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新课2 WELCOME UNIT（语法写作预习） 1.语法：句子成分和基本句型 2.Writing：个人简介 语法精讲：句子成分和基本句型 一．句子成分: 主语subject 谓语verb 表语predicative宾语object 宾语补足语object complement 状语adverbial 定语attributive同位语appositive
句子成分 | 意义 | 位置 | 例句 | | 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，主语是谓语讲述的对象. | | 1.The room is very clean. （名词） 2.Weoften speak English . （代词） 3. Eight is my lucky number. （数词） 4 To teach them English is my job.（动词不定式） 5 Swimming is good for our health. (动名词） 6.What we need is food. （句子） 7.The poor are everywhere . (the +形容词) | | 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态；谓语必须是动词，体现时态和语态 | | 谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语： a.情态动词+v:He can speak English. b.助动词：He doesn't like speaking Chinese. c. 系动词：I am seeing the film . | | | | 1. I am a teacher. （名词） 2.I am ten. （数词） 3. He became rich and successful. （形容词） 4. Everyone is here. （副词） 5. They are at home now. (介词短语） 6. My job is to teach them English. （不定式） | | | | 1 He is sitting on the piano. （名词） 2 He often helps me. （代词） 3 He likes to watch TV. (动词不定式） 4. He likes watching TV. （动词ing) | | | | 1 We called him Dong Ming. （名词）
2 We saw him playing soccer. （现在分词） 3 We saw him play soccer. (省to不定式)
4 We found math difficult. （形容词） | | | | 1. Tom runs quickly. (副词） 2. I get up at six every day. （名词）3. In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. (介词短语）4. Having to finish it, the boy needs a pen.（分词） 5. The boy needs a pen to do his homework(不定式) | | | | 1.These are apple trees. (名词) 2.The men here are busy working on the farm.(副词) 3.There is nothing to do today. (不定式) 4.The smiling boy needs a pen-bought by his mother.(现在分词,过去分词短语) | | 若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且句法功能也一样,那么后一项代词称为前一项的同位语 | | 1.We students should study hard. 2.Professor Wang, a famous scientist, will give us a talk.
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二、简单句的基本句型结构 简单句：只存在一个主谓关系的句子，即一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。 八大基本句型： A.主语 + 谓语（SV） All of us laughed! B.主语 + 谓语+ 宾语（SVO） I miss my grandma. C.主语 + 系动词 + 表语（SP） The teacher was kind and friendly. D.主语 + 谓语+ 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（SVIODO）He told us a funny story. E.主语 +谓语+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语（SVOC） I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. F. 主语 + 谓语+ 状语（SVA） He talked too much. G.主语 + 谓语+ 宾语 + 状语（SVOA） I had my first maths class at senior high school. H. There be 句型 There’s a lot to explore at senior high.
1) A.主 + 谓（SV） 这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有直接宾语；但常带有状语。 例如：The water is boiling . 水开了。 They have been waiting . 他们一直在那儿等。 The train will leave. 火车就要开了。 2) B.主 + 谓+ 宾（SVO） 这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，那么它必须带有自己的宾语。在英文中，当一个动词（包括单个动词和动词短语）作及物动词用时，它必须要有自己的宾语（除非是宾语在上下文里很明确地提到过，为避免不必要的重复，才会省去。），否则会视为"句子不完整"。 Tom has a brother. 汤姆有一个弟弟。 They wanted to have a rest. 他们想歇息一会儿。 He successfully carried out his plan . 他成功地实行了他的计划。 3)C.主 + 系 + 表(SP) 英文中的系动词主要是指Be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。这类动词常见的有：常见的系动词： 1. 表状态：be,keep, remain, stay(保持) 2. 表感官:look, feel, sound, smell, taste（~起来） 3. 表变化:become, go, grow, turn, fall, get（变成） 4. 表似乎:seem, appear（相似、显得） 5.表结果;prove(证明是), turn out(结果是) 例如：This machine is in good condition. 这台机器的情况良好。 The garden smells pleasant. 这座花园香气怡人。 Silk feels soft and smooth. 丝绸摸起来又软又滑。 4) D.主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（SV IO DO） 此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语："间接宾语"多由代词或名词充当；"直接宾语"，往往由名词充当。这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。常见的这类谓语动词有：buy, bring, get, give , pass, read, tell, take, teach, write, award (授予某人……), hand(递给某人……), lend, leave, pay , rent, recommend(将某人推荐给……) , send, show等。例如： （注：上面各词的中文释义是刻意按照该词的常用动词句型而给的，以便于大家更好地理解该词出现于哪个基本句型中。） He brought me a coat. 他给我带来一件大衣。 Pass me the dictionary, please. 请将词典递给我。 I lend him my bicycle. 我把自行车借给他了。 5) E.主 + 谓+ 宾 + 宾补（SVOC） 此句型概括了这样一种情况：有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾语 + 宾语补足语）。在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语"做什么"、"怎么样"等方面进行补充说明。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有： ask, allow ,appoint(任命) , believe , call , cause , catch , consider , elect(选举) , expect , feel , find , get, have , hear , imagine , keep , know, let, listen to , look at,make, notice , see, smell , start , watch, tell , think , want, wish等等。例如： We elected him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。 The news made me happy. 那消息使我很高兴。 We know him to be an expert. 我们知道他是专家。 He heard somebody opening the door . 他听见有人在开门。 I found myself in dark. 我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。 6) 主语 + 谓语 + 状语（SVA） 英语中的主语：一般位于句首 是句子陈述的对象谓语：动词做谓语状语：一般副词做状语,表示时间,地点,原因,方式.等的也是状语主谓状 1.He runs fast其中 he是主语 run是谓语动词 fast 副词做状语 2. He gets up early in the morning. He是主语 get up 动词短语作谓语 early in the morning作状语。 The boy spoke loudly to his teacher. He spoke in a low voice. He talked too much. She went home very late yesterday evening. The meeting will last two hours. 7)主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语（SVOA） I forgot to mail the letter yesterday. （时间状语） Unfortunately, I forgot to mail the letter yesterday. （时间状语） I had my first maths class in senior high school.（地点状语） 8) there be句型 There be 句型是英语中常用句型， 意思是"有"，表示"人或事物的存在"或"某地有某物"。There在此结构中是引导词，已经没有副词"那里"的含义 There be 句型中的be 应和其后出现的主语在数上一致，即“近主原则”，如： There is a lamp on the table. There are some apples in the bowl. There are five books, two pens and a ruler in the school bag. There is a ruler, two pens and five books in the school bag. 一 一．Ｓ(subject) +V(verb)（主＋谓）练习 划出下列句子中的主语和谓语动词。 1. Time flies. 2. The moon rose. 2. The man cooked. 4. We all eat, and drink. 5. Everybody laughed. 6. I woke. 二．Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）练习 标注以下句子的主谓宾分别是什么？ 1.Who knows the answer? 2.She laughs at her. 3. He understands English. 4.He made cakes. 5.They ate some apples. 6. Danny likes dogs. b) 划出下列句子的宾语 1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They haven’t decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 6. Mother promises to give me a present. 三．Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）练习 划出下列句子主系表结构： 1. This is an English dictionary. 2. This is an English dictionary. 3. Everything looks different. 4. The weather becomes cooler. 四．Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）练习 翻译下列句子，并划分句子结构。 1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4．他把车票给列车员看。 五．Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）练习 翻译句子。 1．我们叫她Alice. 2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3．他们把小偷释放了。 4．我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 六．Ｓ +Ｖ+ A(主 + 谓+ 状)练习 划出下列句子的主谓状结构 1. She went home very late yesterday evening. 2. The meeting will last two hours. 二．写出下列句子的句型结构 ① S+V ②S+V+O ③S+V+P ④S+V+P+A ⑤S+V+IO+DO ⑥S+V+O+OC ⑦S+V+A ⑧S+V+O+A ⑨ There be... 1 . James is an exchange student . 2 . You should register before Friday . 3 The traffic light is flashing. 4 . His words gave me more confidence. 5 . I found her an outgoing and kind girl. | 6 . The boy was reading a story in a loud voice 7 . The designer designed a beautiful dress. 8 . There is a registration desk in the hall. 9 . The new student looks anxious and frightened. 10 . Planting trees is important especially in mountainous areas. |
一．完成句子 你可以从那些书中选一本最好的。（主语+谓语+宾语+状语） You __________________________________________ from those books. 想象力比知识更重要。（主语+系动词+表语+状语） Imagination _____________________________________ than knowledge. 我给侄女买了一台新电脑。（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语） I___________________________________________. 挑战使生活变得有趣。（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语） Challenges ____________________________________________. 2008年在汶川发生了大地震。（主语+谓语+状语） A great earthquake ____________________________________________. 附近有一家电脑维修店。（There be 句型） _________________________________________________ nearby. 二．写出下列句子的基本句型 S:主语 V:谓语 O:宾语 P:表语 A:状语 IO:间接宾语 DO:直接宾语 C:补足语 |
1.Well, they wanted to do something useful. 2.This development did not take place overnight. 3.There is no need for you to be annoyed with such a little boy. 4.I was the queen of the playground. 5.Don had somehow made the vehicle move. 6.It gives us a great feeling of peace. 7.The students are sleeping. 8.My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 三．1.在这场演讲比赛中,这个小男孩似乎很自信。 The little boy in the speech contest.(SP) 2.她正期待着她的生日礼物。 She her birthday present.(SVO) 3.当我看见他时,我发现他正在听讲座。(attend) When I saw him, I .(SVOC) 4.他总是在课堂上聚精会神地记笔记。 He is always in class.(SVOA) 5.他的音乐梦想已经实现了。 His music dream has .(SV) 6.三年前,有一个机构被建立以帮助穷人。 set up to help the poor people three years ago.(There be...) 7.交通信号灯在我前面闪烁。 The traffic lights me.(SVA) 8.他把伞递给我,回到车里,把车窗摇了上去。 He ,went back into the car,and rolled up the window.(S V IO DO)(读后续写—动作描写) 写作精讲 个人简介 写作积累 | | 1.enjoy outdoor activities喜欢户外运动 2.be fond of reading喜欢看书 3.enjoy communicating/talking with others喜欢与他人交流 4.show/have a great interest in traveling对旅游很感兴趣 5.be crazy about playing basketball热衷于打篮球 | | 1.be friendly to sb.对某人友好 2.be confident of对……有把握 3.be curious about对……好奇 4.be ready to help others乐于助人 5.be eager to make friends with others渴望与他人交朋友 | | 1.work hard at...努力学习…… 2.be good at.../do well in...擅长…… 3.make progress in...在……方面取得进步 4.improve oneself in...在……方面提升自我 5.be active in class在课堂上积极 6.take an active part in...积极参与…… 7.get on well with sb.与某人和睦相处 | | 1.work as a volunteer做志愿者 2.dream of becoming a writer梦想成为作家 3.share my thoughts about the world分享我对世界的看法 |
写作题目 假设你是李华,你校英语辩论社招收成员, 你想申请加入。请你用英语写一封邮件,内容包括: 1.个人简介(性格、特长等); 2.表达期望。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Sir or Madam,
Yours, Li Hua 思路点拨 | | | | | 第一段:开门见山,表明自己要申请加入英语辩论社; 第二段:个人简介(性格、特长等); 第三段:表达期望。 | | | | |
遣词造句 Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空 1. adj.外向的 2. n.性格 3. v.交流;交换 4. n.讲座 5. v.改进;改善 6. adj.自信的;有把握的 7. 初中 8. 高中 9. 盼望 Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用 1.完成句子 第二段:个人简介(性格、特长等) (1)我是一个性格外向的人。 I am a person with . (2)我最喜欢的事是与他人交流。 is communicating with others. (3)每周末我都忙于参加辩论。 I debate every weekend. (4)我们可以通过辩论交流思想、分享看法。 We can and share thoughts through debating. (5)我也在网上参加了一些关于辩论的讲座。 I also about debate online. (6)我想提升我的技能。 I want to . 第三段:表达期望 (7)我期待加入这个社团。 I am the club. 2.句式升级 (8)将句(1)和句(2)改写为一个含有with短语作状语的简单句 (9)将句(3)和句(4)合并为一个含有原因状语从句的主从复合句 (10)将句(5)和句(6)合并为一个含有不定式作目的状语的简单句 连句成篇
一 假定你是李华,你的英语老师Peter想要你写一份自我介绍。请你根据下列提示,用英语写一份个人简介。 1.个人基本信息(年龄、外貌、身份、性格、学习方法、最喜爱的科目等); 2.你的梦想。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
二 假定你是李华。下学期你将作为交换生(exchange student)去加拿大一所高中学习，住在Lynn家里。请给Lynn写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．介绍自己； 2．告知到达时间； 3．询问应做何准备。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Lynn,
Yours sincerely， Li Hua 三 假定你是高一(1)班学生李华,在新的学校学习已一个月有余,请根据下列提示,用英语给你的朋友Jane写一封电子邮件,谈一谈你的高中生活。 1.介绍你的学校和班级;2.介绍你的作息时间;3.介绍你的同学;4.介绍你最喜欢的老师(请将你最喜欢的老师化名为Ms. Li)。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
一.阅读理解 You may not know a lot of people when you start senior high school. Even if you know some freshmen(一年级新生), you still feel nervous and anxious that you don't know any upperclassmen or teachers. How are you going to make friends among this sea of unknown faces? Most high schools hold the freshman orientation meeting before school actually starts, which is helpful not only because you can know your way around the building, but also because you get to meet some of your teachers and fellow freshmen. That way, when you show up on your first day of school, you may already recognize a few familiar faces on campus. When you talk to your new classmates, you'll probably find that a lot of them are feeling just like you are. They're all new to the school and don't know what to look forward to. Talking about a common worry with them can help you develop friendships. The work in high school is something that freshmen are possibly worried about. The work in high school builds on what you learnt in middle school, giving you a more advanced knowledge of many subjects. So you may find you have more work to do or that it's a bit more challenging. If you ever find your work too difficult, teachers can give you extra help. High school also has more after⁃school activities than middle school such as clubs, music and theatre groups and sports teams. This is a good time to explore your interests and try new things. High school gives you the chance to learn how to manage your time, how to develop and improve your social skills and interests, and more importantly how to be more independent, confident and responsible. 1.What does the underlined word “orientation” mean in Paragraph 2? A.Game. B.Discussion. C.Training. D.Examination. 2.What are freshmen probably worried about? A.The learning task. B.The ability to make friends. C.The friendship with teachers. D.The freshman orientation meeting. 3.What do after⁃school activities mainly help students do? A.Build up healthy bodies. B.Develop their interests. C.Develop friendships. D.Improve their learning ability. 4.Who is the passage written for? A.Freshmen at high school. B.Freshmen's parents. C.Middle school students. D.Upperclassmen in high school. 二.七选五 Going from junior high school to the freshman year of senior high school is a big challenge. What if you meet with difficulties. 1 Be open to new friendships. Senior high school is all about experiencing new things, including new friendships. Getting to know people you haven't met before is a great way to broaden your horizons. 2 Simply sitting with a new person at lunch can be a good way to get it started. 3 For most people, going off to senior high school means heading off to a new campus. If you worry about the unknown, reach the school and see if someone can help. They might be able to show you around the campus, which will make you a bit more comfortable as you go on with your freshman year. Get organised. Senior high school and junior high school are very different in studying. 4 You can buy a planner and spend a few minutes each night revising the notes you took in class that day. Being on top of your study will make it much easier to get used to senior high school. Create a three⁃year plan. While there's no need to plan every day for the next three years, it can't hurt to make a note of classes you want to take or activities you'd like to try. 5 Having a plan in place will help you make the most of your senior high school experience. A.Explore the campus. B.Be open to new experiences. C.If you're nervous or frightened, start small. D.Believe it or not, the three years goes by really fast. E.Challenges like these might sometimes put you under great pressure. F.Try to get as organised as possible so you can be on top of your study. G.Here are some ways to help you deal with bad feelings and prepare for the first year. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 三.完形填空 Each school year, we welcome a new generation of students. Freshmen enter senior high school not 1 what to expect. They will soon learn that classes are harder, bathrooms are busier and grades seem to 2 more than in junior high school. But freshman Adam Lin finds high school more 3 than middle school. “The 4 are more flexible about what to do in class. The administration(管理) is not as 5 as that in middle school and we can decide what to wear,” said Lin. While Lin enjoys his freedom and flexible teachers, he 6 talking to his friends in P.E. class. “In high school, P.E. is an elective(选修课)and no longer a(n) 7 course. I miss hanging about with my friends in P.E. class 8 that was the time when I could relax,” stated Lin. “My classes can be hard sometimes and I wish I had more 9 time with my friends.” Lin entered the school losing a sense of 10 . The campus is bigger than he expected and the class is usually in the opposite direction of his previous class. “ 11 are too far away from classrooms. If I'm walking across the campus to my next class and I decide to use the bathroom, I will end up being 12 ,” said Lin. “I love the classes here, but it'll take me some time to find my way around the 13 .” Coming into high school, freshmen carry many goals that they hope to 14 . At the end of high school, Lin hopes to graduate with excellent grades and 15 a university like Massachusetts Institute of Technology because of his love of engineering. 1.A.planning B.knowing C.forgetting D.understanding 2.A.matter B.drop C.test D.show 3.A.valuable B.difficult C.enjoyable D.tiring 4.A.teachers B.students C.seniors D.juniors 5.A.common B.good C.simple D.strict 6.A.misses B.loves C.regrets D.remembers 7.A.special B.required C.popular D.organized 8.A.so B.if C.but D.because 9.A.warm B.free C.busy D.local 10.A.control B.humor C.direction D.confidence 11.A.Labs B.Shops C.Bathrooms D.Restaurants 12.A.late B.afraid C.hurt D.lost 13.A.playground B.classroom C.building D.campus 14.A.open B.solve C.achieve D.collect 15.A.tour B.attend C.change D.choose
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