2023新高三·英语暑假作业（新高考卷）

2023新高三·英语暑假作业（新高考卷）

Week One

______月______日    星期__________    姓名：__________

本系列暑假作业共6周，每周内容由【词汇积累】、【语法冲关】、【阅读基础】、【阅读提升】、【写作训练】、【美文欣赏】6个板块组成。

【词汇积累】
一、词性转换
1. action  n. ____________
____________  v. 做事，表演，演出
____________  adj. 积极的，主动的
____________  n. 演员
____________  n. 活动
2. African  adj. ____________  n. ____________
____________  n. 非洲
3. apologize  v. ____________
____________  n. 道歉
4. angry  adj. ____________
____________  n. 怒气，怒火  v. 使发怒
5. agreement  n. ____________
____________  v. 同意
6. anxiously  adv. ____________
____________  adj. 焦虑，忧虑，担心
____________  n. 焦虑，忧虑
7. attend  v. ____________
____________  n. 关心，注意
____________  adj. 专心的
____________  adv. 专心地
8. achieve  vt. ____________
____________  n. 成绩，成就，完成
9. absence  n. ____________
____________  adj. 缺席
10. arrival  n. ____________
____________  v. 到达，抵达
11. basic  adj. ____________
____________  v. 以……为基础  n. 基础，根基，基地
____________  adv. 大体上；基本上
12. bath  n. ____________
____________  v. 用水清洗（尤指身体部位）
13. beauty  n. 美丽，漂亮
____________  adj. 美丽的，漂亮的
____________  adv. 美丽地，漂亮地
14. breath  n. ____________
____________  v. 呼吸
15. believe  v. 相信
____________  adj. 可相信的
____________  n. 信心，相信，信仰
二、词组填空（必要时改变词形）
take action        be aimed at        be addicted to        adapt to            be against
agree with        be just about to    add up to            take advantage of    be accused of
(1) The children are finding it hard to                            the new school.
(2) Last month the professor                            stealing his student’s ideas.
(3) The numbers                            exactly 100.
(4) Your story doesn’t                            what the police have told us.
(5) I decide to                            the good weather to paint the door.
(6) The use of drugs                            the law; it is illegal.
(7) These measures                            preventing violent crimes.
(8) We                            leave when Jerry arrived.
(9) The government must                            now to stop the rise in road accidents.
(10) Some kids                            surfing the Internet; they often forget their schoolwork.
三、易混词辨析
1.forgettable  adj. ________________________
forgetful  adj. ________________________
2.considerate  adj. ________________________
considerable  adj. ________________________
3.economic  adj. ________________________
economical  adj. ________________________
4.creation  n. ________________________
creativity  n. ________________________
5.physician  n. ________________________
physicist  n. ________________________
6.comparable  adj. ________________________
comparative  adj. ________________________
7.ashamed  adj. ________________________
shameful  adj. ________________________
8.confident  adj. ________________________
confidential  adj. ________________________
9.disability  n. ________________________
inability  n. ________________________
10.objection  n. ________________________
objectivity  n. ________________________
11.worthless  adj. ________________________
priceless  adj. ________________________
12.valueless  adj. ________________________
invaluable  adj. ________________________
13.respectful  adj. ________________________
respectable  adj. ________________________
14.impress  v. ________________________
impressive  adj. ________________________
15.term  n. ________________________
terms  n. ________________________
【语法冲关】
一、非谓语动词
1. She doesn’t like __________ (praise).
2. She was sorry she had got no knife __________ (cut) it with.
3. The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, __________ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.
4. __________ (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
5. It took him a long time __________ (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
6. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the __________ (remain) 20 dollars.
7. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door __________ (read) “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
8. The first man __________ (fly) into space is considered to be extremely brave.
9. The problem __________ (discuss) is of much importance. We are waiting for its result.
10. With years __________ (go) by, we became convinced that he wouldn’t return.
二、语法填空
（一）
Last week, 18 students from our school, including me, participated   1   the Speech and Debate in our city. The competition lasted for a whole day. I could see that many of my teammates were nervous. But all the time when we were not competing, we would go to the rooms where our teammates were waiting for their turn   2   (perform), and encourage them whenever we could with a V sign while they were on the stage. In the end, our team won two first   3   (place)!
Although I didn’t get a prize at the award ceremony,   4   was what I had hoped for, I learned about friendship, teamwork, and to believe in myself. My teammates gave me   5   (confident) and hope all the time, and this   6   (be) something that I will never forget later on. To be honest, on the day when I was going to compete, there was a knot (结) that   7   (tie) in my heart. I kept thinking, “You are not so   8   (familiarly) with everybody in this team. Would they ignore you?”
But after all we were through, I felt that we were   9   true family and simply laughed at myself for   10   (have) such an immature and stupid thought.
（二）
Many legends have been left in China about the   1   (construct) of the Great Wall. Among them, the story of Lady Meng Jiang, called “Meng Jiangnü’s Bitter Weeping”,   2   (be) the most moving and known to every family in China.
Lady Meng Jiang lived during the Qin Dynasty. In order to build the Great Wall, Emperor Qin Shi Huang ordered 300 thousand people to work. Lady Meng Jiang’s husband   3   (force) to build the Great Wall just three days after they got married. Hearing nothing from her husband for   4   long time, Lady Meng Jiang missed him very much. She decided to set off   5   (look)
for him. She traveled many miles, going through a lot of hardships. When she   6   (final) reached the foot of the Great Wall, a fellow countryman told her that her husband had died   7  
was buried under the Wall. Lady Meng Jiang was so sad that she cried for three days and nights until a 400-kilometer-long section of the Great Wall fell down and the dead   8   (body) of her husband and many others were seen. The heartbroken Lady Meng Jiang killed herself   9  
jumping into the sea.
Today, you can visit a structure   10   (build) at Shanhaiguan Pass near the sea in memory of this loyal lady.
【阅读基础】

A

All around the world, some civilizations built new cities on top of ancient ruins. The presence of ancient ruins in a city not only adds reputation but also increases the economy. Here are four modern cities built on ancient ruins.
Luxor, Egypt
Luxor is a modern city situated on the east bank of the Nile River in southern Egypt. During the 16–14 centuries B.C., this city was called Thebes. Large temples, royal tombs and the Valley of the Kings are situated around this area in Egypt.
Mexico City, Mexico
The Nahua Aztec found Mexico City around 1325 and it became the capital of an advanced growing empire (帝国). Temple Mayor is one of the last surviving ruins dating back to the pre-Columbian Aztec empire. Making handicrafts (手工艺品) in ancient ways attracts visitors there.
Seoul, Korea
Seoul is currently the largest city in South Korea, whose history goes back almost 2,000 years. While Seoul is considered a very modern city, the ancient city wall can still be found in its very center. Historians believe that the wall dated back to the early 1300s and was built to protect Seoul from attackers.
Kyoto, Japan
Kyoto is known as one of Japan’s oldest and most historically significant cities. It is believed that Kyoto was founded around 794 A.D. and was the capital of Japan until 1868. For a thousand years, the city remained faithful to its roots and became famous for its classical Buddhist temples, gardens and royal palaces.
1. Which city has the longest history?
A. Luxor, Egypt.    B. Mexico City, Mexico.
C. Seoul, Korea.    D. Kyoto, Japan.
2. What can we know about Seoul, Korea?
A. It’s the oldest city in South Korea.
B. It has temples and royal palaces.
C. It has an ancient defensive wall.
D. It was the capital of an ancient empire.
3. What can you do in Kyoto, Japan?
A. Travel in the valley.
B. See Buddhist temples.
C. Experience making handicrafts.
D. Visit royal tombs.

B

Evenings With Dad
Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from work. I’d watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet, comb and keys.
Dad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say: “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?”
I was more than happy to do it. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me and place the comb on top of his wallet.
About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn’t come home as much as he used to. I started to get mad. Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job? Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble? Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home.
Now I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has also started to get back on track. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me went on.
Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he asked me to clean his comb. I looked at him for a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.
It was a new comb. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it. After cleaning it, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before.
4. How did the author feel about her earliest memories with her dad?
A. Moved.    B. Cheerful.    C. Challenging.    D. Tired.
5. The reason why Dad started his own business was most probably that __________.
A. he lost his job and had to make a living
B. he was eager to get a sense of achievement
C. he hoped to earn a better life for the family
D. he wanted to protect his life from getting shaky
6. From the passage we know that the author’s dad was __________.
A. kind to the colleagues    B. confident in his work
C. strict with his daughter    D. responsible for his family
7. The author shared her story with her dad because __________.
A. she intended to remember their happy time
B. she took pride in helping her father clean the combs
C. she was grateful for what her father had done for the family
D. she wanted others to draw a lesson from her personal experience
完形填空
Graduation day is one of the most important milestones in many people’s lives.
Timothy grew up from a poor family, and he was   1   to make some money before officially graduating from high school, so he   2   a job. About a week before his graduation ceremony, Timothy asked his manager Cedric for the day off.   3  , on graduation day, Cedric was   4   when Timothy showed up for his shift anyway. Timothy   5   that he couldn’t get a
6   across town.
Cedric and the other employees   7   formed a plan to get Timothy to his graduation no matter what! The   8   made a list of what needed to be done to get Timothy there and divided it all up. Once they had   9   what they needed, everyone took turns helping Timothy until he felt like Cinderella (灰姑娘)   10   the ball! An employee, Shantana,   11   Timothy to the ceremony, patiently   12   outside the whole time until he finished taking pictures and celebrating with his friends.
Cedric said they were happy to   13   Timothy because he’s a good kid — and because it was the right thing to do! Their wonderful   14   even inspired Lawson State Community College to offer Timothy free tuition and books if he wants to continue his education beyond high school!
Kindness truly made an unforgettable   15   on this young man’s life.
1. A. eager    B. able    C. content    D. sure
2. A. offered    B. took    C. selected    D. abandoned
3. A. Yet    B. Besides    C. Instead    D. Also
4. A. excited    B. confused    C. angry    D. nervous
5. A. claimed    B. insisted    C. realized    D. explained
6. A. tour    B. ride    C. map    D. view
7. A. casually    B. wildly    C. quickly    D. cautiously
8. A. community    B. family    C. class    D. staff
9. A. estimated    B. discovered    C. gathered    D. assigned
10. A. putting off    B. heading for    C. returning from    D. arriving at
11. A. showed    B. invited    C. introduced    D. drove
12. A. standing    B. wandering    C. queuing    D. waiting
13. A. help    B. greet    C. comfort    D. please
14. A. ceremony    B. vision    C. gesture    D. culture
15. A. impact    B. comment    C. concept    D. record
【阅读提升】

C

Creativity Improves Your Health
Creativity helps us create works of beauty, solve problems, and refresh our bodies and our minds. Studies show that engaging in creative behaviors improves brain function, mental health and physical health.
You’ve probably heard of flow — it’s the state you get in when you’re completely absorbed in something. Have you ever been working on a project and completely lost all sense of self and time? That’s flow. It reduces anxiety, boosts your mood, and even slows your heart rate. But it’s not just being in flow that makes you happy. Repetitive creative motions like knitting, drawing, or writing help activate flow, and are all tasks that create a result. When you succeed in creating a result, your brain is flooded with dopamine, a natural anti-depressant that actually helps motivate you, whether or not you’re aware of your increased happiness.
Creativity reduces anxiety, depression and stress. Studies have found that writing helps people manage their negative emotions in a productive way, and painting or drawing helps people express their mental injury or hurtful experiences that they find too difficult to put into words. A creative act such as crafting can help focus the mind, and has even been compared to meditation (冥想) due to its calming effects on the brain and body.
What’s more, studies show people who write about their experiences daily actually have stronger immune system function. Writing, a creative work, increases your CD4+ lymphocyte count, the key to your immune system. Playing music can also function well in your immune system. Our left brain is responsible for the motor functions, while our right brain focuses on melody. When the two parts work together, our cognitive function improves.
It’s pretty amazing that doing the activities is good for us. Get a pen and start writing or coloring. Get your hands dirty with pottery or gardening or pick up an instrument. Whatever you decide to do, it’s time to start getting creative!
1. Which situation shows that you are in flow?
A. You are working with a difficult task.    B. You are having a boring repetitive action.
C. You get lost and don’t know where to go.    D. You are absorbed in a work that interests you.
2. The underlined word “dopamine” in paragraph 2 is probably __________.
A. an awareness of how to be successful
B. a thought having calming effects on the brain
C. an activity to fight against your negative emotions
D. a material for the functioning of the nervous system
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Repetitive actions can cure patients with mental diseases.
B. Creative activities help you build a stronger immune system
C. Meditation makes your anxiety, depression and stress disappear.
D. Telling others your hurtful experiences helps improve your health.
4. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A novel on science.    B. A newspaper on technology.
C. A magazine on health.    D. A website on psychology.

D

A lunar probe launched (发射) by the Chinese space agency recently brought back the first fresh samples (样品) of rock from the moon in more than 40 years. Now an international team of scientists has determined the age of these moon rocks at close to 1.97 billion years old.
“It is the perfect sample to close a 2-billion-year gap,” said Jolliff, the Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Jolliff is a U.S.-based co-author of an analysis of the new moon rocks led by the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, published Oct. 7 in the journal Science. The age determination is among the first scientific results reported from the successful Chang’e-5 mission, which was designed to collect and return rocks to the Earth from some of the youngest volcanic surfaces on the moon.
“Of course, ‘young’ is relative,” Jolliff said. “All of the volcanic rocks collected by Apollo were older than 3 billion years. And all of the young impact craters (陨石坑) whose ages have been determined from the analysis of samples are younger than 1 billion years. So the Chang’e-5 samples fill a critical gap.”
The gap that Jolliff references is important not only for studying the moon, but also for studying other rocky planets in the solar system.
As a planetary body, the moon is about 4.5 billion years old, almost as old as the Earth. But unlike the Earth, the moon doesn’t have mountain-building processes that tend to erase craters over the years. Scientists have taken advantage of the moon’s lasting craters to develop methods of estimating the ages of different regions on its surface.
“Planetary scientists know that the more craters on a surface, the older it is; the fewer craters, the younger the surface. That’s a nice relative determination,” Jolliff said. “But to put absolute age dates on that, one has to have samples from those surfaces.”
5. What function does paragraph 1 play?
A. Briefly introducing the text.
B. Introducing the Chang’e-5 mission.
C. Motivating readers to read the text.
D. Analyzing the reasons for the study.
6. What can we know from paragraph 2?
A. The analysis of the new moon rocks was organized by America.
B. The result of the new moon rock analysis was made public.
C. Chang’e-5 mission is to collect all moon rocks.
D. The new moon rocks are 3 billion years old.
7. How do scientists determine the accurate age of the moon surface?
A. By analyzing rocky planets.
B. By seeing the photos of the moon surface.
C. By calculating the number of the craters.
D. By studying the samples from the moon surface.
8. Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A. Chang’e-5 Samples Uncover Key Age of the Moon Rocks
B. Chang’e-5 Completed Its Tasks Successfully
C. The Age of the Young Moon Craters was Determined
D. China and America Worked Together Successfully
七选五
Picture this: you’ve just settled into your workday and pulled up that big report you need to finish, when a friend sends you a couple of celebrity videos on WeChat.   1   And then the next thing you know, an hour has gone by while that big report sits, ignored, on your desk. So how does that happen?
To understand this, we conducted a series of studies with 6,445 people. We found the order and types of content we consume can affect our decision to keep consuming similar content. But what drives this effect?   2   When something feels more accessible, it becomes easier to process, leading us to enjoy it more.
The research also explains why it’s so easy to get distracted by apps on social media at work.
3   They offer bite-sized content that makes it easy to quickly consume several videos in a row. They often automatically suggest similar content, and many of them even automatically start playing similar videos, reducing the potential for interruptions.
4   To fight the pull, make an effort to just watch one video. If you really want to watch multiple in a row, choose videos that seem unrelated. You can also use a social media timer that urges you to take a break after a certain amount of time, or even just consciously remind yourself to consume different kinds of content.
So, if you’re struggling to climb out of a rabbit hole, try to find ways to reduce the similarity, repetitiveness, and relatedness of the content you’re consuming.   5   Once you manage to break free, you’ll be back at that big report in no time.
A. It can be difficult, but it’s not impossible.
B. You figure you’ll just take a few minutes to watch them.
C. Accessibility refers to how familiar a given kind of content feels.
D. These platforms are designed to trap viewers in a social media rabbit hole.
E. The research suggests that there are factors increasing the accessibility of similar media.
F. The good news is, a better understanding of the problem can give us the tools to escape it.
G. This will become a problem if it keeps you from doing the things you actually want to be
doing.
【写作训练】
一、应用文
假定你是李华。近年来，中国航天科技取得了令人瞩目的成就。为了增加学生对中国航天的了解，你校将邀请北京大学的李教授进行一次专题讲座。你校外籍教师Bruce对航天很感兴趣，请你写一封邮件邀请他来听讲座。内容包括：
1. 讲座时间与地点：本周六晚上7点学校报告厅；
2. 讲座主题：中国航天；
3. 讲座内容：中国航天发展的背景、历程和所取得的成就，以及中国航天员的情况等。
参考词汇：中国航天  China Spaceflight
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
二、读后续写
That night, after a couple of restless hours, Dora woke up suddenly at midnight. She went to her bathroom. Stepping on the carpet she noticed it was damp. Looking out, she found that muddy water was inching up the wood-paneled walls! She ran to her father’s bedside. “Daddy, Daddy,” she cried, shaking him violently. “Wake up. There’s water in the house!”
Barefoot and wearing only shorts, Dykstra walked to the entrance and opened the door. What he saw shook him wide-awake. Duchess, their dog, was standing just outside the door, her feet in six inches of water. That meant the roadway, their only means of escape, was flooded. He hid his anxiety. They climbed up the ladder-like stairs to a loft (阁楼) above the living room. From there they could hear the water filling the room below, creeping (缓慢地行进) toward them. Suddenly the whole house trembled as if struck by an earthquake. The next instant they found themselves floating, and the wooden house being swept along the river! Terrified that the cabin would sink and take them down with it, Dykstra decided that they would have to get out. Wrapping his arms tightly round his daughter, he plunged (猛冲) into the icy water.
The house was behind them now, chasing them through the darkness. Before he could get out of its path, the house — pushed by the tremendous power of the water — pinned him at the trunk. His ribs (肋骨) were crushed. His left leg was broken. He lost consciousness. Then the house shifted, releasing him. Dora found herself drifting downstream, her unconscious father beside her. “Don’t die, Daddy!” she cried. “Please!”
Perhaps it was the cry of the little girl that stirred Dykstra to consciousness. In the pale moonlight, Dykstra spotted an island formed by some rubbish that had got caught in some treetops. Fighting against the current and his pain, he swam toward it. Dora climbed onto the small pile of timbers (木材) and pulled her father, who was fighting for breath, from the rushing water onto the timbers. Now feeling frightened and panicked, Dora didn’t know how to rescue themselves.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Just then she was astonished to see a figure appear out of nowhere. _____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Suddenly a voice from somewhere on the distant hillside broke the darkness. ___________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【美文欣赏】
以下文章来自《英译中国现代散文选（一）》，翻译自梁实秋先生的《时间即生命》
Time Is Life
It is most startling to hear a watch or clock clicking away the seconds, each click indicating the shortening of one’s life by a little bit. Likewise, with each page torn off the wall calendar, one’s life is shortened by another day. Time, therefore, is life. Nevertheless, few people treasure their time as much as their life. Time must not be wasted if you want to do your bit in your remaining years or acquire some useful knowledge to improve yourself and help others, so that your life may turn out to be significant and fruitful. All that is foolproof, yet few people really strive to make the best use of their time.
Personally, I am also a fritterer. I don’t play mahjong. I seldom go to the theatre or cinema ― I go there maybe only once every few years. I seldom spend long hours watching TV ― usually I watch TV for no more than 30 minutes at a sitting. Nor do I go visiting and gossiping from door to door. Some people asked me, “Then what do you do with most of your time?” Introspecting with remorse, I found that apart from the time earmarked for my job and unavoidable social activities, most of my time had been wasted. I should have concentrated my energies on reading whatever books I have not yet read. I should have utilized all my time in writing anything I want to write. But I’ve failed to do so. Very much of my time has been frittered away aimlessly. As the saying goes, “One who does not work hard in youth will grieve in vain in old age.”
Take the translation of Shakespeare for example. I had initially planned to spend 20 years of my spare time in doing the translation, finishing two plays a year. But I spent 30 years instead, due primarily to my slothfulness. The whole project would probably have fallen through had it not been for my fairly long life. After that I had other plans for work, but, because of my approaching senility, somehow I failed to do what I had wished to. Had I spurred myself on in my youth, I would have done more and better work. Alas, it is too late to repent.
Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. But it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics. I did read carefully though, marking words and phrases for special attention with small circles and dots. But my efforts at self-study were off and on. Confucius says, “I shall be free of great faults if I can live long enough to begin the study of Yi at the age of 50.” I feel ashamed to admit that I haven’t even touched Yi though I’m now over 80. Chinese history books are equally important. When I was leaving China to study abroad, father bought a set of the Tong Wen lithographic edition of the First Four Books of History, and crammed them into my travelling box, taking up half of its space. Several years later, however, after drifting along abroad, I returned home carrying with me the same books all unread. It was not until 40 years later that I plucked up enough courage to read through Tong Jian. So many books still remain to be read, and I much regret not having enough time to do it.
Whatever you do, you need a sound body first of all. In my school days, in response to the so-called “compulsory physical exercises”, I went in for many sports at the expense of many pairs of sneakers and rackets, thus luckily building up a minimum of good physique. When I was approaching old age, I did tai ji quan (shadow boxing) for several years. Now I only do some walking exercises. Dear young friends, my advice to you is: Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career.
时间即生命
最令人怵目惊心的一件事，是看着钟表上的秒针一下一下的移动，每移动一下就是表示我们的寿命已经缩短了一部分。再看看墙上挂着的可以一张张撕下的日历，每天撕下一张就是表示我们的寿命又缩短了一天。因为时间即生命。没有人不爱惜他的生命，但很少人珍视他的时间。如果想在有生之年做一点什么事，学一点什么学问，充实自己，帮助别人，使生命成为有意义，不虚此生，那么就不可浪费光阴。这道理人人都懂，可是很少人真能积极不懈的善为利用他的时间。
我自己就是浪费了很多时间的一个人。我不打麻将，我不经常的听戏看电影，几年中难得一次，我不长时间看电视，通常只看半个小时，我也不串门子闲聊天。有人问我：“那么你大部分时间都做了些什么呢？”我痛自反省，我发现，除了职务上的必须及人情上所不能免的活动之外，我的时间大部分都浪费了。我应该集中精力，读我所未读过的书，我应该利用所有时间，写我所要写的东西。但是我没能这样做。我的好多的时间都糊里糊涂的混过去了，“少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。”
例如我翻译莎士比亚，本来计划于课余之暇每年翻译两部，二十年即可完成，但是我用了三十年，主要的原因是懒。翻译之所以完成，主要的是因为活得相当长久，十分惊险。翻译完成之后，虽然仍有工作计划，但体力渐衰，有力不从心之感。假使年轻的时候鞭策自己，如今当有较好或较多的表现。然而悔之晚矣。
再例如，作为一个中国人，经书不可不读。我年过三十才知道读书自修的重要。我披阅，我圈点，但是恒心不足，时作时辍。五十以学易，可以无大过矣，我如今年过八十，还没有接触过《易经》，说来惭愧。史书也很重要。我出国留学的时候，我父亲买了一套同文石印的前四史，塞满了我的行箧的一半空间，我在外国混了几年之后又把前四史原封带回来了。直到四十年后才鼓起勇气读了《通鉴》一遍。现在我要读的书太多，深感时间有限。
无论做什么事，健康的身体是基本条件。我在学校读书的时候，有所谓“强迫运动”，我踢破过几双球鞋，打断过几只球拍。因此侥幸维持下来最低限度的体力。老来打过几年太极拳，目前则以散步活动筋骨而已。寄语年轻朋友，千万要持之以恒的从事运动，这不是嬉戏，不是浪费时间。健康的身体是作人做事的真正的本钱。
梁实秋（1902–1987）为我国著名现代作家，翻译家，教育家，一生致力于英国文学研究。《时间即生命》一文选自他的散文集《雅舍小品》。

参考答案

【词汇积累】
一、词性转换
1. action  n. 行动
act  v. 做事，表演，演出
active  adj. 积极的，主动的
actor  n. 演员
activity  n. 活动
2. African  adj. 非洲的  n. 非洲人
Africa  n. 非洲
3. apologize  v. 道歉
apology  n. 道歉
4. angry  adj. 生气的，愤怒的
anger  n. 怒气，怒火  v. 使发怒
5. agreement  n. 同意
agree  v. 同意
6. anxiously  adv. 焦急地
anxious  adj. 焦虑，忧虑，担心
anxiety  n. 焦虑，忧虑
7. attend  v. 出席，专心
attention  n. 关心，注意
attentive  adj. 专心的
attentively  adv. 专心地
8. achieve  vt. 实现，取得，达到
achievement  n. 成绩，成就，完成
9. absence  n. 缺席，不在
absent  adj. 缺席
10. arrival  n. 到达，抵达
arrive  v. 到达，抵达
11. basic  adj. 基础的，根本的
base  v. 以……为基础  n. 基础，根基，基地
basically  adv. 大体上；基本上
12. bath  n. 洗澡，浴缸
bathe  v. 用水清洗（尤指身体部位）
13. beauty  n. 美丽，漂亮
beautiful  adj. 美丽的，漂亮的
beautifully  adv. 美丽地，漂亮地
14. breath  n. 呼吸的空气
breathe  v. 呼吸
15. believe  v. 相信
believable  adj. 可相信的
belief  n. 信心，相信，信仰
二、词组填空
(1) adapt to    (2) was accused of    (3) add up to    (4) agree with    (5) take advantage of
(6) is against    (7) are aimed at    (8) were just about to    (9) take action    (10) are addicted to
三、易混词辨析
1.forgettable  adj. （因平淡无奇）易被忘记的
forgetful  adj. 健忘的
2.considerate  adj. 体贴的，考虑周到的
considerable  adj. 相当多（或大、重要等）的
3.economic  adj. 经济的，经济上的
economical  adj. 省钱的
4.creation  n. 创造
creativity  n. 创造力
5.physician  n. 医师，（尤指）内科医生
physicist  n. 物理学家
6.comparable  adj. 类似的；可比较的
comparative  adj. 比较的，相比的
7.ashamed  adj. 惭愧，羞愧
shameful  adj. 可耻的，丢脸的
8.confident  adj. 自信的，有自信心的
confidential  adj. 机密的，秘密的
9.disability  n. （某种）缺陷，障碍
inability  n. 无能，无力，不能
10.objection  n. 反对，异议
objectivity  n. 客观性
11.worthless  adj. 没用的，无价值的
priceless  adj. 无价的，极珍贵的
12.valueless  adj. 没有价值的，不值钱的
invaluable  adj. 极宝贵的，极有用的
13.respectful  adj. 尊敬的，表示敬意的
respectable  adj. 值得尊敬的，体面的，得体的
14.impress  v. 使钦佩，给……留下深刻的好印象
impressive  adj. 令人赞叹的，令人敬佩的
15.term  n. 学期，术语，任期
terms  n. （交易、协议等的）条件，条款
【语法冲关】
一、非谓语动词
1. to be praised    2. to cut    3. making    4. To catch    5. to acquire
6. remaining    7. reading    8. to fly    9. being discussed    10. going
二、语法填空
（一）
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和校友一起参加演讲比赛的难忘经历。
1. in 考查介词。句意：上周，我们学校包括我在内的18名同学参加了我们市的演讲和辩论比赛。participate in意为“参加……”，为固定短语。故填in。
2. to perform 考查非谓语动词。句意：但一直以来，当我们没有比赛的时候，我们会去我们的队友等候的房间；当他们在舞台上时，我们只要有机会就用V字手势鼓励他们。“one’s turn to do sth”意为“轮到某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to perform。
3. places 考查名词复数。句意：最终，我们队赢得了两个第一名！根据空前的数量词two可知，此处用所给名词的复数形式。故填places。
4. which 考查定语从句。虽然我没有如我所希望的那样在颁奖典礼上获奖，但是我收获了友谊、学会了团队合作和相信自己。分析句子结构可知，该处引导一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词为a prize，应用关系代词which。故填which。
5. confidence 考查词性转换。句意：我的队友们一直给我信心和希望，而这是我以后永远不会忘记的东西。所填词作gave的直接宾语，用所给形容词的名词形式confidence，且它是不可数名词。故填confidence。
6. is 考查动词的时态。句意同上。分析句子成分可知，所填词作谓语；再根据空后“... that I will never forget later on.”可知，该句叙述的是作者写这篇文章时的心情，故用一般现在时，又因为主语是this，此处应用is。故填is。
7. was tied 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：说实话，在我要参加比赛的那天，我的心里有一个结。分析句子结构可知，所填词为从句中的谓语；再根据时间状语“on the day when I was going to compete”可知，此处用一般过去时，又因为tie与knot是被动关系，故此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was tied。
8. familiar 考查词性转换。句意：我一直在想，“你对这个团队的每个人都没有那么熟悉。他们会无视你吗？”分析句子成分可知，所填词在此处作表语，应用所给副词的形容词形式familiar。be familiar with ...意为“熟悉，了解……”。故填familiar。
9. a 考查冠词。句意：但在经历了这一切之后，我觉得我们是真正的一家人，并且对我自己有过这样一个不成熟的、愚蠢的想法感到可笑。family译为“家庭”时为可数名词，又因为该处是首次提到，并表示泛指，true以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。故填a。
10. having 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。for为介词，要用have的动名词形式作宾语。故填having。
（二）
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了孟姜女哭长城这一传说。
1. construction 考查词性转换。根据空前的the和空后的介词of可知，此处应用construct的名词形式。故填construction。
2. is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，所填词作谓语；本句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；且本句的主语是the story of Lady Meng Jiang，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
3. was forced 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子成分可知，所填词作谓语；根据上下文内容可知，本句应用一般过去时，且主语Lady Meng Jiang’s husband和force之间构成动宾关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was forced。
4. a 考查冠词。for a long time意为“长时间，长久”，是固定短语。故填a。
5. to look 考查非谓语动词。此处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to look。
6. finally 考查词性转换。此处修饰动词reached，应用final的副词形式。故填finally。
7. and 考查连词。此处用and连接两个表示并列关系的谓语。故填and。
8. bodies 考查名词复数。根据后面的her husband and many others和谓语动词were可知，此处应用body的复数形式。故填bodies。
9. by 考查介词。根据空后的V-ing形式和句意可知，此处应用介词by，表示方式。故填by。
10. built 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填词为非谓语；structure与build之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填built。
【阅读基础】
A
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四座建立在古代遗迹上的现代城市。
1. A 推理判断题。根据Luxor, Egypt部分第二句“During the 16–14 centuries B.C., this city was called Thebes.”可知，卢克索至今已经拥有3000多年的历史；根据Mexico City, Mexico部分第一句中的“The Nahua Aztec found Mexico City around 1325”可知，墨西哥有近700年的历史；根据Seoul, Korea部分第一句“Seoul is currently the largest city in South Korea, whose history goes back almost 2,000 years.”可知，首尔有近2000年的历史；根据Kyoto, Japan部分第二句中的“It is believed that Kyoto was founded around 794 A.D.”可知，京都有1000多年的历史。由此可推知，埃及的卢克索拥有最长的历史。故选A。
2. C 细节理解题。根据Seoul, Korea部分最后两句“the ancient city wall can still be found in its very center. Historians believe that the wall dated back ...”可知，韩国首尔有一堵古老的防御墙。故选C。
3. B 细节理解题。根据Kyoto, Japan部分最后一句中的“and became famous for its classical Buddhist temples, gardens and royal palaces”可知，人们可以在京都参观佛教寺院。故选B。
B
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候等待父亲下班回家，帮父亲洗梳子的温情时刻随着父亲换工作，常常加班而不复存在；作者大学毕业后，有一次帮早回家的父亲洗梳子，发现父亲已经老了，但脸上的微笑还是如以前一般温暖人心。
4. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was more than happy to do it.”及“Satisfied that I’d done a good job ...”可推知，作者对于早期有关父亲的回忆是感到高兴的（cheerful）。moved“感动的”；challenging“富有挑战性的”；tired“疲惫的”。故选B。
5. C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job? Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble?”可推知，父亲并不是因为失业或者成就感而去创业；再根据第四段中的“Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky.”可推知，父亲并不是为了保护自己的生活免于动荡去创业的；C选项“他想为家人赢得更好的生活”是可能性最大的选项。故选C。
6. D 推理判断题。纵览全文可知，文中并没有提到父亲与同事的关系及父亲在工作中的表现；再根据最后一段中的“his smile was still as heartwarming as before”可知，父亲对作者并不严厉。故选D。
7. C 目的意图题。根据全文，尤其是最后两段可知，作者大学毕业，参加了工作后，再一次帮助父亲洗梳子时，发现父亲换了新梳子，人也苍老了许多，理解了父亲为家庭的付出。故C选项“她对父亲为家庭做的事心怀感激”是作者分享她与父亲之间故事的目的。故选C。
完形填空
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Timothy的经理和同事一起想办法，成功帮助Timothy参加毕业典礼的事。
1. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Timothy渴望在高中正式毕业前赚点钱，所以他找到了一份工作。A. eager渴望的；B. able能够的；C. content满意的；D. sure确信的。由下文“to make some money before officially graduating from high school”可知，Timothy渴望在高中正式毕业前赚点钱，be eager to do“渴望做……”。故选A。
2. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. offered提供；B. took接受；C. selected挑选；D. abandoned放弃。由下文“Timothy asked his manager Cedric for the day off.”可知，Timothy找了一份工作，take a job“得到一份工作；接到一份工作”。故选B。
3. A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在毕业那天，当Timothy出现在公司值班时，这让Cedric很困惑。A. Yet然而；B. Besides此外；C. Instead代替；D. Also也。由上文“About a week before his graduation ceremony, Timothy asked his manager Cedric for the day off.”和下文“on graduation day, Cedric was _____ when Timothy showed up for his shift anyway”可知，Timothy在大约一星期前和经理说要在毕业那天请假，但是在毕业典礼那一天却来上班，上下文是转折关系。故选A。
4. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. excited兴奋的；B. confused困惑的；C. angry生气的；D. nervous紧张的。根据文章内容可知，大约一周前Timothy已经请假要参加毕业典礼，可在毕业典礼那一天他却又来公司上班，所以经理感到很困惑。故选B。
5. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Timothy解释说，他无法搭车穿过镇子。A. claimed声称；B. insisted坚持认为；C. realized实现；D. explained解释。由下文“that he couldn’t get a _____ across town”可知，Timothy在解释他为什么没去参加毕业典礼。故选D。
6. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. tour旅行；B. ride免费搭车；C. map地图；D. view风景。根据文章内容可推知，Timothy搭不到免费的车穿过镇子，所以没去参加毕业典礼，get a ride“搭车”。故选B。
7. C 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Cedric和其他员工很快制定了计划，无论如何都要让Timothy参加毕业典礼！A. casually随便地；B. wildly紊乱地；C. quickly快速地；D. cautiously谨慎地。由下文“formed a plan to get Timothy to his graduation no matter what!”可知，为了让Timothy参加毕业典礼，他们很快制定出一个计划。故选C。
8. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：工作人员列了一张清单，列出了要把Timothy送到那里需要做的事情，然后把这些事情分工。A. community社区；B. family家庭；C. class班级；D. staff全体员工。由上文“Cedric and the other employees”可知，员工们要帮助Timothy参加毕业典礼。故选D。
9. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们一收集到所需要的东西，每个人就都去轮流帮助Timothy，直到他觉得自己像灰姑娘去舞会一样！A. estimated估计；B. discovered发现；C. gathered聚集，收集；D. assigned分派。由上文可知，员工们开始收集所需要的东西。故选C。
10. B 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. putting off推迟；B. heading for前往；C. returning from从……回来；D. arriving at到达。由上下文可知，员工们帮助Timothy去毕业典礼，他感觉自己就像灰姑娘去参加舞会一样。故选B。
11. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名叫Shantana的员工开车送Timothy去毕业典礼现场，一直耐心地等在外面，直到他拍完照片并和朋友们庆祝完。A. showed展示；B. invited邀请；C. introduced介绍；D. drove开车。由上文可知，Timothy搭不到车去参加学校的毕业典礼，所以此处指Shantana开车载他去学校。故选D。
12. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. standing站立；B. wandering漫游；C. queuing排队；D. waiting等待。由下文“outside the whole time until he finished taking pictures and celebrating with his friends”可知，Shantana在学校外耐心等待Timothy参加毕业典礼。故选D。
13. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cedric说他们很乐意帮助Timothy，因为他是个好孩子——而且这么做是对的！A. help帮助；B. greet打招呼；C. comfort安慰；D. please使开心。根据上文可推知，此处指Cedric说他们很乐意帮助Timothy。故选A。
14. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们美妙的表示甚至鼓舞了劳森州立社区学院，如果Timothy想在高中毕业后继续接受教育的话，学校可以免费提供学费和书籍！A. ceremony仪式，典礼；B. vision视力；C. gesture表示；D. culture文化。由下文“even inspired Lawson State Community College to offer Timothy free tuition and books if he wants to continue his education beyond high school”可知，员工们帮助Timothy参加毕业典礼，这种表示鼓舞了劳森州立社区学院。故选C。
15. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：善意确实对这个年轻人的一生产生了难忘的影响。A. impact影响；B. comment评论；C. concept概念；D. record记录。根据文章内容可知，善意对Timothy的一生产生了难忘的影响，make an impact是固定搭配，意为“对……产生影响”。故选A。
【阅读提升】
C
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了创造力有助于改善健康的几个方面。
1. D 推理判断题。根据第二段“it’s the state you get in when you’re completely absorbed in something.”及“completely lost all sense of self and time”可推知，D选项“你完全沉浸于你感兴趣的工作中”表示你处于心流状态。故选D。
2. D 词义猜测题。根据第二段“a natural anti-depressant that actually helps motivate you”可知，“dopamine”是帮助神经系统发挥功能的一种物质。故选D。
3. B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“people who write about their experiences daily actually have stronger immune system function”及“Writing, a creative work, increases your CD4+ lymphocyte count, the key to your immune system.”可推知，B选项“创造性的活动帮助你构建更强大的免疫系统”正确。故选B。
4. C 推理判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了创造力有助于改善健康的几个方面，C选项“关于健康的杂志”最可能是本文的来源。故选C。
D
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了嫦娥五号月球探测器最近从月球带回来的岩石样本填补了月球表面岩石年龄测定的关键空白。
5. A 推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段内容可推知，第一段简要介绍了整篇文章的内容。故选A。
6. B 细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是第二句“Jolliff is a U.S.-based co-author of an analysis of the new moon rocks led by the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, published Oct. 7 in the journal Science.”可知，新的月球岩石年龄的测定结果已经公布于众了。故选B。
7. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，行星科学家们意识到星球表面的陨石坑越多，它就越古老；陨石坑越少，地表越年轻。但要想确定它明确的年龄，就必须要有这些星球表面的样本。由此可推知，科学家们是通过研究从月球表面带回来的样本来确定月球表面的准确年龄的。故选D。
8. A 标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了嫦娥五号月球探测器最近从月球带回来的岩石样本填补了月球表面岩石年龄测定的关键空白。因此，A项“嫦娥五号样本揭示月球岩石的关键年龄”为本文的最佳标题。故选A。
七选五
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们常常因观看视频等媒体而中断工作这一现象，并分析了产生这种现象的原因以及对此提出了解决方法。
1. B 根据第一段第一句“Picture this: you’ve just settled into your workday and pulled up that big report you need to finish, when a friend sends you a couple of celebrity videos on WeChat.（想象一下这样的场景：你刚刚进入工作状态，拿出要完成的重要报告，这时一个朋友在微信上给你发了几段明星视频。）”以及空处后面的句子“And then the next thing you know, an hour has gone by while that big report sits, ignored, on your desk. So how does that happen?（然后你知道的下一件事是，一个小时过去了，那份重要的报告依然被搁置在你的桌子上，置之不理。这是怎么发生的呢？）”可知，B选项“你觉得你只需要几分钟就能看完”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
2. E 根据第二段第一句“To understand this, we conducted a series of studies with 6,445 people.（为了理解这一点，我们对6445人进行了一系列研究。）”以及第二段第三句“But what drives this effect?（但是什么导致了这种结果呢？）”可知，上文设问是什么导致了这种结果，由此可推知该空旨在说明这一问题的答案。因此E选项“研究表明存在增加相似媒体内容可见性的因素”符合语境，且E选项中的“accessibility”呼应下文“When something feels more accessible, it becomes easier to process, leading us to enjoy it more.（当某些东西感觉更容易见到时，它就会变得更容易处理，导致我们更喜爱它。）”中的“accessible”。故选E。
3. D 根据第三段最后两句“They offer bite-sized content that makes it easy to quickly consume several videos in a row. They often automatically suggest similar content, and many of them even automatically start playing similar videos, reducing the potential for interruptions.（他们提供时长较短的内容，使快速地连续观看几个视频很容易。它们通常会自动推荐类似的内容，其中许多甚至会自动播放类似的视频，从而减少了被打断的可能性。）”可知，D选项“这些平台旨在把观众困在社交媒体的兔子洞里”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选D。
4. F 根据倒数第二段空处后面的内容“To fight the pull, make an effort to just watch one video. If you really want to watch multiple in a row, choose videos that seem unrelated. You can also use a social media timer that urges you to take a break after a certain amount of time, or even just consciously remind yourself to consume different kinds of content.（为了对抗这种吸引力，要努力只看一个视频。如果你真的想连续看多个视频，那就选择一些看起来不相关的视频。你也可以使用社交媒体计时器，敦促你在一定的时间后休息一下，或甚至只是有意识地提醒自己阅读不同类型的内容。）”可知，该段主要介绍对抗社交媒体吸引力的几种方法，空处应为一个转折句，将本段内容与前文区分开来，因此F选项“好消息是，更好地理解这个问题能帮助我们利用手段摆脱这种吸引力”符合语境。故选F。
5. A 根据最后一段第一句“So, if you’re struggling to climb out of a rabbit hole, try to find ways to reduce the similarity, repetitiveness, and relatedness of the content you’re consuming.（所以，如果你正挣扎着从兔子洞里爬出来，试着找到减少你所观看内容的相似性、重复性和相关性的方法。）”以及最后一句“Once you manage to break free, you’ll be back at that big report in no time.（一旦你设法挣脱，你立刻就会回去完成那份重要的报告。）”可知，空处旨在说明上文提到的方法虽然困难，但也不是完全不可能。因此A选项“这可能很难，但也不是不可能”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
【写作训练】
一、应用文
参考范文：
Dear Bruce,
Knowing that you’re interested in spaceflight, I’m so excited to tell you the news that our school will invite Professor Li from Peking University to give us a lecture on China Spaceflight.
He will talk about the background and the development of China Spaceflight as well as its achievements. Besides, taikonauts and something about the series of Shenzhou Spaceships will also be introduced. The lecture will be held on Saturday this week, and it will begin at 7:00 p.m. in the lecture hall of our school.
I really hope you can come to the lecture. Look forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
二、读后续写
参考范文：
Paragraph 1:
Just then she was astonished to see a figure appear out of nowhere. It was Dora’s uncle who was a big man with bright eyes. Seeing that Dora and her father were in critical condition, he quickly extended a helping hand. He helped Dora move her father to a high place. As Dora’s father was dying at the moment, Dora’s uncle immediately took first-aid measures, and then he wrapped his father’s injured leg with a simple bandage. The question now was how to send Dora’s father to hospital for further treatment as soon as possible.
Paragraph 2:
Suddenly a voice from somewhere on the distant hillside broke the darkness. “Hold on, we’re coming to save you,” someone shouted in the distance. It turned out that the rescue team called by Dora’s uncle was coming towards them. When they arrived, they transported them to a safe place and sent Dora’s father to hospital in time. Dora was grateful. “What an unforgettable day! Thanks to my uncle and the rescue team, we were saved,” whispered Dora.