【2024一轮复习】语法专项——情态动词与虚拟语气

【2024一轮复习】语法专项——情态动词与虚拟语气

真题链接
1.It used to be that you ________ drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. (2021天津)
2.— I honestly don’t think I’m going to be admitted.
— Well, you never know! You ________ (make) a better impression than you think. (2021天津)
3.Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could ________ (send) signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (2020全国I)
4.When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he ________ find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. (2020全国III)
5.Jim says we ________ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. (2020天津)
6.If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I ________ not be where I am. (2020江苏)
7.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ (have) a good time together. (2019江苏)
8.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ (accomplish) the task in half the time. (2019天津)
9.In today’s information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company. (2018北京)
10.I can’t find my purse. I ________ have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure. (2018天津)
11.If we ________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. (2018天津)
12.There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________ (have) a second chance to become more involved. (2018江苏)
13.Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf. (2017北京)
14.My room is a mess, but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. (2017天津)
15.— Do you have Betty’s phone number?
— Yes, otherwise, I ________ (be) able to reach her yesterday. (2017天津)
16.________ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. (2017江苏)
17.I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. (2016北京)
18.Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ (tell) me, I could have helped. (2016北京)
19.It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended. (2016天津)
20.If it ________ (be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. (2016江苏)
21.It might have saved me some trouble ________ I known the schedule. (2015江苏)
22.I wish I ________ (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. (2015天津)
23.It is lucky we booked a room, or we ________ (have) nowhere to stay now. (2015安徽)
24.Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________ (dance) as well as her. (2015陕西)
25.—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really ________ go now. My daughter is home alone. (2015北京)
模拟试题
I. 单句语法填空
1.How I wish every family ________ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden!
2.They would ________ (kill) him if he had not defended himself.
3.They set off for the destination too late; otherwise they wouldn’t ________ (stick) in the storm.
4.Tom recommended me that I ________ (accept) the invitation.
5.The old man treated the boy as if he ________ his own son.
6.The manager required that the work ________ (finish) before Friday.
7.Only when the results came out did he realize that he should ________ (devote) himself to his studies, but it was too late.
8.If it were not for the fact that you ________ (be) ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
9.Without your timely help, I couldn’t ________ (finish) the task ahead of time.
10.The woman stood by the river still as if she ________ (turn) into a stone.
11.I ________ (abandon) my dream of becoming a pianist, but for the encouragement from that music teacher.
12.Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ________ (is) at the age of six months.
13.— How impressive China’s 70th anniversary of National Day parade is!
— Definitely. If only I ________ (be) on the scene!
14.According to the school rules, no child ________ be allowed out of school, unless accompanied by his or her own parents.
15.You ________ (do) something great, otherwise you wouldn’t have got the promotion.
16.If you leave within 15 minutes, you ________ park your car at the roadside temporarily.
17.— Did you go to the party last night?
— Yes, but I’d rather I ________ (go) there. It was so boring.
18.Kelly failed Mr. Brown’s literature course. She ________ have handed in the report earlier.
19.— Here you are. This is the hotel!
— It’s so close to the station. We ________ have taken the taxi at all!
20.Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? Somebody ________ (hurt).
21.I can’t speak for everyone, but I ________ speak for myself.
22.Suddenly it occurred to me that I ________ have left my suitcase in the taxi. But I was not sure.
23.I ________ (be) in the shade like all the other tourists, then I wouldn’t have got burned.
24.— Your brother has been admitted to Nanjing University?
— Yes, he deserves it. If I had worked as wisely, that ________ (be) my destiny.
25.If you ________ have a cigarette, choose a seat in the first row of the smoking section.
26.— Did Justine realize his fault and do something to make up?
— I wish that I could ________ (have) that happen, but actually he still went his own way.
27.They ________ (reach) the agreement so easily without that common ground.
28.Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths ________ have fallen since their highest in 2005.
29.________ I known about his financial situation, I would have helped him out.
30.If you want to pry into other people’s business, you ________ not do it here, young man.
31.Jack has never been to China, but he talks about it as if he ________ (be) there many times.
32.A proposal was made to the State Council that Beijing hutongs ________ (preserve) as part of the effort to retain China’s cultural legacy.
33.Don’t come tomorrow because I will not be available then and I would rather you ________ (come) now.
34.It is essential that every student ________ (teach) about discipline and responsibility before graduation from high school.
35.If we ________ (book) a table earlier, we wouldn’t be standing here in the long queue now.
36.I could easily meet my classmate’s requirement that I ________ (finish) the game in ten minutes.
37.I will not take his suggestion that I ________ (try) to lose weight, because being fat suggests that I am happy.
38.When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks as if it ________ (be) broken.
39.Last night, I ________ (intend) to be fully absorbed in my work, but found myself disturbed by noises from my neighbor upstairs.
40.When you phoned me, I was having a meeting, otherwise I ________ (answer) your call.
Ⅱ. 语篇语法填空
Passage 1
Rain or shine, Tom is always the first to arrive at the office. His home 1. ________ be very near the office, or he 2. ________ be always in time for work. How I wish that I 3. ________ (live) close to work, so that I 4. ________ not get up so early every day. Yesterday, for example, I would 5. ________ (arrive) in time for work as usual if I hadn’t been caught in a traffic jam. The boss was so angry with me that he demanded I 6. ________ arrive at work early enough later on, saying that should I be caught being late again, he 7. ________ (punish) me. I 8. ________ stop doing everything and go to bed now. Anyhow, it’s time that I 9. ________ (go) to sleep, and I hope I
10. ________ arrive at work on time tomorrow. It will be bad to be caught arriving late again.
Passage 2
Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1. ________ (be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter doesn’t. However, people believe if Peter 2. ________ (work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study.
At home, their parents suggest that they 3. ________ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 4. ________ (be) OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end.
One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So he put his exercise book aside and used another one. When Peter found the previous exercise book, he
5. ________ (strike) out Tom’s name and signed his name on its cover, and handed it in as his own homework the next day.
When the teacher told the truth to the twins’ mother, she was very angry and shouted at Peter. “How I wish you 6. ________ (be) as diligent as your brother! Now it’s time that I 7. ________ (give) you a good lesson. And you mustn’t play any computer games for a month!”
“Oh, no! Mom. Without a computer for such a long time, I 8. ________ (die). I would rather you 9. ________ (ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset.
“If you 10. ________ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn’t be punished now,” said the mother.

参考答案

真题链接
1.could/might 句意：过去你可能开车数英里看不到一个人，但现在到处都是房子和人。根据句意和语境可知，这里介绍的是过去和现在的对比，表示“有可能”，故填could/might。
2.may have made句意：——老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。——唉，谁知道呢！你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故填may have made。
3.send 设空前是情态动词could，情态动词后跟动词原形。故填send。
4.could 句意：当他问江岸边的村民他在哪里可以找到这位传奇的艺术家时，他们笑着指向江的下游。分析句意可知，设空处表达的是能够做某事。时态为一般过去时，故填could。
5.can 句意：吉姆说只要我们保持干净整洁，我们就可以待在他家里。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，主句是一般现在时态，介绍的是现在的情况，所以宾语从句用一般现在时态，故填can。
6.would/could/might/should 句意：如果我没有面对这么多的障碍，我就不会是现在的我。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故填would/could/might/should。
7.would have had 句意：真遗憾啊！你错过了这次游览，否则我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光了。根据语境可知，并列连词or在句中意为“否则，要不然”，为含蓄条件的一种表达方式，后面的句子与过去的事实相反，故用would have done的形式表达虚拟语气。
8.would have accomplished 句意：工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成这项任务。表示对过去的虚拟，需用would have done的形式。
9.can 句意：在当今这个信息时代，对于一个公司来说，数据的丢失会造成严重的问题。根据句意可知，语境要体现的是一种理论上的可能性，且cause为动词原形，因此用can符合语境。
10.could/might 句意：我找不到我的钱包了。我可能昨天把它落在超市了，但我不确定。设空处表示对过去事情的推测，且根据题干中的I’m not sure可推知此处表示不确定的推测，故用could/might表示“可能”。
11.had caught 句意：如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班，我们现在就会在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。If从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其谓语动词需用“had+过去分词”形式。
12.had 句意：这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己能再获得一次机会去更多地参与其中。wish后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，此处表达现在的一个愿望，谓语动词要用过去式，故填had。
13.can 句意：Samuel是我们班里最高的男孩，他可以轻松地够到书架顶层的书。在一般现在时态中，表示能力“可以，能够”，应用can。
14.needn’t 句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚外出之前我不必打扫它，我可以早晨打扫。设空处表示“不必”，所以用needn’t。
15.wouldn’t have been 句意：——你有Betty的电话号码吗？——有，否则，昨天我就不能联系到她了。设空处是对过去发生的事进行虚拟，应该用would have done，此处要用其否定形式。
16.Were 句意：没有老师们的支持，这个学生不可能克服她的困难。根据题干中的the student could not overcome可知，语境是对现在事实的虚拟，be动词在虚拟语气中通常用were。当虚拟语气中if引导的条件状语从句省略了if时，从句部分应部分倒装。
17.needn’t 句意：我爱周末，因为我不必在周六和周日早起。表示“不必”，应用needn’t。
18.had told 句意：你上周为什么不告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我，我本可以帮忙的。根据题干中的could have helped和last week可知，设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故为had told。
19.couldn’t 句意：真令人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的数据库。结合句意和语境时态可知，本处表示的是“不能做某事”，故填couldn’t。
20.had not been/hadn’t been 句意：如果不是因为几天前他的邀请，我现在是不会在这里的。根据句意可知，本句为错综条件句。主句和现在的事实相反，从句和过去的事实相反，因此从句谓语动词应用过去完成时态，故填had not been/hadn’t been。
21.had 句意：要是我知道安排的话，我可能会省一些事儿。此处为省略if的虚拟条件从句，had I known the schedule=if I had known the schedule。
22.had been 句意：要是上周二我参加了我姐姐的婚礼就好了，可是那时我正在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句用过去完成时表示对过去情况的虚拟。
23.would have 句意：很幸运，我们预订了一个房间，否则，我们现在就没有地方可以住了。由句意可知or前面是真实的情况，or后面是与现在事实相反的假设，故设空处应用would do形式。
24.danced 句意：Ellen是一个非常优秀的舞者，我希望我能跳得和她一样好。wish后面的宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在情况的虚拟。
25.must 句意：——难道你不能再多待一会儿吗？——时间不早了。我确实得走了。我的女儿独自一人在家。根据上下文可知，此处侧重表示说话者的主观看法，故填must（必须）。
模拟试题
I. 单句语法填空
1.had 句意：多么希望每个家庭都有一栋有美丽花园的大房子。根据句意和句式结构可知，此处是wish接宾语从句的虚拟语气，且是对现在虚拟，因此谓语动词要用一般过去式。故填had。
2.have killed 句意：如果他不为自己辩护，他们就会杀了他。由if he had not defended himself可知，本句是if条件句的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，主句的谓语动词需用would have done，故填have killed。
3.have been stuck 这是一个含蓄条件句，谓语动词用虚拟语气，根据上文They set off for the destination too late可知，与过去事实相反，谓语动词用would have done，主语they和谓语动词stick之间是被动关系，空格前有wouldn’t，故填have been stuck。
4.(should) accept 句意：汤姆建议我接受邀请。这里考查recommend意为“建议”时在宾语从句中的虚拟语气，recommend sb. that sb. (should) do sth.意为“建议某人做某事”。故填(should) accept。
5.were 根据The old man与the boy之间的关系，可知说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的，as if要用虚拟语气，且从句与现在事实相反，从句的谓语动词要用过去式，是连系动词be时，要用were。故填were。
6.should be finished/be finished 在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气。本句的谓语动词required表示要求，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”；而且从句中的谓语动词finish和主语the work是被动关系，故填should be finished/be finished。
7.have devoted 句意：只有当结果出来时，他才意识到他应该全身心地投入到学习中去，但是已经太晚了。Only when引导的从句中用了倒装，句中表示“本应该做某事却没做”，用should have done的形式。故填have devoted。
8.are 句意：如果不是因为你病了，我想请你现在就做。fact后的同位语从句表示的是事实，要用一般现在时，不用虚拟语气；you后面系动词用are，故填are。
9.have finished 句意：没有你的及时帮助，我本不可能提前完成任务。根据句意此处需表示对过去发生事情的假设。could (not) have done本来能够（不可能）做某事。故填have finished。
10.had turned 句意：那个女人一动不动地站在河边，好像变成了一块石头。as if从句表示所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，应用虚拟语气；此处是表示与过去事实相反的事实，应用过去完成时。故填had turned。
11.might have abandoned 句意：要不是来自那位音乐老师的鼓励，我可能就放弃成为钢琴家的梦想了。此处表达的是与过去事实相反的假设，所以应用“might have+过去分词”。
12.(should) be 句意：眼科医生建议孩子应在六个月大时进行第一次眼睛检查。recommend表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”，故填(should) be。
13.had been 句意：——国庆70周年阅兵式真是令人印象深刻！——当然，要是我在现场就好了！根据句意可知，此处表达的是与过去事实相反的假设，故填had been。
14.shall 句意：根据学校规定，除非有自己的父母陪同，否则任何儿童不得离开学校。根据语境可知，此处表示学校的规定，含有命令的意味，因此从语气上分析可知，应该用shall。
15.must have done 句意：你一定做了一件了不起的事，否则你是得不到晋升的。根据句意可知，此处表示对过去事情有把握的肯定推测，应用must have done。
16.can/may 句意：如果你在15分钟内离开，你可以暂时把车停在路边。根据语境可知，此处是真实条件句，表示许可，故用can/may。
17.had not gone/hadn’t gone 句意：——昨晚你去参加聚会了吗？——是的，但我宁愿我没有去那里，太无聊了。would rather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气；根据句意可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，因此从句的谓语应用“had done”形式。
18.should 句意：Kelly没有通过布朗先生的文学课，她本应该早点提交报告的。should have done sth.“本应该做某事（而实际上未做）”符合语境。
19.needn’t 根据“It’s so close to the station.”可知，旅馆离车站很近，因此根本没必要乘出租车。needn’t have done“本不必做某事（而实际上做了）”符合语境。
20.could/might have been hurt 根据语境及第一句的时态可知，第二句表示对过去情况的推测，应用could/might have done表示“可能已经做了某事”；且Somebody与hurt (弄伤)之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，故填could/might have been hurt。
21.can 句意：我不能代替每个人说话，但我可以代表我自己。一般现在时态中，表示有能力做某事，用can。
22.might 句意：我突然想起来我可能把手提箱落在出租车上了，但是我不太确定。该句是肯定句，应用might have done表示对过去发生的事情不太确定的推测。故填might。
23.should have been 句意：我本应该像所有其他游客一样待在阴凉处，那样我就不会被晒伤了。此处表示过去本应该做某事，但实际上没有做，应用“should have done”。故填should have been。
24.could/might/would have been 根据题干中的“If I had worked as wisely”可知，从句是对过去事实的虚拟，故主句谓语应用“could/might/would+have done”形式。故填could/might/would have been。
25.must 句意：如果你一定要吸烟，那你就选吸烟区第一排的座位。must意为“非要，一定”。if you must do sth.表示虽不赞同，但可允许，意为“如果你一定要做某事”。故填must。
26.have had 句意：——Justine意识到自己的错误并采取措施弥补了吗？——我希望我能让他这么做，但事实上，他依然我行我素。根据主句中的“I wish”以及下文“but actually he still went his own way”可知，空格处是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，应用“could/would/might have done”的形式。故填have had。
27.wouldn’t have reached 句意：没有共同立场，他们是不会那么容易达成协议的。根据句意可知，协议应是在过去的某一时间达成的，表示对过去情况的虚拟，谓语动词应用wouldn’t have done。故填wouldn’t have reached。
28.should/would/might/could not 句意：如果没有政府和科学家的共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡率就不会从2005年的最高点下降。此处使用了虚拟语气，虚拟条件句省略了if，将had提前。根据句意和从句中的“Had”和“worked”可知，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，主句应用“主语＋should/would/might/could+have done”形式。故填should/would/might/could not。
29.Had 句意：我要是知道他的经济状况，就帮助他了。由主句的谓语“would have helped”可知，该句是对过去事实的虚拟，从句谓语要用过去完成时；从句省略了if，应把had提前。故填Had。
30.shall 句意：年轻人，如果你想打听别人的私事，那么你来错地方了。shall用于第二、第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示决心、命令或指示等。故填shall。
31.had been 句意：Jack从来没去过中国，但他说起中国来好像他去过很多次似的。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处表示与过去事实相反，应用had done形式。故填had been。
32.(should) be preserved 句意：作为保护中国文化遗产的一部分，一项关于保护北京胡同的提案已提交国务院。proposal意为“提案”，that引导的是同位语从句，从句需用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”，should可省略。Beijing hutongs和preserve之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填(should) be preserved。
33.came 句意：明天不要来，因为我没空，我宁愿你现在就来。would rather后接从句时，从句常用虚拟语气，表示“宁愿，真希望”。根据now可知，此处表示现在的愿望，应用一般过去时。故填came。
34.(should) be taught 句意：每个学生在高中毕业之前都应该接受纪律和责任的教育，这是至关重要的。It is essential that ...是固定句型，意为“……是至关重要的”，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句，从句中用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。every student和teach之间是被动关系，因此空处应用被动语态。故填(should) be taught。
35.had booked 句意：如果我们早点订了位子，现在就不会排这么长的队了。由earlier和now可知，句于是错综时间条件句，if引导的从句是对过去情况的虚拟，因此空处所在句子应用过去完成时had done。故填had booked。
36.(should) finish 句意：我很容易就能达到我同学要求的十分钟内完成游戏的要求。分析句子结构可知，that引导同位语从句，作requirement的同位语，同位语从句应用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。故填(should) finish。
37.(should) try 句意：我不会接受他关于我应该努力减肥的建议，因为肥胖意味着我很快乐。suggestion后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语部分为“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。故填(should) try。
38.were 句意：当一支铅笔的一部分放入水中时，它看起来就好像折了一样。结合句意可知，as if引导的从句应使用虚拟语气，表示与现在情况相反。这时，从句的谓语动词应使用一般过去时。故填were。
39.had intended 句意：昨天晚上，我本打算全神贯注地工作，却被楼上邻居的噪音打扰了。had intended to do sth表示“本打算做某事，却没做”，是对过去动作的虚拟。故填had intended。
40.would have answered 句意：你打电话给我时，我正在开会，否则我会接听你的电话。otherwise意为“否则，要不然”，其后的句子要用虚拟语气，根据句中的时间状语“When you phoned me”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反，otherwise后的谓语动词应用“would have done”结构。故填would have answered。
II. 语篇语法填空
Passage 1
作者上班有时会迟到，而他的同事汤姆从来不迟到，因此，作者认为他肯定住得离公司很近。
1.must 句意：他的家离办公室肯定很近。这里用must表示非常有把握的肯定推测。
2.can’t 根据句意可知，这里用can’t表示非常有把握的否定推测。
3.lived 分析句子结构可知，本空在句中作wish后面宾语从句的谓语，表示与现在事实相反的假设，谓语动词应用一般过去式。
4.need 句意：这样我就没必要每天起得那么早了。这里用need not表示“没必要（做某事）”。
5.have arrived 此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句谓语应用“would have done”形式。
6.should 这里使用了“demand that+宾语从句”结构，此时宾语从句的谓语应用“(should+)动词原形”。
7.would punish 这个主从条件句表示对将来的虚拟，主句谓语应用“would+动词原形”。
8.must 句意：我必须停下一切事情，上床睡觉。结合语境和句意可知，这里表示说话者的主观看法，故用情态动词must表示“必须”。
9.went/should go 在“It’s time that...”句型中，从句谓语动词要用过去式，从句谓语也可用“should+动词原形（should不可省略）”。
10.can 句意：我希望明天能按时到单位。结合语境和句意可知，此处是表达说话者的愿望，表示说话者希望能做到某件事，故用情态动词can。
Passage 2
1.were 句意：汤姆和彼得是双胞胎。他们看起来好像是同一个人。根据句意可知说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的，as if要用虚拟语气，且从句与现在事实相反，从句的谓语动词要用过去式，是连系动词be时，要用were。故填were。
2.worked 句意：然而，人们相信，如果彼得像汤姆一样努力学习，他在学习上会做得和他哥哥一样好。本句是if条件句的虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，从句的谓语动词需用过去式。故填worked。
3.(should) finish 句意：在家里，他们的父母建议他们在玩电脑游戏之前，应该完成他们的家庭作业。这里考查suggest意为“建议”时在宾语从句中的虚拟语气，suggest that sb. (should) do sth.意为“建议某人做某事”，故填(should) finish。
4.is 此题考查insist的用法。句意：但是彼得坚持认为只要他能及时交作业，就可以先玩游戏。insist作“坚持（认为）”解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作“坚持（应该）”解时，宾语从句才用虚拟语气。结合句意可知，本处是“坚持认为”之意，故填is。
5.struck 此题考查谓语动词时态。句意：当彼得找到前一个练习本时，他划掉了汤姆的名字，并在封面上签了名。横线处所填的谓语动词形式与signed his name on its cover谓语动词形式并列，都应是谓语动词的一般过去式，故填struck。
6.were 句意：我多么希望你像你哥哥一样勤奋！根据句意和句式结构可知，此处是句型How I wish后接宾语从句的虚拟语气，并且是对现在事实的假设，动词要用一般过去式，故填were。
7.gave/should give 句意：现在是我给你上一堂好课的时候了。在句式“It is (high) time that...”中，that从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用一般过去式或should do，should不可以省略。故填gave/should give。
8.would die 句意：如果长时间没有电脑，我会死的。根据句意可知，此处需表示对将来发生事情的假设。故填would die。
9.asked 句意：我宁愿你让我一个人洗碗一个月。根据句意和句式结构可知，此处是I would rather后接宾语从句的虚拟语气，而且是对现在情况的虚拟，谓语动词要用一般过去式。故填asked。
10.had finished 句意：如果你昨天按时完成了作业，你现在就不会受到惩罚了。根据语境可知if后面的句子表述的是一种与过去事实相反的假设，应使用对过去的虚拟语气，形式为“had+过去分词”，故填had finished。