连系动词

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最后更新:2025-01-01
英语知识
英语知识: Grammar语法 » 动词 » 连系动词
连系动词
连系动词又称系动词,是连接主语和表语的动词,后面一般跟名词、形容词等,说明主语的性质、特征、状态、身份、变化和结果等,构成“主语 + 系动词 + 表语”。

系动词详细分类如下:

(1)系动词be,后可接名词、代词、形容词、个性副词、介词短语、非谓语动词和句子充当表语。

She is a good swimmer.    她是个游泳好手。(名词作表语)

The coat is his. 这件外套是他的。(代词作表语)

The number is three. 数字是3。(数词作表语)

Everything is possible. 一切皆有可能。(形容词作表语)

Tom was out. 汤姆出去了。(个性副词作表语)

The book is on the desk. 那本书在桌子上。(介词短语作表语)

My aim is to travel around the world. 我的目标是周游世界。(动词不定式作表语)

Your job is teaching the students (here). 你的工作就是教这里的学生。(动名词作表语)

The film is very moving. 这部电影很感人。(现在分词作表语)

The hunters were very excited. 猎人们感到很兴奋。(过去分词作表语)

My wish is that everyone can live a peaceful life. 我的愿望是每个人都能过上平和的生活。(句子作表语)

(2)“感官”类系动词look, smell, taste, feel, sound,后接形容词、like介词短语等充当表语。

That book looks interesting.    那本书看起来很有趣。(形容词作表语)

I’m feeling very sorry for what I’ve done.    就我所做的事我感到很抱歉。(形容词作表语)

Medicine tastes bitter but it cures diseases. 良药苦口利于病。(形容词作表语)

He looks like a idiot. 他看上去像一个傻逼。(like a idiot作表语)

I felt at home. 我感觉在家一样。(at home作表语)

(3)“保持”类:keep, stay, remain, continue。keep和stay后接形容词、个性副词、介词短语作表语,remain和continue后接名词、形容词、个性副词、介词短语、to be结构作表语也可以用于there be句型。

Keep silent! 保持安静!(形容词作表语)

Keep out!请勿进入!(个性副词作表语,往往都是一些固定短语)

Keep off the grass!请勿践踏草地!(介词短语作表语)

Stay calm and everything will be OK. 保持冷静,一切都会好的。

Inflation stayed below 4% [last month]. 上月的通货膨胀率保持在 4% 以下。(介词短语作表语)

remain silent/standing/seated/motionless依然沉默/站着/坐着/一动不动

Train fares are likely to remain unchanged. 火车票价很可能会保持不变。

It remains true that sport is about competing well, not winning. 体育重在勇于竞争而非获胜,一向如此。

[In spite of their quarrel], they remain the best of friends. 尽管有过争吵,他们仍是最好的朋友。

He will remain (as) manager of the club [until the end of his contract].他将继续担任俱乐部经理,直至合同期满。

Much remains to be done. 还有很多事要去做。

It remains to be seen (= it will only be known later) whether you are right. 你说得对不对还有待证实。

There remained one significant problem. 还有一个非常重要的问题。

Questions remain about the president's honesty. 总统是否诚实,还有许多疑问。

I feel sorry for her, but the fact remains (that) she lied [to us].我为她感到难过,可事实是她对我们撒了谎。

They remained in Mexico [until June]. 他们在墨西哥一直住到了六月。

The plane remained on the ground. 飞机仍未起飞。

She left, but I remained behind. 她走了,而我留了下来。

I want you <to continue as project manager>. 我要你留任项目经理。

Circumstances continue (to be) favorable. 情况仍然是有利的。

continue fine/cold/silent/angry/in office 仍然晴好/继续寒冷/保持沉默一直生气继续执政

There continue to be reports (about leaks of contaminated water).一直有探测到水被辐射污.

(4)“变化”类:become, turn, get, grow, go。become和turn后接形容词和名词作表语,get, grow, go只接形容词作表语,但是都可以用于进行时态。

[Hearing the news], she became very angry. 听到这个消息,她变得很生气。

Man will grow old. 人会变老的。

They are getting fatter and fatter. 他们正变得越来越胖了。

(5)“第五”类:seem, appear, happen, turn out, prove。一般用于一般现在时和一般过去时,不用于进行时。他们都可以用于there be句型;使用形式主语it时,后接that从句。使用真正的主语作主语,一定要接动词不定式作表语,to be可以省略。

She proves very honest.    事实证明她很诚实。

= It proves that she is very honest.

It seemed that he had left. 似乎他早就已经离开了。

= He seemed to have left.

He seems (to be) a student. 他似乎是一个学生。

= It seems that he is a student.

He seems to leave. 他似乎要离开。

= It seems that he will leave.

He seems to be reading. 他似乎正在阅读。

= It seems that he is reading.

He seems to have finished his homework. 他似乎完成了他的作业。

= It seems that he has finished his homework.

He seems to have been admitted to Beijing University. 他似乎已经被录取到了北大。

= It seems that he has been admitted to Beijing University.

He seems to have been studying in Shanghai. 他似乎一直在上海学习。

= It seems that he has been studying [in Shanghai].

He happened to be there [at that time]. 当时,他碰巧在那里。

= It happened that he was there [at that time].

There happens to be a river. 碰巧有一条河。

= It happens that there is a river.

It seems that there is nothing more (I can do) [but to accept this price].

= There seems to be nothing more (I can do) [but to accept this price].

除了接收这个价格,这里似乎没有什么我能做。

温馨提示

①become和get多指人的情绪或身体状态的变化, 也用于表示天气的变化或社会的发展变化; go多指由好到坏的变化。

It’s becoming cold. 天正在变冷。

go bad变坏/质

②become后接单数名词作表语时,名词前要有冠词a/an,而turn后不加冠词。

[Later] he became a doctor.

= [Later] he turned doctor. 后来他成了一名医生。

③常见固定搭配

fall ill 病倒    fall asleep 入睡 fall silent沉默下来 keep fit保持健康 keep silent保持沉默 keep calm保持冷静 come true 实现 come alive 恢复生机 run dry干涸

④有些系动词也可作实义动词,此时可单独作谓语。

He fell ill [yesterday]. 他昨天病了。(fall是系动词, 后跟表语, 构成主系表结构)

He fell [off the ladder].他从梯子上摔了下来。(fell是实义动词, 单独作谓语)

例1 Emergency line operators must always _______ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.

A. grow    B. appear        C. become     D. stay

解析 句意: 急救线的接线员必须一直保持冷静并确保获得他们派出救援所需要的全部信息。空格处需要意为“保持”的系动词, 四个选项都可以用作系动词,但是只有stay具有“保持”的意思,所以选D。

答案 D

例2 On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she ______ pale.

A. got    B. changed    C. went    D. appeared

解析 句意: 一听到煤矿事故的新闻,她脸色变得苍白。get作系动词时,表示—个相对长的过程; change为实义动词, 不能接形容词作表语; go作系动词时表示情况变坏,也可与表示颜色的词连用; appear作系动词表示表面是这样而事实上并非如此。

答案 C




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