2023新高二·英语暑假作业（新高考卷）

2023新高二·英语暑假作业（新高考卷）

Week One

______月______日    星期__________    姓名：__________

本系列暑假作业共6周，每周内容由【词汇积累】、【语法冲关】、【阅读基础】、【阅读提升】、【写作训练】、【美文欣赏】6个板块组成。

【词汇积累】
一、单词拼写
1. The eye is the window of the ______________ (心灵), so we’d better protect our eyes.
2. He became an ______________ (作家) quite late in life.
3. I’ll take two. Can you give me a ______________ (折扣)?
4. He felt a sense of ______________ (成就) for he managed to make a good impression on his boss.
5. It’s an ______________ (机会) to make Chinese culture better known to international students.
6. I love ______________ (古典的) music, but I’m not interested in rock music.
7. She looked back on her career with great ______________ (满足).
8. What he has achieved by now was e________________ (明显地) beyond his parents’ expectation.
9. ______________ (包围) by so many trees, the house is a good place for us to enjoy shade in summer.
10. According to the city law, it is ______________ (非法的) to throw trash without being sorted.
二、词性转换
1. He used his wife’s birthday as a ______________ (convenience) excuse for not going to the meeting.
2. It takes time and __________ (patient) to photograph wildlife.
3. Running is cheap, easy and it can make people feel ______________ (energy).
4. Eating more fruit and vegetables will be ______________ (benefit) to people’s health.
5. We have to find out the exact ______________ (locate) of the ship.
6. The doctor told me to take the medicine __________ (regular) three times a day.
7. His speech was ______________ (inspire) and it touched my heart.
8. A bridge is being built in the ______________ (distant) and its construction will be finished in a year.
9. I must offer him an apology for my ______________ (rude) last night.
10. He hates to give speeches in public. It’s so ______________ (embarrass).
三、根据汉语和首字母提示，在空格处填写正确的单词形式
服务，服役，开（饭），上（菜），仆人，佣人
1. The government aims to improve public s__________, especially education.
2. The s__________ in this restaurant is excellent.
3. What time is breakfast s__________ in this hotel?
4. You should s__________ your country.
5. They keep two s__________: a cook and a gardener.
短，矮，缺少的，缺点，短处，立刻，不久，缩短
1. You have cut my hair s__________.
2. The doctor is with another patient now but will see you s__________.
3. We all have our s__________.
4. Our group is two people s__________.
5. The letter is too long. Can you s__________ it a little?
羞涩，胆小，腼腆，不好意思
1. Because of her s__________, Molly is unhappy at meeting or talking with people.
2. Mary answers very s__________ when she is asked a question.
3. The man was too s__________ to ask her to dance.
只字不提的，沉默的，沉默，使安静，静静地
1. He was s__________ about his early life.
2. They walked on in s__________.
3. She held up her hand to s__________ the children.
4. The man worked leisurely, s__________.
简易的，单纯的，简朴地；简单易懂地
1. We live very s__________: we do not have large meals or rich clothes.
2. Give the directions as s__________ as possible.
3. She wasn’t as s__________ as people thought.
4. He set out his ideas in s__________ English.
轻微的，微小的，略微，稍微
1. She had a s__________ fever.
2. It is only a s__________ injury, not at all serious.
3. I’m afraid I’m s__________ drunk.
4. The patient is s__________ better.
社会，社会的，社会主义的，群居的，社交的
1. Ours is a s__________ country.
2. The family is a s__________ unit.
3. My wife is a warm, s__________ person.
4. He was a danger to s__________.
5. Bees are s__________ insects.
和缓的，柔和悦耳地；温柔的
1. He has a s__________ heart beneath that cold exterior.
2. Music played s__________ in the background.
3. The breeze, s__________ and sweet, clicked through tree branches.
坚决地，结实的，坚定的，强烈的，力气
1. He pushed against the rock with all his s__________.
2. I s__________ object to your saying that.
3. The wind is so s__________ that they have to fight their way through it.
4. I need a s__________ box for my books.
5. He’s not s__________ enough to resist the temptation.
成功地，成功，成功的，随后的
1. I did not s__________ in my first lecture.
2. He has had great s__________ in his career.
3. Were you s__________ in persuading him to change his mind?
4. Over the s__________ weeks things went from bad to worse.
5. I finished my training s__________.
【语法冲关】
一、单句语法填空
1. I’ll never forget the day ________ I won first prize in the 100-metre race in school.
2. No one can avoid ________ (make) mistakes when learning a foreign language.
3. Last night, there were millions of people ________ (watch) the live TV programme.
4. Many countries are setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
5. ________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
6. After the journey, I shared with my friends many photos ________ (take) in Hainan.
7. The plan is nice, but my question is ________ they can master this skill.
8. It has been proved ________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
9. ________ (select) from the whole school, they are expected to bring us honor in the coming game.
10. His best movie, ________ won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi.
二、语法填空
Children are spending an   1   (increase) amount of time indoors.   2   (compare) to their grandparents who would have spent most of their free time exploring the world outside their front doors, kids these days are more likely to   3   (find) at home. Computer games, television and tablets have replaced stick throwing, tree climbing and hole building as children spend more time indoors.
4   (thank) to parental fear and a reduction in green space, the time   5   is spent outdoors tends to be parent-led nowadays. Parent-led play is very   6   (difference) from unstructured play and does not offer the same benefits.
Both   7   (be) important for children’s growth, but many families are finding less time for unstructured play. As homework, clubs and groups and screens are competing for our kids’ time, unstructured fun is left out in the cold.
Scientists have even created the term “Nature Deficit Disorder (自然缺失症)” due to the wealth of health problems that can develop from spending too much time indoors.
Unstructured play is just   8   important as outdoor play for child   9   (develop). It offers social, mental and physical benefits, as well as just being   10   fun way to kill time.
【阅读基础】

A

Some people travel to relax, while others for experience. But are you tired of the high-priced or crowded tourist attractions in big cities? Here are a few perfect places to go for relaxation.
China’s Silk Road
Traveling to China’s Silk Road is a journey of contrasts: Han and Uyghur ethnicities, Eastern and Central Asian cultures, natural and man-made wonders, dry desert and Alpine Mountain scenery. The scenery is more beautiful when the flowers come out and green grass covers the earth.
Qinghai Lake
Qinghai Lake is the shining jewel of northwest China. The lake is quieter and more peaceful when it is decorated with yellow grasslands and snow-covered mountains. Standing on the banks, you will have a wide view of the scenery. This huge lake and quiet environment will make you feel at peace and in natural beauty.
Daocheng
Daocheng is a popular stopover (中途停留) point on the journey to Yading, a place where you can appreciate the nature of the Tibetan minority culture. In autumn, the red bushes combined with the yellow leaves under the clear blue sky are believed to exhibit the colors of heaven. The temples in these mountains represent the local culture.
Yangtze River
The Yangtze River tour is blessed with beautiful natural landscapes and places of interest to be seen along the way. The ship frequently stops and you can explore the attractions of different cities along the riverbank. The Yangtze River in October is painted with bright fall colors. Also, the weather in October is quite comfortable and cool.
1. Which of the following best suits people who enjoy minority culture?
A. Daocheng and Yangtze River.
B. China’s Silk Road and Daocheng.
C. Daocheng and Qinghai Lake.
D. China’s Silk Road and Qinghai Lake.
2. What can tourists do during the Yangtze River tour?
A. Enjoy man-made wonders.
B. Ride a horse in the desert.
C. Swim along the riverbank.
D. Admire attractions of different cities.
3. Where can the text be found?
A. In a guidebook.    B. In a novel.
C. In an art magazine.    D. In a history book.

B

As a senior school graduate, during COVID-19 outbreak, I’ve had many concerns, the greatest one of which was being unable to help my community, except for wearing my mask, following the health officials’ guidelines, and assisting seniors to get their groceries.
Then it struck me. Solving COVID-19 relied only on individual steps and the goodwill of human consciousness. But the next challenge we have to deal with ahead is climate change, known as the silent pandemic without a vaccine (疫苗). So, all I could think of was: Why don’t we do the same, and deal with it through our everyday activities?
I’ve created an App, EnRoute, to help reduce carbon emissions (排放) from shopping and transport activities. Even though I’ve never coded (编码) before, my will was greater than any excuse I could think of. The first version was just a one-screen App. Through the quarantines (隔离), I’ve had only 70 people to test the concept with and created little impact. Plus, leading a social organization seemed like a small boat in a rough sea to me. But instead of giving up, I chose to fill the gap.
And the coolest thing is that the more I was learning, the more people got interested in the idea. Through every leadership program, I built a stronger EnRoute Community where each person was equally passionate and brave to make a change. Their enthusiasm was my greatest fuel. At least I traveled across the world without a single carbon emission.
Fast forward to today, through EnRoute, over 4,000 people reduced more than 150,000 kg carbon emissions. The App turned into an international movement. And I even had the pleasure to be the first-ever Macedonian Global Teen Leader+Princess Diana Award Winner.
It turns out that except for being a good time to reflect and relax, bridge years can be a powerful tool to change the world as well!
4. How did the author feel during COVID-19?
A. Upset.    B. Alarmed.
C. Worried.    D. Ignorant.
5. What inspired the author to create the App, EnRoute?
A. Individual devotion to pandemic prevention.
B. Similarity between carbon emissions and COVID-19.
C. The author’s involvement in community service.
D. The influence of human activities on global warming.
6. What is the benefit of the App?
A. It unites many countries.
B. It gets many people to change.
C. It inspires the author to enjoy himself.
D. It proves the author’s ability to change others.
7. Which of the following can best describe the author?
A. Patient and selfless.    B. Able and outgoing.
C. Creative and generous.    D. Determined and responsible.
完形填空
Until April 2, 2011, everything in my life was perfect. I was sitting tight like every other
1   in the country to watch India   2   the World Cup. But this day turned my   3   upside down.
I took the train to reach home early that day to watch the match. I caught the   4   train but got pushed out. Next moment I found myself on the track with my right leg injured and
5   badly. I did not feel pain at that moment, as I think it took time to   6   the “reality”. I was sent to hospital   7  . As soon as I regained   8  , my first question was whether India won. Hearing the doctor reply yes, my happiness knew no   9  . But he also told me I should
10   with my leg.
I always dreamt of becoming a professional sportsman one day. But after this, I was in despair as I   11   it would never be possible with only one leg. Then, I happened to learn about the Paralympics (残奥会). My dream was   12  . But it was not easy. When I went for long jump, although I was good at it, I was told I would need a blade prosthetic (义肢) which I could not   13  .
I spent a year looking for   14   and approached various companies. To my luck in 2013, I got financial support from the Dakshin Rehabilitation Centre. Thereafter, I began taking my
15   in sports seriously and dreamt of representing India in Paralympics one day.
1. A. parent    B. athlete    C. student    D. fan
2. A. lift    B. imagine    C. relay    D. quit
3. A. life    B. body    C. country    D. study
4. A. steaming    B. packed    C. cheap    D. late
5. A. burning    B. bleeding    C. suffering    D. reacting
6. A. forget    B. miss    C. accept    D. welcome
7. A. gradually    B. rudely    C. immediately    D. accidentally
8. A. power    B. confidence    C. order    D. consciousness
9. A. time    B. bounds    C. colors    D. surprise
10. A. part    B. dance    C. struggle    D. meet
11. A. agreed    B. joked    C. guaranteed    D. thought
12. A. praised    B. arranged    C. restored    D. nailed
13. A. believe    B. object    C. afford    D. permit
14. A. funds    B. volunteers    C. coaches    D. receivers
15. A. injury    B. pleasure    C. talent    D. career
【阅读提升】

C

As the effects of climate change become more disastrous, well-known research institutions and government agencies are focusing new money and attention on an idea: artificially cooling the planet, in the hope of buying humanity more time to cut greenhouse gas emissions.
That strategy, called solar climate intervention (干预) or solar geoengineering, involves reflecting more of the sun’s energy back into space — abruptly reducing global temperatures in a way that imitates the effects of ash clouds flowing out from the volcanic eruptions. The idea has been considered as a dangerous and fancied solution, one that would encourage people to keep burning fossil fuels while exposing the planet to unexpected and potentially threatening side effects, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires floods and other disasters.
But, as global warming continues, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires, floods and other disasters, some researchers and policy experts say that concerns about geoengineering should be outweighed by the imperative to better understand it, in case the consequences of climate change become so terrible that the world can’t wait for better solutions.
One way to cool the earth is by injecting aerosols (气溶胶) into the upper layer of the atmosphere, where those particles reflect sunlight away from the earth. That process works, according to Douglas MacMartin, a researcher at Cornell University.
“We know with 100% certainty that we can cool the planet,” he said in an interview. What’s still unclear, he added, is what happens next. Temperature, MacMartin said, is an indicator for a lot of climate effects. “What does it do to the strength of hurricanes?” he asked, “What does it do to agriculture production? What does it do to the risk of forest fires?”
Another institution funded by the National Science Foundation will analyze hundreds of simulations of aerosol injection, testing the effects on weather extremes around the world. One goal of the research is to look for a sweet spot: the amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events without causing broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts.
1. Why do researchers and government agencies work on cooling the earth?
A. To prevent natural disasters.
B. To win more time to reduce gas emissions.
C. To imitate volcanic eruptions.
D. To encourage more people to burn fossil fuels.
2. What are researchers worried about in terms of global warming?
A. More volcanoes will throw out.
B. More solar energy will go into space.
C. More disasters will endanger the future of the world.
D. People will keep burning fossil fuels to keep warm.
3. What can be inferred from Douglas’ words in an interview?
A. He thinks more research remains to be done.
B. He is optimistic about the effect of cooling the earth.
C. He is concerned about the reduction in agriculture production.
D. He disapproves of the practice of solar climate intervention.
4. What do the underlined words “sweet spot” in the last paragraph mean?
A. The rainfall pattern of a region.    B. The modest drop in temperature.
C. The number of extreme weather events.    D. The injection amount of aerosol.

D

China’s historic 23-day Chang’e 5 mission has not only obtained precious rock and soil samples from the moon, but has also brought back a group of seeds that traveled the furthest in the nation’s agricultural and forestry histories. More than 30 kinds of seeds, including that of rice, oats etc., were placed inside the multi-module Chang’e 5 spacecraft and orbited around the moon for about 15 days.
Scientists wished to check what would happen to the seeds after being exposed to extraterrestrial (地外的) forces in lunar orbit and also hoped that they could develop beneficial mutations (突变). This mission offered good opportunities to scientists, which enabled them to deepen their studies on the effect of cosmic rays on the growth and evolution of life on Earth.
Space-based mutation breeding refers to the process of exposing seeds to forces such as microgravity, vacuums and cosmic radiation during a spaceflight and then sending them back to Earth for further observation and planting. Researchers observe and examine several generations of plants grown from space-bred seeds and investigate their mutations — some are positive and desirable while others are negative. Those with positive mutations will be kept and analyzed, and will be introduced to farmers after their certification and approval.
Space breeding can generate mutations faster and more conveniently than ground-based experiments and can bring about some desirable traits that are otherwise hard to introduce. Compared with natural or conventionally bred types of plants, space-developed versions with positive mutations usually feature higher nutritional content, greater annual yields, shorter growth periods and better resistance to diseases and insect pests.
China conducted its first space breeding experiment in 1987, using a satellite to carry seeds into space. Since then, hundreds of kinds of seeds and seedlings have traveled with dozens of Chinese spaceships. Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been approved for large-scale cultivation, ranging from grains to vegetables and fruits. The Chang’e 5 robotic mission returned 1,731 grams of lunar rock and soil to Earth, marking a historic accomplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back.
5. Why were the seeds placed inside Chang’e 5?
A. To pick out the fittest for mutations.    B. To understand extraterrestrial forces.
C. To study the intensity of cosmic rays.    D. To expose them to a special environment.
6. What do we know about space-based mutation breeding?
A. It is not a time-consuming process.    B. Mutations develop in a random way.
C. It often brings about desirable effects.    D. Approval will be granted to mutated plants.
7. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. It is a custom to put seedlings on a spacecraft.
B. China was the first to do a space breeding experiment.
C. It is only a decade since seeds were last taken into space.
D. Space breeding has brought us commercial benefits.
8. Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A. Space-bred Seeds Offer Great Chances    B. Chang’e 5 Returns with a Big Package
C. Plant Mutations Result in a Better Life    D. Seeds from Space Mark a New History
七选五
A flower festival is an event during which many types of flowers are shown to the public. In some cases, a flower festival may be a small event attended by local people who grow plants as a hobby.   1   They may attract large numbers of flower growers, flower sellers and tourists.
Usually, a flower festival takes place at a time of year when many types of flowers are fully open.   2   In this case, the organizers must make sure that the event is scheduled during the right time of year for that type.
Some festivals are arranged to encourage flower growers to grow certain types of plants. People are invited to show their flowers at the festival.   3   Prizes are given to those who grow the largest, most colorful or hardiest (最耐寒的) plants.
Besides competing for prizes, many flower growers show their plants in flower shows for business purposes. Some people use these events to win contracts with companies that buy large numbers of flowers. Some take the chance to market flowers to customers.   4   They put their newly created plants on show at these festivals.
5   Local restaurants provide meals and drinks for attendees. Musicians and other entertainers (演艺人员) are sometimes hired to provide attendees with pleasure. Nearby hotels and shops are full of people. They all can make a lot of money from the event.
A. There will be competitions.
B. These flowers can be very expensive.
C. Other festivals are big international events.
D. Some festivals focus on a certain type of plant.
E. Some growers have created new types of flowers.
F. Usually, some flower festivals are held in the big parks.
G. Flower festivals can also encourage local economic (经济的) development.
【写作训练】
一、应用文
假如你是李华，你校英文报正在开展以“我的偶像（My Idol）”为题的征文比赛。请写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 简要介绍你的偶像；
2. 你的偶像对你的影响。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
My Idol
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
二、读后续写
When I was 15, I followed Roy to the deep mountain in search of astragalus root (黄芪), which is a rare and valuable plant.
We searched the plant for a whole day, but without luck. We found nothing. As it got dark, I asked Roy to go back, but he refused and said, “I would rather sleep on the mountain tonight and continue to search tomorrow!”
I desired to go home but I lacked the courage to go back alone, so I chose to stay and help Roy put up a simple tent under a tree. It was freezing cold on the mountain and there were scores of mosquitoes, which made it impossible for us to have a good sleep. What’s worse, we heard a wolf howling nearby! I was so scared.
“I heard that wolves bully (欺负) the weak and fear the strong,” Roy told me. “Let’s strike the shovel (铲子) and shout to scare it away!” He found a stone and started to strike the shovel. And then he shouted as he struck the shovel. Inspired, I followed him to shout loudly.
Half an hour later, I felt cold all over the body. And the cold air on the mountain made that worse. My stomach began to ache. I lay in the tent, shivering, sweating and then falling unconscious. Roy was shocked with panic. He called my name screamingly, but I just made no response. He tried to put me on his back to carry me home but without success. At last, he went out and found some tree branches and blocked up the entrance to our tent with them. Then, he ran to the direction of our village as fast as he could.
Not knowing how much time went by, I heard some sounds approaching near. I thought it was Roy but I didn’t hear him saying anything. In a shock, I sat up with a rush. At that moment, my eyes had adjusted to the darkness. Through a hole of our tent, I saw two animals like dogs removing the tree branches with their mouths and claws. They were wolves!
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1:
Their sudden appearance shocked me and a cold sweat broke out all over my body. ________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Strangely, I saw the two wolves turn around and run away in a flash. ___________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【美文欣赏】
以下文章来自《英译中国现代散文选（一）》，翻译自李大钊先生的《艰难的国运与雄健的国民》
National Crisis vs Heroic Nation
The course of history is never smooth. It is sometimes beset with difficulties and obstacles and nothing short of a heroic spirit can help surmount them.
A mighty long river sometimes flows through a broad section with plains lying boundless on either side, its waters rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles. Sometimes it comes up against a narrow section flanked by high mountains and steep cliffs, winding through a course with many a perilous twist and turn. A nation, in the course of its development, fares likewise.
The historical course of man’s life is just like a journey. A traveller on a long journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a determined traveller cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.
The Chinese nation is now confronted with a rugged and dangerous section of its historical course. Nevertheless, there is also in this section a spectacle of enormous magnificence that inspires in us passers-by a delightful sensation of splendor. And this delightful sensation, however, can only be shared by those with a heroic spirit.
The Yangtse River and the Yellow River are both symbolic of our national spirit. The two mighty rivers negotiate deserts and gorges until their turbid torrents surge forward with irresistible force. The present national crisis can never obstruct the advance of our national life. Let us brace up our spirits and march through this rugged, dangerous road to the tune of our solemn, stirring songs. The greatest joy of life, mind you, is to build up our country during its most difficult days.
艰难的国运与雄健的国民
历史的道路，不会是坦平的，有时走到艰难险阻的境界。这是全靠雄健的精神才能够冲过去的。
一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界，平原无际，一泻万里。有时流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山迭岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于其间，回环曲折，极其险峻。民族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。
人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，因是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。
中华民族现在所逢的史路，是一段崎岖险阻的道路。在这一段道路上，实在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的境致，使我们经过此段道路的人，感得一种壮美的趣味。但这种壮美的趣味，是非有雄健的精神不能够感觉到的。
我们的扬子江、黄河，可以代表我们的民族精神，扬子江及黄河遇见沙漠、遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去，以成其浊流滚滚，一泻万里的魄势。目前的艰难境界，那能阻抑我们民族生命的前进。我们应该拿出雄健的精神，高唱着进行的曲调，在这悲壮歌声中，走过这崎岖险阻的道路。要知在艰难的国运中建造国家，亦是人生最有趣味的事……
李大钊（1888-1927）此文载于1923年12月20日《新民国》第1卷第2号上，短小隽永，堪称一首诗意盎然的抒情散文诗。作者用象征、比喻等手法，说明历史发展的必然规律以及中国革命面临的艰难险阻。

参考答案

【词汇积累】
一、单词拼写
1. soul    2. author    3. discount    4. achievement    5. opportunity
6. classical    7. satisfaction    8. evidently    9. Surrounded    10. illegal
二、词性转换
1. convenient    2. patience    3. energetic    4. beneficial    5. location
6. regularly    7. inspiring    8. distance    9. rudeness    10. embarrassing
三、根据汉语和首字母提示，在空格处填写正确的单词形式
1. services
2. service
3. served
4. serve
5. servants
1. short
2. shortly
3. shortcomings
4. short
5. shorten
1. shyness
2. shyly
3. shy
1. silent
2. silence
3. silence
4. silently
1. simply
2. simply
3. simple
4. simple
1. slight
2. slight
3. slightly
4. slightly
1. socialist
2. social
3. social
4. society
5. social
1. soft
2. softly
3. soft
1. strength
2. strongly
3. strong
4. strong
5. strong
1. succeed
2. success
3. successful
4. succeeding
5. successfully
【语法冲关】
一、单句语法填空
1. when    2. making    3. watching    4. where    5. What
6. taken    7. whether    8. that    9. Selected    10. which
二、语法填空
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现在孩子在户外玩耍的时间越来越少，但是户外玩耍对孩子来说是有好处的，无论是父母带着孩子在外面玩或者让孩子自己自由地玩耍都对孩子的成长有好处。
1. increasing 考查词性转换。句意：孩子们待在室内的时间越来越长。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处作定语，修饰名词amount，应用形容词increasing，表示“不断增加的”。故填increasing。
2. Compared 考查非谓语动词。句意：祖父母把大部分空闲时间都花在了探索户外世界，与他们相比，现在你极有可能发现孩子们待在家里。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词作状语，动词compare与主语kids构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以此处应用compare的过去分词形式compared，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Compared。
3. be found 考查动词的语态。句意同上。be likely to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“有可能做某事”，且此处动词find与主语kids之间为被动关系，由前面的不定式符号to可知，此处应用be found。故填be found。
4. Thanks 考查固定搭配。句意：因为父母的担心和绿地的减少，如今户外活动的时间往往由父母主导。thanks to是固定搭配，表示“幸亏；由于；因为”，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Thanks。
5. that/which 考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，这里是限定性定语从句，先行词是time，指物，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。故填that/which。
6. different 考查词性转换。句意：父母带着孩子玩耍和孩子自由地玩耍有很大的不同，且这两种玩耍也无法带来同样的好处。be different from是固定搭配，表示“与……不同”。故填different。
7. are 考查动词的时态与主谓一致。句意：两者对孩子的成长都很重要，但许多家庭发现孩子自由玩耍的时间减少了。句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，句子的主语是Both，表示复数概念，所以谓语动词应用are。故填are。
8. as 考查固定搭配。句意：对孩子的成长来说，无拘无束的玩耍和户外玩耍一样重要。as＋形容词原级＋as，是固定搭配，表示“和……一样”。故填as。
9. development 考查词性转换。句意同上。根据介词for可知，空处应用名词作宾语，develop的名词为development，意为“发展”，且development为不可数名词。故填development。
10. a 考查冠词。句意：它带来了社交、精神和身体上的好处，同时也是消磨时间的有趣方式。句中way是名词，表示“方式”，是可数名词，此处表示“一种有趣的方式”，是单数，所以用不定冠词，且fun发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
【阅读基础】
A
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个让人放松的景点。
1. B 细节理解题。根据China’s Silk Road部分中的“Traveling to China’s Silk Road is a journey of contrasts: Han and Uyghur ethnicities, ...”和Daocheng部分中的“Daocheng is a popular stopover point on the journey to Yading, a place where you can appreciate the nature of the Tibetan minority culture.”可知，丝绸之路之旅和稻城之旅都涉及了少数民族，因此适合对少数民族文化感兴趣的人。故选B。
2. D 细节理解题。根据Yangtze River部分中的“The ship frequently stops and you can explore the attractions of different cities along the riverbank.”可知，在长江之旅的途中，游客们可以欣赏沿途城市的景点。故选D。
3. A 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了四个让人放松的景点。由此推知，这篇文章很有可能出现在一本旅游指南上。故选A。
B
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了疫情期间作者受社区互帮互助的启发，开发出了一款能够帮助人们减少在购物和交通活动中的碳排放的应用程序EnRoute。
4. C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I’ve had many concerns, the greatest one of which was being unable to help my community”可知，作者有许多担忧，其中最大的担忧是无法帮助他的社区。由此可知，在疫情期间，作者感到很担忧。故选C。
5. A 推理判断题。通读第二段可知，解决新冠疫情的办法是只能依靠个人的行动和人类的善意。但人类必须应对的下一个挑战——气候变化，是无法用疫苗来解决的。因此，作者想到可以通过每个人的日常活动来应对全球变暖。由此可推知，新冠疫情期间，个人在疫情预防方面做出的贡献给予了作者启发，从而开发出了EnRoute这款应用程序。故选A。
6. B 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“And the coolest thing is that the more I was learning, the more people got interested in the idea.”和第五段第一句“Fast forward to today, through EnRoute, over 4,000 people reduced more than 150,000 kg carbon emissions.”可知，这款应用程序让很多人产生兴趣并参与进来，降低了碳排放量。由此可推知，这款应用程序的好处是让很多人做出了改变。故选B。
7. D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I’ve had many concerns, the greatest one of which was being unable to help my community”可知，作者为疫情深感担忧；结合第三段最后一句“But instead of giving up, I chose to fill the gap.”可知，作者排除万难研发应用程序，越挫越勇，不断改进。由此可推知，作者是一位有着坚定决心和强烈社会责任心的人。故选D。
完形填空
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在2011年4月2日这一天不慎摔下火车，右腿被截肢，一直梦想有一天能成为一名职业运动员的作者陷入了绝望。在了解到残奥会后，作者重拾了梦想，开始寻找资助买义肢，并最终得到了资助，开始认真对待自己的体育事业，梦想有一天能代表印度参加残奥会。
1. D 考查名词辨析。句意：我和这个国家的其他球迷一样坐在那里观看印度举起世界杯。A. parent父亲，母亲；B. athlete运动员；C. student学生；D. fan狂热爱好者。根据后文提到作者在观看世界杯，所以推测这里指和其他球迷一样坐着观看电视。故选D。
2. A 考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. lift举起；B. imagine想象；C. relay转送；D. quit停止。根据后文“the World Cup”可知指印度举起世界杯，lift符合语境。故选A。
3. A 考查名词辨析。句意：但这一天让我的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化。A. life生活；B. body身体；C. country国家；D. study学习。后文讲述了作者因为从火车上摔下去，导致腿被截肢，由此可推测作者的生活在这一天发生了翻天覆地的变化。故选A。
4. B 考查形容词辨析。句意：我赶上了拥挤的火车，却被推了出去。A. steaming非常热的；B. packed挤满人的，异常拥挤的；C. cheap便宜的；D. late迟的。根据后文“... train but got pushed out”并结合常识，可推测火车非常拥挤。故选B。
5. B 考查动词辨析。句意：紧接着，我发现自己在轨道上，右腿受了伤，严重失血。A. burning燃烧；B. bleeding流血；C. suffering遭受；D. reacting反应。根据上文“my right leg injured and ...”可知作者伤了右腿，失血严重。故选B。
6. C 考查动词辨析。句意：那一刻我并没有感到痛苦，因为我觉得接受“现实”需要时间。A. forget忘记；B. miss错过；C. accept接受；D. welcome欢迎。结合后文宾语“the ‘reality’”可知此处指花时间接受“现实”。故选C。
7. C 考查副词辨析。句意：我被立即送往医院。A. gradually逐渐地；B. rudely粗鲁地；C. immediately立即；D. accidentally意外地。作者受了重伤，所以是立即被送往医院。故选C。
8. D 考查名词辨析。句意：我一恢复意识，我的第一个问题是印度是否赢了。A. power力量；B. confidence自信；C. order秩序；D. consciousness意识。根据后文“my first question was whether India won”可知指作者恢复意识了就问印度是不是赢了比赛，consciousness符合语境。故选D。
9. B 考查名词辨析。句意：听到医生的回答是肯定的，我高兴极了。A. time时间；B. bounds界限；C. colors颜色；D. surprise惊奇。根据上文“Hearing the doctor reply yes, my happiness knew no ...”可知指作者得知印度获胜的消息，非常高兴，短语no bounds“无止境”。故选B。
10. A 考查动词辨析。句意：但他也告诉我，我应该舍弃我的腿。A. part（使）分开；B. dance跳（舞）；C. struggle挣扎；D. meet遭遇。结合后文“it would never be possible with only one leg.”可知医生告诉作者要截肢，part with“（不情愿地）放弃某物，舍弃某物”符合语境。故选A。
11. D 考查动词辨析。句意：但在这之后，我陷入了绝望，因为我认为只有一条腿是不可能实现的。A. agreed同意；B. joked开玩笑；C. guaranteed保证；D. thought认为。根据后文“it would never be possible with only one leg”可知，只有一条腿是不可能实现梦想的，是作者当时的想法。故选D。
12. C 考查动词辨析。句意：我的梦想重启了。A. praised赞美；B. arranged安排；C. restored恢复；D. nailed钉住。根据上文“Then, I happened to learn about the Paralympics (残奥会).”可知，作者碰巧了解到残奥会，自己想要成为职业运动员的梦想又重启了。故选C。
13. C 考查动词辨析。句意：当我参加跳远比赛时，尽管我很擅长，但我被告知需要一个刀片式义肢，而我负担不起。A. believe相信；B. object反对；C. afford买得起；D. permit允许。呼应后文“To my luck in 2013, I got financial support from the Dakshin Rehabilitation Centre.”作者得到经济援助，可推测作者当时买不起义肢。故选C。
14. A 考查名词辨析。句意：我花了一年时间寻找资金，接触了很多公司。A. funds资金；B. volunteers志愿者；C. coaches教练；D. receivers（破产企业或公司的）管理人，接管人。呼应后文“To my luck in 2013, I got financial support from the Dakshin Rehabilitation Centre.”。故选A。
15. D 考查名词辨析。句意：从那以后，我开始认真对待我的体育事业，梦想有一天能代表印度参加残奥会。A. injury（身体上的）伤；B. pleasure快乐；C. talent才能；D. career事业。根据后文“in sports seriously and dreamt of representing India in Paralympics one day”可知作者得到了资助，所以开始认真对待自己的体育事业。故选D。
【阅读提升】
C
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍全球气候变化带来了各种灾难性天气，政府和相关研究机构提出了可能的应对办法。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段“... artificially cooling the planet, in the hope of buying humanity more time to cut greenhouse gas emissions.”可知，研究者和政府机构给地球降温是为了赢得更多的时间来减少温室气体的排放。故选B。
2. C 推理判断题。根据第三段“But, as global warming continues, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires, floods and other disasters, ... in case the consequences of climate change become so terrible that the world can’t wait for better solutions.”可推知，研究者担心全球变暖造成的各种灾难可能会让未来的世界处于危险中。故选C。
3. A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“What’s still unclear, he added, is what happens next.”以及“‘What does it do to the strength of hurricanes?’ he asked, ‘What does it do to agriculture production? What does it do to the risk of forest fires?’”可推知，Douglas认为还有很多疑问没有解开，所以还有很多研究有待去做。故选A。
4. B 词义猜测题。根据画线词语所在句“One goal of the research is to look for a sweet spot: the amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events without causing broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts.”可知，这里的“最佳点”指的是，人工降温要适度，既可以减少气候变暖带来的极端天气事件，又不会给气候造成太大的影响，因此“sweet spot”指的是适度的降温。故选B。
D
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国“嫦娥五号”探测器不仅从月球上获取了珍贵的岩石和土壤样本，还带回了一些种子，并由此介绍了太空育种带来的巨大影响和经济效益。
5. D 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Scientists wished to check what would happen to the seeds after being exposed to extraterrestrial (地外的) forces in lunar orbit and also hoped that they could develop beneficial mutations (突变).”可推知，种子被放在嫦娥五号里是为了让它们暴露在特殊环境下。故选D。
6. B 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Researchers observe and examine several generations of plants grown from space-bred seeds and investigate their mutations — some are positive and desirable while others are negative.”可推知，突变是以随机的方式发生的。故选B。
7. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been approved for large-scale cultivation, ranging from grains to vegetables and fruits.”可推知，太空育种给我们带来了商业利益。故选D。
8. A 标题判断题。文章主要讲了太空育种给人类带来了很多好处，相比来说有更多优势，所以选项A（太空培育种子提供了巨大的机遇）最适合作文章标题。选项B没有提到太空育种；选项C没有提到太空；选项D混淆了概念，不是来自太空的种子，而是从地球带到太空发生突变再带回地球的种子，所以排除选项B、选项C和选项D。故选A。
七选五
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了花卉节的活动方式及活动意义。
1. C 根据上文“In some cases, a flower festival may be a small event attended by local people who grow plants as a hobby.”可知，花卉节可能是一个小型活动。根据下文“They may attract large numbers of flower growers, flower sellers and tourists.”可知，空处应介绍花卉节也可能是大型活动。由此可推知，C项“Other festivals are big international events.”承上启下，符合语境。其中，“big international events”与上文中的“a small event”呼应。故选C。
2. D 根据下文“In this case, the organizers must make sure that the event is scheduled during the right time of year for that type.”可知，上文应提到某种植物。由此可推知，D项“Some festivals focus on a certain type of plant.”符合语境，其中“a certain type of plant”与下文for “that type”呼应。故选D。
3. A 根据上文“People are invited to show their flowers at the festival.”和下文“Prizes are given to those who grow the largest, most colorful or hardiest (最耐寒的) plants.”可推知，花卉节期间会组织比赛。由此可知，A项“There will be competitions.”符合语境。故选A。
4. E 根据下文“They put their newly created plants on show at these festivals.”可推知，E项“Some growers have created new types of flowers.”与其语义照应。其中“new types of flowers”与下文“their newly created plants”呼应，符合语境。故选E。
5. G 空处是本段小标题。通读下文内容可知，该段主要介绍花卉节能拉动经济增长。由此可知，G项“Flower festivals can also encourage local economic (经济的) development.”最能概括本段主要内容，适合作本段小标题。故选G。
【写作训练】
一、应用文
参考范文：
My Idol
Believe it or not, my grandmother is my idol. She is no different from other grandmothers who devote their love to their children and grandchildren. Then what on earth makes her my idol?
It is her desire to learn that contributes to my respect. She didn’t have any school when young but learned to read and write by herself. Besides, she also learned to use the smart phone. Influenced by my grandmother, I realized the importance of study from an early age, which made me always excellent in study.
Don’t you think she deserves to be my idol?
二、读后续写
参考范文：
Paragraph 1:
Their sudden appearance shocked me and a cold sweat broke out all over my body. But I managed to gather myself together. I struck the shovel left beside me with a stone and screamed as loudly as I could. The two wolves were frightened at first and stepped back. But after a short time of hesitation, they continued to remove the branches. And no matter how hard I struck the shovel, they just ignored. I was in despair. But I still held the stone and shovel firmly, thinking I wouldn’t give up without a fight.
Paragraph 2:
Strangely, I saw the two wolves turn around and run away in a flash. “Are they afraid of my shovel?” I wondered. But I realized I was wrong when I saw many flashlights approaching my tent quickly. It turned out that Roy had run away to seek help. With a dozen of villagers, Roy was coming to my rescue! They were calling my name and I responded as they removed the branches. As Roy got into the tent and hugged me, I couldn’t help crying, both in fright and relief.