【写作提升】3500词里那些精妙又漂亮的写作小词

【写作提升】3500词里那些精妙又漂亮的写作小词 1

【知词义】
blind
1. adj. not able to see 瞎的；失明的
~ (to sth) not noticing or realizing sth （对某事）视而不见的，未察觉的
[usually before noun] (of strong feelings强烈的感觉) seeming to be unreasonable, and
accepted without question; seeming to be out of control 盲目接受的；不能自制的
2. v. ~ sb to permanently destroy sb’s ability to see 使变瞎；使失明
~ sb/sth to make it difficult for sb to see for a short time 使眼花；使目眩
~ sb (to sth) to make sb no longer able to think clearly or behave in a sensible way 使思维
混沌；使失去判断力
3. n. a covering for a window, especially one made of a roll of cloth that is fixed at the top of the window and can be pulled up and down 窗帘；（尤指）卷帘
【晓变化】
blindly  adv. 看不见地；摸黑地；未注意地；无视一切地；盲目地
blindness  n. 失明；盲目
【记搭配】
turn a blind eye to  对……视而不见
be blind to sth.  对……视而不见，未注意到……，未察觉……
【仿佳句】
It was a moment of blind panic.
当时一阵莫名的惊慌。
The nation’s cultural relics chief is opposed to the blind reconstruction of old city towns.
国家文物局局长反对盲目改造旧城。
We mustn’t let our prejudices blind us to the facts of the situation.
我们一定不能让偏见蒙蔽自己而看不清实际形势。
He is blind to his own mistakes.
他对自己的错误视而不见。
The thick fog blinds us.
大雾使我们看不见。
He wanted to decide for himself instead of blindly following his parents’ advice.
他想自己拿主意，而不是盲目听从他父母的意见。
【巧应用】
1. 教育
我们一定不能让对考试分数的追求蒙蔽了孩子对这个世界的好奇心。
We must not let the pursuit of test scores __________________ about the world.
2. 科技
虚拟世界让我们变成了“低头族”，使我们看不到丰富多彩的世界。
The virtual world has turned us into “phubbers”, _____________________________.
3. 环境
这些破坏环境的行为虽然很可能在短时间内不会造成伤害，但正是因为这个原因，我们遭到了蒙蔽，以至于后来陷入深深的懊悔。
Although these environmentally damaging practices are unlikely to cause harm in a short period of time, it is for this reason that _________________ and eventually fall into deep remorse.
4. 传统文化
随着科技的发展，我们开始觉得自己无所不能，但这种想法会使我们蒙蔽自己，使得我们不重视历史经验。
As technology develops, we begin to feel that we are capable of anything, ________________
___________________ and make us unwilling to attach importance to historical experience.
5. 青少年犯罪
很多年轻人受一些暴力电影的蒙蔽，以为暴力就是酷的。
_____________________________________________, thinking that violence is cool.
6. 健康
很多人受一些错误观念的蒙蔽，认为健康的根本在于吃药，而不是有规律的饮食习惯和适量的运动。
______________________ by some misconceptions, believing that their health relies on taking medicine, rather than regular eating habits and moderate exercise.
7. 合作
我们有时候会被激烈的竞争蒙蔽双眼，变得眼光短浅，但其实合作与竞争是可以共存的。
Sometimes ___________________________ and become short-sighted, but in fact, cooperation and competition can coexist.
8. 成功
当一个人突然取得巨大的成功时，他往往会被蒙蔽，意识不到眼前的风险。
When a person suddenly achieves great success, __________________, not seeing the risks ahead.

【答案】
1. blind children’s curiosity    2. blinding us to this colorful world
3. we are blinded    4. but this kind of thinking will blind us
5. Many young people are blinded by some violent movies
6. Many people are blinded    7. we are blinded by intense competition
8. he is often blinded
声明：文本整理自英文悦读，仅供学习参考，如有侵权请联系删除。

2
【知词义】
demand
1. n.  ~ (for sth/that ...) a very firm request for sth; sth that sb needs （坚决的）要求；所需之物
~ (of sth) | ~ (on sb) things that sb/sth makes you do, especially things that are difficult,
make you tired, worried, etc. （尤指困难、使人劳累、令人担忧等的）要求
~ (for sth/sb) the desire or need of customers for goods or services which they want to buy
or use （顾客的）需求，需要
2. v. to ask for sth very firmly 强烈要求
to require (something) 需要
【晓变化】
demanding  adj. 要求高的；耗时的；费力的；苛求的；苛刻的；难以满足的
【记搭配】
in demand  大量需求
on demand  一经要求；需要时
popular demand  大众要求；普遍要求
meet the demand  满足需要；满足要求
【仿佳句】
We are seeing an increased demand for hospital beds.
我们发现，医院床位的需求量在不断增加。
Tickets for her concerts are always in great demand.
她的演唱会门票总是需求量极大。
Help is available 24 hours a day on demand.
全天24小时及时提供援助。
The circus will be back by popular demand later this summer.
应广大观众要求，马戏团将在今年夏末回来演出。
The math exam is so difficult—it demands a lot of concentration.
这个数学考试很困难——需要大量的专注力。
I demand to see the chef. There’s a fly in my soup.
我要求见主厨。我的汤里有一只苍蝇。
The librarian demanded that everyone (should) keep quiet.
图书馆员要求每个人保持安静。

【巧应用】
1. 教育
你不能总是屈从于孩子们的要求。最好是让他们通过做一些家务来获得他们想要的东西。
You can’t ______________________________. It is better to let them earn what they want by doing some household chores.
2. 科技
取得科学突破需要很大的耐心、努力和牺牲。
Making scientific breakthroughs would ________________________________.
3. 环境
保护环境要求所有国家积极合作，严格遵守碳排放制度并彼此监督。
Protecting the environment ______________________________________, and they should abide by the carbon credit system while supervising each other.
4. 传统文化
跟很多人想象地不一样的是，传统文化元素比如服装、乐曲在年轻人中间非常受欢迎。
Contrary to public belief, traditional cultural elements such as clothing and music ___________
___________________________.
5. 青少年犯罪
随着犯罪率的逐渐上升，对警察的要求也变得越来越高。
As the crime rate rises, _____________________________________________.
6. 健康
清洁牙齿并不难，但坚持是最难的。好的口腔健康需要持之以恒的努力，如果做不到这一点，你的牙齿就会越来越差。
Cleaning your teeth is not that difficult, but sticking to it is the most difficult part. Good dental hygiene ________________________, and failing to keep your mouth clean will make you suffer from poor oral health.
7. 合作
高效的团队合作要求每个团队成员尽可能多地分享他们的想法，并尽最大努力实现共同的目标。
Efficient teamwork ____________________________________________________ and do their best to achieve the common goal.
8. 成功
如果你总是能以别人难以想象的高标准来要求自己，那么就没有人能阻止你实现梦想。
__________________________________________________________, then no one can ever stop you from realizing your dreams.



【答案】
1. give in to children’s demands all the time   
2. demand much patience, hard work and sacrifice
3. demands the active cooperation of all countries   
4. are much in demand among young people
5. there have been increased demands placed on police officers
6. demands constant efforts
7. demands each team member share their ideas as much as possible
8. If you demand more from yourself than anyone else could ever expect

3
【知词义】
drain
1. n. a pipe that carries away dirty water or other liquid waste 下水道；排水管
2. v. ~ (sth) to make sth empty or dry by removing all the liquid from it; to become empty or dry in this way 排空；（使）流光；放干
to make sb/sth weaker, poorer, etc. by using up their/its strength, money, etc. 使（精力、金
钱等）耗尽
~ sth to empty a cup or glass by drinking everything in it 喝光；喝干
【晓变化】
drained  adj. 排出水分的；干的；精疲力竭
drainage  n. 排水；放水
【记搭配】
talent / brain drain  人才流失，人才外流
【仿佳句】
The river drains into a lake.
河水流进了湖里。
She felt her anger drain away.
她感到她的怒火逐渐平息下来。
All the colour drained from his face when I told him the news.
我把这消息告诉他时他脸色变得煞白。
Fraud trials are often complex and have become an expensive drain on the public purse.
诈骗案通常错综复杂，会给公共资金造成巨大损失。
I feel totally drained of energy this evening.
今天晚上我感到耗尽了精力。
The experience left her emotionally drained.
这次经历使得她心灰意懒。
The area has good natural drainage.
这个地区有良好的天然排水系统。
【巧应用】
1. 教育
人们担心近年来兴起的留学热潮会导致严重的人才外流。
People are worried that the rising trend of studying abroad in recent years will ______________
__________________.

2. 科技
过度使用手机会极大消耗我们的精力，让我们很难集中精力在手头的工作上。
_____________________________________, making it difficult for us to focus on the task at hand.
3. 环境
这个国家很多曾经宽广的河流如今都干涸了，而水资源浪费的问题一直没有得到有效处理。
____________________________________________, but the problem of water wastage has not been effectively addressed.
4. 传统文化
过去人们向往传统节日，因为他们在节日里可以吃大餐以及穿漂亮的衣服。但随着人们收入的提高，传统节日的气氛似乎消失了。
In the past, people looked forward to traditional festivals because they could have big meals and nice clothes at the festivals. However, as people’s income rises, _________________________
____________________.
5. 健康
IT行业大部分工作都让人心力交瘁，很多IT行业人员也因此遭受了亚健康问题。
Most jobs in the IT industry are ________________________________________, and many IT workers suffer from sub-health as a result.
6. 合作
团队成员之间的恶性竞争如果不加以制止，会降低整个团队的工作效率和积极性。
Vicious competition between team members, if left unchecked will ______________________
______________________.
7. 成功
失败会给人们造成多大的影响取决于他们的性格。如果他们消极悲观，那么一个很小的失败都可能让他们心力交瘁。
The impact that a failure will have on people depends on their personalities. If they always see the world in a negative light, ___________________________.

【答案】
1. lead to a serious brain drain
2. Excessive use of mobile phones will drain us
3. Many of the once wide rivers in this country are now drained   
4. the festivity surrounding traditional festivals seems to drain
5. physically exhausting and emotionally draining
6. drain the team of its efficiency and enthusiasm
7. then a small failure can drain them
声明：文本整理自网络，仅供学习参考，如有侵权请联系删除。

4
【知词义】
endure
vt. to experience and deal with sth that is painful or unpleasant, especially without complaining 忍耐；忍受
vi. to continue to exist for a long time 持续；持久
【晓变化】
endurable  adj. 可忍受的
enduring  adj. 持久的；耐久的
endurance  n. 耐力；持久力；忍耐力；耐久力；耐久性；耐用度
【记搭配】
endure a misfortune  厄运当头
【仿佳句】
She could not endure the thought of parting.
一想到分别她就无法忍受。
a love that endures all things and never fails  可经受一切考验的永不凋谢的爱情
He can’t endure to be defeated.
他无法忍受失败。
It is very easy to endure the difficulties of one’s enemies. It is the successes of one’s friends that are hard to bear.
来自敌人的困难可以忍，来自朋友的成功则无可忍。
We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport.
航班延误，我们不得不在机场苦等了九个小时。
This tradition has endured for centuries.
这个传统已经延续了数百年。
Somehow the language endures and continues to survive.
那种语言以某种方式保存下来，并继续存在下去。
His works will endure for centuries.
他的作品将万古长青。
Shakespeare’s poetic works boast enduring significance.
莎士比亚的诗作有着经久不衰的影响。
The pressure was barely endurable, but the experience was priceless.
这种压力简直难以忍受，但这段经历无比珍贵。
enduring friendships  持久的友谊
What is the reason for the game’s enduring appeal?
这种游戏为什么具有经久不衰的吸引力呢？
This event tests both physical and mental endurance.
该比赛项目既是对体力也是对心理承受力的考验。
He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness.
他在整个生病期间表现出非凡的忍耐力。
【巧应用】
1. 教育
应试教育从恢复高考开始延续至今，教育人士认为是时候提倡素质教育了。
Exam-oriented education _____________ (endure) since the resumption of the college entrance exam, and educators believe that it is time to promote quality education.
2. 科技
由于缺乏对网上言论的监督，很多无辜的人都在承受着网络暴力而且无处申诉。
Due to the lack of supervision of online comments, ____________________________________ cyberbullying and have nowhere to complain.
3. 环境
人们为了应对空气污染所做的努力已经持续多年，他们也确实获得了显著成效。
___________________________________________________________, and they have indeed achieved remarkable results.
4. 传统文化
中国历史上有无数的战争和灾难，但传统文化却持续至今并不断发展。
There have been countless wars and disasters in China’s history, _________________________
_____________________.
5. 青少年犯罪
很多有犯罪行为的青少年在童年时期遭受过父母的疏于管教甚至家庭暴力。
Many young people who commit crimes __________________________________ when they were young.
6. 健康
能消灭恶性细菌的抗生素药品种类越来越少，这对于正在受病痛折磨的患者来说是一个坏消息。
There are fewer and fewer types of antibiotics that can eliminate malignant bacteria, _________
_____________________________.
7. 合作
目标一致、互相支持加上积极沟通能让团队合作持久。
Consistent goals, mutual support and active communication among team members __________
_____________.
8. 成功
经历过磨难的人能以良好的心态对待挫折，并想尽办法战胜它。
Those ________________________ can see setbacks in a positive light and make every effort to overcome them.
【答案】
1. has endured
2. many innocent people are enduring
3. People’s efforts to cope with air pollution have endured for many years   
4. but traditional Chinese culture endured and moved forward
5. endured child neglect or even domestic violence
6. which is bad news for patients enduring illness
7. can make teamwork endure
8. who have endured hardships

5
【知词义】
expose
vt.
① to show sth that is usually hidden 暴露；显露；露出
② ~ sb/sth (as sth)  to tell the true facts about a person or a situation, and show them/it to be immoral, illegal, etc. 揭露；揭穿
③ ~ sb/sth/yourself (to sth)  to put sb/sth in a place or situation where they are not protected from sth harmful or unpleasant 使面临，使遭受（危险或不快）
④ ~ sb to sth  to make it possible for someone to experience new ideas, ways of life, etc 接触，体验
⑤ to let light fall on (film in a camera) in order to create a photograph使（照相机胶片）曝光
【晓变化】
exposed  adj. 无遮蔽的，不遮挡风雨的；暴露的；无保护的，易受攻击的
exposure  n. 暴露；揭露；报道，关注；接触，体验；受冻
【记搭配】
expose yourself to ridicule/criticism  使自己受到嘲笑/批评
【仿佳句】
He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth.
他突然一笑，露出一口雪白的牙齿。
Miles of sand are exposed at low tide.
在低潮时数英里的沙滩就会显现出来。
He did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to anyone.
他不想向任何人显露他的恐惧与不安。
She was exposed as a liar and a fraud.
她说谎和欺骗的面目被揭穿了。
Do not expose babies to strong sunlight.
不要让婴孩受到强烈的阳光照射。
We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.
我们想让孩子们尽量受到艺术和文化熏陶。
She hasn’t yet been exposed to measles.
她没得过麻疹。
The film had not been properly exposed.
这卷胶片曝光不足。
The colors will fade if they are exposed to sunlight.
这些颜色如果暴露在阳光下，会褪色的。

【巧应用】
1. 教育
尊重个性的教育能让孩子接触到应试内容之外的各种知识，有利于培养他们的创造力和自主学习能力。
Education that respects individuality _______________________________ beyond the content of the test, which is conducive to cultivating their creativity and independent learning ability.
2. 科技
随着技术的不断发展，我们正目睹技术越来越多地暴露人们的隐私。
As technology develops, we are witnessing technology’s increasing ability to ____________________.
3. 环境
因为我们无时无刻不把自己暴露在空气中，所以如果空气质量得不到保障，我们都无法想象生活将变得多么恐怖。
Because we are constantly _______________ the air, we cannot imagine how terrible life will be if air quality is not guaranteed.
4. 传统文化
滥用传统文化敛财的现象遭到曝光后，少数民族传统村落过度商业开发的问题得到了媒体高度重视。
After the phenomenon of cashing in on traditional culture _______________, the excessive commercial development of ethnic minority villages received much attention in the press.
5. 青少年犯罪
大多数父母认为使用网络最可怕的是他们的孩子将接触到色情内容。
When it comes to Internet use, the biggest fear among parents is that their children ____________________ pornography.
6. 健康
空气中污染浓度虽然不高，但如果人在这样的空气中长期暴露，也会大大提高肺癌的发
病率。
Although the concentration of air pollutants is not high, _____________________________, they will be at higher risk of lung cancer.
7. 合作
尽管我们经常接触到关于如何与他人合作的理论，但当我们面对分歧时，仍然会感到不知所措。
___________________________________ about how to cooperate with others, we may still feel overwhelmed when facing differences.
8. 成功
如果你想成功，那就去接触那些比你更成功的人。
If you want to become successful, you should _____________ to those who are more successful than you.
【答案】
1. exposes children to a variety of knowledge
2. expose people’s privacy
3. exposed to
4. was exposed
5. may be exposed to
6. if people are exposed to them for a long time
7. Although we are often exposed to theories
8. expose yourself

6
【知词义】
fall victim to
1. to be attacked, injured, or killed by (someone or something) 被攻击；被伤害；成为牺牲品
2. to be affected badly by (something) 受到严重影响；成为（某事）受害者
【晓变化】
victimhood  n. 受害
victimize  v. 不公正地对待，使受害，迫害
【记搭配】
be the victim of sth  是某事的受害者
famine/earthquake/flood etc victim  饥荒/地震/洪水等的灾民
victim of circumstance  环境的牺牲品
【仿佳句】
Police think she may have fallen victim to a serial killer.
警方认为她可能已经被连环杀手杀害了。
She fell victim to the flu.
她患了严重的流感。
He fell victim to a scam.
他被骗惨了。
Thousands of people fall victim to Internet criminals every day.
每天，成千上万的人成为互联网犯罪的受害者。
At Brussels airport he fell victim to pickpockets who pinched his wallet.
在布鲁塞尔机场，他被扒手盯上，钱包被偷走了。
In 1948, Gandhi fell victim to a member of a Hindu gang.
1948年，甘地被一个印度教帮派成员杀害。
The company has fallen victim to increased competition.
日益激烈的竞争让这家公司深受其害。
Many small businesses have fallen victim to the recession.
许多小企业成为经济衰退的受害者。

【巧应用】
1. 教育
那些与众不同或有独特爱好的学生更容易成为校园欺凌的受害者。
Students who stand out for being different or who have unique hobbies are more likely to _______________ school bullying.

2. 科技
社交网络平台比如脸书和推特的流行让年轻人很容易成为社交媒体过载的受害者。
The popularity of social media platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter, makes it easier for young people to _________________ social media overload.
3. 环境
如果我们人类坚持使用化石燃料，北极熊可能是全球变暖的首批受害者之一。100年后，唯一的北极熊可能就是动物园里的北极熊了。
The polar bear could be one of the first species that ___________________________________ if we continue burning fossil fuels. 100 years from now, the only polar bears that remain could be the ones in the zoo.
4. 传统文化
有些人认为，英语总有一天会让少数种群语言消失，另外各地文化将不可避免地成为全球化的牺牲品。
Some people argue that English will eradicate minority languages someday and that local cultures will inevitably ____________________________.
5. 青少年犯罪
随着今年越来越多的学生成为枪支暴力的受害者，教育工作者和专业组织已经开始游说政府加强对枪支的管控。
As more and more students ________________________ this year, educators and professional organizations have begun to lobby for stricter gun control.
6. 健康
爱吃甜食的人更容易暴饮暴食，从而导致肥胖。
People who have a sweet tooth are more likely to ______________ sugar binges, which could lead them to obesity.
7. 合作
任何团队都可能成为独裁管理的受害者，特别是当团队面临巨大的压力并且有一个强大的领导者时。
____________________________ authoritarian management, especially when the team is under considerable pressure and has a strong leader.
8. 成功
有时成功人士会成为自负的受害者，因此很重要的一点是他们要保持谦虚。
Sometimes successful people can ___________________________, so it is important that they stay humble.






【答案】
1. fall victim to
2. fall victim to
3. fall victim to global warming
4. fall victim to globalization
5. fall victim to gun violence
6. fall victim to
7. Any team can fall victim to
8. fall victim to overconfidence

7
【知词义】
hang over:
① to put sth in a position so that the top part is fixed or supported, and the bottom part is free to move and does not touch the ground 悬挂
② continue 继续
③ remain to be finished or settled 搁下来；有待解决
④ be going to happen; threaten 笼罩；威胁；使忧心忡忡
【晓变化】
hangover  n. 宿醉；旧时遗留之物
hangout  n. informal 常去的地方；聚集处
hangup  n. informal（无端的）担忧，苦恼，困扰
【记搭配】
hang out  泡在某处；与……经常在一起；晾晒（衣服）
let it all hang out  休息，做自己想做的事
hang up  挂断电话；挂起（衣服）
【仿佳句】
A beautiful doll is hung over the window.
窗上挂着一个漂亮的洋娃娃。
The danger of war hung over Europe.
战争的危机威胁欧洲。
When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home.
当他们争吵的时候，屋里就像被一团庞大的黑云笼罩。
Polluted air hangs over the city.
城市上空被污染的空气所笼罩。
I can’t relax with that test hanging over my head.
考试临近，我无法放松下来。
A constant threat of unemployment hangs over thousands of university researchers.
持续存在的失业威胁困扰着数千名大学科研人员。
A question mark hangs over many of their futures.
他们的不少期货都还是个问号。
Uncertainty again hangs over the project.
这个计划又再次变得不确定起来。
The threat of redundancy was still hanging over us.
失业的威胁依然笼罩在我们心头。
I expect the situation to hang over till next week.
我希望这种局面会继续到下周。
We’ll discuss the problem that hung over from last meeting.
我们将讨论上次会上遗留下来的问题。
The court decided to let the suit hang over till its next session.
法庭决定把这个诉讼案留到下次开庭时解决。
【巧应用】
1. 教育
社会的贫富差距始终威胁着教育的公平性。
In all societies, the gap between rich and poor always _____________ the fairness of education.
2. 科技
对未知的恐惧一直笼罩着科学的进步，但它总是随着时间的推移而消散。
Fear of the unknown __________________________, but it always dissipates over time.
3. 环境
多年来，不断加剧的全球变暖一直笼罩着人类，威胁着人类的生存。
The ever-increasing global warming __________________________ and threatening human survival for many years.
4. 传统文化
对传统文化终将消失的担忧笼罩着许多人，尤其是老年人。
The worry that traditional culture will eventually disappear __________________________, especially the elderly.
5. 青少年犯罪
青少年犯罪率居高不下的问题已经困扰了这个城市很长一段时间，所以是时候采取一些严厉的措施来对付它了。
The high rate of juvenile crimes __________________________, so it is high time that the government took some tough measures against it.
6. 健康
持续被压力笼罩对你的健康是不利的。
Having stress ________________ you all the time is bad for your health.
7. 合作
当不信任感笼罩着团队时，高效的合作就会变得不可能。
Efficient collaboration will be impossible when __________________________.
8. 成功
当失败的恐惧笼罩着一个人的时候，他（她）会踟蹰不前，然后没有任何进展。
When the fear of failure ______________ a person, he or she will be reluctant to act and end up making no progress.

【答案】
1. hangs over
2. has always hung over scientific progress
3. has been hanging over human beings
4. hangs over many people
5. has hung over the city for a long time
6. hanging over
7. distrust hangs over the team
8. hangs over

8
【知词义】
reduce v.
1.  [+object]: to make (something) smaller in size, amount, number, etc. 减少；缩小；降低（常用义）
2. [+object]
a: to cause (someone) to be in a specified state or condition 使（某人）处于某种状态
b: to cause (something) to be in a specified form by breaking it, burning it, etc. （通过破裂、燃烧等）使变成，使化为
c: to force (someone) to do something that causes shame, embarrassment, etc. 迫使（某人）做丢脸的事
3. [+object]: to describe (something) in a way that includes only some of the facts and details 简化；归纳
【晓变化】
reducible  adj. [正式]可以简化的
reduction  n. （尺寸、价格或数量的）缩小，减少，下降
【记搭配】
a drastically reduced price  大幅降低的价格
reduce sth (from sth) to sth  把某物（从……）减少到……
reduce sb to tears/ silence etc.  使某人流泪/沉默等
reduce sb to doing sth  迫使某人做某事；使某人沦落到做某事的地步
reduce sth to ashes/rubble/ruins  把某物（尤指建筑物）化为灰烬/变成瓦砾/夷为废墟
【仿佳句】
It reduces the risks of heart disease.
这降低了患心脏病的风险。
Consumption is being reduced by 25 per cent.
消费下降了25个百分点。
The movie’s ending reduced them to tears. [=made them cry]
影片结尾使他们潸然泪下。
The crowd was reduced to silence. [=became suddenly silent]
人群突然沉默下来。
The reduced consumer demand is also affecting the company’s profits.
消费需求的降低也影响到了公司的利润。
I reduced the problem to a few simple questions.
我把这个难题简化为几个简单的小问题。
Her argument can be reduced to a few essential points.
她的论据可以归纳成几个要点。
We bought a television that was reduced (from £500 to £350) in the sales.
我们在大减价时，以（从500英镑减至350英镑）很便宜的价格买了台电视。
The medicine reduces the risk of infection.
这种药物可降低感染的风险。
We are trying to reduce our debt.
我们正努力减少债务。
The museum has been reduced to begging for funding.
这家博物馆已经沦落到乞求经费的境地。
Their house was reduced to ashes [=was completely burned/destroyed] by the fire.
他们的房子被大火烧成灰烬。
The city was reduced to rubble/ruins by the bombing.
城市被炸成了废墟。
Stricter speed limit enforcement has reduced the number of car accidents.
更加严格的限速力度减少了交通事故的数量。
Her prison sentence was reduced from 15 years to 10.
她的刑期从15年减到了10年。
【巧应用】
1. 教育
如果孩子能自己完成任务，他们的自信心和责任感便会增强，从而减少对父母的依赖。
If children can complete their tasks on their own, their self-confidence and sense of responsibility will grow, and this will ___________________________________.
2. 科技
无人驾驶能大幅降低交通事故数量，可能挽救数百万人生命。
Autonomous vehicles can significantly _________________________________, saving millions of lives.
3. 环境
如何减少工厂和汽车的碳排放量，已经成了越来越重要的议题。
The issue of _______________ carbon emissions from factories and cars has grown in importance.
4. 传统文化
技术的发展使得保护和修复古建筑的难度大大降低了。
Technological advances _________________________________ of protecting and repairing ancient buildings.
5. 青少年犯罪
如果我们要降低青少年性犯罪率，在性教育方面应该更坦率。
More openness is needed in sex education if we are to __________ the sexual crime rate among adolescents.
6. 健康
在工作间隙站起来远眺有助于缓解视觉疲劳和背部病症的问题。
Standing up and looking far away during work _______________ eyestrain and back problems.
7. 合作
团队合作的真正意义在于，把不同能力的人组合在一起，取长补短，从而降低完成任务的难度。
The true meaning of teamwork is to group people of different abilities to complement each other, ________________________________________.
8. 成功
在工作中要注意培养自己把难题简化为多个简单的小问题，并逐一解决的能力。
At work, you should develop your ability to ________________________________________ and solve them one by one.

【答案】
1. reduce their dependence on their parents
2. reduce the number of traffic accidents
3. how to reduce
4. have greatly reduced the difficulty
5. reduce
6. can help reduce
7. thus reducing the difficulty of completing tasks
8. reduce the problem to multiple simple questions

9
【知词义】
restrict  v.
1. 限制，限定（大小、规模等）
If you restrict something, you put a limit on it in order to reduce it or prevent it becoming too great.
2. 约束，限制（活动或行为）
To restrict the movement or actions of someone or something means to prevent them from moving or acting freely.
3. 限制，限定（人或其行为）
If you restrict someone or their activities to one thing, they can only do, have, or deal with that thing. If you restrict them to one place, they cannot go anywhere else.
【晓变化】
restricted  adj. 狭小的；有限的；（活动、能做的事）有限的，受限制的；（尤指在法律或规则上）受限制的，受约束的
restrictive  adj. 限制（性）的，约束（性）的=limiting
restriction  n. 限制，规定，约束；（对大小、数量、范围的）限制
【记搭配】
restrict ... to ...  把……限定在……内
restrict yourself/sb to (doing) sth  限制自己/某人只做某事
【仿佳句】
There is talk of raising the admission requirements to restrict the number of students on campus.
有传闻称将通过提高录取条件来限制在校学生的数目。
The French, I believe, restrict Japanese imports to a maximum of 3 per cent of their market.
我认为，法国将把从日本的最高进口量限制在其市场总量的3%.
Villagers say the fence would restrict public access to the hills.
村民们说架篱笆能限制公众进山。
The government imprisoned dissidents, forbade travel, and restricted the press.
政府囚禁了持不同政见者，禁止出游，并且限制了新闻自由。
These dams have restricted the flow of the river downstream.
这些堤坝限制了河水顺流而下。
He was, however, allowed to stay on at the temple as long as he restricted himself to his studies.
然而，只要他专心学习，他就可以继续留在寺庙里。
The patient isn’t restricted to a meagre diet.
并没有限制这位病人少吃东西。
For the first two weeks patients are restricted to the grounds.
在头两周里，病人们只能在院子里活动。
We restrict the number of students per class to 10.
我们将每个班的学生人数限定为10人。
Access to the club is restricted to members only.
俱乐部仅对会员开放。
【巧应用】
1. 教育
学校和社会如果只在意考试分数，则会限制学生的全面发展。
Schools and societies will _________________________________ of students if they only care about test scores.
2. 科技
企图限制科技的发展以保持自己垄断地位的企业，最终都将走向没落。
Enterprises that attempt to _________________________________ to maintain their monopoly will eventually go downhill.
3. 环境
只有各国政府严格限制污染物的排放量，承担起应有的责任，全球环境问题才能得到有效的缓解。
Only when governments __________ the emission of pollutants and take up their due responsibilities can global environmental problems be effectively alleviated.
4. 传统文化
对科技和现代科学的过分崇拜会限制传统文化的传播，这对于人民的民族自豪感是有损害的。
Excessive worship of technology and modern science would ______________________________ culture, which is detrimental to people’s sense of national pride.
5. 青少年犯罪
父母应只允许孩子有限地接触互联网，因为互联网中大量存在着可能诱导他们犯罪的暴力
内容。
Parents should allow children _______________ to the Internet, for it is rife with violent content that can induce them to commit crimes.
6. 健康
只吃某些特定的食物对于一个人的身体健康是极为不利的。
_________________________________ can be extremely detrimental to one’s health.
7. 合作
一个人的经验和能力是有限的，只有通过合作才能更好地解决问题。
Only through cooperation can people solve problems better, as one’s experience and ability are _________.

8. 成功
那些不把自己限制在固定思路里的人更有可能获得成功。
Those __________________________________________________ are more likely to succeed.


















【答案】
1. restrict the all-round development
2. restrict the development of technology
3. restrict
4. restrict the spread of traditional culture
5. restricted access
6. Being restricted to a certain diet
7. restricted
8. who do not restrict themselves to a fixed mindset

10
【知词义】
suffer  v.
1. to experience physical or mental pain 感到疼痛；遭受（痛苦）；蒙受
2. to experience something unpleasant (such as defeat, loss, or damage) 经历，蒙受（失败、损失或损害等）
3. to become worse because of being badly affected by something （因深受某事物影响而）变坏，恶化
【晓变化】
sufferer  n. （尤指某种疾病的）患者；受害者，受苦者
suffering  n. （肉体或精神上的）痛苦，苦难，折磨
【记搭配】
suffer from a disease/illness/cancer  生病，患病；得了癌症
suffer (from) depression  患抑郁症
suffer from a bad back  背疼
suffer an injury  受伤
suffer a heart attack  心脏病突发
suffer loss/damage/hardship  蒙受损失/损伤；遭受苦难
suffer the consequences  饱受危害，承受后果
not suffer fools gladly  对愚蠢的人没有耐心
【仿佳句】
He was eventually diagnosed as suffering from terminal cancer.
他最终被诊断出患了晚期癌症。
I realized he was suffering from shock.
我意识到他休克了。
The peace process has suffered a serious blow now.
现在和平进程遭到重创。
Romania suffered another setback in its efforts to obtain financial support for its reforms.
罗马尼亚在为其改革努力寻求经济援助时再次受挫。
The Democrats suffered a crushing defeat in the last election.
民主党在上次选举中惨败。
When you’re working such long hours, it’s inevitable that your marriage will start to suffer.
你老是这么加班，婚姻难免会受影响。
If companies do not adapt to the changing economic situation, they will suffer the consequences.
如果公司不适应不断变化的经济形势，他们将承受后果。
【巧应用】
1. 教育
学生长时间学习后，他们的精神状态将不可避免地开始受到影响。
When students have studied for long hours, it’s inevitable that their mental state will start to ________.
2. 科技
每当一项新技术出现，一些行业将不可避免地遭受损失，而行业中的低技能劳动者损失最大。
Whenever a new technology emerges, __________________________________, and it is low-skilled workers in these industries that _____________.
3. 环境
潮湿的天气加上烟花燃放意味着国家许多地区将在春节期间遭受空气污染。
Humid weather conditions coupled with traditional firework displays mean many parts of the country ______________________ during the Lunar New Year holiday.
4. 传统文化
当人们对传统文化有强烈的偏见时，它可能会遭受严重打击。
Traditional culture might ______________________ when people have a strong bias against it.
5. 青少年犯罪
那些小时候受过创伤的人长大后更有可能犯罪。
______________________ at a young age are more likely to commit crimes as they grow up.
6. 健康
如果你一直坚持吃不健康的食物，你将承受其对应的后果，比如各种健康问题。
If you keep on eating unhealthy food, you will ______________________, such as a variety of health conditions.
7. 合作
团队合作有时意味着你必须忍受别人愚蠢决定的后果。
Working as a team sometimes means that you have to _________________________________.
8. 成功
即使遭受来自失败的沉重打击，我们仍然可以站起来，向前迈进。
Even after ________________________________, we can still stand up and move forward.
【答案】
1. suffer    2. some industries will inevitably suffer; suffer the most
3. will suffer air pollution    4. suffer a serious blow
5. Those who suffered trauma    6. suffer the consequences
7. suffer the consequences of stupid decisions made by others
8. suffering a heavy blow from failure