰难的抉择，但是也不应该有人上当，误认为社会的优先事项可以用一个打钩的方式来简化。
在过去的14年里，公共服务危机一直在酝酿，本周终于爆发了，负责管理英国第二大城市伯明翰的当局发布了一份草案预算。令人震惊的是，这份草案提出，从明年开始，撤销对一系列文化机构的所有资助，而这些文化机构应该被视为任何一个21世纪大都市自尊的内在体现。
在这种情况下，唯一可以说得稍微积极的事情是，没有人会为了一点点残羹剩饭而争吵，就像经常发生的那样。所有的文化机构都要承受同样的痛苦，不分高低贵贱，不分门类：艺术、歌剧、管弦乐和其他音乐、芭蕾和戏剧，全都在裁剪的名单上。
受到影响的文化机构中，大多数已经在艰难应对来自他们的另一个资助者——英格兰艺术委员会（ACE）的预算削减或停滞。但是ACE每年的拨款预算是4.67亿英镑，再加上来自国家彩票的约2.5亿英镑，这个总数还不及英格兰各地方议会在2022–23年度用于文化、遗产和图书馆服务的11.7亿英镑的一半，而这个数字已经比过去十年的实际水平下降了44%。
并且伯明翰并非唯一一个威胁要对其艺术项目进行大幅削减的城市：从布里斯托尔到诺丁汉，从汉普郡到萨福克，许多剧院都面临着落幕的危机。今年一月，萨福克郡议会宣布将削减其文化预算的100%——尽管后来得到了一些暂时的、部分的缓解。
在伯明翰剧院成立100周年之际（该剧院是伯明翰市十个面临资金危机的文化机构之一），一大批家喻户晓的名人，从肯尼斯·布兰纳到托雅·威尔科克斯，从伊恩·麦克莱恩到蒂莫西·道尔顿，都纷纷赞颂这个剧院在帮助他们开启职业生涯方面的作用。这不仅仅是关于那些通过艺术获得成功的少数人，更是关于他们继续给予无数观众快乐，深思，以及富有启发性的榜样，无论这些观众是像麦克莱恩一样在威根长大的，还是像布兰纳一样在贝尔法斯特长大的。
总会有人认为，艺术是只有富裕社会才能享受的奢侈品，而英国已经不再是一个富裕社会。在地方层面，在许多地区，这似乎是无可争辩的。但是这种简化的观点应该被强烈地反对。在1911年，一首诗发表在一本美国杂志上，标题是《面包和玫瑰》，后来被马萨诸塞州的纺织工人借用，作为一次团结了移民社区并且主要由妇女领导的罢工的口号。
这并非一首文采斐然的诗篇，但是它巧妙地运用了对偶的手法，来表达一个关键的观点：“我们的生命不应该从生到死都在辛劳/心灵和肉体一样会饿，给我们面包也给我们玫瑰”。我们今天非常需要铭记这句口号。
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