主语从句

文档创建者:admin
浏览次数:37
最后更新:2025-01-01
英语知识
英语知识: Grammar语法 » 句法 » 句子结构 » 复合句
同位语从句
一、同位语
1.概念:对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、说明,与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。
2.作同位语的词、短语和句子:名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。
We have two foreign teachers,a Canadian and an American.
我们有两名外籍教师,一名加拿大人和一名美国人。
二、同位语从句
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。从句也是句子,符合5种基本句型或there be 句型。引导同位语从句的连接词主要有: 从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。
1.可跟同位语从句的名词或短语
不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句,常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有:
belief信念        doubt怀疑        explanation 解释         hope 希望        idea主意
news消息        opinion观点        possibility 可能        thought想法        wish愿望
truth事实        fact事实            question 问题        promise 诺言   
problem问题        reply答复        report 报道            suggestion 建议
advice建议        warning警告     word消息
The story goes {that the lost child has gone abroad}. 据说那个丢失的孩子出国了。
We’ve heard the news {that a new steel bridge will be built over the Changjiang River in our hometown}. 我们已听说我们家乡要在长江上修建一座新钢桥的消息。
Jim kept his promise {that he would always do everything he could for Mary to make sure of her happiness}. 吉姆许诺愿意为玛丽做一切事情来保证她的幸福,他遵守了这一诺言。
2. 连接词
    常用的引导词有:that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。if一般不连接同位语从句。that, whether不作成分, whether表示“是否”, 其他连接词具有实义, 同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。同位语从句的引导词一般都不省略。
The report {that he was going to resign} was false. 他将辞职的报道是假的。
There’s some doubt {whether John will come on time}. 对约翰是否会按时到有一些怀疑。
The question {why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city} is still under discussion. 人们仍然在讨论这样一个问题: 为什么如此多的人选择到乡下居住,到城里上班。
知识拓展
    wh-类词引导的同位语从句
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该做这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet settled the question (where we are going to spend our summer vacation).
我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。
We have some doubt {whether they can complete the task on time}.
我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。
同位语从句的几种特殊情况
(1)当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。
    ☞The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.
      故事是这样的:威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。
3.同位语从句的语气
    在suggestion, advice, request, order, demand, requirement 等意为“建议,命令,要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“ Should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,其中的should可以省略。
The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule (should) be adopted.
采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。
The government gave the order that all these houses (should) be pulled down in three weeks.
政府下令三个星期内把这些房子全部拆掉。
The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary.
每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句
定语从句
功能不同
对名词加以补充说明
与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,起连接作用
that
不作成分;起连接作用,不可省略
作主语或宾语,起连接作用;并且作从句的宾语时可省略
whether/how
不作成分;起连接作用"是否";"如何"
不引导定语从句
wh­words
作成分;起连接作用;有自己的含义,但与先行词之间无关
作成分;起连接作用;没有自己的含义,但是代替先行词在从句中作成分
    ☞The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
      李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位语从句,that不可省略)
    ☞The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.
      他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,可省略)
例1. I made a promise to myself     ________ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
A. whether     B. what   C. that        D. how
解析 句意: 我向自己保证,今年——我高中的第一年一将会是不同寻常的一年。分析句意可知空格处引导的是同位语从句,解释说明promise的内容,并且此从句结构和意义完整,故用that引导。
答案C
例2 ——Is there any possibility    _______ you could pick me up at the airport?
—No problem.
A. when   B. that       C. whether    D. what
解析 句意:——你有可能到机场来接我吗?——没问题。that引导同位语从句,说明possibility的内容。“There is chance/possibility + that从句”为固定句式,意为“……是可能的”。
答案B
例3 The manager put forward a suggestion ______ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
解析 句意: 经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。本题考查同位语从句。“________ we should have an assistant” 为同位语从句,说明suggestion的内容,用that引导该同位语从句。that 只起连接作用,不作成分。
答案 that
例4 —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea    ______ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.
解析句意: 一迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学给他的录取机会,这是真的吗?一是的,但是我不知道 他为什么会这样做,那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。根据句意可知填why。why引导同位语从句。
答案why



发表评论已发布 1

admin

发表于 2025-1-1 15:52:45 | 显示全部楼层

主语从句
一、主语
1.概念:在句子中,主语是谓语所表示动作的发出者。主语一般位于句子开头,且不能省略。
2.充当主语的词、短语和句子:名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。
The patient’s family have expressed their gratitude to the press in letters for the money raised. 病人的家人写信为筹集到的资金向媒体表示感谢。 (名词作主语)
Studying English is very important. 学习英语很重要。(动名词短语作主语)
二、主语从句
    在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。从句也是句子,符合5种基本句型或there be 句型。引导主语从句的连接词主要有: 从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。
1.that引导的主语从句
(1) that置于句首的主语从句 (that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有含义,只起连接作用,不能省略)
That the college will take in more new students is true.这所大学将要招收更多的新生是真的。
例1 I think that impressed me about his painting is the color he used. (单句改错)
解析 句意: 我认为他的画使我印象深刻的是他对色彩的使用。本题考查that和what引导主语从句的区别。在主语从句中,所缺的词为主语,且表示“物”,需要用what引导。
答案that—►what
例2 Taiwan belongs to China is known to all. (单句改错)
解析句意: 台湾属于中国是众所周知的。that 引导主语从句,虽不作成分,但不能省略。
答案在Taiwan前加That
(2) that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,that 引导真正的主语从句后置,常见的句式主要有如下几种:
① It+系动词+形容词+that从句。常用于这种结构的形容词有:
necessary必要的      certain明确的         right正确的         clear清晰的
(un) likely(不)可能的  possible可能的        strange奇怪的       obvious明显的
natural自然的        important重要的        normal正常的
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很明显,整个计划注定要失败。
It is obvious that you’ve made a big mistake. 很明显你犯了一个大错。
It is likely that he can’t come to the meeting. 很可能他不来参加会议了。
It is fortunate that I have passed the driving test. 很幸运我通过了驾驶考试。
知识拓展
    在“ It is necessary/important/surprising/strange/ unthinkable/unbelievable/incredible + that从句”结构中,从句中谓语常用“ should+动词原形”形式,其中 should可省略。
It is necessary that a college student (should) master one or two foreign languages.
大学生掌握一两门外语是必要的。
It is strange that you (should) trust Jane. 很奇怪你竟然相信简。
当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。
How strange it is that the children are so quiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪!
② It+系动词+名词+that从句。常用于这种结构的名词有:
a pity 遗憾          an honour 荣耀         a shame令人遗憾的事     a wonder奇迹
good news好消息   no wonder 难怪        a fact事实            no surprise不奇怪
It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday. 你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。
It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success. 难怪你取得了这么大成功。
It is common knowledge that the earth turns around the sun. 地球围绕着太阳转是常识。
③ It + be+过去分词+that从句。常用于这种结构的过去分词形式有:
said据说                told有人告诉            heard有人听说       reported据报道
decided作出决定        suggested有人建议    advised有人建议       ordered根据命令
remembered有人记得thought有人认为        considered 认为       well-known 很著名
hoped有人希望        announced据宣布
It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.
据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。
It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.
据报道在事故中没有乘客受伤。
It is generally considered that boys are better at science than girls.
人们普遍认为男孩比女孩更擅长理科。
知识拓展
    在“ It + be + suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/demanded +that从句”结构中,that从句中谓语应用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
It is suggested that you ( should) spend more time in studying English.
建议你花更多的时间学习英语。
④ It +动词(+宾语或状语)+that从句。常用于这种结构的动词有:
seem显得appear 好像 happen碰巧 matter重要    occur出现 turn out结果是 make no difference没有意义(区别/不同)
It happened that I was away [when he called]. 他打电话时,我正好不在家。
It turns out that our team has won the game. 结果是我们队赢了这场比赛。
It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager.
我突然想起来我们应该与经理联系。
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?他们明天不来很要紧吗?
2.whether引导的主语从句
    whether在从句中不作任何成分, 只起连接作用, 不能省略,表示“是否”。
Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful. 这项工作能否按时完成还没准呢。(可改为 It is doubtful whether the work can be completed on time.)
Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it.
你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。
主语从句位于主句谓语动作前,表示“是否”,只能用whether。若用it作形式主语,则whether与if可互换。
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
It’s uncertain whether/if he’ll come this evening. 他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
3.wh-类连接词引导的主语从句
    wh-类连接词包括连接代词(who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whatever 等)和连接副词 (when, where, how, why,whenever,wherever, however ) 有时也可以用it作形式主语。
What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
让这本书如此精彩的是作者独特的想象力。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会都无所谓。
It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting. 由谁来主持会议还没有决定。
温馨提示:
    主语从句如果是用连接代词what,whatever,whoever等引导的,表示的是一个具体的东西或人,这种主语从句不能用it作形式主语。
What is worth doing is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事就值得把它做好。
Whatever was said here has left us much (to think). 这里所说的一切都让我们深思。
Whoever comes will be welcome. 谁来都欢迎。
    注意: what引导主语从句时,谓语动词的单复数形式遵循意义一致原则。例如:
What the kid wanted was only a new schoolbag. 那个孩子想要的只是一个新书包。
What the kid wanted were some new books. 那个孩子想要的是一些新书。
例3 It doesn’t matter ________ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.
A. whether   B. how       C. if        D. when
解析 句意: 你在十字路口往左拐还是往右拐都无关紧要一两条路都通往公园。考查主语从句。 根据句意及or可知此处用whether构成固定搭配 whether...or..."(是…还是…)。
答案A
例4 It suddenly occurred to him ______he had left his keys in the office.
A. whether    B. where        C. which        D. that
解析 句意: 他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。本题考查主语从句。“It occurs to sb. that ...” 句型表示 “某人(突然)想起……” ,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的从句。
答案D
例5 The head teacher said    _______ broke the rules would be punished.
解析句意:校长说无论是谁违反了规定都将受到惩罚。考查 whoever 的用法。whoever = anyone who, 在主语从句中作主语。
答案whoever


您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即加入

本版积分规则