强调句

强调句

强调是为了对一定语境下的部分内容进行突出而采用的一种修辞手段。强调的方式有很多种，主要是为了突出信息。有些是语法上的需要，同时也对信息起到强调作用。
1. 强调句型
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余部分，强调人时可用who/that来连接，强调事物、时间、地点等时常用that。所强调的通常是主语、宾语、表语、状语。被强调的成分不能是定语或谓语。所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。
I didn’t realize she was a film star [until she removed her dark glasses].
直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是位 电影明星。
对主语进行强调：It was I that/who didn’t realize she was a film star [until she removed her dark glasses].
对宾语进行强调：It was she was a film star that I didn’t realize [until she removed her dark glasses].
对状语进行强调:It was [not until she removed her dark glasses] that I realized she was a film star.
(1) 引导词的运用
①即使被强调成分是句子中的时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等，也不能用when, where, because, 要用that。
It was [in front of the bank] that the old lady was robbed. 那个老太太在银行前面被抢劫了。
②被强调成分既有人又有物时，用that不用who。
It was some people and things in ancient times that we talked about. 我们谈论的是古代的一些人和事。
(2) 时态的运用
强调句中的时态要依原句的时态而定，即原句为过去的某种时态，用it was...that。原句为现在的某种时态，就用it is... that，还可用 It might be/must have been/can’t be...that...。
[At work], it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted.
工作中智商使你被雇用，但情商使你得到晋升。
It was Trump that won the US presidential election [in 2016].
2016年特朗普贏得了美国总统选举。 (was与won时态保持一致）
It might be [on tomorrow evening] that the news will be broadcast.
这则消息或许在明天晚上播出。
It must have been Mary who phoned [yesterday]. 准是玛丽昨天打来电话。
(3)人称和数的运用
被强调的部分如果是句子的主语，that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。
It is I who am to blame [for the fault]. 正是我应该因这个过失而受责备。
It is you who are likely to win the contest.
可能贏这次—的正是你。
Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that it is human activities that are destroying rain forests. 或许令人颇受鼓舞的是有超过一半（59%)的学生确认人类活动正在摧毁雨林。
(4)强调句的疑问形式
①强调句式的一般疑问句是“Is/Was it+被强调 部分+that/who+句子剩余部分?”。
Was it [in this palace] that the last emperor died? 末代皇帝正是在这座宫殿里去世的吗？
Was it [because you were late] that you got scolded? 是因为你迟到才被责骂的吗？
②强调句式的特殊疑问句是“特殊疑问词（疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that+其他成分（用陈述句语序)？”强调句型的特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以被强调。
Who was it that won the US presidential election? 究竟是谁贏得了美国总统选举？
What is it that makes sport <so enjoyable for so many>? 究竟是什么使运动让那么多人如此享受？
(5) not...until...句型的强调句
其强调句式为：It is/was not until +被强调部分+ that+其他成分。
The traffic laws don’t take effect [until the end of the year]. 交通法要到年底才生效。
→It is [not until the end of the year] that the traffic laws take effect.
(6) 强调句型与定语从句的区别
It was eight o’clock [when I left home]. (定语从句）
It was [at eight o’clock] that I left home. (强调句）
It is this street (where I happened to meet him).
It is [in this street] that I happened to meet him.
一般来说，如果把句子中的It is/was...that/who...去掉，稍加调整语序，能还原成完整句子，并且句子意思依然完整，则为强调句型。
It is/has been+时间段+since…
(7) 强调句型与：It is/has been + 段时间 + since ...“自从……以来多久了”， It was/will be+时间段+before… “过了多久才……”
It has been a few decades [since the computer came into being].自从计算机问世已有几十年。
It was [a few decades ago] that the computer came into being. 几十年前计算机问世。
It was a few decades [before the computer came into being]. 过了几十年才问世。
例1 It was only when I got home two hours later _____ I realized I’d forgotten it.
解析 句意: 我回到家两个小时后才意识到我忘了它。考查强调句型。强调when引导的时间状语从句。故答案为that。
答案 that
例2 Between the two generations, it is often not their age, but their education _____ causes misunderstanding.
解析 句意: 在这两代人之间，引起误会的常常不是年龄而是教育。此处为强调句型“It is/was... that...”。被强调部分为not their age, but their education。
答案 that
2. do/does/did+动词原形
这种强调句型只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种，只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有疑问和否定形式,do/did/does在句中要重读。
First impressions really do count. 第一印象真的很重要。
People think the earth doesn’t move at all, but it does move.人们认为地球根本没有动，但它确实在动。
The letter (she was expecting) did arrive. 她盼望已久的那封信最终还是到了。
知识拓展
在祈使句中运用“do+动词原形”形式，往往不表命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。
Do come [on time] [next time]. 下次务必按时来。
I do hope you can give me a chance. 我确实希望你能给我一个机会。
3. What...is/was…这种句式也可以进行强调
What I am going to tell you is that you are already admitted to Peking University.
我将要告诉你的是你已经被北京大学录取了。
What John did last night was to prepare a long report. 约翰昨天晚上准备的是一篇长报告。
4. wh-ever表示强调
疑问词后加上-ever可以对疑问句进行强调，意为 “究竟”
Whatever are you going to do [this evening]? 今晚你究竟要干什么？
[Whenever] shall we meet [again]? 我们究竟什么时候才能再见面？
5. on earth, in the world 表示强调
上述短语可以置于疑问词之后，表示“到底”“究竟”，用来加强语气。
What on earth is the matter there? 那里究竟发生了什么事？
Where in the world could he be? 他到底会在哪儿？
6. 运用very, only, single等修饰词来进行强调
This is the very textbook (we used last term). 这正是我们上学期用过的教材。
You are the only person (here) (who can speak Chinese). 你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。
Not a single person has been in the shop [this morning]. 今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。
7. at     all作“完全，根本”解时，多用于否定句、条件句;若用于肯定句或疑问句，作“真的，确实”解
[If it were not for the sun], we could not live at all. 如果没有太阳，我们根本不能生存。
Do you feel ill at all? 你真的感觉不舒服吗？