动词时态和语态常考点

动词时态和语态常考点

一．时态
1. 一般现在时 (am/is/are/do/does)
1) 一般现在时表示习惯性的，永久性的或经常反复发生的动作，常与often, always, never, constantly,
usually, generally, occasionally, as a rule, seldom, on Sundays, sometimes，every day(week/month/year),
on(at, over) weekends, once a week, twice a month等时间状语连用。
Eg: Tom gets up at 8 o’clock every morning.
2) 一般现在时行为动词的单数第三人称形式构成的规则：
1.一般情况在词尾+s  (appeals, appoints, directs, adopts, informs, abuses)
2.以-ch/-sh/-s/-x/-o结尾+es  (fetches, finishes, guesses, fixes)
3.以辅音字母+y结尾，先变y为i再+es (replies, marries, fries, studies, supplies)
4.以元音字母+y结尾，直接+s (obeys, destroys, annoys, employs, conveys, buys)
3) 表示客观事实或普遍真理以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在, 也用在格言警句中。
Eg: Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
4) （主将从现）用于由连词after, before, as soon as, when, until, the minute, the instant, once, if, unless, so
long as等引导的时间、条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Eg: Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.
2. 一般过去时 (was/were/did)
1）表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, a moment ago, the day before yesterday, in 1996, a few days ago, the other day, at that time, moment, in the past, just now, then, in those days, in the old days, once upon a time, last night /week/month/year等表过去的时间状语连用。
Eg: The live football match was broadcast last Sunday.
2) 叙述没有过去具体时间的动作或存在的状态或描述几个相继发生的一连串动作。
Eg: Tom was late. He opened the door quietly, moved in and walked carefully to his seat.
3) 在It's time…/I wish…/I’d rather….等结构的从句中，以及在某些条件句中，用一般过去时表示与
现在事实相反或对将来事态的主观设想。         
Eg: It’s time you went to school.
3. 一般将来时 (will/shall do或be going to do)
1) 一般将来时用来表示将要发生的事（英国英语中第一人称常用shall,美国英语中各人称皆用will）常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有：in the future, next time, tomorrow(evening), before long,  later(on), the day after tomorrow, in years to come, next year等
2) 祈使句+and+主语will do sth.(and表肯定)
祈使句十or十主语十will do sth.(or表否定)
Eg: Work hard and you will succeed.
      Work hard or you will fail.
4. 现在进行时 (am/is/are doing)
1) 表示现在（说话的瞬间），正在进行的动作，发生的事，常与now, right now, at this moment, at present
等时间状语连用，或用在look/listen等引出的句子里。
2) 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时动作不一定正在进行)，常与at present，
these days, this week month, term, semester等时间状语连用。
Eg: She is working for a company at present.
3) be always/constantly doing sth. “总是…”表示说话人对主语的某种行为表示满意，称赞，惊讶，厌
恶等感情色彩。
Eg: She was always being late for school.
5. 过去进行时 (was/were doing)
1) 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作, 一般常和 at that time/at five yesterday/then/last night/this time
yesterday/when I arrived等特定的过去时间状语连用。
Eg: When he called me, I was having dinner.
6. 现在完成时（have/has done）
1）表示过去某时开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，这个动作或状态也许还会持续下去，常用的时间的状语如: lately, recently, already, since 5 years ago, since1998, since yesterday, since he came here, (ever)since(then), for(或over)3 years, for a long time, so far, up to the present, up to now, to date表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。
Eg: So far she has visited many places of interest in the world.
2）现在完成时还常与for the last 3 weeks, in the recent years, during the past few years, within the last 3 days, over (或in）the past few years等时间状语连用，表示某一动作从过去一直延续到现在。
3）It/This is /will be the first/second…time+ that从句中，that 从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。
Eg: This/It is the third time you have failed in the exam.
4） It/This is the best/worst/most interesting/…+名词+that从句中，that 从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。
Eg: This is the best film that I have ever watched.
5）It is/has been +一段时间+since 从句
Eg: It is/has been 10 years since he came to China.
6) 现在完成时与现在完成进行时区别
  现在完成时：强调结果或动作已经完成。
  Eg: We have discussed the question with him. (讨论完毕)
  现在完成进行时：强调结果或动作一直在进行
  Eg: We have been discussing the question with him all the morning. (一直在进行)
7. 过去完成时（had done）
1) 表示到过去某一时刻为止，已经完成了的动作，常与by the end of last year，by the time+从句，by then，
by yesterday，by nine o'clock yesterday等状语连用，通常与非延续性动词连用。
Eg: By the time I got home, everyone had gone to bed.
2) 用在主句是一般过去时的宾语从句或间接引语中。
  Eg: He said that he had finished his homework.
3) 表示过去本来要做而没做或无法做的事，或没有实现的希望或意图。常用此结果的动词有hope希
望/want想/expect期望/think想/mean打算/suppose想/plan计划/intend计划/wish希望/desire期望等。
Eg: I had intended to come to the party, but I was busy.
4)  It/This was the first/second…time+ that从句中，that 从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。
Eg: This/It was the third time you had failed in the exam.
二. 动词语态
1.被动语态的使用场合
1) 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时
2) 强调动作的承受者
Eg: It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
2. 不能用被动语态的几组动词
1) 系动词类（look, seem, feel, taste, smell, sound, prove, appear等）
Eg: He proved to be an honest friend.
2) 表示主语特征的词（read, wash, write, sell, wear, look 等）
Eg: This kind of cloth washes easily.
3) 表示“希望，意图，喜好”动词，如“wish, want, hope, hate 等不能用于被动语态
Eg: They hated each other.
4) 常见的无被动的词或短语：happen, take place, break out, belong to, date from, date back to, consist of,
run out, come up, weigh, measure 意为：(尺寸，长短，数量等)量度为
3. 主动形式表被动意义的情况
1) 在need, want, require动词，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
Eg: The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
2) 在某些“主语（人/物）+be+形容词+不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有
nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。
Eg: The problem is difficult to work out.
三．自主探究
1. 表示预先安排或计划要做的事情，或要发生的动作。主要用于come/go/begin/arrive/start/stop/open/
return/close/ finish/ sail/complete/ end/ depart/ leave等瞬间动词，一般句中有表示将来时间的状语。
Eg: The train leaves at 11 and arrives in Paris at 3 tomorrow morning.
2. be doing sth. 按计划，安排即将做某事，很少变更，常用的有go/start/leave/begin/stay/take/reach/
arrive/return/come/move等动词
Eg: We are moving to a new flat next week.
3. for+一段时间用现在完成时表示过去的动作延续到现在
Eg: I have stayed in China for two weeks. (表示从两星期前一直待到现在)
for+一段时间用一般过去时，表示过去的动作，现在已经不做了。主句的动词时延续性动词
Eg: I stayed in China for two weeks. (表示两周前再中国待过，但现在不在中国了)
4. Sth be worth doing. 值得做某事
Sb. deserve to do sth. 应该做某事
Eg: She deserves to succeed. 她应该成功。
Sb./Sth. deserve doing/ to be done/名词
Eg: The plan deserves discussing/to be discussed/ discussion.
四. 习题：
1.Stressing that traditional Chinese Opera_____(be) the treasure of Chinese culture, Xi encouraged the students to explore the true meaning of art.
2.A new study_____(find) that elementary school students who sleep little are more likely to gain pounds
3.He______(bear) in 2005.
4.It is time we_____(work) hard to realize our goals.
5.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ (go)there several years ago.
6.Tom was late. He opened the door quietly, _____(move) in and walked carefully to his seat.
7.In 1999, Guo and other 22 scientists______(award) national medals of honor for their contributions to China’s first atomic and hydrogen bomb explosions and satellite launches in the 1960s and 1970s.
8.Work hard and you____(succeed).
9.No one knows what____(happen) in the future.
10.What is he_____(do) in Beijing these days?
11.While I was passing by the playground, students_____(fix) their attention on taking exercise.
12.The government_____(offer) tax reduction for bookstores to encourage the development of physical bookstores, so far.
13.It has been a long time since I_____(know) Margret.
14.With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______(discover) in the past few years.
15.During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _______(increase) sharply.
16.Cotton farmers in the region_____(encourage) to apply modern agricultural machinery to promote the development of the industry in recent years.
17.Up till now, I ____(collect) about 2000 stamps.
18.John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it      (damage)seriously.
19.He got home and suddenly realized he _____(forget) to turn off the light.
20.He regretted that he_____(waste) a lot of time on playing computer games.
21.I _____(plan) to buy a house in Beijing, but it proved to be a dream.
22.They _____(finish) the project by the end of this year.
23.By the end of last term, we _____(learn) 3500 words.
  By the end of this term, we______(learn) 3500 words.
  By the end of next term, we_____(learn) 3500 words.
24.This product_____(sell) very well.
25. Zhang couldn’t afford the surgery as her husband left her penniless. (改错)
26. It is the first time that we had got full marks in English. (改错)
27. Great changes have been taken place in this city in the last five years. (改错)
28. The flowers required to watering. (改错)
29. I have every confidence that the victory belonged to us. (改错)
30. The problem is difficult to solving. (改错)

    动词时态与语态答案

1. is   2.finds 3. was born   4.worked/should work      5. went

6. moved 7. were awarded  8. will succeed  9．will happen  10. doing   11.were fixing  12. has offered  13. knew  14. have been discovered

15.has been increasing   16. have been encouraged   17. have collected

18. had been damaged 19.had forgotten    20. had wasted

21. had planned    22. will have finished   23. had learned/will have learned/ will have learned  24.sells    25. left—had left  

26.is改was或者had改have   27. been去掉  

28.去to或者watering改be watered

29. belonged改belongs   

30. solving改solve