2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（一）
一：词汇梳理
1. fury /ˈfjuəri / n.①愤怒②狂暴
2. undermine /ˌʌndəˈmaɪn /  vt.①侵蚀…的基础②暗中破坏
3. trial /ˈtraɪəl/ n.①审讯 ②考验
4. recognition /ˌrekəgˈnɪʃən/   n.①认出 ②承认③表彰
5. affection /əˈfekʃən/   n.①影响 ②慈爱
6. warfare /ˈwɔːfeə /n.①战争(状态) ②斗争
7. episode /ˈepɪsəud / n.①插曲②一集
8. fluid /ˈfluːɪd/ n.流体a.流动的
9. occurrence /əˈkʌrəns/  n.发生的事情，事件
10. beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəl/ a.有益的，有利的
11. denote /dɪˈnəut /  v.表示，意味着
12. dispatch /dɪˈspætʃ/ vt.派遣n.①(公文)急件②新闻报道
13. unique /juːˈniːk/   a.①唯一的 ②极不寻常的
14. substance /ˈsʌbstəns/   n.①物质 ②内容
15. intense /ɪnˈtens/  a.①剧烈的②紧张的
16. omit /əuˈmɪt/ vt.①省略②遗漏
17. promising /ˈprɔmɪsɪŋ /a.有希望的，有前途的
18. disrupt /dɪsˈrʌpt/   vt.弄乱，打乱
19. magnificent /mægˈnɪfɪsənt/  a.雄伟的，壮丽的
20. sum /sʌm/  n.①总数 ②算术vi.总结
21. summarize /ˈsʌməraɪz/ vt.概括，总结
22. involve /ɪnˈvɔlv / vt.①使卷入②包含
23. timely /ˈtaɪmli/  a.及时的，适时的
24. strive /straɪv/  vi.努力，奋斗
25. relevant /ˈrelɪvənt/ a.①有关的②适当的
26. recur /rɪˈkəː/ vi.①再次发生 ②重现
27. beforehand /bɪˈfɔːhænd / ad.预先，事先
28. reform /rɪˈfɔːm / vt./n.改革，改良
29. deport /dɪˈpɔːt / vt.把…驱逐出境
30. royalty /ˈrɔɪəlti/ n.①皇族②版税
二：短语梳理
1.be able to do sth能做某事  
  be unable to do sth不能做某事
have the ability to do sth 有做某事的能力
2.be absent from a meeting缺席会议   
be present at a meeting 出席会议
In the absence of sb/in sb’s absence 在某人不在时
3.be about to do sth….when 正要做…突然地
Was/were doing……when 正在做………突然地
had just done  ……when刚做完………突然地
4.go abroad 出国
5.above all 最重要的是 after all 毕竟  first of all 首先
6.be absorbed in  全神贯注于
7.have access to sb/sth/a place有机会有权利接近某人，利用某物，进入某地
8.take sth into account/consideration把……考虑进去
account for 解释，占…….（比例）
on account of 由于
On no account 绝不
9.accuse sb of sth指控=charge sb with sth
10.accompany sb to a place陪伴….去   
  keep sb company 陪伴某人
三：阅读训练
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源)for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park's red foxes, and completely drove away the park's beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
1.What is the text mainly about?
A.Wildlife research in the United States.
B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.
C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.
D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.
2.What does the underlined word“displaced”in paragraph 2 mean?                  
A.Tested.    B.Separated.     C.Forced out.    D.Tracked down.
3.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?
A.Damage to local ecology.
B.A decline in the park's income.
C.Preservation of vegetation.
D.An increase in the variety of animals.
4.What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?
A.Doubtful.      B.Positive.         C.Disapproving.      D.Uncaring.
答案
1.D　主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句为文章的主题句,文章围绕其展开,讲述的就是黄石国家公园再次引入灰狼这件事,故答案选D。
2.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句和第二句可知,答案选C。灰狼曾经在黄石地区随处可见,可后来由于人类的发展,该种群被渐渐驱离这里。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第三段可以推断灰狼的消失对生态造成了破坏。
4.B　推理判断题。由文章最后一段最后一句话中的a valuable experiment可知,作者觉得这个项目很有价值,说明作者的态度是积极的。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（二）
一：词汇梳理
1. infer   vt.推论，推断.
2. implicit  a.①含蓄的②毫无疑问的
3. explicit     a.①明确的②坦率的
4. hand a.①间接的②用过的
5. reputation      n.名声， 声望
6. fame     n.(好)声誉， 名望
7. responsible    a.①负有责任的②负责的③可靠的
8. represent     vt.①代表 ②标志③表现
9. representative     n.代表a.有 代表性的
10. worth     a.①值..钱的②值得.的n.价值
11. worthwhile     a.值得(做)的， 有用的
12. worthy     a.①值得 尊敬的②(of)值得..的
13. soak     v.浸泡，浸湿
14. witness      vt.①目击②作证n.①目击者②证人
15. bump     n.①碰撞(声)②隆起之处vi.①碰②颠簸着前进
16. lump     n.①块②肿块vt.把...归并在一起
17. former     a.以前的，在前的n.前者
18. latter     a.①后者的②后期的n.后者
19. cure    vt.①治愈②解决③加工处理n.①治愈②药物
20. remedy    vt.①治疗 ②纠正n.①药品②补救法
21. evidence     n.①根据②迹象
22. depend    vi.①依靠 ②信赖③取决于
23. independent   a.独立的，自主的
24. consist  ; vi.①由.. .组成②在于
25. consistent   a.①坚持的②稳定发展的
26. enclose   vt.①(用篱笆等)围住②(随函)附寄
27. clarify    vt.澄清， 阐明
28. reinforce  vt.增援,加强
29. unanimous  a.全体- -致的
30. literal  a.①字母的②文字的③呆板的
二：短语梳理
1 be accustomed to sth /doing习惯于做某事
2 by accident 偶然地=by chance
3 according to 根据
4 make sb’s acquaintance     
make the acquaintance of sb 结识某人
5 take action/take measures 采取行动、采取措施
6 adapt （oneself）to 适应
7 be adapted from改编自
8 be addicted to（doing）sth沉迷于
9 in addition此外加之      in addition to除此之外
10  add A to B把A加入B中   
Add to 增加  Add up加起来   Add up to 加起来 
三：阅读练习
On the morning of September 7th, 19-year-old Ryan Harris and 40-year-old Stonie Huffman, two Sitka, Alaska residents, took off on their 28-foot boat in search of fish. Two miles into the ocean, their boat began to have some problems. They managed to fix the problems, but decided to head back to shore anyway. However, before they could call for help or grab a life jacket, an eight-foot wave slammed hard against their boat and overturned it, throwing both men into the cold Alaskan waters.
Stranded, they began to look around to see what they could grab onto and saw a couple of empty fishing boxes from the boat, floating around. Ryan managed to climb inside one. Stonie, however, was not as lucky and managed to only grab onto the lid of the box. Soon, they both started drifting apart.
While Ryan continued to bob up and down in the box, the waves started carrying Stonie away. But as luck would have it, he caught sight of one of the life suits from their boat floating in the ocean and managed to grab it. Though putting it on and hanging onto the lid at the same time was not an easy task, Stonie managed it and then began his long swim back to shore. He ended up on a deserted patch of land about 25 miles northwest of Sitka, where he had to wait until Saturday morning almost 24 hours after the fishing trip began, for rescuers to find him.
Meanwhile, 19-year-old Ryan continued to drift around the ocean trying to stay alive and hoping someone would find him. The brave teenager repeated himself over and over again, “I'm Ryan Hunter Harris and I'm not going to die here.” He was sure he would be rescued. Two hours after his friend was rescued and able to guide the Coast Guard and, 26 hours after the adventure began, Ryan was finally found and brought back to shore. What was amazing was that except a few scratches, the youngster was in perfect health. Will he ever venture out on a fishing trip again? Only time will tell!
1.We learn that on Ryan and Stonie's way back to shore,  　. 
A.they had expected they would encounter danger
B.they were struck by a big wave all of a sudden
C.they tried to fix the problems of their boat
D.they were frightened by many big waves
2.What does the underlined word“Stranded” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Trapped.                 B.Injured.
C.Encouraged.    D.Puzzled.
3.Paragraph 4 shows when Ryan was drifting around the ocean, he  　. 
A.was frightened     B.amused himself
C.became hopeless    D.stayed positive

答案
1.B　细节理解题。由第一段中的However, before they could call for help or grab a life jacket, an eight-foot wave slammed hard against their boat and overturned it, throwing both men into the cold Alaskan waters.可知,Ryan和Stonie在返航途中被一个突如其来的大浪击中,故选B项。
2.A　词义猜测题。由they began to look around to see what they could grab onto and saw a couple of empty fishing boxes from the boat, floating around可知他们被困在大海中,故选A项。
3.D　推理判断题。由第四段中的The brave teenager repeated himself over and over again, “I'm Ryan Hunter Harris and I'm not going to die here.” He was sure he would be rescued.可推断出Ryan在大海中漂泊的时候,他表现得很乐观,故选D项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（三）
一：词汇梳理
1. lobby/ˈlɔbi/  n.①前厅 ②(会议)休息厅v.游说
2. threat/θret/  n.①威胁②凶兆
3. threaten /ˈθretn/  vt.①威胁②预示(不好的事)
4.concede/kənˈsiːd/  v.承认
5. benefit/ˈbenɪfɪt/  n.好处vt.有益于
6. border /ˈbɔːdə/  n.①边(沿) ②边界v.①与…接壤②接近
7. boundary /ˈbaundəri/  n.分界线，边界
8. frontier /ˈfrʌntɪə/  n.①国界②新领域
9.behave/bɪˈheɪv/  vi.①表现②作出反应
10.impress /ɪmˈpres/  vt.①盖印②留下印象
11. rare /reə/   a.①稀有的②(空气)稀薄的
12. scarce /skeə/  a.①缺乏的②稀少的
13. alter/ˈɔːltə/  v.(使)改变vt.改（服装）
14. vary /ˈveəri/  v.改变，（使）多样化
15. distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ/  v.辨别vt.使有别于，使有特色
16. distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/  a.①截然不同的 ②清楚的
17. distinctive /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/  a.有特色的
18. region /ˈriːdʒən/  n.地区，区域
19. zone /zəun/  n.地区vt.分区
20. critical /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/  a.①批评的 ②挑剔的 ③危急的 ④关键的
21. criticism /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/  n.①批评 ②评论
22. criticize /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/  v.批评，指责vt.评论
23. regard /rɪˈgɑːd/  vt.①把…看作 ②注视n.①尊重②致意③注意
24. regardless /rɪˈgɑːdləs/  ad.①(of)无论如何②不管
25. fine① /faɪn/  a.①健康的 ②很好的 ③细致的
26. fine② /faɪn/  vt.处…以罚金n.罚金，罚款
27. refine/rɪˈfaɪn/  vt.①精炼②改善
28. interact /ˌɪntərˈækt/  vi.①互相作用②交流
29. react /riˈækt/  vi.①作出反应②反对
30. imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/  vt.①暗示②意味着 ③必然包含…
二：短语梳理
1 adjust to调整以适应
2 admit doing sth承认做了某事 
be admitted to/into被录取 准许进入
3  in advance 提前
4 have an advantage over sb有超越某人的优势  
take advantage of 利用
5 advise doing sth 建议做      
advise sb to do 建议某人做
6  afford sth/ to do sth负担的起
7 again and again 反复
8  look after照顾=take care of 
be named after 以……命名 
be modeled after 模仿    run after追赶追求
9after school/class放学/下课后 
day after day日复一日
10  in the afternoon在下午 
on the afternoon of may1在五月一日的下午
On a sunny afternoon在一个阳光明媚的下午
三：阅读训练
The World Health Organization says that the disease polio is no longer widespread in India. In 2009, half of the world's cases of polio were there. But in 2011, there was only one new case of polio in the country.
Polio is caused by a virus. It spreads very quickly from one person to another. Victims often lose the use of their arms and legs. In the most serious cases, polio can kill a person.
Twenty-five years ago, polio affected about 200,000 children in India each year. The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, UNICEF, sent teams of health workers into local villages. Team members told families in their neighborhood about the importance of giving liquid medicine to children to protect them against polio.
But it was not easy at first. A member said, “They used to think that their children will not be able to have children when they grow up if they get the drop. They used to think like this. But now they don't. Now they allow their kids to get the drops.” Now things have changed. Asma Khatun is a mother in the town of Ghaziabad in the northern state of Utter Pradesh. She said, “Whenever anyone comes, we get the children vaccinated(接种疫苗). Even if nobody comes to our house, we would send our children to a clinic to get vaccinated.
A local Muslim leader says the vaccination campaign has been successful because it is supported by religious leaders. He said, “The polio vaccination campaign has been successful here because our Muslim scholars are with us.
With their support, we are able to make people understand that giving children the vaccine is beneficial and crucial.”
The Indian government has now launched a new campaign to vaccinate 170 million children under the age of five. The campaign will target newborn babies, migrants and people living in poor, crowded areas where the disease spreads more quickly.
1.What is the writer's purpose in writing the passage?
A.To tell the world how to fight against polio.
B.To tell us good news about fighting against polio in India.
C.To prove that with good methods polio can be prevented.
D.To explain why people in India are no longer afraid of polio.
2.We learn that when parents in India were first advised to get their children vaccinated, they  . 
A.didn't believe it could prevent polio
B.became relaxed and believed it would work
C.were afraid it would do harm to their children
D.were afraid it would make their children die
3.What is Muslim leaders' attitude towards getting children vaccinated now?
A.Supportive.          B.Negative.
C.Uncaring.         D.Worried.
4.We know from the last paragraph that the new campaign  　. 
A.was started by the World Health Organization
B.is successful mainly because of the Muslim scholars
C.is aimed at 170 million children under the age of five
D.mainly targets people living in poor and crowded areas
答案
1.A　写作意图题。由第一段中的The World Health Organization says that the disease polio is no longer widespread in India. In 2009,half of the world's cases of polio were there. But in 2011, there was only one new case of polio in the country.可知作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉人们全世界是如何打败脊髓灰质炎这种疾病的,故选A项。
2.C　推理判断题。由第四段中的They used to think that their children will not be able to have children when they grow up if they get the drop. They used to think like this.可知当印度的家长第一次被建议给他们的孩子接种疫苗时,他们担心疫苗会伤害他们的孩子,故选C项。
3.A　推理判断题。由第五段中的A local Muslim leader says the vaccination campaign has been successful because it is supported by religious leaders.可推断出伊斯兰教的领袖对孩子们接种疫苗持支持态度,故选A。
4.C　细节理解题。由最后一段中的The Indian government has now launched a new campaign to vaccinate 170 million children under the age of five.可知选C。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（四）
一：词汇梳理
1. confirm /kənˈfəːm/  vt.①证实②批准
2. verify /ˈverɪfaɪ/  vt.①证明②核实
3. stream /striːm/  n.①小河②流 vi.流出
4. educate /ˈedjukeɪt/  vt.教育，训练
5. instruct /ɪnˈstrʌkt/  vt.①教授②指示③通知
6. associate /əˈsəuʃieɪt/  vi.结交 vt.联系 n.同事 a.副的
7. necessity /nɪˈsesɪti/  n.①必要性②必需品
8. considerable /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/  a.相当大(或多)的
9. considerate /kənˈsɪdərɪt/  a.考虑周到的，体贴的
10. considering /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ/  prep. /conj.就…而言，考虑到
11. clap /klæp/  v.拍手 n.拍(手)
12. notion /ˈnəuʃən/  n.概念，观念
13. bond /bɔnd/  n.①结合②纽带③债券
14. liable /ˈlaɪəbəl/  a.①有责任的②有…倾向的
15. import /ˈɪmpɔːt/  vt.进口 n.①进口②进口商品③重要(性)
16. export /ˈekspɔːt/  v.出口 n.出口(物)
17. screen /skriːn/  n.①屏风②屏幕③纱窗 vt.①遮蔽②甄别
18. assess /əˈses/  vt.①估价②评定
19. enrich /ɪnˈrɪtʃ/  vt.①使富足②使充实
20. facility /fəˈsɪlɪti/  n.①设备②天赋
21. facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/  vt.使便利，促进
22. elaborate /ɪˈlæbərɪt/  v.详细说明 a.详尽的
23. behalf /bɪˈhɑːf/  n.利益
24. category /ˈkætɪgəri/  n.种类，类目
25. parade /pəˈreɪd/  n.①游行②阅兵式 vi.列队行进 v.检阅 vt.展示
26. catalog(ue) /ˈkætəlɔg/  n.①目录(册) ②一系列 vt.将…编入目录
27. establish /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/  vt.①建立②确定③安置
28. transfer /trænsˈfə/  v.①转移②转车 vt.转让 n.①转移②转车
29. cope /kəʊp/  vi.对付，应付
30. outset /ˈautset/  n.开始，开端
二：短语梳理
31 at the age of five在5岁时 
in the age of information在信息时代
32 two days ago两天前
33 agree with sb 同意某人 /（气候，食物）适宜某人
agree on sth双方就...达成一致   
agree to sth同意(计划 建议 安排)
agree to do sth同意做     
I can’t agree more 再同意不过了
34  ahead of time 提前时间        Go ahead 请吧 做吧 
35 fight against 抵抗 反抗 与……作斗争
against the blue sky 在蓝天的映衬下
press one’s face against the glass脸贴着玻璃
36   come to one’s  aid来救某人
37 sb aim to do 旨在做什么   sth be aimed at  旨在……
38  in the open air在户外
39 sth look alike看起来一样     look like sth 看起来像
40 be allergic to 对……过敏
三：阅读训练
The minute you start talking about what you're going to do if you lose, you have lost.
Some people have a great fear of losing. In fact, fear is not the best description of what they have. It is more like a crazy phobia(恐惧症) that they cannot keep away from. Day after day, these people allow their fear of losing to control everything in their lives. They are so afraid of losing that they try to keep away from losing without considering the cost of doing so. 
When things start to get out of control, fear begins to come in. As the fear of losing or getting hurt overwhelms(充溢) them, they quickly look for excuses, rather than fight back or find a way to deal with their fear. They never realize that losing is just as common as eating and breathing.
If one is given a choice, who wouldn't prefer winning over losing? After all, winning is exciting and winning is what living is all about. Although we might try hard all the time, we're not going to win every time. In fact, most of us are going to lose a lot more often than we win and, believe it or not, it's not all bad.
In order to make the most of our abilities, we have to take risks every now and then. When we take risks, we might get knocked down, or even knocked flat, but with each failure and each loss, we have an opportunity to get better and get closer to the life we expect.
1.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A.The Bad Effects of Losing
B.Make the Most of Every Success
C.We Win Some and We Lose Some
D.Winning Is the Main Purpose in Life
2.By saying the underlined sentence “They are so afraid...” in Paragraph 2, the author means  　. 
A.one should avoid losing by using any kind of means
B.one is too afraid to deal with losing properly by himself
C.one is so afraid of losing that he can't step forward at all
D.one should make efforts to deal with losing rather than avoid it
3.We can know from the passage that  　. 
A.fear works most when one is eager to win
B.losing is a common part of our daily lives
C.one should avoid losing without considering the cost
D.the more losing one experiences, the stronger one will become
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Losing is of great value to success.
B.The more we fear, the better we will perform.
C.Only when we improve our abilities can we win.
D.Only through experiencing losing can we get what we want.
答案
1.C　主旨大意题。由全文的主题句Although we might try hard all the time, we're not going to win every time. In fact, most of us are going to lose a lot more often than we win and, believe it or not, it's not all bad.可知这篇文章主要讲了有时候我们会赢,有时候我们会输,故选C项。
2.D　推理判断题。这句话的意思是他们是如此害怕失败,以至于他们尽力远离失败,而他们并不考虑这样做的代价。这句话暗含的意思是一个人应该努力面对失败,而不是避免失败,故选D项。
3.B　细节理解题。由第三段中的They never realize that losing is just as common as eating and breathing.可知失败是我们日常生活中很普通的一个部分,故选B项。
4.A　推理判断题。由最后一段中的When we take risks, we might get knocked down, or even knocked flat, but with each failure and each loss, we have an opportunity to get better and get closer to the life we expect.可推断出失败对于成功来说很有价值,故选A项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（五）
一：词汇梳理
1. troop /tru:p/ n.①军队②(一)群vi.成群结队而行
2. storage/' sto:rrd3/ n.①贮藏②保管
3. thereby /δea'bar/ ad.因此，从而
4. retell/ ,ri:'tel/ vt.再讲，复述
5. mobile 1 'moubarl/ a. 可移动的n.移动电话
6. tutor/' tju:ta/ n.①指导教师②家庭教师v.个别指导
7. reasonable / ri:zangbal/ a.①合理的②通情达理的③公道的
8. wrap/raep/ vt.包， 裹n.罩在外面的衣物
9. upright/' Aprart/ a./ ad.①垂直的(地)②正直的(地)
10. monument /' monjumont/ n.纪念碑，纪念馆
11. revenue / revmnju:/ n.①收入(尤指岁入)②税收
12. sequence /'si:kwans/ n.①顺序②- -连串相关事件③连续镜头
13. subtract /sab traekt/ vt.减(去)
14. weaken/ wi:kan/ v.①(使)变弱②(使)虚弱
15. usage /ju:sid3/ n.①用法②惯用法
16. supreme /su:' pri:m/ a.①至高的②最重要的
17. harsh /ha:f/ a.①粗糙而使人不舒服的②严厉的③恶劣的
18. singular /' sIngjvla/ a①单数的②非凡的
19. sponge /spand3/ vi.揩油
20. relax /rI' laeks/ v.①(使)松弛②放宽
21. worship/'wafIp/ vt./ n.崇拜v.(做)礼拜n.礼拜(仪式)
22. sophisticated/sa' fistrkertid/ a.①老练的②精密的③高雅的
23. transaction /tran 'zakfan/ n.交易，业务
24. survey /' sa:veI/ vt. /n.①测量(图)②全面审视
25. sharpen /'fa:pan/ v.(使)锋利vt.①使(某种感觉)增强②使提高
26. respective /rI spektrv/. a.各自的，分别的
27. preference /' prefrens/ n.①喜爱②偏爱的事物③优先选择
28. preferable /' preforabal/ a. 更可取的，更好的
29. adopt /a 'dopt/ vt.①采用②收养③通过
30. adapt /e' daept/ v.(使 )适应vt.改编，改写
二：短语梳理
1 a live show一个现场直播节目
2 all of a sudden =suddenly 突然地   
all in all总的来说
do all one can （do）to do sth 尽力做...
3 allow doing sth允许做     allow sb to do 允许某人做
4   and so on等等
5 the distance between people 人们之间的距离（三个以上两两之间）
6 get on/along with sb/sth与……相处 进展
7 have no alternative/choice but to do sth别无选择只好做………
8  a large amount of 大量的+不可数   
large amounts of （+不可数）
the amount of money钱的数量  
amount to达到
9  the answer to the question问题的答案
用to不用of的还有
the entrance to the hall     the key to the door
the key to solving the problem    the road to success
the access to the village     the approach to（doing）） sth
10  apart from除……之外
三：阅读训练
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is mostly desert. However, this has not stopped the country from creating great building projects. On September 26, UAE officials announced another ambitious project—Mars Science City. Expansive deserts and miles of coastlines provide plenty of options for safe rocket launches (发射). And its position on the Earth makes it especially appealing as the spin of the Earth provides an extra push, meaning less fuel is needed to get payloads into orbit. All these seem to make it possible.
The Mars City Project, designed by Bjarke Ingels Group, or BIG, will provide a realistic model to simulate (模仿) living on the surface of Mars, the red planet. It is part of the UAE's Mars 2117 Project to lead the global race to land humans on Mars and be the first to build a settlement there. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid, Prime Minister and ruler of Dubai, says, “The UAE seeks international support to develop technologies that benefit humans, and lay the foundation of a better future for more generations to come.”
Built outside Dubai, the 1.9 million square feet city is expected to cost $135 million. It will consist of several dome-shaped laboratories, similar to the ones imagined for the first Mars settlers. Scientists from around the world will be invited to conduct research to come up with methods to create food, water and energy, using techniques which can be copied onto the red planet. The living spaces, where the researchers can live for up to a year, will simulate the planet's conditions as much as possible.
The research city will also include a museum featuring famous space achievements to help educate and inspire children to undertake space exploration and discovery. To discover whether the construction method works on Mars, the museum's walls will be 3D printed using the sand from the nearby desert. Now, if they would only add some living quarters for the general public to experience life on Mars without leaving Earth, life would be perfect.
1.What can we conclude from the United Arab Emirates?
A.It is short of fine weather.
B.It is a nice place for launching.
C.It can provide adequate fuel supply.
D.It has the greatest architects in the world.
2.What will scientists do in the laboratories?
A.Educate visitors on trips to Mars.
B.Develop the Mars settlers' imagination.
C.Find ways to produce food, water and energy on Mars.
D.Create a climate-controlled environment for future use.
3.Why will the museum's walls be 3D printed?
A.To show famous space techniques.
B.To make full use of the nearby desert.
C.To inspire children to love exploration.
D.To test building skills used by Mars settlers.
4.What's the best title for the text?
A.UAE to Build Mars Science City
B.UAE's Great Exploration of Mars
C.UAE to Build the First Mars Settlement
D.UAE's Scientific Contribution to Humans
答案
1.B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中And its position on the Earth makes it especially appealing as the spin of the Earth provides an extra push, meaning less fuel is needed to get payloads into orbit.可知,阿拉伯联合酋长国的地理位置为其进行安全的火箭发射提供了便利条件,故选B项。
2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中Scientists from around the world will be invited to conduct research to come up with methods to create food, water and energy, using techniques which can be copied onto the red planet. 可知科学家实验的内容是找出在火星上制造食物、水和能源的方法, 故选C 项。
3.D　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中To discover whether the construction method works on Mars, the museum's walls will be 3D printed using the sand from the nearby desert. 可知,墙壁用3D打印是为了发现这种建造方法在火星上是否适用,故选D项。
4.A　主旨大意题。通读文章第一段可以看出文章主要介绍了阿拉伯联合酋长国利用自己的地理优势进行火星科学城建设项目,故选A项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（六）
一：词汇梳理
1.  removal /rɪˈmuːvəl/  n.①除去②移动，迁居
2.  practically /ˈpræktɪkli/  ad.①几乎②实际上
3.  moist /mɔɪst/  a.潮湿的，湿润的
4.  obvious /ˈɔbviəs/  a.显而易见的，明显的
5.  retain /rɪˈteɪn/  vt.保持，保留
6.  neighbo(u)rhood /ˈneɪbəhud/  n.①四邻②接近
7.  strategy /ˈstrætɪdʒi/  n.战略，策略
8.  ultimate /ˈʌltɪmɪt/ a.①最后的②根本的 n.终极
9.  yield /jiːld/  vi.①屈服②倒塌  vt.①产出②让出  n.产量
10. violate /ˈvaɪəleɪt/  vt.①违反②侵犯③亵渎
11. tame /teɪm/  a.①驯服的②沉闷的  vt.①驯服②制服
12. riot /ˈraɪət/  n.暴动，骚动
13. bloom /bluːm/  n.①(供观赏的)花(朵) ②开花(期)  vi.①开花②繁荣
14. blossom /ˈblɔsəm/  n.花 vi.①开花②健康地成长③兴旺
15. sweep /swiːp/  vt.①打扫②席卷 v.掠过  n.①打扫②挥动
16. affect /əˈfekt/  vt.①影响② (在感情方面)打动
17. affection /əˈfekʃən/  n.①影响②感情
18. effect/ɪˈfekt/  n.影响 vt.使产生
19. preparation /ˌprepəˈreɪʃən/  n.①准备(工作) ②配制剂
20. march /mɑːtʃ/  n./ vi.行军，行进
21. stake /steɪk/  n.①桩②利害关系③赌注  vt.以…打赌
22. accord /əˈkɔːd/  n.①一致②谅解 vi.(与…)一致 vt.赠与
23. accordance /əˈkɔːdəns/  n.一致，和谐
24. accordingly /əˈkɔːdɪŋli/  ad.①照着(办) ②因此
25. cube /kjuːb/  n.①立方形②立方
26. whereas /weərˈæz/  conj.而，却，反之
27. spiritual /ˈspɪrɪtʃuəl/  a.①精神(上)的②宗教的
28. render /ˈrendə/  vt.①给予②翻译③使得
29. technology /tekˈnɔlədʒi/  n.工艺，技术
30. weep /wiːp/  vi. (为…)哭泣  n.一阵哭泣
二：短语梳理
1 apologize to sb for sth因……向某人道歉 make an apology to sb for sth
2 sth appeal to sb吸引   
appeal to sb to do sth呼吁某人做
3  sth apply to sb适用于   
apply A toB把A应用于B   
apply for a job 申请工作
4  appreciate doing sth感激……  
I’d appreciate it if………如果………我将不胜感激
5 the approach to（doing）sth做某事的方法
the way to do sth 
6 as for至于
7 approve sth批准某事    approve of sth同意赞同某事
8  be armed with sth 武装着……
9  join the army 参军
10 arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事
三：阅读训练
Disney has picked Chinese actor Liu Yifei to play Mulan in an upcoming film, following accusations of Hollywood of “whitewashing”.
Several Hollywood films have faced criticism in recent months of featuring white actors in Asian roles. Recent films accused of whitewashing include the Hollywood remake of Japanese anime Ghost in the Shell, which had Scarlett Johansson in the main role which was originally Japanese, and Chinese epic The Great Wall which starred Matt Damon as its lead character. Earlier this year, British actor Ed Skrein who was cast as an Asian character in the upcoming Hellboy remake pulled out of the film so that the role could be “cast appropriately”. It then went to Korean-American actor Daniel Dae Kim.
The live-action adaptation of the 1998 cartoon movie will tell the tale of the well-known Chinese heroine Hua Mulan. Mulan pretended to be a man to fight in the army to spare her weak father from being forced into the army.
The film has been under careful examination since it was announced that Disney intended to remake Mulan. An online campaign calling for an Asian actress in the role attracted more than 100,000 signatures before it was shut on Thursday.
Liu, nicknamed “Fairy Sister” for her delicate looks and previous roles in fantasy dramas, is well-known as an actress, model and singer in China. The 30-year-old is said to be fluent in English, having grown up partly in New York. The Hollywood reporter said she was picked out from nearly 1,000 candidates for the film.
Disney's announcement on its blog about Liu's casting was met with delight on Twitter as well as on Sina Weibo, China's microblogging network. Many online celebrated it as a win for diversity in Disney films. Chinese-American actress Ming-Na Wen, who voiced Mulan in the original animated movie, also gave her stamp of approval. Chinese netizens congratulated Liu, with many praising Disney's choice. One commenter said, “Needs to know martial arts, can also speak English, and has star quality—it definitely should be Liu Yifei.”
1. Which actor or actress is non-white?
A.Scarlett Johansson.      B.Matt Damon.
C.Ed Skrein.                   D.Daniel Dae Kim.
2. What is true about the upcoming film Mulan?
A.It is a cartoon film.
B.It is set in ancient China.
C.It has drawn little attention from the public.
D.It is disliked by audience for being cast by a white actress.
3. After Disney's announcement,    . 
A.every American was pleased
B.the Chinese government felt honored
C.most fans welcomed the decision
D.more people bought tickets
4. Which section of a website is the text from?
A.Education.                  B.Science.
C.Entertainment.     D.Business.
答案
1.D　推理判断题。由第二段中的It then went to Korean-American actor Daniel Dae Kim.可知Daniel Dae Kim不是白种人,故选D项。
2.B　推理判断题。花木兰是中国历史人物,因此电影《木兰》应是以古代的中国为背景的,故选B。
3.C　细节理解题。由最后一段中的Disney's announcement on its blog about Liu's casting was met with delight on Twitter as well as on Sina Weibo, China's microblogging network. Many online celebrated it as a win for diversity in Disney films.可知对于迪士尼的宣告,大多数粉丝都乐意接受这个决定,选C。
4.C　文章出处题。本文主要讲了即将拍摄的电影《木兰》,迪士尼决定选用中国演员刘亦菲扮演木兰。所以这篇文章最可能出现在网站的娱乐版块,故选C项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（七）
一：词汇梳理
1.  risk /rɪsk/  vt.冒…的危险 n.冒险
2.  venture /ˈventʃə/  n.冒险事业 v.冒险
3.  restore /rɪˈstɔː /  vt.①恢复②归还③修复
4.  utter /ˈʌtə/  a.彻底的
5.  convict /kənˈvɪkt/  vt.(经审讯)证明…有罪 n.囚犯
6.  conviction /kənˈvɪkʃən/  n.①确信②说服③定罪
7.  solve /sɔlv/  vt.解决，解答
8.  resolve /rɪˈzɔlv/  vt.①解决②下决心n.决心
9.  previous /ˈpriːviəs/  a.先前的，以往的
10.  prior /ˈpraɪə/  a.在前的，优先的
11.  preceding /prɪˈsiːdɪŋ/  a.在先的，在前的
12.  intimidate /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/  vt.恐吓,威胁
13.  rack /ræk/  n.搁物架 vt.使痛苦
14.  plot /plɔt/  n.①密谋②情节  v.密谋 vt.绘制
15.  recur /rɪˈkəː /  vi.再发生，重现
16.  spectacular /spekˈtækjʊlə/  a.壮观的 n.壮观的演出
17.  resent /rɪˈzent/  vt.对…感到愤恨，不满
18.  rage /reɪdʒ/  n.愤怒 v.发怒
19.  liar /ˈlaɪə/  n.说谎的人
20.  rally /ˈræli/  v.①集合②重新振作 n.①集会②恢复
21.  possess /pəˈzes/  vt.占有，拥有
22.  merit /ˈmerɪt/  n.①优点②功绩③优秀品质
23.  retreat /rɪˈtriːt/  vi./ n.①撤退②退缩
24.  structure /ˈstrʌktʃə/  n.①结构②建筑物 vt.构造
25.  recall /rɪˈkɔːl/  v.回忆 vt.召回
26.  troublesome /ˈtrʌbəlsəm/  a.令人烦恼的,引起麻烦的
27.  presentation /ˌprezənˈteɪʃən/  n.①提出②拿出③表演
28.  stride /straɪd/  vi.大步行走 n.①大步②进步
29.  underline /ˌʌndəˈlaɪn/  vt.①在…下面画线②强调
30.  substance /ˈsʌbstəns/  n.①物质②内容
二：短语梳理
1 arise from/out of ……由……引起
2  arrive in/at 到达   get to  到达      reach到达  vt.    On his arrival 他一到达……就
3 be ashamed of 对……羞愧
4 fall a sleep 入睡
5 associate A with B 把A和B联系起来   
associate with sb 与……交往
6 attach sth to sth把……附在……什么上 
be attached to 附属于 依恋
attach importance to sth 重视……
7 pay attention to（doing）sth注意
attempt to do sth / make an attempt to do sth 试图尝试做
8 as if/as though仿佛好像
9 as usual和往常一样
10 as well 也      as well as 和
三：阅读训练
Research has shown that nearly 90 percent of traffic accidents are caused by human errors. So our aim is a fully autonomous car that gets rid of the cause of most accidents: the driver. Researcher Hodgson points out, “For safety, the faster you can remove humans, the better, even if there are unfortunately a few accidents from new causes. It's a question of balancing the number injured or killed by autonomous vehicles with the people whose lives are potentially saved.”
It's an idea that Elon Musk, chief executive of electric car company Tesla Motors, has long believed. His company are determined to be the first to deliver a fully autonomous vehicle to consumers. Last year, Musk announced that Tesla's 2017 goal was “to do an example drive of full autonomy all the way from LA to New York...and have the car park itself.”
However, even Tesla admits that there are problems to overcome—the software needs further validation and the appropriate regulatory approval needs to be in place. Indeed, recent crashes of Tesla vehicles and Google cars confirm that the software isn't ready yet.
The UK government appears to encourage the development of autonomous vehicles. It's supporting four city trials, publishing the Modern Transport Bill to reduce red tape around their introduction and adapting the legal system to take into account problems such as insurance liability when a human isn't in control of a vehicle.
The insurance industry is similarly eager to help increase autonomy in cars. As the Association of British Insurers (ABI) points out, “More than 90 percent of road accidents are caused by human errors.” This costs motor insurers a shocking ￡20m per day in claims.
1.What difficulty does the company Tesla Motors have?
A.New inventions may cause more injuries and deaths.
B.The company lacks confidence to make new creations.
C.The software should be made officially acceptable.
D.The traffic regulation has proved unreasonable.
2. What is the UK government's attitude to autonomous cars?
A.Ambiguous.    B.Positive.
C.Cautious.                  D.Disapproving.
3. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.Insurance companies would like to support autonomous cars.
B.Human mistakes may be the key cause of traffic accidents.
C.Traffic accidents wastes insurance companies quite a lot.
D.Motorists are surprised to hear about autonomous cars.
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A.To show his deep love for autonomous cars.
B.To introduce a new development in technology.
C.To amuse readers with funny examples.
D.To provide a persuasive argument against autonomy.
答案
1.C　细节理解题。由第三段中的However, even Tesla admits that there are problems to overcome—the software needs further validation and the appropriate regulatory approval needs to be in place.可知特斯拉汽车公司遇到的问题是软件应该被制作得更容易接受,故选C项。
2.B　意图态度题。由第四段中的The UK government appears to encourage the development of autonomous vehicles.可知英国政府对于自主汽车的态度是积极的,故选B 项。ambiguous含糊的,模棱两可的;cautious小心谨慎的;disapproving反对的,不满的。
3.A　段落大意题。由最后一段中的The insurance industry is similarly eager to help increase autonomy in cars.可知主要讲了保险公司支持自主汽车,故选A项。
4.B　写作意图题。本文主要讲了汽车公司正在研发无人驾驶的自主汽车,所以作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一项新的技术发展,故选B项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（八）
一：词汇梳理
1.  staff  /stɑːf/  n.①全体工作人员②参谋部 vt.配备工作人员
2.  stuff  /stʌf/  n.原料 vt.①填满②让…吃饱
3.  consequence  /ˈkɔnsɪkwəns/  n.①结果②重要性
4.  saving /ˈseɪvɪŋ/  n.①节省物②储蓄金
5.  journal  /ˈdʒəːnl/  n.①期刊②日志
6.  compute  /kəmˈpjuːt/  v.计算，估计
7.  modify  /ˈmɔdɪfaɪ/  vt.①更改②修饰
8.  intend  /ɪnˈtend/  vt.想要，打算
9.  exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/  vt.①超出②超越
10.  excess /ɪkˈses/  n.过量/ˈekses/ a.过量的
11.  permission /pəˈmɪʃən/  n.允许，同意
12.  layout  /ˈleɪaut/  n.布局，陈设
13.  promising  /ˈprɔmɪsɪŋ/  a.大有希望的
14.  recognition  /ˌrekəgˈnɪʃən/  n.①认出②承认③表彰
15.  session  /ˈseʃən/  n.①一届(会议) ②(从事某项活动的)一段时间
16.  realistic  /rɪəˈlɪstɪk/  a.①现实的②逼真的
17.  publish  /ˈpʌblɪʃ/  vt.①公布②出版
18.  preliminary  /prɪˈlɪmɪnəri/  a.初步的
19.  nonsense  /ˈnɔnsəns/  n.废话，胡说
20.  magnificent  /mægˈnɪfɪsənt/  a.雄伟的，壮丽的
21.  instal(l) /ɪnˈstɔːl/  vt.安装，设置
22.  recession  /rɪˈseʃən/  n.(经济)衰退
23.  statement /ˈsteɪtmənt/  n.①陈述②结算单
24.  restless  /ˈrestləs/  a.①焦躁不安的②运动不止的③无眠的
25.  online  /ˈɔnlaɪn/  ad./ a.在线(的)，联机(的)
26.  thirst  /θəːst/  n.①渴②渴望 vi.渴望,渴求
27. principle  /ˈprɪnsɪpl/  n.①原理②(行为)准则③道德原则
28.  principal  /ˈprɪnsɪpəl/  a.首要的 n.①负责人②资本
29.  emphasis  /ˈemfəsɪs/  n.①强调②重要性
30.  emphasize  /ˈemfəsaɪz/  vt.强调，着重
二：短语梳理
1  at an end 结束at present现在 at risk 冒险 at war 在战争中
at dusk 在黄昏 at dawn在黎明at ease 舒适自在at most 至多 at least至少 
2  one’s attitude towards/to sth 某人对某事的态度
3  on average 平均的
4 avoid doing sth避免做
5 award sb sth/sth to sb 颁发/授予某人某物
6  be aware of 意识到
7 a ban on smoking  禁烟令  
ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
8  base A on B      
A is based on B  A基于B  
On the basis of 在...的基础上
9  a balanced diet 均衡的饮食  
Keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去某人的平衡
10  be back on one’s feet 恢复复原
三：阅读训练
Famous Modern Chinese Buildings
Beijing International Airport
The first place most visitors see when they arrive in China is Beijing International Airport. The airport was constructed in the 1950s. It has an indoor garden, a children's playground, and over 70 food businesses in Terminal 3 alone.
Shanghai World Financial Center
Completed in 2008, SWFC took over 10 years to complete due to financial shortages and construction delays. Since its completion, it has won countless architectural awards.
Tourists are welcome at SWFC's viewing platform, which at 474 meters above ground is the world's highest closed viewing platform.
The Water Cube
It was constructed for use during the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics. Now visitors can express surprise at the architecture of the building. They can enjoy the indoor atmosphere as well.
Among the offerings of the Water Cube are a restaurant and bar, a shopping area, and Water World, a family water park.
The Bird's Nest, Beijing
It was designed mainly for the 2008 Summer Olympics. It can hold up to 80,000 people and has been used for a winter theme park. Nowadays, its main income is as a tourist attraction. It draws more than 20,000 tourists every day.
National Center for the Performing Arts
It was completed in 2007. The building is surrounded by a man-made lake, requiring guests to enter via an underground hallway. It is home to an Opera Hall, Music Hall, and Theater.
1.Which of the following buildings was first constructed?
A.Beijing International Airport.
B.Shanghai World Financial Center.
C.The Water Cube.
D.The Bird's Nest, Beijing.
2.Why was the construction of Shanghai World Financial Center delayed?
A.It needed more construction workers.
B.It was short of adequate money.
C.It added an extra viewing platform.
D.It faced too much terrible weather.
3.How does the Bird's Nest operate daily?
A.By renting the winter theme park.
B.By increasing its opening time.
C.By charging tourists for admission fees.
D.By giving some live concerts.
4.What can you do in the National Center for the Performing Arts?
A.Enjoy sports events.
B.Play musical instruments.
C.Attend science lectures.
D.Watch different performances.
答案
1.A　细节理解题。纵观题目中所给的四个著名的中国现代建筑可知Beijing International Airport(The airport was constructed in the 1950s.)是最早的建筑。故选A项。
2.B　细节理解题。根据Shanghai World Financial Center中Completed in 2008, SWFC took over 10 years to complete due to financial shortages and construction delays.可知,由于资金短缺,上海环球金融中心的建设拖延。根据句意可知选B。
3.C　细节理解题。根据The Bird's Nest, Beijing中Nowadays, its main income is as a tourist attraction.可知,鸟巢向游客收取入场费来维持日常运作。根据句意可知答案为C。
4.D　推理判断题。根据National Center for the Performing Arts中It is home to an Opera Hall, Music Hall, and Theater.可知在那里人们可以观看不同的演出。故选D。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（九）
一：词汇梳理
1. subsequent  /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ a.随后的
2. worldwide  /ˌwəːldˈwaɪd/ a.世界范围的 ad.遍及全世界
3. revolve  /rɪˈvɔlv/ v.(使)旋转，环绕
4. involve  /ɪnˈvɔlv/ vt.①使卷入②包含③使参与
5. capable  /ˈkeɪpəbəl/ a.①有能力的②干得出来的
6. sideways /ˈsaɪdweɪz/ ad./ a.①从一边(的)②斜着(的)
7. hono(u)rable  /ˈɔnərəbəl/ a.①可敬的②品德高尚的
8. claim /kleɪm/ vt.①声称②对…提出要求 n.①声称②要求③权利
9. utmost  /ˈʌtməust/ a.极度的 n.极限
10. speculate  /ˈspekjʊleɪt/ vi.投机 v.推测
11. initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n.①主动能力②主动权
12. strip  /strɪp/ vt.剥去v.脱去衣服
13. moral /ˈmɔrəl/ a.道德(上)的 n.①寓意②道德
14. trial  /ˈtraɪəl/ n.①审讯②考验，试验
15. doubtful /ˈdautfəl/ a.①怀疑的②不大可能的
16. profit  /ˈprɔfɪt/ n.①利润②益处v.①获利②有益于
17. ongoing  /ˈɔnˌgəuɪŋ/ a.进行中的
18. memorial  /mɪˈmɔːriəl/ a.纪念的 n.纪念碑，纪念物
19. instant /ˈɪnstənt/ n.瞬间 a.①立即的②速溶的
20. promote  /prəˈməut/ vt.①促进②提升③宣传
21. draft  /drɑːft/ n.①草图②汇票 vt.①起草②征召入伍
22. personnel  /ˌpəːsəˈnel/ n.①全体人员②人事(部门)
23. radical /ˈrædɪkəl/ a.①(变革等)重大的②激进的③根本的
24. poster  /ˈpəustə/ n.招贴(画)
25. product  /ˈprɔdʌkt/ n.①产品②乘积
26. sustain /səˈsteɪn/ vt.①支撑②维持③经受
27. inherent  /ɪnˈhɪərənt/ a.固有的，内在的
28.  mere  /mɪə/ a.仅仅，只不过
29. proof  /pruːf/ n.①证据②校样
30. indispensable /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/ a.必需的
二：短语梳理
1  be dying for sth/to do sth 渴望
2  be bound to do sth注定做
3  bear/keep sth in mind牢记
4  because of 由于
5  on behalf of 代表
6  to begin with首先   
at the beginning of 在……开始、开头
in the beginning=at first首先
7  behave yourself 守规矩
8  belong to 属于
9  sth be of benefit=be beneficial 有益
Sth benefit sb=sb benefit from sth  某事对…有益       某人从…中获益
10  sb be blessed with sth某人享有...
三：阅读练习
  Cakan is a successful businessman from Montenegro, who has earned himself nicknames(昵称)like “the best boss” and “Brother” by being surprisingly generous to his employees.
Cakan, who owns “Cakan Sports”, the largest sporting goods store chain in Montenegro, has been making news headlines for years, but not for his professional success. He is best known for the generosity he shows to his faithful and hard-working employees. The businessman firmly believes that his company can boom(繁荣) only if he keeps his employees happy, and to that end, he has offered the best of them some pretty unbelievable presents.
Cakan first surprised his workers back in 2012, when he offered four of them brand new cars—2 VW Golf 6 and 2 VW polo—complete with paid insurance. They were some of the oldest and most hard-working employees of Cakan Sports, and since the company had recently moved its operations outside the city, Cakan thought his best people shouldn't have to struggle to get to work. “When we saw them, we were speechless,” Danijela, one of the receivers, remembers. “While the boss was saying ‘this is a gift for you’, all I could think of was ‘this is not real;this can't be happening to us’.” But this was just one of the generous ways Cakan has rewarded his employees over the years. In 2014, after hearing that one of his workers had been saving up his paychecks so he could buy a ticket to the World Cup soccer final, in Brazil, he took him there himself, at his own expense.
Asked why he doesn't use cheaper means of motivating his employees, like a small raise or a cash bonus, Cakan had this to say, “Money comes and goes, but memories are forever.” Asked why many of his employees call him “Brother”, Cakan told a reporter that it was because “brothers always help each other”.
1.What is Cakan best noted for?
A.His frequent headline news for years.
B.His great success in his business.
C.His extreme generosity to his employees.
D.His largest sporting goods store chain.
2.Why did Cakan offer his four best workers new cars?
A.To make them travel to work easily.
B.To reward their creative ideas in work.
C.To encourage them to get to work earlier.
D.To help them reduce traffic expenses.
3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.A Smart Businessman
B.A Considerate Employer
C.Hard-Working Employees
D.Unbelievable Presents
答案
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段Cakan is a successful businessman from Montenegro, who has earned himself nicknames(昵称)like “the best boss” and “Brother” by being surprisingly generous to his employees.可知,Cakan以对员工非常的慷慨而著名。故选C项。
2.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中...Cakan thought his best people shouldn't have to struggle to get to work.可知,Cakan把新汽车提供给最好的员工是为了让他们轻松地去上班。故选A项。
3.B　主旨大意题。根据第一段Cakan is a successful businessman from Montenegro, who has earned himself nicknames(昵称)like “the best boss” and “Brother” by being surprisingly generous to his employees.可知,本文叙述的是一位体贴的老板。故选B项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（十）
一：词汇梳理
1. revise /rɪˈvaɪz/  vt.①修改②修订
2. moreover /mɔːrˈəuvə/  ad.再者，而且
3. flash /flæʃ/  n.①闪光②闪光灯 v.(使)闪光 vt.(快速)出示
4. publicity /pʌˈblɪsɪti/  n.①宣传②媒体的关注
5. disabled /dɪsˈeɪbəld/  a.伤残的
6. property /ˈprɔpəti/  n.①财产②性质
7. cruise /kruːz/  v.乘船游览 vi.以平稳的速度行驶
8. motion /ˈməuʃən/  n.①运动②提议 v.以姿势向某人示意
9. attribute /əˈtrɪbjuːt/  vt.把…归因于 n.属性
10. combine /kəmˈbaɪn/  v.①(使)结合②(使)融合
11.  thread /θred/  n.①线②线索 vt.①穿线于②穿过
12.  harbo(u)r /ˈhɑːbə/  n.海港，港口 vt.①怀有②包庇
13.  context /ˈkɔntekst/  n.①上下文②环境
14.  edit /ˈedɪt/  vt.①编辑②剪辑
15.   edition /ɪˈdɪʃən/  n.版本，版次
16.   manufacture /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃə/  vt.①(用机器大量)制造②编造 n.制造(业)
17.   fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmentl/  a.基本的 n.基本原则
18.  combat /ˈkɔmbæt/  n.战斗 vt.抑制
19.   bore /bɔː/  vt.使厌烦v.钻（孔） n.讨厌的人，麻烦事
20.  institute /ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/  vt.设立 n.学会
21.  penalty /ˈpenlti/  n.处罚，惩罚
22.  deputy /ˈdepjʊti/  n.①代表②副手
23.  press /pres/  vt.压vi.拥挤着走 v.催促
24.  hazard /ˈhæzəd/  n.①危险②风险 vt.使冒险
25.  comment /ˈkɔment/  n.评论 v./ n.评论
26.  flat① /flæt/  a.①平坦的②乏味的
27.  flat② /flæt/  n.一套房间
28.  attempt /əˈtempt/  vt.尝试 n.企图
29.  enclose /ɪnˈkləuz/  vt.①围住②附寄
30.  script /skrɪpt/  n.①剧本②笔迹
二：短语梳理
1  be bored with = be tired of  = be fed up with厌烦
2  block out the sun 挡住太阳光
3  be born 出生
4 give birth to a baby 生孩子  deliver a baby 接生 
deliver a speech 发表演讲 deliver goods 递送货物
5 fall behind 落后
6 believe in相信   
have belief in …有信心 相信……
beyond belief=unbelievable难以置信的
7 don’t/didn’t bother to do sth不想费神去做某事 懒得做
8 out of breath=breathless 气喘吁吁
9  bring………back to life使……复活
10  beyond one’s reach 够不到
  beyond control 失控
  beyond recognition 无法辨认 
  beyond sb 某人不能理解明白
三：阅读训练
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smartphones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution(解决方案)?The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.                    
1.What does the author think of new devices?
A.They are environment-friendly.
B.They are no better than the old.
C.They cost more to use at home.
D.They go out of style quickly.
2.Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A.To reduce the cost of minerals.
B.To test the life cycle of a product.
C.To update consumers on new technology.
D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
3.Which of the following uses the least energy?
A.The box-set TV.       B.The tablet.
C.The LCD TV.        D.The desktop computer.
4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A.Stop using them.    B.Take them apart.
C.Upgrade them.       D.Recycle them.
答案
1.A　推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者认为新装置怎么样?根据第一段最后一句可知,继续使用过时的装置对环境和我们的钱包都不是好消息,因为它们与新装置相比,做相同的事情会消耗更多的能源。由此可判断,作者认为新装置有利于环保。
2.D　细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么Babbitt的团队要进行这项研究?根据第二段第一句可知,为了弄清楚这些设备消耗多少电量,Babbitt和同事们持续跟踪每个产品在其使用周期内的环境成本。D项意为“为了查清这些装置耗费的电量。”,与文章内容一致。
3.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:以下哪种装置耗能最少?根据第一段可知新装置耗费的能量较少,而第二段则指出与其他几种装置相比,tablets(平板电脑)出现的时间最晚,为最新的科技产品,而且最后一段指出,tablets具有多种功能,比电视和台式电脑消耗的能量少,故B项正确。
4.A　推理判断题。本题题干意为:文章建议人们如何处理陈旧的电子设备?最后一段讲到了解决方案,本段指出,研究人员探索了消费者用有多种功能的电子产品替换陈旧产品后的结果。由最后一句可知,用平板电脑代替电视和台式电脑来收看娱乐节目,会减少44%的能源消耗。由此可知文章建议人们不要再使用陈旧的电子设备,故A项正确。