35天全面突破高考英语3500考纲核心高频词

高考英语核心词汇拓展 Day 1

1. abandon /ə'bænd(ə)n/ v. 放弃，舍弃，离弃 (近desert, give up, quit) n.      尽情，放纵  
【拓展】
abandon oneself to  沉湎于；陷入
with abandon  恣意地；放纵地；尽情地
abandoned adj.        被遗弃的；放纵的
【例句】①Feeling frustrated, I found I gradually abandoned myself to games.感到很沮丧，我渐渐地沉迷于游戏中。
②At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.
聚会上，人们尽情地唱歌、跳舞，把生活中的烦恼抛到了九霄云外。
③We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.我们看到了一些被遗弃的农场，它们都建于100多年以前。
【辨析】abandon，desert， give up均有“放弃”的意思。
abandon指完全、最终和永久的放弃。
desert强调故意逃避应尽的义务和职责或违背誓言，含有非难或指责之意。
give up为常用词，常用于口语。
quit强调“主动或自愿地放弃”，常指“停止”。
【串记】Since his wife abandoned him，he abandoned himself to alcohol, living on an abandoned farm. 由于他的妻子抛弃了他，他沉迷酒精，住在一个废弃的农场。
2. able /'eɪb(ə)l/ a. 能够的；有能力的，能干的
【拓展】
be able to do sth. 能够做某事 (同be capable of)
ability n. 能力；才干
to the best of one’s ability竭尽全力
display one's ability表现自己的才能
develop one's ability in  发挥自己……才能
ability for(in) ……的能力
ability to do(做)……的能力
unable a. 不能的，无能力的
enable v. 使能够；使成为可能
enable sb. to do sth.使某人能够做某事
disable v. 使失去能力，使残废
disabled a.残疾的
disability n. 残疾
【例句】His ability enables him to get a good job. him. 他的能力让他找到一个好工作。
【串记】Though disabled, he didn’t abandon himself. He is able to support himself. His disability is unable to stop him from living normally. 他虽然残疾，但是没有自暴自弃。他能够养活自己。他的残疾不能妨碍他正常生活。
3. about /ə'baʊt/ad. 大约；到处；四处；prep. 关于；在各处；四处 (近around)
【拓展】
talk about 谈论        
walk about 到处溜达   
move about 走来走去   
throw about 到处扔
be about to do sth. 正要/即将做某事
be about to do sth. when即将做某事就……
How/What about…? ……怎么样？
【例句】How about walking about in the park? 去公园里逛逛怎么样？
【串记】The disabled man was about to move about when the doctor stopped him. 那个残疾人正要四处走动，医生拦下了他。
4. above /ə'bʌv/ prep. 在……上面，超过(近over)；a.上面的；ad. 在上面，以上
【拓展】
above all 首先，首要的是
above one's head 超过…的理解力
above one's income 入不敷出
over and above 除…之外（还）；多于；过于，太
above sea level 海拔高度
【例句】We should value health above wealth. 我们应该重视健康胜于财富。
【串记】According to the above data, our products have gone above the norm, above all, the meat products. 根据以上数据，我们的所有产品都已经高于标准，尤其是肉类产品。
【辨析】above，over，on均有“在……上方，在……之上”意义。above和over均指一个物体比另一个物体所处的位置高，且互不接触，但over强调两个物体同处在一个垂直线上，“在……正上方”，其反义词是under。而above不一定“在……正上方”，其反义词是below。on是指一个物体在另一个物面的上面，两物体互相接触。over还可表示“在……上面”即接触并铺盖其上面，还有“遍及”意义，而 above无此含义。on的反义词是beneath。
5. abroad /ə'brɔːd/ ad. 到/在国外，到/在海外 (同overseas)
【拓展】
at home and abroad在国内外
be all abroad茫然不解，离题太远
be all abroad to do anything with 对……一窍不通。 from abroad 从国外，从海外
get abroad①出去，出门②(谣言)传出去，传开
go [travel] abroad 到外国，出洋
【例句】①He abandoned the plan to go abroad for further study due to disability. 他因为残疾放弃了出国深造的计划。
②He's never been abroad in his life. 他有生以来没有出过国。
【串记】The disabled man’s experience of struggling abroad moves people at home and abroad.
那位残疾人在国外的奋斗经历感动了国内外的人。
【对比】aboard 在飞机/船/车上
6. absent /ˈæbsənt / a. 缺席的；心不在焉的
【拓展】
be absent from ... 未出席……，缺席……(be present at 出席)
absent­minded ＝ absence of mind心不在焉的
absence n．缺乏，不存在
absence from     缺席……
absence of mind      心不在焉，精神恍惚
in the absence of  由于缺乏；(物)不存在；缺少/席
during/in one's absence
＝ during/in the absence of sb.在某人不在/缺席的时候
【例句】①He was absent from the meeting for one reason or another.他因为某种原因而没有出席会议。
②However, learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.然而，在缺乏母语环境的情况下学习作为外语的英语相当困难。
③I will go on a business trip tomorrow; Mark will be in charge of the company in my absence.明天我要去出差；我不在时马克管理公司。
④He failed in the exam because of his absence of mind.他因心不在焉而考试不及格。
【串记】Above 5 pupils were absent from class in the head teacher’s absence. 在班主任不在时，超过五个学生翘课。
7. absorb /əb'zɔːb; -'sɔːb/ v. 吸收(同take in)；吸引
【拓展】
(1)absorb/attract/draw one's attention吸引某人的注意力
be absorbed by/into为……所吸收；被……吞并(吸引)
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的，专注的
(be) absorbed in ...  全神贯注于……
(3)absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的，引人入胜的
absorption n.  吸收；全神贯注，专心致志
【例句】①The writer was absorbed in his writing so that he forgot to have his lunch.这位作家专注于写作，结果忘了吃午饭。
②Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.
几分钟的时间酒精就会被吸收到血流中并开始对大脑起作用。
【串记】Only if you are absorbed in what you are reading can you absorb the main point. 只有当你全神贯注于你所读的东西时，你才能吸收要点。
易错点拨be absorbed in结构在句中作状语或定语时，常用absorbed in...形式。类似的结构还有：
①be lost in           专心致志于……
②be caught/trapped in     被困在……
③be buried in          埋头于……
④be involved in          专注于……
⑤be devoted to          专心于……
⑥be occupied in          忙于……
8. accept /əkˈsept/ vt. 接受；承认；同意；接纳
【拓展】
accept…as…把……认作为……
acceptable adj. 可接受的
accepted adj．普遍接受的，一般公认的
acceptant adj．愿接受的，开放的
acceptance n. 接受；接纳；赞同
【例句】①I have no choice but to accept the challenge.  我没有别的选择只能接受挑战。
②I cannot accept you as my assistant．我不能答应你当我的助手。
③We've accepted that we'll vote tomorrow．我们同意明天表决。
【串记】Your apology is unacceptable, so I refuse to accept it. 你的道歉不可接受，因此我拒绝接受。
【辨析】accept/receive
accept接受，认可，指经过考虑自己同意或愿意接受；receive接到，收到，指收到东西的一种行为，并不表示本人是否愿意接受。
9. access /'ækses/ n. 通道；进入；方法，途径；v. 到达，进入；访问，获取(计算机数据）
【拓展】
(1)access to ... ……的通路；……的权利
have/get/gain/obtain access to ...得以接近/会见/进入……
be easy [hard, difficult] of access 容易[难]接近的；容易[难]进去的；容易[难]会见的
within easy access of   容易去到……的地方
(2)accessible adj.  可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to  可进入；可用
【例句】①We can get access to various information we need through the screen.我们可以通过屏幕获得我们需要的各种信息。
②All the sites are free to the public and accessible to anyone with an Internet connection.所有这些网站都是免费向公众开放的，通过互联网，任何人都可登陆。
③The reason why she likes city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants．她喜欢城市生活的原因是她能够很容易地光顾商店、餐馆等地方。
【串记】The information should be accessible to all. Namely, everyone has access to it. 信息应该向所有人公开。即，人人都可以获取信息。
【形近对比】success n. 成功，assess vt. 评定；估价。
10. accident /'æksɪdənt/ n. 事故；偶然/意外的事
【拓展】
by accident偶然地，意外地 (同by chance)(反by design, on purpose)
meet with an accident 遭不测
without accident 平安，无恙
accidental a. 偶然/意外的
accidentally ad. 意外地，偶然地
【例句】①She was killed in a trafc accident．她死于交通事故。
②He made the mistake whether by accident or by design. 不知她是偶然还是故意去犯这个错误的。
【串记】Accidentally, the unlucky girl met two accidents at the same spot. 很偶然，这个倒霉的女孩在同一地点遇到了两起事故。
【辨析】accident/event/incident
accident 强调事件(故)出于偶然或意料。常是人们不愿它发生的不幸事故，如车祸、飞机失事等意想不到的事件。event指历史上的大事件，或国内外大事或各种隆重活动，也指体育比赛项目；
incident 常指小事件或附带事件。或是event(指重大事件)中一个枝节或小插曲。
11. account /ə'kaʊnt/ n. 账目；账目；叙述，报道，描写；解释，理由
【拓展】
(1)on no account　决不(位于句首时引起部分倒装)
on account of      因为，由于(同because of)
on one’s account为(某人)利益，依靠
give an account of      报告；叙述；说明
take sth. into account＝take account of对某事加以考虑
turn sth．to account利用
(2)account for      解释，说明，(比例)占
accounting 会计学   accountant会计人员
【例句】①If you want to study accounting, you must take your interest into account. 如果你想学会计，你必须考虑到你的兴趣。
②On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge, as well as practical experience.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值，以及实际的经验。
③How do you account for making so many mistakes in your homework? 你如何解释作业中犯这么多错误的原因？
【串记】On account of the dark night, the witness was not able to give a detailed account of the accident. 由于天很黑，证人无法对事故作详细的说明。
12. achieve /ə'tʃiːv/ vt. 取得；获得；实现；成功
【拓展】
(1)achieve one’s aims/goals达到目标
achieve success获得成功
(2)achievement n.成就；功业；完成；达到
a sense of achievement成就感
make great achievements取得巨大的成功
achievable a. 可完成的；可有成就的；做得成的(反unchievable)
【例句】① He was offering a way for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams. 他为我们提供了改变生活和实现梦想的途径。
②Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a real sense of achievement. 看到我们种植的树木，我们都有真正的成就感。
③In the last few years，China has made great achievements in environmental protection. 近几年来，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。
【点津】achievement作“完成，达到”解时为不可数名词；作“成就，功绩”解时是可数名词。
13. act /ækt/ n. 行动；法令，条例；一幕；v. 表演，扮演，演出；行动，做事
【拓展】
act as 担任……职务，起……作用        
act on(upon)按照……而行事，对……起作用
act out 把……表演出来；把……付诸行动
act up to不辜负，遵照
actor/actress n. 男/女演员
action n. 行动；活动；功能
be in action在活动；在运转；在战斗
be out of action失去作用，停止运行
take action采取行动
active a. 积极的；活跃的；主动的
take an active part in积极参加
activity活动；行动；活跃 (反inactive, passive)  
actual a. 真实的，实际的
actually ad.实际上；事实上
【例句】Actually, the hero is acted by an actress. She
takes action to achieve success.  实际上，那个主角是一个女演员演的。她采取行动获得了成功。
【串记】As a boy, the actor took an active part in activities after school. 还是男孩时，这位演员就积极参加课外活动。
14. adapt /ə'dæpt/ v. 使适应 (同adjust)；改编/写
【拓展】
(1) adapt (oneself) to (doing) sth. 适应(做)某事adapt ...from ...      `根据……改写/改编……
adapt ...for ...      改(编)……为……之用
(2) adaptable adj.      能适应的；可修改的
adaptation n.      适应；改编；改写本
【例句】①To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourselves to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.新同学们，对你们大家来说，如何使自己适应新环境是你们首先要面对的事情。
②The materials can be adapted for use by older children.这些材料改一下可以给大一点的孩子用。
【串记】Adaptable animals can adapt to changeable surroundings in a short time. 适应性强的动物能在短时间内适应多变的环境。
【辨析】adapt指作一定程度(较大)的改变，以适应新的情况、新的需要或新的环境，带有目的性，着重结果，adjust只作较小的改变，幅度比adapt小，通常指机械方面的调整或校正，也指人作些改变以适应新的环境，着重过程。fit指适合某目的或用途。
15. add /æd/ vt.添加，增加；补充说
【拓展】
add to　增加；增添
add … to把……加进
add up  相加, 合计
add up to  合计达
add (that) ...      补充说……
(2) addition n. 加；(数)加法；增加
in addition  另外
in addition to 除……之外
additional附加的，额外的→additionally另外，此外
additive n. 添加剂/物；a.累积的
【例句】①It is known to us all that good friends add to happiness and value to our life．我们都知道好朋友会增添我们生活的幸福和价值。
②Add up all the figures and find out what they add up to.把这些数字加起来，弄清楚总计多少。
③In addition, we can gradually develop a closer friendship while enjoying these activities.另外，我们能够在享受这些活动的同时逐渐发展更亲密的友谊。
④We will not be using these additional
functions.  我们不打算使用这些额外的功能。
【串记】In addition, if you add no one to your
list, then only you can access your files. 此外，如果您的列表中没有添加任何人，那么只有您可以访问你的文件。
16.addict /'ædɪkt/ n．对(药物等)上瘾的人；瘾君子vt.使上瘾
addict oneself to…溺于……；醉心于……
be/become/get addicted to ...沉迷于……；热爱……，迷上……
(2) addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
(3) addiction n.  瘾，入迷，嗜好(常与to连用)
【例句】①Teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression.有网瘾的青少年更可能患忧郁症。
②Some students are now fighting their addiction to computer games.现在一些学生正努力戒除电脑游戏瘾。
【串记】Playing computer games can be a dangerous addiction. It often starts as a hobby, but it is so addictive that many young people are addicted to it. Sometimes the addict will break the law in order to play these games. 玩电脑游戏可能是一种危险的成瘾。它往往开始作为一种爱好，但它是如此上瘾，许多年轻人沉迷于它。有时瘾君子会为了玩这些游戏而触犯法律。
17. address /ə'dres/ n. 地址；演讲；v. 写姓名、地址；称呼；处理，忙于
【拓展】deliver(draft out)an address(to……)(向……)发表演说(起草演说稿)
give(make)a closing(opening，funeral)address致闭(开)幕词(悼词)
addresser(或addressor)n．写信人 addressee n．收信人【例句】①How do the French address each other when they meet for the first time? 当法国人第一次见面时，他们如何称呼对方?
②At the airport he read an address of welcome on behalf of the association．在机场他代表该协会致了欢迎词。
【辨析】speech指一般发言或讲话,address指正式演说或讲演；lecture指学术演讲,talk谈话，演讲，是指非正式的演说，谈话或通俗的学术演讲。
【串记】The president gave an address on the scene, calling on people to address the serious problem together. 总统在现场发表讲话，呼吁人们共同解决这个严重的问题。
18. adjust /ə'dʒʌst/ v. 调整，调节；适应，习惯(同adapt)
【拓展】adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth. 适应(做)某事
adjustable 可调整的；可适应的
adjustment调整；调节；适应【例句】①I do not know how I should adjust my
state of mind. 我不知道我应该怎么调整我的心态。
②Mother was worried about whether she could adjust to living  in the mountainous village alone.母亲担心她能否适应独自一人生活在那个山村里。
③Because of the economic crisis, they had to make many adjustments to the price of oil.由于经济危机，他们不得不对石油的价格进行了许多调整。
【串记】If you don’t make any immediate adjustment, you won’t adapt to the change right away. 如果你不立即做出调整，你就不会马上适应这种变化。
19. admire /əd'maɪə/ v. 钦佩；羡慕；欣赏；观赏
【拓展】(1)admire sb. for sth.　因某事而钦佩某人
admire to do sth.喜欢(做)、想要
(2)admirable a. 令人钦佩的；值得赞扬的
(3)admiration n. 钦佩；羡慕；令人钦佩的人/物
with/in admiration  钦佩地
(4)admirer n. 爱慕者，钦佩者
admiring a．赞美的，羡慕的
【例句】①I admire him for his bravery and learning.我钦佩他胆识过人，学识渊博。
②He was looking at the picture with admiration.他正以赞叹的神情赏画。
③He gave her an admiring look in the competition.在比赛中，他向她投以赞赏的一瞥。
【串记】He was really an admirable hero and all the surrounding people gave him admiring cheers. 他真是一个令人钦佩的英雄，围观的人都给与他钦佩的欢呼。
20. admit /əd'mɪt/ vt. 承认；供认(反deny)；准入；接纳，招收
【拓展】admit doing/having done sth.  承认做/做过某事
admit sb. to/into 准许某人进入……；允许某人加入……
be admitted to/into  被接收(入学/入院/入党)等
admit that ...    承认……
admission n. 承认；供认；准入；接纳；入场费
【例句】①She apologised to me and admitted having taken my umbrella by mistake.她向我道歉并承认错拿了我的伞。
②With the help of the teachers he had made rapid progress in his studies． At last he was admitted to/into a famous university．在老师的帮助下，他的学习取得了快速的进步。最后他被一所著名大学录取了。
【串记】Admittedly, the new environment takes a
while to adapt to. But you have to make active adjustment immediately. Or you won’t be admitted into the university. 不可否认的是，需要一段时间才能适应新环境。但是你要做出积极的调整。否则，你不会被大学录取。
【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. Though you have great           (able), you are not able to do everything alone.
2.        (absorb) in her work, she didn’t notice the leader’s presence.
3. You can not use the computer for free.         (addition), you do not have access to the databases.
4. The reason is          (accept) for it is a complete excuse.
5. What is the reason for her          (absent) from the activity?
6. Is this museum          (access) to the disabled?
7. Many students plan to work as an accountant,         (account) for 30 percent.
8. Thinking the goal is           (achieve), he plans to desert it.
9. Don’t worry. All the chairs and desks are           (adjust). They are suitable for all pupils.
10. She was lucky to be accepted           a member of the club.
二、单句改错。
1. What about move about in the garden for a while?      
2. Our teachers encourage us to think active and freely.      
3. The kids were talking loudly and playing wildly at the teacher’s absence.      
4. Reading enable you to learn about the world without going out.        
5. James got my invitation but he didn’t receive it, which upset me.      
6. The successful film is actual adapted from an unknown novel.      
7. The new forest park adds the attraction of the city.      
8. His disability was causing in an car accident last May.      
9. Try your best to adapt to live in the countryside. When you are in Rome, do as the Romans do.      
10. The disabled man abandoned the chance of going to abroad.        
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. The accountant                     (承认犯错) when adding up the numbers.
2. If you                     (不能) shake hands because of illness, apologize and explain at once.
3. The house has lots of advantages: new and quiet.             (最重要的是), it is rather cheap.
4. To settle the problem, you need to                     (考虑) all of the possibilities.
5. When he stepped into the basement, it took a while for his eyes to              (适应) the inky darkness.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 校长正要讲话时开始下雨了。(be about to do sth.…when, deliver an address)
  _____________________________________________________________________________
2. 每个学生都可以使用电子图书馆。(have access to)
  _____________________________________________________________________________
3. 获得能力需要花费很多时间。(it takes time to do sth.)
  _____________________________________________________________________________
4. 因为一次意外，那位女演员没有实现目标。(on account of, achieve one’s goal)
  _____________________________________________________________________________
5. 虽然他有伟大的成就，他仍然没有被接纳为院士(academician)。(accept…as)
  _____________________________________________________________________________

答案
一、语法填空。
1. ability/abilities  2. Absorbed  3. Additionally  4. unacceptable  5. absence  6. accessible  7. accounting  8. unachievable  9. adjustable  10. as
二、单句改错。   
1. move→ moving  2. active→ actively  3. at→ in  4. enable→ enables  5. receive→ accept  6. actual→ actually  7. 在adds后面加to  8. causing→ caused  9. live→ living  10. 去掉to
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. admitted making mistakes  2. be unable to  3. Above all  4. take into account  5. adjust/adapt to
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. The headmaster was about to deliver an address when it began to rain.
2. Each student has access to the e-library.
3. It takes a lot of time to acquire ability(abilities).
4. On account of an accident, the actress didn’t achieve her goal.
5. Though he had great achievement(s), he was not accepted as an academician.

高考英语核心词汇拓展 Day 2
21. adopt /ə'dɒpt/ v. 采纳；收养
【拓展】
adopt a suggestion/view/way采纳建议/观点/方法
adopt a child/dog 收养孩子/狗
adoption n. 采纳；收养     
adoptive a. 采用的; 有收养关系的  
adopted a. 被收养的
【例句】①The aged couple adopted an deserted baby. 那对老夫妇收养了一个弃婴。
②She treated her adopted son as if he were her own child.她对待养子好像他是自己的孩子一样。
③If you can not have children of your own, why not consider adoption (adopt)?假如你自己不能生育，何不考虑收养一个呢？
【串记】The old man adopted the suggestion sending his adopted daughter to college. 老人采纳了送他的养女上大学的建议。
22. advance /əd'vɑːns/ v. & n. 推/前/促进；进展/步；提前；预付；a. 预先的
【拓展】
in advance预先，事先，在前面
in advance of在……之前，优于，比……进步，超过make advances 取得进步/进展
advance on (upon)更向前进，朝……前进
advance to 使晋升到…,使提前到… 
advanced a. 先进的；高级的；高深的 
advancement n. 前进，进步；提升
【例句】①We advanced on the enemy's position under the cover of darkness.我们在夜幕掩护下攻击了敌人的阵地。
②Because of reform and opening,China's industrial technology is advancing to ever-higher levels.由于改革开放,中国的工业技术正向着越来越高的水平发展。
3We must acquire advanced science and technology.我们一定要把先进的科学技术学到手。
【串记】We plan to order an advanced course in advance. 我们计划提前预定一个高级课程。
【辨析】advance/progress
advance指具体的人或物，也指科学、运动、知识等前进、进步，强调进步的程度；progress指经常的、持续的或稳定的前进、进步，常用于抽象事物。
23. advantage /əd'vɑːntɪdʒ/ a. 优势；有利条件；优点 (反disadvantage )
(1) be of advantage to有利于
have(get，gain)an advantage over优(越)于，比……优越
take advantage of利用，占……便宜；趁……之机
to one's advantage＝to the advantage of sb.对某人有利
have the advantage of (doing) sth.有(做)……的有利条件
(2)disadvantage n.      劣势；不利条件
【例句】①Take full advantage of this opportunity to perform and you will have an advantage over your rivals in the performance.充分利用这次表演的机会，你就会在表演方面胜过你的对手。
②It might be to your advantage to take a computer course of some kind.学习某种计算机课程可能会对你有利。
③Men usually have an advantage over women when hunting for jobs. 男人在找工作时通常比女人有优势。
【串记】We have an advantage of resource over Japan. Now the situation is to our advantage. We must take advantage of the advantage to make advances. 我们对日本有资源优势。现在形势对我们有利。我们必须利用这个优势取得进步。
24. advise /əd'vaɪz/ vt. 忠告，劝告，建议
【拓展】
advise doing sth. 建议做某事
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
advise sb．of sth．把一报告(通知)某人
advise that … (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事
advise with sb．on(about)sth．同某人商量某事
advice [U] 建议；忠告 
give advice on 就/关于……给予忠告
follow/take/adopt advice 遵循/采纳建议
【例句】①He gave us some advice on how to improve my English.  他就如何提高我的英语水平给了我一些忠告。
②The chief physician advised with the patient's 
husband on the operation．主治医生就手术问题与病人丈夫商量。
③I will keep you advised of the state of the market．我随时向你报告市场行情。
④I advise you to reconsider your decision．我建议你重新考虑你的决定。
【串记】My adviser advised the boss should adopt the doctor’s advice. 我的顾问建议老板采纳医生的建议。 
【辨析】 advise后面可以接sb. to do sth. 名词advice不可数；
suggest不可以接sb. to do sth.；名词suggestion可数。
25. affect /ə'fekt/ vt. 影响(同influence)；感染(同infect)；vi. 喜爱
【拓展】
affection n. 喜爱，爱慕；感/爱情(常复)→affectionate a. 深情的
effect n. 影响；效果，作用 →effective a. 有效果的
have an effect on 对……有影响  
greenhouse effect 温室效应
side effect 副作用 
in effect实际上，生效  
bring/put …into effect 使生效  
take effect 生效起作用 
come into effect开始生效/实施
【例句】No one can change you; others can only affect you. 没有人能改变你，别人只能影响你。
【语境串记】Your affections for her may affect her study. Though love is a rich great affection, it has a bad effect on an immature teen. 你对她的感情会影响她的学习。虽然爱情是丰富伟大的感情，但是对不成熟的少年有不好的影响。
【辨析】influence，affect，effect都有。影响”意思。influence通常指通过劝说、行动或树立榜样来改变一个人的行为或思想，是潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的作用affect指足够能引起反应或引出相应反响的刺激因素，着重指使事物受到不良的影响或指一个人的感情受到某种影响effect着重指产生或造成的结果、效果、效力、影响和作用等。后两词均可接on。表示“影响”时influence和affect可作及物动词或名词，而effect只作名词。
Reading in bed has affected his eye sight．在床上读书影响了他的视力。
Influenced by a high school biology teacher，he took up the study of medicine．他受一位中学生物教师的影响，开始学习医学。
26. afford /ə'fɔːd/ vt. 负担得起（……的费用）；承担得起(时间、后果等)；抽得出（时间）；提供
【拓展】
(1)afford to do sth.负担得起做某事(的费用)
afford sb. sth. ＝ afford sth. to sb.
给予某人某物；提供给某人某物
(2)affordable adj.      能承担得起的
affordably adv.      付得起地
【例句】①The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.
房子的价格涨了上去，本地区的人在那儿都买不起房子了。
②Television and the Internet afford many people much pleasure.＝Television and the Internet afford much pleasure to many people.电视和网络给许多人带来很大的乐趣。
③Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy affordably priced bikes.那些贫穷的青少年兴奋地发现在拐角处有一家商店，在那里他们可以买到价格实惠的自行车。
【点津】　afford意为“买得起，负担得起”时，常与can, could, be able to连用，后接名词、代词或不定式。
【语境串记】The work will afford me a chance 
of promotion and lots of money. I can afford to make a trip abroad, but I can’t afford the time. 这个工作将会为我提供晋升的机会以及大量金钱。我有钱出国度假，但是抽不出时间。
27. afraid /ə'freɪd/ a. 害怕的(同scared)；担心
【拓展】
be afraid of 害怕 (同fear)  
be afraid of doing sth. 担心/害怕发生某事
be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事
be afraid (that) 从句 担心某事
I’m afraid. 恐怕(同fear)；遗憾
【例句】All people like to be successful but afraid of failure. 所有的人都喜欢成功，但是却害怕失败。
【语境串记】I am afraid of strangers. I’m afraid to go out in the daytime. I’m afraid of meeting new people because I’m afraid (that) they will laugh at me. 我怕陌生人。我不敢白天出去。我担心遇到生人，怕他们嘲笑我。
after ad. 在后；后来；prep. 在……之后；在 后面；conj. 在……以后 (反before)
【拓展】
after all 毕竟，终究     
look after 照顾
go/run/hunt/seek after 追赶/逐；追求
name…after以……命名   
the day after 第二天
one after another  接连地；一个接一个地
afternoon 下午   
afterward(s) 后来，以后
【例句】Go on to do the other exercise after 
you have finished this one.  你做完这道练习以后，接着再做其它练习。
【语境串记】I know what you seek after is to have something named after you. But, after all, you are too young to look after yourself. 我知道你追求的是有以你名字命名的东西。但是，毕竟，你太年轻了，不能照顾自己。
28. against /ə'genst; ə'geɪnst/ prep. 对着，反对(反for)；违背；对抗；防备；依靠，对着；以……为背景；衬托
【拓展】
be/go against 违反；反对
argue/fight/compete against 与……争执/战斗/竞争
protest …against 保护……防备……
against one’s wishes/will 违背某人的意愿
【例句】No matter what we do, we should at no time go against nature. 无论我们做什么，我们都决不能违背自然规律。
【串记】 Because he fought against his desk mate, which went against the rules. The teacher told him to stand against the wall. Of course, it was against his wishes. 因为他跟同桌打架违反了规定。老师叫他靠墙站着，当然他不情愿。
29. agree /ə'griː/ v. 同意；应允(反disagree) 
【拓展】
agree with同意（观点、看法）；一致；（食物、气候等）适应（某人）
agree to 同意（计划、决定、安排等）
agree on（在某事上）达成一致
agree to do sth.同意做某事
agreeable a．令人愉快的;适合的；易相处的
agreement n．同意；一致;协定，协议(书)
arrive at(come to)an agreement达成协议
in agreement with与……一致，按照，符合
make an agreement with与……达成协议
【例句】①We agree with what you say．我们同意你所说的意见。 
②They agreed on a date for the next meeting他们就下次会议的日期达成了协议。
③We agree to their proposal．我们同意了他们的建议。
④This bill doesn't agree with my calculations．这份账单跟我的计算结果不一致。
⑤The climate here does not agree with me．这里的气候对我不适合。
【串记】Though I disagree with some items in the agreement, I will agree to sign it. After all, you’re an agreeable boss. 虽然我不同意协议中的一些条款，但我同意签署。毕竟，你是个和蔼可亲的老板。
30. aim /eɪm/ n. 目的(同purpose)；目标(同goal)；v. 计划，打算(同plan)；瞄准；针对
【拓展】
(1)take aim at ...　瞄准……；对准……
with the aim of ... 目的是……
achieve one's aim 达到某人的目标
(2)aim at/be aimed at (doing) sth.瞄准，对准；旨在(做)某事
aim to do sth.      目标是做某事
(3)aimless adj.      漫无目的的
aimlessly adv.      漫无目的地
①I'm aiming tolose 4 kilograms before the summer holidays.我的目标是暑假前体重减轻四公斤。
②Don't argue aimlessly. Let's sit down and talk things over.别漫无边际地争论了，我们坐下来讨论一下吧。
③Aimed at improving the level of English, English Corner is held once a week. 为了提高英语水平，英语角每周举办一次。
【串记】While at high school, Bill aimed high, when he entered college, he led an aimless life. Joining in a project which is aimed at helping those lost aim, he aimed to change his life. 比尔上高中时目标很高，当他上大学时，他过着没有目标的生活。参加一个旨在帮助那些失去目标的人的项目，他的目标是改变他的生活。
31. alarm /ə'lɑːm/ n. 警报；警告器；闹钟；惊慌；vt. 警告；使惊恐
【拓展】
（1）raise/sound the alarm 拉响警报
alarm clock 闹钟
（2）alarmed a. 惊恐的   
feel alarmed about sth.对……产生恐慌
get alarmed about 对…大惊小怪,对…感到吃惊
be alarmed by 被…吓一跳
alarming a. 使人惊恐的
【例句】①We were much alarmed by the fire in the forest.森林失火使我们大为惊慌。
②The instant they heard the alarm, they fell in for action.他们一听到警报，就立即集合准备战斗。
【串记】When the alarm sounded, all the people fled in alarm. The alarm caused great alarm in people. 警报声一响，所有的人都惊慌地逃走了。这一警报在人们中引起了极大的恐慌。
32.alive /ə'laɪv]/adj.有活力的；有生气的；活着的；仍然存在的
【拓展】
alive and kicking 生气勃勃，活蹦乱跳
be alive to 注意，对…有敏感
be alive with    兴旺，拥挤，(热情)洋溢
come alive  变得活跃起来
bring ... alive  使……变得活跃
keep ... alive      使……有活力/仍然存在
①She only came alive when she sat down at the piano.她一坐在钢琴旁就精神起来。
②His humourous story brought the atmosphere of the meeting really alive. 他的幽默故事使这次会议的气氛变得真正活跃起来了。
③He is alive to his own interests. 他斤斤计较自己利益。
【辨析】
alive通常作表语，如作定语用时，一般后置，多用于人。live指“活的，有生命的”，作定语时，放在名词前，通常只用于动物，如live fish， live duck，用于人时，则转意为“生气勃勃的”； 除了表示“活的”外，还表示“现场直播的”；living指“活着的”，尤指“现存的”、现在活着的”人或物，可用于一切事物，语义比 alive 广，既可作表语，也可作定语。既可前置也可后置。
【串记】I watched a live TV program. There was a boy liking all living things. He kept a live fish in a small jar. Later on he decided to free it and kept the fish alive in the river.我看了一个电视直播节目。有一个男孩喜欢所有的生活。他把一条活鱼放在一个小罐子里。后来他决定释放它，让鱼在河里活着。
33. allow /ə'laʊ/ vt. 允/准许(同permit)；使…有可能
【归纳拓展】
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事， 
allow sb./sth. to do sth. 使某人可能做；使某事可能
allow for考虑到；估计到；连……算在内
allowance n. 津/补贴；零用钱
【例句】Why didn't he allow me to operate the machine．他为什么不准许我开这台机器?
【串记】Allowing for his age, the boss allows him to have a rest and won’t reduce his allowance. 考虑到他的年龄，老板允许他休息，不会减少他的津贴。
34. alone /ə'ləʊn/ a. 单独的，仅仅的；ad. 独自地
【拓展】
let(leave)……alone不管，不予理会，听之任之
let alone更不用说，更别提
all alone孤单的，孤独的
【例句】①Money alone cannot make you happy．光有钱并不能使你幸福。
②I have not seen him，let alone talked with him．我见都没见过他，别说跟他谈话了。
③Please leave me alone. I need to focus on this project. 请别烦我。我需要把精力集中到这个项目上。
【串记】 While the expert lives alone in a lonely island, he never feels lonely. 虽然专家独自一人住在孤岛上，但他从不感到孤独。
【辨析】lonely a. 孤独的，寂寞的；偏僻的(表示内心的感受)；
alone a. & ad. 强调单独，独自，仅仅。
35. amaze /ə'meɪz/ v. 使惊奇/叹；使震惊
【拓展】
(1) It amazes sb. that ... ＝What amazes sb. is that ...
使某人惊讶的是……
(2) amazing adj.令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的
It's amazing that ...　令人惊讶的是……
(3)amazed adj.   吃惊的，惊奇的
be amazed at/by ...对……感到惊讶
be amazed to do sth.做某事感到惊讶
(4)amazement n.惊奇，惊愕
to one's amazement令某人惊讶的是
in amazement惊愕地
【例句】①We were amazed to learn that she had left the hospital $18 million.得知她把1 800万美元留给了医院，我们感到很惊讶。
②What amazed me was that the old man devoted all his money to supporting the local school.
＝To my amazement, the old man devoted all his money to supporting the local school.
＝It amazed me that the old man devoted all his money to supporting the local school.让我吃惊的是，这位老人捐出所有的钱来资助当地学校。
【串记】To our amazement, the face of the city 
keeps changing every day. However, what is amazing to us can’t make him amazed. 令我们惊奇的是，这座城市的面貌每天都在变化。然而，让我们惊奇的事情并不能让他感到惊奇。
36. amount /ə'maʊnt/ n. 数量；v. 总计
【拓展】
an amount of 一些，许多(接不可数名词)
(large/huge) amounts of 大量，许多
amount to 相当于；总计达到
【例句】Please charge the amount to my account. 请把这笔金额记在我的帐上。
【串记】A large amount of allowance is afforded to the boy. It amounts to 3,000 dollars. 这个男孩得到了一大笔零用钱，总共是3000美元。
【辨析】amount/number
amount指不可数名词的量；
number指可数名词的数量。
37. amuse /ə'mjuːz/ vt.（使人）快乐，逗乐
【拓展】
amuse oneself with…拿……来消遣，以……自娱be(feel)amused at(by，with)对……觉得有趣(好笑)，被……引逗得发笑
amusement n．娱乐，快乐；消遣，乐趣
【例句】①His foolish mistakes amused all of us．他那愚蠢的错误使我们大家发笑。
②He amused himself with his books(by reading)．他以读书作消遣。
③We were very much amused to see the seal perform its tricks．我们被海豹的特技表演给逗乐了。
【串记】Mr. Wang is an amusing person who often amuses us with amusing stories. So staying with him is really a kind of amusement. 王先生是个有趣的人，他经常用有趣的故事逗我们。所以和他在一起真是一种娱乐。
38. anger /'æŋgə/ n. 生气，愤怒；v. 使生气，激怒
【拓展】
(1)in a moment of anger 一时之气，一阵气恼
in anger 生气地
tremble with anger 气得发抖
(2)angry 生气的，愤怒的  
be angry at/with sb. 对某人生气  
be angry about/at/over sth. 因为某事生气
【例句】The employer got very angry at his employees about their poor performance. 雇主对他的雇员表现不佳很生气。
【串记】“Even though you got angry over your work in the office, don’t get angry with me at home.” the wife said to her husband in anger. 即使你在办公室对你的工作感到生气，也不要在家里对我生气。妻子生气地对丈夫说。
39. announce /ə'naʊns/ vt. 宣布/告；发表(声明等)；预示
【拓展】
announcement n. 公告；宣告；发表；通告
announcer n. 广播员；宣告者
【例句】I have an important announcement to make.  
我要宣布一件重要的事情。
【串记】The announcer phoned me to announce 
his decision to call off the announcement. 播音员打电话给我，宣布他决定取消广播。40. annoy /ə'nɒɪ/ vt. 使恼怒；使烦恼；骚扰
【拓展】
1)It annoys sb. that...  ……使某人恼怒
(2)annoyed adj.恼怒的; 烦闷的
be annoyed about 为…感到烦恼 
be annoyed at 为…而生气 
be annoyed with 对(某人)生气
(3)annoying a. 令人恼怒的; 使人烦闷的
annoyance n 恼怒; 烦闷
【例句】①The young man annoyed the bull with a red rag.那个年轻人用一幅红布把公牛激怒了。
②I'm very much annoyed at his behavior.对于他的行为我十分恼火。
③I am very annoyed about that bus conductor.我很生那个公共汽车售票员的气。
【串记】Our children bring us both joy and annoyance. Though sometimes their annoying behavior annoys their mum, they never make me annoyed. 我们的孩子给我们带来欢乐和烦恼。虽然有时他们令人讨厌的行为惹恼了他们的妈妈，但他们从不让我生气。
【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. A person with good manners is an         (agree) companion, because he always thinks of others. 
2. Some experts advise         (bring) in the advanced technology and instrument.
3. The population in that country grows at an         (alarm) rate. 
4. The biggest advantage of the advanced technology is its        (afford) price.
5. I feel kind of        (aim). I don't know what to do next. 
6. The adopted son turned to explain to his stepmother, but she turned away          (anger).
7. The date of the meeting           (advance) from Friday to Thursday. 
8. The dark red flowers look bright         the green leaves.
9. All the              (annoy) has escaped far away when he heard the amusing joke.. 
10. This is one of the most          (effect) methods of learning, as was proved.
二、单句改错。
1. My stepmother doesn’t allow me to go out lonely after midnight. 
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. Large amounts of bags were deserted when the alarm sounded.
  _____________________________________________________________________________
3. I’m amazing that the young girl should get the post. 
  _____________________________________________________________________________
4. I strongly against this rule because it can’t protect pets against abuse and abandonment.  
  _____________________________________________________________________________
5. She is afraid of the advice of her doctor will affect her plan to have a baby.
  _____________________________________________________________________________
6. You can disagree me, but you have to to do so respectfully if you want your comment 
  _____________________________________________________________________________
7. When the alarm went off, all felt alarmed but she was calm.
  _____________________________________________________________________________
8. We allow smoke only in this area. Or else, it will affect more people.
  _____________________________________________________________________________
9. Some young students follow online celebrities(网红) aimless.
  _____________________________________________________________________________
10. We needn’t and shouldn’t follow your advices all the time in all situations.
  _____________________________________________________________________________
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. The programme                     (针对) a teen audience. Of course, adults can enjoy it as well. 
2. You should                     (利用) your skills to beat your rivals.
3. I have to do a part-time job, so that I can                     (租得起) an apartment near my company. 
4. Thanks to the advanced technology, we have              (取得进展) in many ways. 
5. This decision will                     (影响) your life and happiness. Please be cautious. 
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 总而言之，雇主对所我们取得的进展感到高兴。(all in all)
  _____________________________________________________________________________
2. 在这所学校，学生不允许在宿舍里养宠物。(allow sb .to do sth.)
  _____________________________________________________________________________
3. 发达国家有更多的优势(优势)比发展中国家。(advantage)
  _____________________________________________________________________________
4. 在这次事故中，共有五名儿童感染了这种疾病。(get affected with)
  _____________________________________________________________________________
5. 没有地震的提前警报，损失不可能这么小。(advance)
  _____________________________________________________________________________


答案
一、语法填空。
1. agreeable  2. bringing  3. alarming  4. affordable  5. aimless  
6. angrily  7. was advanced  8. against    9. annoyance  10. effective
二、单句改错。
1. lonely→alone  2. amounts→numbers  3. amazing→amazed  4. 在I和strongly之间加am  5. of→that或去掉of  6. 在disagree后面加with  7. alarmed→alarming  8. smoke→smoking  9. aimless→aimlessly  10. advices→advice
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. is aimed at   2. take advantage of  3. afford to rent  4. made advances  5. have an effect on  
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. All in all, the employer is pleased at the progress we have made.
2. Students are not allowed to keep pet in the dormitory in this school.
3. Developed countries have more advantages than developing ones.
4. Five kids in all got affected with the disease in the accident. 
5. Without the advance alarm of the earthquake, the losses couldn’t have been so small.

高考英语核心词汇拓展 Day 3
41. answer /'ɑːnsə/ n. 回答，答复；回信(同reply)；答案；v. 回答，答复；回信； (作出)答案
【拓展】
answer back应答，回复；顶嘴
answer for对……负责，适合
answer to符合，与……一致
in answer to 作为对……回答；应……要求
the answer to ……的答案
【例句】①We cannot answer for his actions．我们不能对他的行为负责。
②This boy answers to your description．这个男孩和你所描绘的一模一样。
③Do you know  the answer to the question?你知道这问题的答案吗?
【串记】“Who should answer for this? Is it you that made the trouble?” the announcer asked the driver in anger. “No, it is not my fault. It’s yours.” The latter answered back, annoyed. “这该由谁来负责呢?”是你惹的麻烦吗? 播音员愤怒地问司机。“不，这不是我的错。这是你的。”后者恼怒地回答。
42. anxious /'æŋ(k)ʃəs/ a. 渴望的(同eager)；焦虑的，担忧的(同worried, concerned)；令人焦虑的
【拓展】
(1)be anxious for/about ...　    为……担心(忧虑)
be anxious for      渴望得到
be (too) anxious (for sb.) to do sth.(非常)渴望(某人)做某事
(2)anxiety n.  焦虑，忧虑，担心
with anxiety      焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv.  焦急地，忧虑地，渴望地
【例句】①She is anxious to go to college now, but anxious about/for not passing the College Entrance Examination.她现在渴望上大学，但又担心不能通过高考。
②If you're worried about your health, share your anxieties with your doctor.你要是担心自己的健康，就把你的忧虑告诉医生吧。
【串记】The alarm caused great anxiety among people. The citizens got anxious about their health and safety. And they were anxious for food and medicine. Soon, the government made an announcement that there was no need to be anxious about their health and safety because they had enough food and medicine in 
store. 警报引起了人们的极大焦虑。市民们担心他们的健康和安全。他们渴望食物和药品。很快，政府宣布，他们没有必要担心他们的健康和安全，因为他们有足够的食物和药物储备。
43. apologize /ə'pɒlədʒaɪz/ vi. 道歉，谢罪
【拓展】
（1）apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉
（2）apology n.      道歉；辩白
make/offer an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse an/one's apology   接受/拒绝某人的道歉
【例句】①You should make an apology to her for your carelessness.你应该为你的粗心大意向她赔礼道歉。
②He offered me an apology for losing my book.他为遗失我的书而向我道歉。
【串记】I must apologize to you because I owe you an apology for what I did.(apologize)
我必须向你道歉，因为我应该为我的所作所为向你道歉。
44. appeal /ə'piːl/ n. & v.上诉；呼吁；吸引(力)；魅力
【拓展】
(1)appeal to　呼吁；上诉；恳求；对某人有吸引力，使某人感兴趣
appeal to sb. to do sth.  呼吁/恳求某人做某事
appeal to sb. for sth.  为某事而向某人呼吁
(2)appeal n.呼吁；恳求；吸引力；上诉 v.有感染力；呼吁；恳求；上诉；有吸引力
make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁/恳求
make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事
(3)appealing adj.吸引人的；恳求的
【例句】①Our school appeals to the students to set
aside at least an hour every day to take exercise in order to raise learning efficiency. 为了提高学习效率，我们学校呼吁学生们每天至少留出一个小时来进行锻炼。
②We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge.为了建造这座桥，我们呼吁村民捐款。
【串记】Martin Luther King appealed to the blacks to appeal to the highest court against racial discrimination，which greatly appealed to the whole world.马丁·路德·金呼吁黑人向最高法庭上诉反对种族歧视，这引起了全世界极大的关注。
45. appear /ə'pɪə/ vi. 出现(反disappear)；出版(同come out)；似乎，显得(近seem)
【拓展】
（1）appear (to be) +n./v. 似乎是
appear to do sth. 似乎做某事it appears (that)/as if从句 似乎（2）appearance (反disappearance)
at first appearance初看起来
in appearance外表上，看上去
to(by, from)all appearances显然【例句】①It appears that he had a taste for music．看来他对音乐还有一定的鉴赏力。
②So far, it appears that China has managed to successfully use its influence. 目前为止，看起来中国已经成功运用了自己的影响力。
【串记】The appealing expert appeared to have disappeared from us forever. 那位有吸引力的专家似乎永远从我们身边消失了
【辨析】 appear/seem/look
appear好象，似乎(强调外表给人的印象，往往并非如此)；seem好象（表示有一定根据的判断，往往接近事实）look好象，看起来（着重由视觉得出的印象） 三词均可接表语，appear, seem可跟不定式。
It looks/seems as if…句型中不用appear。sb./sth. looks as if…句型中不用appear, seem。
seem/appear to do sth. 似乎要做某事，句型中不用look。
It seems/appears that 句型中不用look。
46. apply /ə'plaɪ/ v. 申请；运/应/使用；(对……)适用；涂抹，敷(药)
【拓展】
(1)apply (to sb.) for  (向某人)申请
apply to do sth.      申请去做某事
apply to  适用于(to为介词)
apply ... to ...  把……运用于……
apply oneself to (＝ be applied to)致力于，集中精力于
(2)application n.  请求；申请，申请表；应用
applicant n.      申请人
【例句】①Over the years, he has applied himself to improving the living conditions of the migrant workers. 数年来，他一直致力于改善农民工的生活条件。
②All people are equal, which should apply to the disabled.所有的人都是平等的，这应该也适用于残疾人。
③She applied to the international school for a job as an English teacher.她向这所国际学校申请英语教师的职位。
【串记】In order to know whether his plan was practical, he first applied it to his work , and then he applied for a study to his company about it. At last he applied himself to it and made necessary changes.
为了知道他的计划是否可行，他先把它应用到工作中，然后向公司申请研究。最后，他致力于这个计划，并作出了必要的改变。
47. appoint /ə'pɔɪnt/ v. 任命，委派，指定；约定，预约
【拓展】
(1)appoint sb.(as/to be)＋职位 任命某人担任……职位
appoint sb. to do sth.  委派某人做某事
(2)appointment n.      任命，委派；约定
make/have an appointment with sb.某人有约
keep/break an appointment      守/违约
（3）appointed adj.指定的；约定的
【例句】①I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.我被委派来负责安排在那一天所有的活动。
②I have an appointment with Dr. Smith, but I need to change it. 我与史密斯医生有约，但是需要改变一下。
③He was appointed as/to be manager of the company. But to everyone's surprise, he didn't accept the appointment．他被任命为公司经理，但出乎所有人的意料，他不接受这个任命。
【串记】The manager appointed_Xiao_Li_to_sign  an important contract with that company. Xiao Li made_an_appointment_with  the account manager  ahead of time. Everything went well. The manager was very satisfied with his performance. Later, he was_appointed_as/to_be sales director of his company.
【名师点津】表示委任某人担任某职务时，要分清两种情况：
(1)若指的是抽象的职位(如position，office，presidency，chairmanship等)，则用“appoint sb. to＋抽象职位”。
(2)若指的是具体的某职位(如headmaster，manager，chairman，president等)，则用“appoint sb. (to be/as)＋具体职位”。如：Who shall we appoint (to be/as) chairman of the club？＝Who shall we appoint to the chairmanship of the club？我们派谁担任俱乐部的主席呢？
48. appreciate /ə'priːʃɪeɪt; -sɪ-/ v. 欣赏，赏识；感激 (同be grateful/thankful for)
【拓展】
appreciate doing sth. 乐意做某事
I would appreciate it if …如果……，我将非常感激
appreciation n. 欣赏，赏识；鉴赏；感激
appreciative a. 感激的; 赏识的; 有欣赏力的
【例句】①I'd appreciate your writing me back as soon as possible.你若能尽快地给我回信，我会非常感激。
②I really appreciate it if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent.如果你能给我一个这样的机会来展示我的才能我真的会非常感激。
【串记】I appreciate applying theories to practice and win my appreciative tutor’s appreciation. I feel appreciative of him. 我喜欢把理论应用到实践中去，也赢得了我的有欣赏力的导师的赏识。我很感激他。
【点津】　appreciate后面先接it再跟从句，其中的it指代后面从句的内容，相当于形式宾语。有类似用法的还有：love, hate, like, prefer, dislike等。
49. approach /ə'prəʊtʃ/ n. & v. 接近；靠近；处理；n. 通道；方法，途径
【拓展】
(1)approach sb. on/about (doing) sth.    与某人商量(做)某事
(2)at the approach of      在快到……的时候
make approaches to sb. 设法接近某人
an approach to (doing) sth.      做某事的方法
(3)approachable a. 亲切友善的；易理解的；可接近的
【例句】①I approached him about/on filling the manager's job.我找他商量，问他是否有意当经理。
②The job market has changed and our approach to finding (find) work must change as well.就业市场变了，我们找工作的途径也要改变。
【串记】With the approach of evening, the tourists approached the destination. In fact， there is a shorter approach to the destination. 随着夜幕的降临，游客们逐渐接近了目的地。事实上,有一个短的通道到目的地。
易错点拨
(1)approach表示“……的方法/途径”时，后常接介词to；当表示某人或某物的来临时，其后常接介词of。
(2)表示“……来临”的表达有：be approaching，be drawing near，be (just) around the corner，be coming等。
50. approve /ə'pruːv/ vt. 批准，认可；vi. 赞同 (反disapprove)
【拓展】
(1)approve of sth./doing sth.　赞成某事，同意做某事
approve of sb. doing sth.      同意某人做某事
(2)approval n.      赞成；同意
meet with sb.'s approval      得到某人的批准
win/earn sb.'s approval      取得某人的同意/赞成
with/without approval of      经/未经……的批准
(3)approving a. 赞成/同的，满意的→disapproving
【例句】①I approve of your trying to make some money, but please don't neglect your studies.我赞成你设法赚些钱，但请不要荒废学业。
②By doing well at school he hoped to win his parents' approval．他在学校表现不错，希望以此得到父母的赞许。
【串记】Everyone had approved of the plan of building a park in the rural area, so we referred it to the committee to meet with its approval. One month later, we began to build the park with approval of the government. 每个人都赞同在农村建造公园的计划，所以我们把它提交委员会，以经其批准。一个月后，我们经政府批准开始建造公园。
Apart
(1)tell A from B/tell the difference between A and B/distinguish between A and B/distinguish A from B      　把A和B区分开来
(2)fall apart      土崩瓦解
apart from      除……之外
①I think it is quite impossible for us to tell the twin brothers apart.＝I think it is quite impossible for us to tell_the_difference_between the twin brothers.对于我们来说，把这对双胞胎兄弟区分开来我认为是不可能的。
②Apart_from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.除了脸部和双手受伤以外，他的两条腿也断了。
It's almost impossible to tell Jackie and Moira apart since they had their hair cut.杰姬和莫伊拉都把头发剪了，几乎不可能把她俩区别开来。
51. area /'eərɪə/ n. 地区/方，区域；场所；领域；面积
【拓展】
cover an area of 占地面积为
industrial/no-smoking area 工业区/无烟区
on the area 在…范围内
【例句】We allow smoking only in this area. 我们只允许在这个区吸烟。
【辨析】area, district, region
这三个词意思是“地区”。 area指较大的地区时侧重其“面积”,不指行政上的地理单位; region所表示的“地区”,指有地理界限或具有某种特色,自成一个单位的地区,一般是较大的行政单位,如我国的自治区(autonomous region); district所指的“地区”范围比region小。
【串记】The factory covers an area of 15,000 square metres, with the first-class workshops and advanced equipment. It is in the lead in many areas. 工厂占地面积15000平方米，拥有一流的厂房和先进的设备。它在许多领域处于领先地位。
52. argue /'ɑːgjuː/ vi. 争论/执/吵；论证；护理力争
【拓展】
(1)argue with sb. about/over sth.与某人辩论某事
argue for/against sth.      赞成/反对某事
argue sb. into/out of doing sth.  说服某人做/不做某事
argue that ...      主张；认为
(2)argument n.      争论；辩论
【例句】①I managed to argue her into taking a walk with me after supper. 晚饭后，我设法让她和我一起散步。
②He was unhappy because many people argued against his plan. 他不高兴，因为许多人反对他的计划。
③Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. 反对电视的另一个论点是，它取代了阅读作为一种娱乐形式。
【串记】Experts are arguing over the new treatment. Some argue for it. Others argue against it. In fact, both lack argument. 专家们对这种新疗法争论不休。一些人对此表示支持。其他人则持反对意见。事实上，两者都缺乏论据。
She argued for going to see a movie alone. Finally, her parents argued her out of going alone. So she invited Jane to go together. However, they argued with each other about/over which film to see. 她主张一个人去看电影。最后，她的父母劝她不要单独去。于是她邀请简一起去。然而，他们争论着要看哪部电影。
53. arm /ɑːm/ n. 手臂，胳膊；支架；扶手；（复）武器；v. 武装起来
【拓展】
arm in arm 臂挽臂(地)，手挽手(地)
with open arms 张开双臂；热情地；亲切地
arm sb. with sth. 用某物武装某人
armed a. 武装的, 带武器的
be armed with武装有
armchair n. 轮椅
arms n. (军队的)武器
army n. 军队；陆军  join the ~ 参军
【例句】Teachers must arm their students with wisdom. 老师必须用智慧武装学生。
【串记】Much to our delight, the guards armed with guns received us with open arms!  Another good piece news is that the army will be armed with advanced arms. 令我们高兴的是，持枪的警卫们张开双臂迎接我们! 另一则好消息是军队将装备新武器。
54. arrange /əˈreɪndʒ/ v. 安排，筹划；布置
【拓展】
(1)arrange for准备，安排
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange with sb.about(for)sth．与(某人)商议(某事)
(2)arrangement n. 安排，筹划；布置
【例句】① I’ve arranged to see them tomorrow morning．我已安排好明早和他们见面。
②The teacher arranged for him to spend one day in the laboratory.老师安排他在实验室做了一天实验。
③Would you please arrange an appointment?  你能安排个约会吗?
【串记】The manager arranges for me to test the application and I agree to the arrangement. 经理安排我对申请进行测试，我同意。
55. arrive /ə'raɪv/ vi. 到达，到来
【拓展】
(1)arrive at 到达(小地方)；达成(协议)，得出(结论)
arrive in 到达(大地方)
(2)arrival n. 到达，到来
on arrival到达
cash on arrival货到付款
arrival of an agreement得出一致意见
【例句】We arrived at the station twenty minutes earlier．我们提前20分钟到了本站。
【串记】On arrival, the representatives began to discuss the issue but they failed to arrive at any agreement. 代表们一到达就开始讨论这个问题，但没有达成任何协议。
【辨析】arrive/get to/reach
arrive vi.需接介词in(接大地方)，at(接小地方)； 
reach vt. 到达；达到
get to相当于reach，到达。 
56. art /ɑːt/ n. 艺/美术；艺术品；(复) 文科
【拓展】
a master of arts 文科/学硕士
artistic a. 艺术的；风雅的，有美感的
artificial a. 人造/工的；矫揉造作的
artist n. 艺术家，美术家(犹指国画的)
article n. 文章；冠词；物品(同item)
【例句】We like not only music but also art. 我们不但喜欢音乐，而且也喜欢美术。
【串记】The artist, a master of arts, is not only good at drawing but also at writing articles. He is famous in the area of art and successful in many areas. 这位艺术家，一位文科硕士，不仅擅长绘画，而且擅长写文章。他在艺术领域很有名，在许多领域都很成功。
57. as /æz; əz/ conj. 当……时；一边……一边……；随着；因为；虽然，尽管；按照；ad. 如同；prep. 作为，当做；pron. 正如(引导非限制性定语从句)
【拓展】
as…as 与……一样
as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as或as＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋as与……一样
as...as one can/could＝as...as possible尽可能……
as for 关/至于(用于引起话题)
as if/though 好像，似乎            as long as只要
as soon as一……，就……    as to至于，关于
as well也，另外
as well as以及，又，既……又……
as yet至今，到目前为止    so as to以便
【例句】①I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students.航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。
②She has as sweet a voice as her mother.她的声音像她妈妈的一样甜美。
③As for whether you should be changing your job
─only you can decide.  至于是否要改变你的工作，只有你才能作出决定。
【串记】Young as she is, she is as able as her father. As she grows, she begins to control the firm on her own as she is the only child. As a girl, she has succeeded, as it is expected. 她虽然年轻，却和她父亲一样能干。随着她的成长，她开始自己控制公司，因为她是唯一的孩子。作为一个女孩，她成功了，这是意料之中的。
58. ask /ɑːsk/ v. 问，询问；请/要求，邀请；索要
【拓展】
ask sb．about向(某人)打听(询问)
ask (sb.)for sth. (向某人)要某物
ask too much要求太过分，要价太高 
ask for trouble自找苦吃，自找麻烦
ask the way(price)问路(问价)
ask sb．to do sth．请某人去做某事
ask sb．for help请某人帮忙【例句】You should never ask about a salary during 
the first interview.  第一次面试的时候绝对不要问关于薪资的问题。
【串记】If you ask your artist father for allowance or ask him to accompany you, you are asking for trouble. 如果你向你的艺术家父亲要零用钱或请他陪你，你是在自找麻烦。
59. assess /ə'ses/ v. 评价/定；估算/价
【拓展】
assessment n. 评价/定；估算/价
【例句】Some experts are arranged for to assess the effects of the disaster. 一些专家被安排去评估这场灾难的影响。
【串记】A teacher’s assessment of a student has a great effect on his or her development. So it is difficult and important to assess a student. 教师对学生的评价对学生的发展有很大的影响。所以评估一个学生是困难而重要的。
【形近区分】access 通道，进入，获取，使用；
success成功；assess评估/价；possess拥有。
60. assist /ə'sɪst/ v. 辅/协/援/帮助
【拓展】
assist sb．with sth．用……来帮助某人                 assistance n. 辅/协/援/帮助
assist sb．to do sth．(in doing sth．)帮助某人做某事      assistant n. 助手/理/教

【例句】Two students assisted me with the experiment．两个学生帮助我做这实验。
【串记】The tutor appreciates his assistant’s assistance. Later，the assistant was appointed as an assistant professor. 导师感谢/欣赏助理的帮助。后来，助理被任命为助理教授助理。




【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. The announcement relieved the employees’ fear and       (anxious)
2. I know everyone who is existing in this world now will         (appear) one day. 
3. Don't be afraid to talk to the star. She is quite          (approach) indeed. 
4. The artist, who has no other hobbies, appreciates         (visit) art museums. 
5. The artists of that period regard building, furniture as another kind of          (art) creation. 
6. After all, one of the       (advantage) of having artificial limbs(四肢) is that you can upgrade them. 
7. The          (assess) took into consideration the average level of education and family income. 
8. Our development needs the support and            (assist) of every customer. 
9. A loyalty card can be fitted with an RFID tag(镭射识别标签) to identify customers on        (arrive). 
10. My tutor always asks me        (try) different approaches to a problem.
二、单句改错。
1. I do not agree to your approach of the matter. I don’t think it is of use. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. We will arrive at Shanghai on Friday evening and set off for Beijing the following morning.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. An expert announced he knew the answer of this question.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. The law apply to all; no one is above the law.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. The expert adopted different approach to the problem.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. I don’t want to argue with you for such small things.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. At last an assistant came up with a argument against tearing down the museum. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. In modern times, everyone should be arming with the knowledge of the Internet.
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. The shop assistant’s dream was join the army as a child. He admired soldiers at that time.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. The art gallery covers an area of 12,000 square meters, so large as the museum.
_______________________________________________________________________________
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. If you're late, you should                     (道歉) to the host either immediately or later. 
2. Many farm also actively explore some personalized service to              (吸引) consumers. 
3. Our father won’t                (赞同)any sacrifice(牺牲) of studies to sports. 
4. The couple usually strolled                     (手挽手) along the artificial lake in the People’s 
Park.  
5. He just shrugged(耸) his shoulders                     (作为对…的回应)our request for help. 
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 不要为学费焦虑。家庭贫困的学生可以向学校申请奖学金。(apply to sb. for sth.)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 最好的方法是提前和医生预约。(make an appointment with)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. 如果你让我使用您的应用软件，我将感谢你的帮忙。(would appreciate it if )
_______________________________________________________________________________
4.至于我应该读些什么，你能给出一些建议吗？(as to)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5.看来我们的安排对所有的孩子都有吸引力。(It appears that)
_______________________________________________________________________________

【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. anxiety  2. disappear  3. approachable  4. visiting  5. artistic  6. advantages  7. assessment   8. assistance  9. arrival  10. to try

二、单句改错。
1. of→to  2. at→in    3. of→to   4. apply→applies  5. approach→approaches  6. for→about/over  7. a→an  8. arming→armed  9. 在was和join之间加to  10. so→as(只有表示否定时，才可以用so…as，意思是“不如”)

三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. make an apology   2. appeal to   3. approve of  4. arm in arm  5. in answer to   
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. Don’t be anxious about/for the tuition. Students from poor families can apply to schools for scholarships.
2. The best way is to make an appointment with your doctor in advance.
3. I would appreciate it if you could allow me to use your application. 
4. Can you make some suggestion as to what I should read? 
5. It appears that our arrangement appeals to all the kids.

高考英语核心词汇拓展  Day 4
61. associate /ə'səʊʃɪeɪt; -sɪeɪt/ v. 把…联想/系起来；结交；n. 合伙人
【拓展】
associate with 与…交往,联系；跟……交友
associate …with把…与…联系在一起
associated a. 联系的，有关的
be associated with与……相联系
association n. 联想/系；关联；交往；协会，联盟
in association with与……联合，与……有关
类推：
1. connect A with B  把A和B联系起来
connect A to /with B  把A和B连接起来
be connected with/to与…相连接
be connected with与…相联系/关联
2. relate A with /to B 将A和B从思想上或意义上联系起来
be related to与…有关（联）
3. combine A with/and B把A、B结合起来
4. join A to/and B  把A、B连接起来
5. link A with/and B  将A、B联系/联想起来, 将A、B连接起来。
6. be concerned with与……有关，涉及
【例句】 Poets associate roses with love. 诗人把玫瑰与爱情联系在一起。
【串记】 The poor boy associates with some bad guys, but his failure isn’t associated with his association with them. However, his parents associate the failure with it. 这个可怜的男孩与一些坏人交往，但他的失败与他与他们的交往无关。然而他的父母把失败与之联系在一起。
62. astonish /ə'stɒnɪʃ/ v. 使大为惊讶，使惊骇(近surprise/amaze)
【拓展】
(1) astonished adj.      感到惊讶的，吃惊的
be astonished to do sth.      对做某事感到惊讶
be astonished at/by sth.      对某事感到惊讶
(2) astonishing adj.      令人惊讶的
(3) astonishment n. 惊骇；令人惊讶的事物 
to one’s astonishment令人惊讶的是
in astonishment　惊讶/奇地
【例句】①I was astonished at/by the news that twelve Chinese crew were kidnapped and killed in Thailand.我对中国的12名船员在泰国被绑架杀害的消息感到震惊。
②“It is you that broke the window？” the teacher asked and looked at the shy boy in astonishment.“是你打碎的玻璃窗？”老师惊奇地看着并问羞怯的小男孩。
③To my astonishment, she remembered my name.
让我吃惊的是，她竟然记得我的名字。
【点津】　“to one's＋n.”结构在句中作插入语，当表示“令某人感到非常……的是……”时，可用“to one's great＋n.”或“much to one's ＋n.”来表示。
【串记】To our astonishment,the boss wasn't_
astonished_at the astonishing news that our team lost the match. And we all looked at him in_astonishment.
使我们吃惊的是，老板对于我们队比赛失败的令人震惊的消息并不感到惊奇。我们都吃惊地看着他。
63. attach /ə'tætʃ/ v. 系，贴，连接；附加/属
【拓展】
attach sth. to sth.  把某物系/贴到某物上
attach oneself to sb./sth. 依附于某人；参加某事
attach importance/significance to 认为……重要/有意义
attached a. 依附的；爱/依恋的
be attached to  依恋；爱慕；留恋；附属于
attachment n. 依附；附属物；依恋，爱慕
【例句】①You are required to attach an introduction to your innovation so that others can know how to use it.要求你们对自己的创意作品附上说明，以便其他人能够知道如何使用。
②Just as this sentence reveals, many of us teenagers attach much more importance to our phones than to our friends. 正像这句话所揭示的那样，我们很多年轻人重视手机远远超过了重视朋友。
③Why did you attach yourself to only one club when you want to learn more skills? 既然你想学习更多的技能为什么只参加了一个俱乐部？
【串记】This hospital is attached to a university and the government attaches importance to it. However, the doctors and nurses are not attached to it. 这家医院隶属于一所大学，政府非常重视。然而，医生和护士对它并无依恋。
attack / ə'tæk /vt.袭击；攻击；抨击；(疾病)侵袭n.攻击；进攻；抨击；病情发作
【拓展】
(1)attack sb.for sth.由于某事而责难某人
attack sb.with sth.      用某物攻击某人
be attacked with a disease     患病
(2)launch/make an attack on/upon ...对……发动进攻
under attack     受到攻击
【例句】①The computer attacked by some unknown virus can't work well now. 被一些未知病毒攻击的计算机现在不能正常工作。
②Many people made an attack on/upon the government's policies. 许多人抨击政府的政策。
③The government has come under attack for not doing enough to deal with terrorism.政府由于在反恐方面没有做出足够的努力而受到攻击。
64. attempt /ə'tem(p)t/ vt. & n. 试/企图，尝试；努力(同try)
【拓展】(1)attempt to do...尝试(试图)做……
(2)make an attempt to do/(at) doing...尝试做……
at the first attempt第一次尝试
(3)attempted adj. (只位于名词前)企图的，未遂的
【例句】①Don’t attempt to do more than you can 
realistically accomplish in 90 days. 不要试图在90天内完成你实际上不可能完成的事情。
② She made an attempt to leave/at leaving for camping with her classmates but was stopped by her parents.她试图和她的同学动身去野营，但被她的父母拦住了。
【串记】 In an attempt to support himself, he made an attempt to take up a part-time job. After the failure of some attempts, he made no more attempt. 为了养活自己，他试图做一份兼职工作。在一些尝试失败后，他不再尝试了。
65. attend /ə'tend/ v. 看护，照料，服侍；出席，参加；上(学、课等)
【拓展】
(1)attend on/upon    服侍，照料
attend to      照顾；处理，对付；注意；关心
(2)attend school/church      上学/去教堂(名词前无冠词)
attend a meeting/lecture      出席会议/听演讲
attend a wedding/funeral      参加婚礼/葬礼
(3)attendance n. 出席/勤；出席人数
attendant n. 服务员，伺者；随从
【例句】①I can't go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend to.今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。
②She was praised for having attended on/upon her sick mother­in­law for over thirty years.她伺候生病的婆婆三十多年，受到人们的称赞。
③You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city where you live to attend an international meeting.
你知道，我的叔叔李明要去你居住的城市参加一个国际会议。
【点津】　attend to作“处理”讲时，与do/deal with近义；作“照顾”讲时，与take care of, look after近义。
【串记】Attending a lecture, you should attend to what the lecturer says. And your grades will be assessed according to your attendance. 听讲座时，你应该注意听讲人讲的话。你的成绩将根据你的出勤率来评定。
66. attention /ə'tenʃ(ə)n/ n. 注意，专心；关心，照料  
【拓展】
attract/draw /catch one's attention 引起某人的注意
bring ...to one's attention ＝ call one's attention to ...
使某人注意……
devote one's attention to ...  把注意力放在……
fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on/upon ...注意力集中在……
keep/hold one’s attention 保持某人的注意力
pay attention to ...  注意……
turn one's attention to ...将某人的注意力转向……
attentive a. 注意的，留/专心的
attentively ad. 专注地
【例句】①Recently, the media have been focusing/fixing/concentrating their attention on/upon the rising petrol price. 近来，媒体一直在关注汽油价格上涨问题。
②As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted many people's attention.这个项目在会议上一提出来就吸引了很多人的注意。
【串记】It is easy to draw a child’s attention, but is hard to hold his or her attention. We must pay attention to developing his or her attentiveness. 吸引孩子的注意力很容易，但要抓住他或她的注意力却很难。我们必须注意培养他或她的注意力。
67. attitude /'ætɪtjuːd/ n. 态度；看法
【拓展】
attitude to/towards ...对……的态度/看法
have/take a positive/negative attitude to/towards ...
对……持肯定/否定的态度
take/adopt a(n) ...attitude 采取……的态度
in a(n)...attitude以……态度
【例句】①Age has ripened his attitude to/towards some things.随着年龄的增长，他对某些事情的看法日趋成熟。
②In contrast, people who have/take a negative attitude towards/to life have buried the ability to see opportunities.相对而言，对生活持否定态度的人已埋没了看到机会的能力。
③The photograph has caught him in the attitude of prayer. 这张照片使他以祈祷的态度流行起来。
【串记】Attitudes to work vary from person to person. Some have a positive attitude to it, while others take a negative attitude towards it. Different attitudes lead to different results. 对工作的态度因人而异。有些人对此持积极态度，而另一些人则持消极态度。不同的态度导致不同的结果。
68. attract /ə'trækt/ v. 吸引，引起(……的兴趣)
【拓展】
(1)attract one's attention吸引某人的注意力
attract sb. to sb./sth. 引起某人对某人/某物的注意
(2)attractive adj. 吸引人的；迷人的，有魅力的
be attractive to 对……有吸引力
(3)attraction n [U]吸引(力)；[C]具有吸引力的人/物
have no attraction for sb. 对某人没有吸引力
【例句】①What first attracted me to him was his sense of humor.他首先吸引我的是他的幽默感。
②Mount Tai is attractive to tourists for its beautiful scenery and historical sites.泰山的风景名胜和历史古迹对旅游者很有吸引力。
①The Forbidden City attracts a constant stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.紫禁城每天都吸引着络绎不绝的游客，特别是在国庆节期间。
【串记】The attractive applicant makes full use of her attraction in an effort to get the job which is attractive to her. 具有吸引力的求职者充分利用自己的吸引力，努力得到对自己有吸引力的工作。
69. average /'æv(ə)rɪdʒ/ a. 平均的；普通的；n. 平均数；一般水平
【拓展】
an average of平均有后跟数词……
the average of...……的平均数
up to the average达到平均水平
on an/the average平均；一般地
【例句】①Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000, an average of40,000 per year．去年毕业时有驾照的学生数量已达到20万，平均每年4万。
②It is shown that men have twice as many serious accidents as women do on average while driving according to recent statistics．据最近的研究表明，男性在开车时发生的严重事故平均是女性的两倍。
【串记】Attendant is an average job. Their pay is 2000 dollars on average. 服务员是一份普通的工作。他们的平均工资是2000美元。
【点津】“an average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 
70. avoid /ə'vɒɪd/ v. 避免，躲开，逃避
【拓展】
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
avoidable a. 可以避免的 (反unavoidable)
avoidance n. 避免，逃避；废止
【例句】He dislikes her and often avoids being met by her in any occasion．他不喜欢她，经常避免在任何场合遇见她。
【串记】All motorists should avoid driving after drinking. If so, most accidents are avoidable. 所有驾车者应避免酒后驾驶。如果是这样，大多数事故都是可以避免的。
易错点拨
(1)avoid后接动词时要用动名词，不接不定式，且后不接that从句。
(2)avoid通常指“成功地避免”，如果表示“企图避免”，应用try to avoid。
71. award /ə'wɔːd/ n. 奖品/金/状，奖励；v. 授予
【拓展】
award sth. to sb. ＝award sb. sth. 
把某物颁发给某人
win/receive/get an award for...
因……而赢得/得到/获得奖项
【例句】①The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. 金牌将颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。
②She won an award for her outstanding performance. 她因出色的表现而获奖。
【串记】After being awarded, he announced “So at this lovely night, I get the award, they own the hon-or. ” 获奖之后，他宣布因此在这个可爱的夜晚，我获得了这个奖项，而荣誉属于他们。
【点津】
(1)要表示多少奖金，通常用“an award of＋钱数”。
(2)表示“授予”时可接双宾语。
【辨析】award/reward/prize
award v. & n.奖品；奖励(重在重大贡献)；reward v. & n. 奖赏，报酬(重在指回报)；prize n. 奖品/金（指在竞争/竞赛中或重大贡献获得的奖）。
72. aware /ə'weə/ a. 知道的；意识到的 (反unaware)
【拓展】
be aware of 知道，意识到，觉察到
be aware that 从句 知道
awareness n. 意/认识; 明白，知道 
raise the awareness of 提高…的意识
【例句】①She was not aware of her danger.她没有意识到危险。
②Are you aware that this is China's internal affair?你知道不知道，这是中国内政?
③We are not aware how long he has stayed here．我们不知道他在这里呆了多久了。
【串记】Many people are still not aware of the association between smoking and lung cancer. Something must be done to raise their awareness of risk of health. 许多人仍然不知道吸烟和肺癌之间的联系。必须采取措施提高他们对健康风险的认识。
73. back /bæk/ ad. 回（原处）；向后；a. 后面的；n. 背后，后部；背；v. 后退；支持
【拓展】
at the back of在……背后，在……后面
in the back of在……的后部(同behind)
back and forth来回，往返；援助
back down放弃；让步；退却
back off退出；不坚持
back up支持；向后退，倒退
keep sb．back阻止某人向前
keep sth．back留下，保留；隐瞒，不告诉
background n. 背景
backpack n. 背包
backstage n. 后台，在/向后台
backward a. & ad. 向后(的) (反forward)；落后的  
backwards ad. 向后
【例句】 He walked back and forth, with the hands behind his back, looking very annoyed.  他来回走着，双手放在背后，看上去很生气。
【串记】 A boy sitting at the back of the room rose and put his backpack on his back. Walking out to the hill in back of the house. Nobody knew anything about his background except that he is from a backward village. 坐在房间后面的一个男孩站起来，把背包背在背上。走到房子后面的山上。除了知道他来自一个了落后的山村以外没有人知道他的背景。
74. bad /bæd/ a. 坏的；劣质的(反good)；严重的  
【拓展】
be bad for对…不利；对…有害   
be bad at 不善于，不擅长
go bad 变坏，开始腐坏
go from bad to worse 每况愈下，越来越糟
badly ad. 非常，很；严重地，厉害地；恶劣地  
badly  off潦倒的(反well-off)
【例句】 Shy people are bad at associating with others. 害羞的人不善于与人交往。
【串记】 The food has gone bad. It will be bad for our health if we eat it. The condition of the fridge is going from bad to worse. It needs repairing badly. 食物变坏了。如果我们吃它会对我们的健康有害。冰箱的状况越来越糟了。它急需修理。
75. balance /'bæl(ə)ns/ n. 平衡；余额;  v.  (使)平衡；结算；使相称
【拓展】
(1)the balance of nature自然平衡
keep/lose/break the balance  保持/失去/打破平衡
on balance      总的来说
(2)balance ...against ...  把……与……进行权衡
balance ... with ...      使……与……平衡
(3)balanced adj.      平衡的
keep a balanced diet  保持饮食均衡
【例句】①So I suggest you should keep the balance between your study and entertainment, such as doing sports, listening to music and so on.因此，我建议你应该保持学习和娱乐之间的平衡，如做运动、听音乐等。
②Many people have come to realize that they should keep a balanced diet.许多人开始认识到他们应该保持饮食均衡。
【串记】 Even if you have no balance in the bank card, you should have a balanced diet, you should eat 
fruit every day, and eat more vegetables. If you lose your balance, you will fall ill. 即使你的银行卡上没有余额，你也应该有一个平衡的饮食，你应该每天吃水果，多吃蔬菜。如果你失去平衡，你就会生病。
76. ban /bæn/ v. 禁止，取缔；n. 禁止/令/忌
【拓展】
the ban on (doing) sth. 对(做)某事的禁令
ban … from doing sth. 禁止…做某事
lift(remove)the ban解禁 
place (put)under a ban禁止
【例句】We should ban smoking not only in public, 
but also at home.  我们不仅要在公共场合禁烟，在家里也要禁止吸烟。
【串记】The ban which bans women from working outside shall be lifted. 禁止妇女外出工作的禁令应予解除。
类推 prevent/stop/keep sb./sth. from doing sth.
77. base /beɪs/ n. 基部/础/地；v. 以…为基地
【拓展】base A on B 让A以B为基础，把A建立在B上
be based on 以…为基础 
be based in 位于，总部设在
at the base of 在……底部
basement n. 地下室，地窖
basic a. 基础/本的
basically ad. 基本上，主要地
basis n. 基础；根据  
on the basis of以…为基础/根据
【例句】①We must base ourselves on the interests of the people.我们一定要从人民的利益出发。
②I found a small leaf at the base of the flower.我在那朵花的底部发现一片小叶。
③This novel is based on historical facts.这部小说是以历史事实为根据的。
【串记】Our company, which is based on the idea that the customer is God, is based in the downtown. It is expensive there. Some clerks sleep in the basement.
我们公司的总部设在市中心，以“顾客就是上帝”的理念为基础。那里很贵。一些职员睡在地下室。
78. bath /bɑːθ/ n. 沐浴；浴室/盆
【拓展】
have/take a bath 洗澡
bathe /beɪð/ v. 沐浴，洗澡
bathroom n. 浴室；厕所；盥洗室
bathtub(tub) n. 浴缸；浴/澡盆
【例句】In summer, you should bathe your cat once 
every day. 在夏天，你应该每天给你的猫洗一次澡。
【串记】The bathtub is nice but the bathroom is under repair, so we can’t have a bath indoor. But you can bathe in the river below.  浴缸很好，但是浴室正在修理，所以我们不能在室内洗澡。但是你可以在下面的河里洗澡。
79. bear /beə/ (bore, borne) v. 忍受；容忍(同stand)；承受，承担；生育(同give birth to) ；具有；n. 熊
【拓展】bear…in mind/bear in mind that从句 把…牢记
bear responsibilities 承担责任
can’t bear to do/doing sth. 不能容忍做某事
can’t bear sb. doing sth. 不能容忍某人做某事
【例句】I can't bear young people casting away their youth.我无法忍受年轻人虚掷青春。
I'll bear your advice in my mind.我要把你的劝告记在心里。
【串记】Uncle Tom volunteers to bear the responsibility of protecting the bear that has borne four babies. He can’t bear hunters hunting them. 汤姆叔叔自愿承担起保护那只生了四个孩子的熊的责任。他不能忍受猎人捕猎他们。80. beauty /'bjuːtɪ/ [U] 美，美丽；[C]美人；美好的事物
【拓展】beautiful a. 美丽的；迷人的；出色的 
beautiful flowers(music，scenery，weather)美丽的花朵(悦耳的音乐、优美的风景、宜人的天气) 
the true，the good and the beautifuI真善美
beautify v. (使)美化，(使)变美
【例句】The tourists are attached to the beauty of nature. 旅游者被大自然的美所吸引。
【串记】It is human nature to love beauty, so everyone wants to look beautiful. But when a girl attempts to beautify herself, her beauty must be based on health and safety. 爱美是人类的天性，所以每个人都想看起来漂亮。
【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. The chairman appointed his attendant president of the           (associate). 
2. All of us can’t bear people        (spit) in public places, especially in hospitals and libraries. 
3. The grows small plants and buys artificial flowers in an attempt to        (beauty) the bedroom.
4. The disaster increased our          (aware) of the power of nature.
5. Failure is            (avoid) in our daily life though we all long for success in everything we do.
6. You do not have to be             (attract) person in the world to be incredibly sexy.
7. Much to my           (astonish), she still remembered my name! 
8. Money is just an            (attach), not the final destination. 
9. Tom and Huck are astonished            (realize) they have witnessed a murder. 
10. Doctors are trained to do everything to keep a patient alive, and they associate death         failure.

二、单句改错。
1. Luckily, the attendant was not bad hurt in the traffic accident. It should have been avoided.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. I like her, not because of her career success, but because of her ofto attitude toward life. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. We all listened very attentive, and only occasionally somebody put in a word. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. As you can see, if you are working outside, you can not avoid associate with others. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Your luggage has been sent for. You just take a bathe and a good rest. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. The law bans humans from teat animals badly.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. Those kids in the back of the class are all loafers. They never study or do anything. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. Therefore, people should be aware of the best gift to children is not money, but an independent personality.
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. Over the decades, daily handwriting lessons have decreased from aan average of 30 minutes to 15. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. Businesses must attach importance to build up long association with customers. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. How much do you spend on beauty products              (平均) every month? 
2. The lights-out event is part of Earth Hour, an effort to                      (引起人们注意) climate change. 
3. He reached this conclusion                             (基于) the experimental data. 
4.A job interview is beneficial to both the employer and the employee so they should                      (重视) it. 
5. The union leaders will meet tomorrow                             (企图) arrive at an agreement. 
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 你们的价格应该是基于我们的客户群的实际情况。 (be based on) 
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 我们希望情况有所改善，但是情况确是越来越糟。(go from bad to worse)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. 这所中学隶属于一所大学。(be attached to) 
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. 我不知道女性为什么应该和弱势联系在一起。(be associated with)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. 我们应该共同肩负着沉重的责任。(bear responsibilities) 
_______________________________________________________________________________










【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. association  2. spitting  3. beautify  4. awareness  5. unavoidable  6. the most attractive  7. astonishment   8. attachment  9. to realize  10. with/and

二、单句改错。
1. bad→badly  2. of→to/attitude  3. attentive→attentively  4. associate→associating  5. bathe→bath  6. teat→treating  7. 在in 和 back之间加the  8. of→that或去掉of  9. a→an  10. build→building
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. on average  2. call attention to  3. on the basis of  4. attach importance to   5. in an attempt to

四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. Your price should be based on the actual situation of our customers.
2. We are hoping for an improvement but things have gone from bad to worse. 
3. The middle school is attached to a university. 
4. I don't know why women should be associated with weakness. 
5. We should bear heavy responsibilities on our shoulders.

高考英语核心词汇拓展Day 5
81. before /bɪ'fɔː/ prep. & conj. 在…以前/前面(反behind, after)；ad. 以前
【拓展】
before long 不久以后
long before 很久以前
before it is too late在为时太晚之前，趁还来得及
before sb. could do shth. 某人还没来得及走某事就
It＋be＋（not）时间段＋before 从句 “过（没过）多久才（就）……”
【例句】①The guide asked the tourists to get on the bus before they could take some photos.游客们还没来得及拍照，导游就要求他们上车。
②It will be two hours before I can afford time to pick up my son.要过两个小时，我才能抽出时间接我儿子。
③It won't be long before we meet again.过不了多久我们就会再见面的。
【串记】I had never entered the basement before. Yesterday, my assistant rushed out of it before it was too late. The fire did some damage to it. Before long, it will be repaired. 我以前从未进过地下室。昨天，我的助手趁还来得及冲了出来。大火对它造成了一些损害。不久，它就会被修好。
【辨析】before/ago
before ad. 以前，可以单独使用，位于句末；也可以放在一段时间以后，表示以过去为起点的一段时间以前，常与过去完成时连用；此外，before还可用作介词、连词: 在…以前。
ago ad. 以前，放在一段时间以后表示以现在为起点的一段时间以前，与一般过去时连用。
82. beg /beg/ vt. 乞讨；恳/乞求
【拓展】
beg (sb.)for sth.  (向某人)乞求某物
beg (sb.) to do sth. 恳求(某人)做某物
I beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。
beggar n. 乞丐
【例句】The applicant begged the manager to give his another chance. 申请人恳求经理再给他一次机会。
【串记】A beggar begged a beauty for a dollar. But a policeman banned him from begging in the street. 一个乞丐向一位美女乞讨一美元。但是一个警察禁止他在街上乞讨。 
83. begin /bɪ'gɪn/ (began，begun) v. 开始(同start, 反end)，着手
【拓展】
(1)begin doing/to do sth. 开始做某事
begin with由……开始
begin by(doing)从(做)……开始，首先做……
begin on(upon)着手于……
to begin with首先，最初，开始
(2)beginner n. 初学者，创始人
(3)beginning n. 开始，起点 
at the beginning of 在…开头 
in the beginning开始时，起初 
from beginning to end从头到尾
【例句】At the beginning of junior middle school, I began to admire scientists. 在初中开始的时候，我开始崇拜科学家。 
【串记】To begin with, a beginner must have a positive attitude before learning. He has to stick to the approach from beginning to end. 首先，初学者在学习前必须有一个积极的态度。他必须从头到尾坚持这个方法。
84. behave /bɪ'heɪv/ v. 守规矩，行为，表现
【拓展】
learn how to behave学会礼貌
behave oneself守规矩，举止规矩
well-/badly-behaved a. 守/不守规矩的
behavior(美behavior) n. 行为，举止
【例句】He behaves himself like a man.他表现得像一男子汉。
His behaviour shows his lack of eonsideration for others.他的行为表明他没有考虑到别人。
【串记】 In the beginning, the badly-behaved boy didn’t adapt to the environment. Later, he behaved himself. His behavior is worth praising. 起初，这个行为不端的男孩不适应环境。后来，他表现得很好。他的行为值得表扬。
85. believe /bɪ'liːv/ v. 相信；认为，猜想
【拓展】
believe in 信任/赖；信仰/奉；相信有  
believe it or not 信不信由你
it is believed that 从句 人们认为/相信……
belief n. 相信，信赖/仰；教义  
beyond belief 难以置信 
have belief in对……有信心
【例句】The stepmother can believe her adopted son, but she can not believe in him. 我相信他说的话是真的，但是不相信他的为人。
【串记】It is widely believed that there is no ghost. But believe it or not, my tutor believes in ghosts. 人们普遍认为鬼是不存在的。但是信不信由你，我的导师相信有鬼。
86. belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/ vi. 属于，附属
【拓展】
belong to 属于，附属
belonging n. 归属感；所有物
belongings n. 财产，所有物
【例句】China belongs to the Third World．中国属于第三世界。
【串记】All the belongings belongs to the artist but he wants to abandon them. 所有的财产都属于这位艺术家，但他想放弃它们。
87. benefit /'benɪfɪt/ n. & v.利益；收益；使…受益
【拓展】
benefit sb./sth. 对某人/物有益
benefit from/by 从……中获益；得益于
for the benefit of sb.＝ for one's benefit为了某人的利益
hurt sb．for one’s own benefit损人利己
be of benefit to 对……有益处
beneficial adj.有益的；有用的
be beneficial to　对……有利/益处
【例句】①Keep it in mind, and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it. 记住它，逐渐地我们就可以养成这种好的学习习惯并且从中获益。
②The new regulation will be of benefit to all the students. 新规定对所有学生都有好处。
③Reading widely and regularly will be beneficial to your English. 广泛而有规律地阅读对你英语有好处。
【串记】Reading benefits you. Besides, you can benefit from speaking. In addition, listening is of benefit to you，too. Finally, writing is beneficial to you. All in all, for your benefit, you should do all the four above. 阅读对你有好处。此外，你可以从说话中受益。还有，倾听对你也有好处。最后，写作对你是有益的。总之，为了你的利益，你应该做到以上四件事。
易错点拨　benefit作为及物动词，其宾语总是“受益者”，而不能是所受的“益处”。要表示“受益于某事(物)”，英语习惯上用benefit by/from sth. 。
88. besides /bɪ'saɪdz/ prep. 除…以外(还有)(同in addition to)；ad. 还有，此外(同in addition, also, what’s more)
【例句】What do you like to do besides 
swimming? 除游泳外你还喜欢什么?。
【串记】 My home lies beside a supermarket. Besides, there is a cinema in back of it. Besides the two advantages, the school I attend is only two stops away.我家在一家超市旁边。此外，在它的后面有一个电影院。除了这两个优点，我就读的学校只有两站远。
【辨析】besides/except/except for/except that/apart from
besides表“除…以外还有”，包括 besides之后的部分在内；except表示从整体中除去部分，排除或不包括在内；except for可以表示“除了”(=except)，还可表示修正主句的结论或观点；except that 也是表示修正主句的内容，但接从句。apart from既指包括在内，也指排除在外相当于besides和except。
89. birth /bɜːθ/ n. 出生；诞生 
【拓展】
at birth 在出生时 
by birth 生来就，天生就；在血统上   
birth date/rate 出生日期/率
give birth to 生育，生；产生，造成
birthday n. 生日 
birthplace n. 出生地；发源地
【例句】①It was in Asia that the world's greatest cultures had their birth.世界上最伟大的文化都起源于亚洲。
②She is English by birth but French by marriage.她是英国血统,但嫁给了法国人而加入了法国国籍。
【串记】Grandmother gave birth to nine children in all, as the birth rate then was high. Grandma was poor, but able by birth. In order to earn her living she travelled around. She remembered every child's birthday and birthplace to the end of her life. 奶奶一共生了9个孩子，当时出生率很高。奶奶出生贫穷，但是天生能干。为了生计辗转各地。但是她到死是都记得每一个孩子的生日和出生地。
90. blame /bleɪm/ n.& v. 责备；责怪
【拓展】
(1)blame sb./sth. for sth.因某事而责备某人/某事
blame sth. on sb.      把某事怪到某人头上
be to blame (for sth.)  对(某事)负有责任
(2)take the blame (for) (为……)承担责任
lay/put the blame (for sth.) on sb. (把某事)归咎于某人
【例句】①Don't always blame your own failure on others. Sometimes you yourself are to blame ．不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，有时该怪的是你自己。
②The police had figured out the cause of the traffic accident and it was the lorry driver that should take the blame for it.警方已经查明这起交通事故的起因，是那位卡车司机应为此负责。
③Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.我们应该多交流，换位思考而不是相互责怪。
【串记】 The parents are blaming each other for the child's education. Who is to blame and who will take the blame for the wrong education? 父母们互相指责孩子的教育。谁该受责备，谁应该为错误教育承担责任？
91. blow /bləʊ/ (blew，blown) v. 吹；刮风；吹气；吹/响奏；(使)爆炸，(使)破裂；n. 吹；重击，击打；(精神上的)打击
【拓展】
blow away (风)刮走   
blow down 吹倒，吹落  
blow off 刮掉，吹走
blow out 吹媳；爆裂 
blow up 爆发；爆炸；使充气      
a blow to sb. 对某人的打击
【例句】 The repairman was blowing up the tire when it blew out. 修理工正在给轮胎打气，它突然爆了。
【串记】A typhoon blew away their belongings and blew down all the crops. It blew out all the candles though the doors were shut. Besides, a bad guy attempted to blow up her house. It was a heavy blow to her. 台风刮走了他们的财物，刮倒了所有的庄稼。尽管门关着，它还是吹灭了所有的蜡烛。此外，一个坏人企图炸毁她的房子。这对她是一个沉重的打击。
92. board /bɔːd/ n. 木板；甲板；膳食；董事会； vt. 上（飞机、车、船等）；用板盖上；给提供膳宿；vi. 寄宿
【拓展】
on board(同aboard) 在船(火车、飞机)上
boarding school 寄宿学校
boarding pass 登机证
boarder n. 寄膳者，寄宿生
billboard n. 广告牌，布告板
blackboard n. 黑板
【例句】All the passengers on board were amazed at the beautiful scenes along the banks. 船上所有的乘客都被岸边美丽的景色惊呆了。
【串记】The board of the boarding school decided to send the boarders to the beach for a bath. When they boarded the buses, they burst out cheering. They laughed and sang on board all the way. 学校董事会决定把寄宿生送到海滩去洗澡。他们登上公共汽车时，突然欢呼起来，他们一路上又笑又唱。
93. bore /bɔː/ vt. 使厌倦/烦；钻孔
【拓展】
bored a. (感到)无聊的 
be bored with 对…感到厌烦
boring a. 令人无聊的；烦人的
boredom n. 厌倦; 令人厌烦的事物
【例句】People appear to be bored with more and more tests. 人们似乎对越来越多考试感到厌烦了。
【串记】In the beginning, the assistant found boring boards was boring. He was not only bored with his work but also life was a boredom to him. But now he is absorbed in work all day. 起初，助理觉得给板子钻孔很无聊。他不仅对工作感到厌倦，对生活也感到厌倦。但是现在他整天都在专心工作。
94. borrow /'bɒrəʊ/ v.（向别人）借用；借(反lend)
【拓展】
borrow sth. from 从…借某物
【例句】We can also borrow some books on this 
topic from the libary. 我们也能从图书馆借一些关于这个论题的书籍。
【串记】You can borrow money from others meanwhile you can lend money to others. 你可以向别人借钱，同时你也可以借钱给别人。
【辨析】 borrow/lend/keep
borrow (from) 借进，借来(不延续)；lend (to)借出，借走 (不延续)；   keep保持，保留(延续)。
95. bother /'bɒðə/ v. 费心，麻烦；使烦恼；打扰，使不安(同trouble)
【拓展】
(1) bother to do/doing sth.费心做某事
bother sb. with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother about/with sth./sb. 为某事而烦恼/为某人而费心
It bothers sb.that ...  使某人苦恼的是……
(2)put sb. to bother 给某人添乱
bothered a. 烦（恼）的; 感到讨厌的
bothersome a. 麻烦的; 令人讨厌的
【例句】①You don't bother getting/to get dinner for me today. I'll eat out. 今天不要麻烦为我预备饭了，我要在外边吃。
②One should not be bothered about/with one's personal gains or losses.  一个人不应当为个人得失而烦恼。
③I don't want to put him to any bother,so I try doing it by myself.我不想给他添乱，所以，我试着靠自己做这件事。
【串记】The chores are really bothersome and tiresome. The employee does not bother to do them. 这些杂务真是既麻烦又累人。员工不会费心去做。
【点津】　bother常用于交际用语，例如：
Don't bother.别费事了/不用麻烦了。
Sorry to bother you.很抱歉打扰你。
96. break /breɪk/ (broke，broken) v. 打破/断/碎；损坏，坏掉；违反/背；暂停；打断，终止；(使)垮掉，崩溃；(天)破晓；n. 休息；裂/缺口
【拓展】
break down 出故障，垮掉；失败；(化学)分解
break in 打断；闯入强行进入
break into 闯入; 破门而入
break off 折断；突然停止，暂停
break out 爆发；突发
break through突破; 突围; 有重要创见
break up 打碎，破碎；结束；解散
break up with 与…分手，与…断绝关系
breakthrough 突破(性进展)
have/take a break 休息一下
breakage n. 破坏，破损；裂口
【例句】①Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against heart disease.科学家希望在治疗心脏病方面能很快有所突破。
②Old­fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.在灾难中，当无线网络出故障时，老式的电话就显得很重要了。
③When the computer broke down, it broke off their work, so the researchers took a break. 当电脑坏了，他们的工作也中断了，所以研究人员休息了一下。
【串记】 When the expert was going to break through, his wife broke in. A quarrel broke out between them. In the end, he broke up with her. 专家正要破门而入时，他的妻子闯了进来。他们之间爆发了一场争吵。最后，他和她分手了。
97. breath /breθ/ n. 气息；呼吸
【拓展】
catch one’s breath 踹口气
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 喘不过气来，上气不接下气
breathless a. 喘不过气来的；停止呼吸的
breathe /briːð/ v. 呼吸
【例句】There is a time when it seems there's not a minute to catch your breath. 有一段时间，你似乎连喘口气的时间都没有。
【串记】Breathe in, and breathe out, and pay atten-
tion to your breath as it comes in and goes out. 吸气，然后呼气，当气体吸进去和呼出去时把注意力都集中在你的呼吸上。
98. brief /briːf/  a. 简洁/短的；短暂的
【拓展】
hold no brief for 不为……辩护,不主张
in brief 简单地说，简而言之
briefly ad. 短暂地；简略地
形近词：grief 悲痛，忧伤
【例句】This is my brief introduction of myself. 这是我简要的介绍我自己。
【串记】In brief, the paper is rather difficult to me. could you please explain it briefly? 简而言之，这篇论文对我来说相当难。你能简单解释一下吗?
99. bright /braɪt/ a. 明亮的；光明的；鲜艳的；欢快的；聪明的，伶俐的
【拓展】
bright sunshine明媚的阳光
a bright smile愉快的微笑
bright clothes 鲜艳的衣裳
the bright future光明的未来
brighten v. 明亮；(使)变亮；活跃；(使)快乐高兴
brightness n.明亮，辉煌；鲜艳；聪明；晴朗；快活
brightly ad. 明亮地; 鲜明地; 生辉地
【例句】 The room is very bright with all the lights on. 所有的灯都打开，教室里非常明亮。
【串记】Bright kids really brighten a household; they never turn off any lights. When they grow in such a bright family, they usually have a bright future. 伶俐的孩子确实点亮了一个家，他们从未熄灭过一盏灯。当他们生长在这样一个欢乐的家庭，他们通常有一个光明的未来。
100. bring /brɪŋ/ (brought, brought) vt. 拿/带/取来
【拓展】
bring about 带来，引起，导致
bring along 带来，使发展
bring back拿回来; 使…恢复; 使…回忆起来
bring…back to life 使起死回生；使复活
bring down 降低; 打倒/死; 击落
bring forward提出；提前
bring in引进; 收获
bring on 导致; 引起; 使…发展
bring out出版，生产；使显示；说出
bring up提出; 教育; 养育; 呕出
【例句】①The great damage which the earthquake brought about made many people homeless or lose their lives.地震所带来的巨大损害使许多人失去家园或者丧生。
②Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.帮助孩子做作业的父母或许实际上正使孩子们的成绩降低。
③All the children should be brought up to respect their parents and teachers. 所有的孩子都应该长大，以尊重他们的父母和老师。
【串记】 The boss brought forward an idea to bring in a new technology to bring out new products. They brought down their rivals. The company brought in great benefit and brought the firm back to life. 老板提出了引进新技术以生产新产品的想法。他们打败了对手。这家公司带来了巨大的利益，使公司起死回生。
【辨析】bring/take /fetch
bring(从别处)带来；take (从这里)拿/取走；fetch(从这里出发到别处去)取/接来(回到原处)。 
【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. The failure in business made him end up being a        (beg). 
2. How time management can be          (benefit) to your corporation? 
3. My brother keeps          (bother) me. I can’t focus on my present job.
4. The kind and selfless action          (bright) the life of the unlucky people. 
5. I tend to believe that love can certainly bring        the best in us, and true love brings about great happiness. 
6. We should spare no effort to           (beautiful) our environment. 
7. All those          want to get more beautiful should balance between beauty and health.
8. However, I do not approve of this         (behave). Pay attention to it and change it before it is too late.
9. Your brightest future depends on your        (able) to pay attention to the present. 
10. There is some      (associate) between the status of women in each country and their ability to do mathematics. 
二、单句改错。
1. Have you received any award at your present company ago?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. However, we cannot think that parents should bear responsibility and be punished if their children behave bad. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. I believe this team, and this belief in the challenge is enough for me. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. The beginner has some other friends except you and your family. He is quick to adjust to the new surroundings.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. A strong wind was blowing, and a fellow was about to blow up the bridge while a policeman caught him.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. Seeing his associate to board the plane, he couldn’t bear to cry, knowing that he wouldn’t come back.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. Before breaking the record, you had broke the law at the same time. You shall be punished.
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. I do not expect you to remember me, but I hope you can look at me brief. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. When someone says something bored we shut our eyes and pretend to go to sleep.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. The sun shone bright and the wind blew slightly as we got on the ship. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. Though they managed to start the car in the beginning, yet they got in trouble              (不久以后). 
2. The advances in technology is astonishing and              (难以置信).
3. The patient                       (对…有信心) his doctor’s ability and responsibility. 
4. Parents do not own their children; they just                     (生) them. 
5. We accept any responsibility for the goods while              (在船上). 
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 不但这本词典属于我，而且那些书也属于我的。(belong to)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 锻炼对身体有益，我们应该定期锻炼。(be of benefit to, on a regular basis)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. 出了这个差错，既不是你也不是他该受到责备的。(be to blame for)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. 这本书可以借多久？可以借给别人吗？(lend…to)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. 她刚出版一本书，眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。(bring out)
_______________________________________________________________________________




【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. beggar  2. beneficial  3. bothering  4. brightens   5. out  6. beautify  7. who   8. behavior   9. ability  10. association
二、单句改错。
1. ago→before  2. bad→badly  3. 在believe后面加in   4. except→besides  5. while→when  6. 去掉board 前面的to   7. broke→broken  8. brief→briefly  9. bored→boring  10. bright→brightly
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. before long  2. beyond belief  3. has/had belief in  4. give birth to  5. on board   
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. Not only this dictionary but also those books belong to me. 
2. Exercise is of benefit to the body. We should take exercise on a regular basis.
3. It was neither you nor he that is to blame for the mistake. 
4. How long can I keep this book? And can it be lent to other people?
5. Her eyes are bright with excitement that she has just brought out a book.

高考英语核心词汇拓展 Day 6
101. broad /brɔːd/ a. 宽的，广阔的(反narrow)；广泛的(反narrow)；概括性的
【拓展】
a broad smile 满面笑容
a broad/wide range of 范围很广的
It's as broad as it's long横竖都一样; 不分高低
broaden v. 使变宽；扩大
broaden one’s horizon 开阔某人的眼界
broadly ad. 明显地；宽广地；概括地
broadcast a.& v. 广播；广播节目
【例句】Jack was a young giant, broad of back, full of vigour.杰克是个身材魁梧的年轻人,长得肩宽背阔,生气勃勃。
【串记】According to the announcement of the broadcast, the old street is not broad enough. It will be broadened soon. 根据广播的公告，这条老街不够宽。它很快就会被加宽。
【辨析】broad/wide
二者都指“宽”常可互换。broad着重指幅面的宽，常修饰背、肩、胸等的宽阔；wide着重指从一边到另一边的距离。此外修饰嘴、眼的大。
102. build /bɪld/ (built, built) v. 建筑；造；n. 体格
【拓展】
build on  依赖，指望，把……建于……上
build up 增进，加强，树立
build one’s body 健身  
body building 健身
building n. 修建；建筑物
【例句】I should be confident and build up my capa-
city to achieve my goal. 我应该充满信心，增强自己的能力以实现目标。
【串记】The builders can build their bodies and build up their confidence by building grand buildings. 建造者可以通过建造宏伟的建筑来建造他们的身体和树立他们的信心。
【辨析】build普通用词，既指具体有形的物体建造，也指抽象事物的建设；constrct着重指根据一定的而且比较复杂的计划(设计)来构造，多用于书面语，与build可通用；establish既指具体事物，也指抽象事物的建造，并含有牢固地建造，使之能长期存在；found着重指打下坚固的基础，尤指用基金创立事业单位、学校、图书馆等，也常用于国家、政党、学说、流派的创立，可与具体和抽象名词连用；set up着重于开始的含义，多用于机构、设施的设立、创办，是一般用词。
103. burn /bɜːn/ (-ed，-ed 或 burnt，burnt) v. 燃，烧，着火；使烧焦；使晒黑；n. 烧伤；晒伤
【拓展】
burn down烧掉，焚毁
burn out (把…)烧坏，烧光；使筋疲力尽
burn to the ground 烧毁，夷为平地
burn up烧掉，烧尽
sun-burnt 太阳晒伤的
【例句】I watched two buildings on my block burn down. 我目睹了我们街区中两幢楼房的烧毁。
【串记】After work, my aunt goes to the broad gym to build her body, she wants to burn up more calories! 
One day, the gym caught fire and was burned down. All the instruments were burnt out. But luckily, nobody was burned. 下班后，我阿姨去大健身房锻炼身体，她想燃烧更多的卡路里! 有一天，体育馆失火了，被烧毁了。所有的器材都烧坏了，但幸运的是没有人被烧着。
104. burst /bɜːst/ v. (burst, burst) 突然发生；突然发作；n. 爆炸；迸发
【拓展】
burst out doing ＝ burst into＋n.　突然……起来
burst in      闯进来；突然插嘴
burst into      突然闯入
burst with anger/joy  勃然大怒/乐不可支
burst in on/upon 突然出现/到来
【例句】①Upon/On hearing the bad news, his mother burst into tears/burst out crying.
听到这个噩耗，他母亲突然哭起来了。
②He felt he would burst_with anger and shame.
他恼羞成怒，都要气炸了。
【串记】The son burst into the house to tell his parents some news. On hearing the news the husband burst 
out laughter while the wife burst into tears.  一听到这个消息，丈夫发出一阵大笑，而妻子却留下了眼泪。
105. business /ˈbɪznɪs/ n. 商业，生意，交易；（本分）工作，职责；事务/情；公司，店铺，企业(同firm/company)
【拓展】
go into business从事商业
go out of business停业
on business因公出差
have no business to do(或doing)无权做……
no business of yours与你无关
do business with 和…做生意
mind your own business 别多管闲事
none of your business 不关你的事；别管闲事
out of business 破产; 歇/失业; 损坏; 受伤
businessman(businesswoman) n. (女)商人/实业家
【例句】I wonder if you have any business connections abroad. 我想知道你们在国外是否有业务联系。
【串记】The businesswoman has business relations with some businesses abroad. She travels a lot on business. She is always busy and gets down to business on arrival. Her husband wants to help her but she tells him to mind his own business. She carries her business cards everywhere. She hopes her business will never be out of business. 这位女商人与国外的一些公司有业务关系。她经常出差。她总是很忙，一到就着手干正事。她丈夫想帮助她，但她告诉他少管闲事。她到处带着她的名片。她希望她的生意永远不会破产。
bury ['beri] vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心
【拓展】
bury one's head/face in hands　用手捂住头/脸
bury oneself in ＝ be buried in      埋头于；专心于
bury under 忙于(工作) be very busy with (work)
【例句】①She couldn't stand the pain so that she buried her face in hands and sobbed uncontrollably.她忍受不了疼痛，以至于捂住脸不由自主地抽噎起来。
②You will have to bury yourself in your studies if you want to pass the exam.如果你想通过考试，就得专心致志地学习。
106. busy /'bɪzɪ/ a. 忙碌的，繁忙的(反free)；热闹的
【拓展】
busy season 旺季
be busy with 忙于
be busy (in) doing sth. 忙着做某事
【例句】①At the beginning of the term, teachers are busy with the preparation for work. 开学之初，老师们正忙着为工作做准备。
②She was busy(in) preparing for the examination．她忙于准备考试。
【串记】Career women are always busy. On weekdays they are busy with office work. On weekends they are busy doing housework. 职业女性总是很忙。工作日他们忙于办公室工作。周末他们忙着做家务。
but /bət/ conj．但是，可是·不过，然而；除……以外，除非prep．除……以外(用于nobody，an，who等词后)proun．没有不……的(用于否定的先行词后)ad．只，仅仅，才
【拓展】
all but几乎，除了……以外全都
anything but决不，远非；除了……之外什么都
but for要不是，倘若没有，若非
cannot but(do)不得不去做
cannot help but(do)不得不 
not only……but also……不仅……而且
nothing but只不过是
next but one隔一个
last but one(two倒数第二(第三)
first but one(two)第二(第三)
【例句】There is not nothing for it but to trust his words．除了相信他的话之外，毫无办法。
She did nothing but complain the whole time she was here．她在这里时一个劲地抱怨。
No man is so old but(that)he may learn．活到老学到老。
Nothing would do but he must come himself．除非他亲自来，否则没有别的办法。
【名师点睛】如果but之前若有do或 can，其后接动词原形，如无do或can，则需用不定式。
107. call /kɔːl/ n. 喊，叫；电话，通话；v. 称呼；呼唤；喊，叫；命名，叫作(同name)
【拓展】
call at访问，停(泊、靠)
call for邀约；要求，需要，号召
call forth唤起，引起；振作起，鼓起(勇气、精神等)
call off放弃，取消 
call on／upon访问，拜访(某人)；号召；呼吁 
call up召集；动员；打电话；使人想起     
【例句】Tomorrow is my birthday. Can I call for 
you to my party? 明天是我的生日，我能够邀请你来我的晚会吗？
【串记】A man called Jack called me up, telling me that he would call on me at noon and call at my farm. I called on him to cancel the visit because I was calling in a doctor for my sick son. When I was not busy I would call him back to call for him to my home. 一个叫杰克的人给我打电话，告诉我他中午会来拜访我，然后去看我的农场。我打电话叫他取消了这次访问，因为我要请一位医生来给我生病的儿子看病。当我不忙的时候，我会给他回电话，邀请他到我家。
108. calm a. (风浪等)平静的；冷/镇静的，沉着的(同cool)；v. 镇静；沉着
【拓展】
calm down 平静/镇定下来 
calm sb. down使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来 
calm oneself 使自己镇静下来
keep calm  保持镇静 
calmly ad. 平静地；冷/镇静地
【例句】①Calm down! There is nothing to worry about. 镇静下来！没有什么可担心的。 
②He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down. 他深深地吸了几口气，使自己平静下来。 
③You must keep calm in face of danger. 面对危险你必须保持镇静。 
【串记】Watching the calm sea, the annoyed actor calmed down. 看着平静的大海，那个生气的演员平静了下来。
109. care /keə/ v. & n. 照料/顾；小心，谨慎；介意，在乎；关心；n. 忧虑，烦恼
【拓展】
take care of 照顾/料；抚养
care about 担心；关心，在乎
care for 关心，照顾；喜欢
in sb's care 在某人的照料下
under the care of 在…照看下，在…保护下
with care小心，注意，慎重
caring a. 有爱心的，关怀的，体贴的
careful a. 仔细的；小心的 
be careful with对……要注意
be careful of爱护
be careful for担心，挂念
be careful小心(about，to do，that从句)
carefully adv．仔细地，小心地
careless a. 粗心的；无忧无虑的
be careless about/with对…不小心
carefree a. 无忧无虑的
【例句】I don’t know who you care for; nor do I care. 我不知道你喜欢谁;我也不在乎。
【串记】The caring coach takes care of the beginners. He cares about their learning and care for them deeply. He calls on them not to be careless about the road condition. With him, the learners are carefree. 有爱心的教练照顾初学者。他关心他们的学习，深深地关爱他们。他呼吁他们不要对路况粗心大意。有了他，学员们无忧无虑。
110. carry /'kærɪ/ vt. 拿，搬，带，提，抬，背，抱，挑等；运送/载；传达；携带，带着；传播；广播；刊登/载
【拓展】
carry away使入迷，陶醉
carry forward推进，发扬
carry off夺去(生命)
carry on(with)继续下去；实行；从事，经营；引导
carry out贯彻；执行；实现
carry over延期；继续 
carry through进行到底，贯彻
carriage n. 运输; 运费; 四轮马车; 客车车厢
【例句】①They decided to carry on (with) the work in spite of the weather.不管天气如何,他们都决定继续工作下去。
②He carried through all his homework in ten minutes.
他在十分钟内完成了所有的家庭作业。
【串记】The magazine carried an article saying that some animals carry this virus. Doctor Brown carried out the experiments best and he carried off the award. 该杂志刊登了一篇文章说有些动物携带这种病毒。布朗医生把实验做得最好，他得了奖。
111. case /keɪs/ n. 情况；病例；案件；官司；(the case)真相，实情；情况；箱，盒，容器
【拓展】
as is often the case 情况常常如此；通常就是这样
in any case无论如何，不管怎样，总之
in case假如，免得，以防(万一)
in case of假使，万一
in no case决不，无论如何
in the case of就……而言
in some cases有时
in nine cases out of ten十之八九，多半
【例句】①As is always the case with language learning, Mandarin learning also asks for lots of practice.学习普通话需要多多练习，这对语言学习来说是常有的情况。
②I took my driving license with me on holiday, in case I wanted to hire a car.我在度假时随身带着驾照，以防自己需要租车。
③We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.我们必须把所学的知识应用到日常工作中去，因为理论与实践绝不能分开。
④Obviously, we should bear in mind what we are supposed to do first in case of an emergency．显然，我们应该记住，在紧急情况下，我们应该首先做什么。
【串记】In case a murder happens here, the police will look into the case at once. In most cases, cases are solved. 如果这里发生谋杀案，警察将立即调查此案。在大多数情况下，案件告破。
112. catch /kætʃ/ (caught，caught) v. 接住；抓/捉住；撞见，发现；听清，领会；吸引，引起(注意等)；赶上(车辆等)；染上（疾病）；卡/挂着
【拓展】
catch a cold/fever 感冒/发烧
catch fire 着火
catch hold of抓住，握住；获得
catch one’s attention 吸引某人注意
catch one's breath屏息，歇一口气，透不过气来
catch one's eye(s)引人注目，被人看见
catch sb. doing sth. 撞见某人做某事
catch sight of 看见
catch up with追上，赶上
get caught in 困/卡在…里
【例句】①We caught him stealing．我们看见他在偷东西。
②I didn't quite catch what you said．你说的话我没听清楚。
【串记】Though he caught a cold, he went out to wander. He caught a man stealing something. He caught up with him and the thief got caught in a hole and he caught him at last. 虽然他感冒了，但还是出去闲逛了。他撞见一个人在偷东西。他追上了他，但是小偷被困在一个洞里，最后他抓住了他。
113. cause /kɔːz/ n. 原/起因；事业，理想；vt. 促使，引起
【拓展】
cause and effect因果关系
cause sb./sth. to do sth. 造成某人/某物做某事
basic cause基本原因
without reason or cause无缘无故
the cause of public health公共卫生事业
cause fight引起恐惧
cause by 由…造成
cause to 导致,造成,带来
【例句】①You've caused a lot of trouble to all of us.你给我们大家惹了许多麻烦。
②What caused him to change his mind?是什么使他改变了主意?
【串记】This prize will be awarded to those who are devoted to the cause of peace and health. And this will cause more people to get involved in the cause. 这个奖项将颁发给那些致力于和平与健康事业的人。这将使更多的人参与到这项事业。
【辨析】cause与reason
cause多指导致某事发生的起因，常用cause of结构；reason多指做某事或解释某事的理由，常用reason for/why结构。
114. centre (美center) /'sentə/ n. 中央；中心(点)；v. 集中
【拓展】
centre on〔upon〕重点在于…; 主要与…有关
centre round〔around〕集中于; 包围,围绕
in the center of 在…的中心/央
central a. 中心/央的，主要的
【例句】①His whole mind was centred on the problem at hand.他全神贯注在当前的问题上。
②The discussion centred round the problem whether they should carry on their experiment at the moment.
讨论集中在他们目前是否要继续进行试验这个问题上。
【串记】The capital is the center of a nation’s politics. The central government is based in it. 首都是一个国家政治的中心，中央政府就在其中。
115. certain /'sɜːt(ə)n; -tɪn/ a. 某；确定的，无疑的，一定会(同sure,反uncertain)
【拓展】
be certain of/about 对…有把握
be certain that 对…有把握
be certain to do sth. 一定会做某事
for certain 肯定地，确凿地(同for sure)
to a certain degree 在某种程度上
certainly ad. 当然；行（用于回答）；必定
certainty n. 必然；确实(性)；确实的事情
【例句】①It is quite certain that the Chinese people have stood up．显而易见，中国人民已经站起来了。
②You want it to do so in a certain way, and with a certain object. 您希望它这样做，在以某种方式，并具有一定的对象。
【串记】At a certain time, we are not certain of our future. It is certain that we must do something. In that case, we are certain to gain something─at least experience and lessons. Because nobody but God can say he will succeed for certain. 在某一时刻，我们对自己的未来没有把握。我们一定得做点什么。在这种情况下，我们肯定会有所收获，至少是经验和教训。因为只有上帝才能说他一定会成功。
【辨析】certain/sure
certain和sure均可表示“确信”、“肯定”。但sure的主语通常是人，而不是事物，而certain不受这个限制。此外，sure表示的是对事实的主观确信，而certain表示”确信的”是根据客观事实或证据作出的。
116. challenge /'tʃælɪn(d)ʒ/ n. & v. 挑战；质疑；挑战(性)具有挑战性的事
【拓展】
(1)meet/face/ accept a challenge应对/面临/接受 挑战
rise to the challenge 应战；迎着困难上
(2)challenge sb. to (do) sth. 向某人挑战(做)某事
challenge sb.'s interest 使某人发生兴趣
(3)challenging adj.有挑战性的；有吸引力的
【例句】①I accepted a challenge to a tennis match.
我接受了网球赛的挑战。
②Challenging yourself is the biggest challenge. 挑战自己是最大的挑战。
【串记】To be honest, it was a little bit challenging
for me at the beginning. But I was certain I could meet and overcome all challenges. 老实说，这个职位对我来说一开始是有一些小挑战的。但是我确信我能迎接并克服所有的挑战。
117. chance /tʃɑːns/ n. 机会；可能性；机遇，良机(同opportunity)；风险，冒险；偶然，巧合，运气；a. 偶然的
【拓展】
there's no chance of doing/to do sth./that ...不可能……
have a chance of doing/to do sth.  有做某事的机会
take a chance/chances      冒险，碰运气
by chance/accident      偶然；碰巧
give sb. a chance给某人一个机会
take/seize the chance 抓住机会
(the) chances are (that) 很可能
【例句】①The chances are (that) we cannot finish the task on time.很可能我们无法按时完成任务。
②There is no chance to do business if you insist on that offer.如果你们坚持那个报价，就不可能做成生意。
③Is there any chance that the patient rises to his feet again?这个病人有可能再站起来吗？
【串记】If you give me a chance, I am certain to seize it. Chances are that I will miss the chance, but I still want to take a chance. 如果你给我一个机会，我一定会抓住它。很有可能我会错过这个机会，但我还是想碰碰运气。
118. change /tʃeɪn(d)ʒ/ v. & v. 改变，变化；更/交换；换乘；兑换；n. 改变，变化；零钱，找头
【拓展】change … into把…变成
change one’s mind 改变主意
changeable a. 无常的；可改变的；易变的；不定的changeful a．多变的
exchange vt．交换；兑换；调换
【例句】It is very difficult to change her mind．使她改变主意很难。
All you have to do is change your attitude. 你必须做的一切就是改变你的态度。
【串记】My boss is a changeable man. I have trouble getting used to him. If I could change him. I would change him into a beggar and I wouldn’t even give him any change. 我的老板是个善变的人。我很难习惯他。如果我能改变他，我要把他变成乞丐， 甚至零钱也不给他。
119. character /'kærəktə/ n. 性格；特色/性/点；品行；人物，角色；文字
【拓展】characterize vt. 描绘…的特性; 具有…的特征
be characterized by 具有…的特征
characteristic a. 典型的; 特有的; 表示特性的; n. 征/性/色  
be characteristic of具有(显示)……的特征
【例句】It is characteristic of him to say that．他就是会说那种话的人。
A miser is characterized by greed．守财奴的特点是贪婪。   
Appreciate everyone who hurt you, because 
they sharpen your character. 感激每个伤害过你的人，是他们磨砺了你的性格。
【串记】Each character in the movie is appealing because they have clear characteristics and good characters. Meanwhile, it is easy to catch. You can follow it without looking at the Chinese characters. 电影中的每一个角色都很吸引人，因为他们有明确的特点和良好的品格。同时，它很容易理解。你不用看汉字就能看懂。
120. charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ v. & n. 负责；充电；收费；索价；攻击；控告；n. 费用，价钱
【拓展】(1)take charge of  掌管/负责……
in charge of      控制/管理……
in/under the charge of  受……的管理
free of charge ＝ for free 免费
(2)charge sb.for sth.  为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb.with (doing) sth./accuse sb. of (doing) sth.      控告某人(做)某事
charge sb. some money for sth. 因某物收某人钱
charger n. 充电器【例句】①He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away.经理不在时，他负责这个店。
② I wonder how much you will charge us for the six­week course.我想知道六周的课程你们收我们多少钱。 
③Your order will be sent free of charge.你订的货物将免费运送。
【串记】I got my computer charged at the landlady’s. She charged me too much. I charged her with charging me too much. A young judge was in charge of the case. The angry landlady charged me in front of the judge in the court. 我在女房东家给电脑充了电。她要价太高了。我控告她收多了费用。一位年轻的法官负责此案。愤怒的女房东在法庭上当着法官的面攻击我。



【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. Studying abroad can not only        (broad) our horizons but also enrich our life experience. 
2. All our life, we are busy        (do) the things that seem to be done without question.
3. If leaves         (burn), they not only harm people’s health, but (also) pollute the air. 
4. Do they charge         (carry) by weight?  Yes. The charge is twenty pounds a kilo.
5.The best way to face these         (challenge) behaviors is to tell them what behaviors they need.
6. The foreign engineer has great difficulty adjusting to the the           (change) weather. 
7. We have many tasks around, but what is the         (centre) one? 
8. An          (attract) woman is always the centre of attention wherever she is.
9. If there's something that annoys me, it's her            (care). I can’t bear any more.
10. In the case of         (certain), the choice is unambiguous(不含糊的). 
二、单句改错。
1. Together they cover both the science and the practice of psychology broad and in depth. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. The president calm announced this result of the investigation through the broadcast. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Once again, I beg you accept sincerest apologies for the unfortunate carelessness. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. He always carried extras in case an emergency. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. We should catch every chances to receive education, if we want to succeed in the future.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. The products of our factory are chiefly characterize by their fine workmanship(工艺) and durability(耐用). 
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. Who will be in the charge of our training next term? 
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. Your enthusiasm for learning new things may also cause you do quite a bit of traveling.
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. Don’t call up the leader at the moment. She is certain busy now.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. Because I realized the importance of English at that time, and there was a opportunity by chance. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. My uncle works for a           (造飞机的) factory and is addicted to body building.
2. Some uninvited guests                      (突然打断) me while I was absorbed in reading and writing an article in my study.
3. In the north, people are direct, see time as money, and                   (着手做正事) after only a brief period of social talk. 
4. When I was searching the house, I came across an old picture, which               (唤起) my sweet childhood. 
5. I happened to                     (看见) it yesterday in a fashion shop and there is only one left in my size. 
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 我们希望能在你最方便的时间拜访你。(call on)  
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 医生的助手打电话给我取消了我的预约。(call up, call off) 
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. 我们宁可把这项实验进行下去，而不愿放弃不做。(carry on) 
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. 某些老师在某种程度是造成学生厌学。(to a certain degree) 
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. 我们决心完成我们所有的计划。(are determined to, carry through) 
_______________________________________________________________________________








【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. broaden   2. doing  3. are burned  4. carriage   5. challenging  6. changeable  7. central   8. attractive   9. carelessness  10. certainty
二、单句改错。
1. broad→broadly   2. calm→calmly  3.  在accept前面加 to  4. 在in case后面加 of  5. chances→chance  6. characterize→characterized  7. 去掉the  8. 在do前面加 to   9. certain→certainly  10.  a→an
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. plane-building  2. burst in on   3. get down to business   4. calls up  5. catch sight of  
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. We would like to call on you at your earliest convenience. 
2. The doctor's assistant called me up to call off my appointment.
3. We would rather carry on this experiment than give it up. 
4. To a certain degree, certain teachers cause students to be tired of learning.
5. We are determined to carry through all our plans.

高考英语核心词汇拓展  Day 7
121. cheat/ tʃiːt/ vt.& vi.  欺骗；骗取；作弊n. 骗子；欺骗
【拓展】
cheat sb．of(out of)sth．(向某人)骗取(东西)
cheat sb．into……诱骗(某人)做……
cheat in(at)……不老实；作弊，作假
【例句】①He always cheats at cards if he can get away with it．只要不被人抓着，他玩牌总是作弊。
②The man cheated the old woman into buying an imitation pearl．这个人欺骗老太太卖给她一颗假珍珠。
122. check /tʃek/ n. & vt. 检查；校对，核对/实；支票(英cheque)
【拓展】
check in报到，办理登记手续
check into 调查…,登记入住…
check out付账，结账后离开，消账；检验
check over检查
check up(on)校对，检验，检查
pay by check/cheque 用支票支付
check-in n. 登记处；办理登记手续
checkout n. 付款处，收银台；退房时间
【例句】①Do look out for spelling mistakes when you check your homework.你检查作业时要当心拼写错误。
②The traveler checks (out) his luggage before leaving.旅行者在离开前检查他的行李。
【串记】Guests can check in at any time and must check out by midday. Before, going to bed, they should check the door for safety. If anyone feels ill, he can have a medical check in the hospital next to the hotel. 客人可以随时入住，必须在中午之前退房。睡觉前，他们应该检查门是否安全。如果有人觉得不舒服，他可以到酒店旁边的医院去体检。
【辨析】check/examine/test
check侧重于核查，核对；examine着重于通过观察或测试来确定某人或某物的资格或性能；
test着重指通过某种方式看看某人或某物是否达标，还有考验之意。
123. cheer /tʃɪə/ n. & vi. 欢呼；喝彩
【拓展】
cheer for为…喝彩叫好,为…鼓劲加油
cheer on向…欢呼,为…鼓劲加油
cheer up使高兴，振作起来
burst into cheers 突然欢呼起来
cheerful a. 快乐的; 愉快的; 高兴的
cheers int. (用于祝酒)干杯；再见/会
cheery a．快活的
cheerless a．不愉快的，优郁的
【例句】Let's go to the football game and cheer for our favorite team.咱们去看足球比赛,为咱们最喜爱的球队呐喊助威。
The crowd cheered the runners on as they started on the last lap of the race.当运动员开始跑最后一圈时,人群为他们加油。
【串记】Tom felt discouraged at the test. We cheered him up. When he was falling behind in the race, we cheered him on. When he passed the finish line, we burst into cheers. He looked very cheerful. 汤姆对考试感到泄气。我们使他振作起来。当他在赛跑中落后时，我们为他加油。当他越过终点线时，我们爆发出欢呼声。他看上去很高兴。
124. choose /tʃuːz/ (chose, chosen) vt. 选择，挑选
【拓展】
choose as〔for〕 把…选作
choose between 在…之间选择
choose from〔among〕 从…之间选择
choose to do sth. 选择做某事
can not choose but do sth. 不得不/只好
choice n. 选择，抉择  
have no choice but to do sth. 除了做某事没有选择  
make a choice作出选择
【例句】①It's up to you to choose where we should go.我们要去的地点,由你负责选择。
②Why have so many people chosen to migrate abroad?为什么有这么多的人情愿移居国外呢?
③We have no choice except to trust ourselves.我们必须依靠自己,没有其他选择。
【串记】If you choose to be a teacher, you can not choose but love students and teaching. Once you make a choice, you can’t change your mind and you must carry it through. 如果你选择成为一名教师，你不得不热爱学生和教学。一旦你做出选择，你就不能改变主意，你必须坚持到底。
125. circle /'sɜːk(ə)l/ n. 圆圈；圈子，团体，界；vt.将…圈起来；环绕；盘旋
【拓展】
come full circle兜了一圈，回到原处
draw a circle画了一个圆圈
sit in a circle围成一个圆圈坐
have a largo circleof friends交游广泛
academic circles学术界
business circles工商界
【例句】①The dancers were standing in a circle around the fire.舞者们围着篝火站成一圈。
②The teacher circles the pupil's spelling mistakes in red ink.老师用红笔把学生的拼写错误圈出来。
【串记】Many figures from business, political and art circles are sitting in a circle discussing. 许多商界、政界和艺术界的人士正围坐在一个圈子里讨论。
126. class /klɑːs/ n. 班级；课，课程；等/阶级
【拓展】
first class第一流,头等
in a class by oneself独一无二 
in a class of one's own无与伦比
top of the class第一流的
class...as 把…归类为,把…划为
class...under 把…列入
class...with 把…与…归入一类
classic a. 经/古典的；传统的; n. 名著；经典著作； 大艺术家；文豪
classical a. 经/古典的；传统的；第一流的；n. 古典音乐
classify v. 分类/等→classification n. 分类；类别，等级
classroom n. 教室           
classmate n. 同班同学
【例句】①That class is out of hand; I should have put a more experienced teacher in charge.那个班已失去控制,我本应该安排一个更有经验的老师去。
②The critic classed him with the best writers of the age.那位评论家把他列入当代第一流的作家中。
【串记】Society can be classified into lower class, middle class, and upper class. 社会可分为下层阶级、中产阶级和上层阶级。
127. clean /kliːn/ vt. 弄/擦干净；a. 清洁的，干净的(反dirty)
【拓展】
clean out把……清洗出去，把……耗尽 
clean up把…打扫干净；（使）梳洗整齐；净化
cleaner n. 清洁工，洗衣店
cleaning n. 扫除，洗涤
do the cleaning 打扫卫生
cleanly ad．清洁地
【例句】①Please clean the window as I can hardly see out.请把窗子弄干净，我几乎看不到外面。
②You should always clean up after a picnic.野餐后你们要收拾干净。
【串记】Cleaners do the cleaning every day. They clean up every dirty thing in public. 清洁工每天打扫卫生。他们打扫公共场所的每一件脏东西。
128. clear /klɪə/ a. 清楚的；清晰的(反unclear)；清醒的；明亮的；晴朗的；v. 清理/除；恢复畅通；变清澈；转晴；消散
【拓展】
clear away(off)清除；收拾；消失
clear out把……清除，搬开
clear up解释，澄清；(天气)变晴；整理，收拾
clear water清澈的水a clear day晴朗的日子
it is clear that从句 很清楚/显然…
be clear about 对…明白/清楚
clearly ad. 清晰地; 明显地(同obviously); 无疑地; 明净地
【例句】①It's raining now, but I think it will clear up soon.天还在下雨，不过我想天很快就会放晴。
②It is clear that high­tech equipment has become popular among teenagers and changed their way of life.显然，高科技设备在年轻人中已普及并改变了他们的生活方式。
【串记】It is clear that you are unclear about the structure. Only after all the puzzles are cleared up can you be clear about it. 很明显，你对这个结构不清楚。只有当所有的难题都解决了，你才能清楚地知道它。
129. clever /'klevə/ a. 聪明的 (同smart)；灵巧的
【拓展】
be clever at 擅长(同be good at)
It is clever+of+sb.+to do (某人)做……真是聪明
cleverly ad．伶俐地，机灵地
cleverness n．聪明，巧妙
【例句】①Bill is clever at mathematics．比尔擅长于数学。②It's clever of you to solve this problem．你解答了这个问题，真聪明。
【串记】Both the twins are clever. Tom is very good at science, while his brother is clever at arts. 这对双胞胎都很聪明。汤姆很擅长理科，而他的弟弟却擅长文科。
130. close /kləʊs/ v. 关闭；关门，停业；n. & v. 结束，停止；a. 近(的)；接近的，几乎；亲密的；ad. 近，靠近
【拓展】
be close to 靠近；亲近
close down关闭
close in包围；封闭
close up靠近；结束，关闭，堵塞
come to a close 结束
closed a. 关住/闭的；不公开的(反open)
closely ad. 紧密地; 接近地; 严密地; 亲近地
【例句】You should avoid standing too close to any strangers. 你应该避免站得离陌生人太近。
【串记】 If you are too close to officials, your business may close down soon or later. And your relationship with them will come to a close. 如果你和官员关系太密切，你的生意迟早会倒闭。你和他们的关系将会结束。
131. collect /kə'lekt/ vt. 收/采集(同gather)；收藏；募集；取/接走
【拓展】
(1)collect money (for)(为……)募捐
(2)collection n.收集；聚集；收藏品；募捐
a collection of一批收藏的；许多的
(3)collector n.收藏家；采集者
collective adj.集体的；共同的 n.集体；团体；全体人员
【例句】①I tried to collect my thoughts but I was too excited.我想镇定下来，但是我太激动了。
②He is collecting money for famine relief.他正在为赈济饥民募捐。
③There is a collection of dust in an unused room.空着不用的房间积起了大量灰尘。
【串记】The collector has a large collection of rare coins and records. He plans to donate them to a charity collective to collect money for poor children. 这位收藏家收藏了大量珍贵的硬币和唱片。他计划把它们捐给一个慈善集体，为贫困儿童筹集资金。
【辨析】　collect，gather表示“搜集”“聚集”，二者有时可互换。
gather通常只表示把分散的人或物聚拢在一起，而collect则指有计划、有条理地为了某一目的而进行的较为精心的搜集，例如：He collects stamps.中的collects不可用gathers代替。
132. colour(美color) /'kʌlə/ n. 颜色；vt. 给…着/涂色
【拓展】
coloured a. 彩/有色的; 着色的
colourful a. 鲜艳的; 生动的; 富色彩的; 富有趣味的 (反colourless)
【例句】He arranged them as to size and colour. 他按照它们的大小和颜色进行安排。
【串记】The teacher drew a map of China on the blackboard with coloured chalk.  He colored it red, green, blue and so on. It looked colourful. 老师用彩色粉笔在黑板上画了一幅中国地图。把它涂成红、绿、蓝等颜色，看起来五彩斑斓。
133. combine /kəm'baɪn/ vt. 使联合；使结合
【拓展】
(1)combine ...with/and ... 把……和……结合起来
combine to do sth.联合起来做某事/合起来促成某事
combine against 为反对……而联合
(2)combination n.      组合；结合；混合
in combination with      与……联合起来
【例句】①The new graduates are advised to combine their knowledge with practice.新毕业生们被建议将知识和实践有机结合起来。
②He said that several factors had combined to harm  their friendship.他说几种因素凑在一起，伤害了他们的友谊。
【串记】What they all have in common is that they combine fun with learning. The combination is not perfect, though. 它们的共同之处是把娱乐和学习结合在一起。不过，这种结合并不完美。
134. come /kʌm/ vi. 来，到来；变为/成；渐渐开始
【拓展】
come about 发/产生
come across 偶遇，无意中发现
come along 出现; 一起来; 陪伴; 进步
come around/round 来; 苏醒，恢复知觉
come back 回来; 记起; 恢复原状，重新流行
come by 得到; 从旁走过
come down 下来，降落；倒塌；流传下来；落魄，失势 
come down to 归结为，实质上是
com from来自；出生于
come in 进来/入  
come off 举行，成功; 表现; 脱离  
come on 快点; 开始；得了吧  
come out 出现/版；结果是；(花)开
come over 过来；顺便来访  
come to 共计，达到；得出；来到；苏醒
come to life 苏醒; 表现生动; 振作起来
come to realize 开始意识到
sth. come to sb. 某人想起某事
come true实现；达到
come up 走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出   
come up with 提/想出; 赶上
to come 未来的；将到来的
when it comes to (doing) sth. 当涉及/提到(做)某事时
【例句】①He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland. 1989年，当他在瑞士工作时，他提出了(创建)万维网的想法。
②When it comes to educating children, the Chinese parents think little of money.当谈到教育孩子的问题时，中国的父母不怎么考虑金钱。
③There is no need for you to look up every new word you come across when reading．You have to learn how to guess the meaning of new words according to the context．你没有必要查阅你阅读时所遇到的每一个生词。你要学会如何根据上下文来猜测生词的含义。
【串记】When it comes to doing research on animals, the class comes to life. It comes to me that I came across the book in the basement when I came in. it came out last month. It came up with some good approaches to research. 当涉及到对动物的研究时，课堂变得生动起来。我突然想起我走进时在地下室里偶然发现了这本书。这本书是上个月出版的。它提出了一些很好的研究方法。
135. comfort /'kʌmfət/ n. 舒适(感)，安逸；n. & vi. 安慰；慰问/籍；令人感到安慰的人/物
【拓展】
(1)in comfort(＝comfortably)舒服地
take comfort from从……中得到安慰
(2)comfortable adj.舒适的，安逸的(反uncomfortable)
comfortably adv.舒服地
【例句】 Coming off work, the engineer lies in comfort in the sofa, drinking and watching TV. 下班后，工程师舒舒服服地躺在沙发上，一边喝酒一边看电视。
【点津】
(1)comfort意为“安逸，舒适”时，为不可数名词；意为“给予援助或安慰的人或事”时，为可数名词。类似的词还有surprise，success，failure，pleasure等。
(2)comfortable既可表示“感到舒服的”，也可表示“令人舒服的”，但不表示“安慰的”，所以“他的话让我颇感安慰”不宜译为：What he said made me very comfortable.可译为：What he said gave me great comfort.。
【串记】Don’t attempt to comfort the lonely artist. In fact, he lives a comfortable life alone in the moun-
tain. He does not need any comfort at all. 不要试图安慰那位孤独的艺术家。事实上，他独自一人在山里过着舒适的生活。他根本不需要任何安慰。
136. command /kə'mɑːnd/ n. & v. 命令；指挥，控制；掌握
【拓展】
(1)in command of指挥；控制
in/under the command of  由……指挥；由……控制
take command of      控制；担任……的指挥
have a good command of 精通；对…掌握熟练
(2)command sb.to do sth.      命令某人做某事
command that ...(should) do ...命令……
commander 指挥官 
commander in chief总指挥，总司令
【例句】①Nobody can take command of the situation where everything is in a mess.没有人能控制混乱局势。
②The director commanded that everyone(should) follow his advice.主任命令所有人都要听从他的建议。
【串记】The commander has a good command of leadership. Under his command, our army has made advances. He commands the soldiers to drill strictly. 指挥官有很好的领导才能。在他的指挥下，我军取得了进展。他命令士兵们严格操练。
137. comment /'kɒment/ n. & v. 评论(近remark)
【拓展】
comment on/upon对……评论
make comments on/upon对……评论
no comment 无可奉告
【例句】Have you any comments to make upon my article?你对我的文章有什么意见?
【串记】Don’t make comments on others’ customs and cultures. No comment is absolutely just and objective. 不要评论别人的风俗和文化。没有任何评论是绝对公正和客观的。
138. common /'kɒmən/ a. 普遍的，常见的(反uncommon/rare)；一普通的，一般的；共有/同的
【拓展】
(1)have a lot/much/a great deal in common with
与……有很多共同之处
have nothing/little in common with
与……没有/很少有共同之处
(2)in common with  与……一样
(3)common sense/knowledge  常识 
commonly ad. 一般地; 通常地; 普通地
【例句】①Adam and Max hardly knew what to talk about because they had so little in common.亚当和马克斯几乎不知道谈什么，因为他们很少有共同之处。
②In common with a lot of other countries, we're facing a lot of economic challenges.同许多别的国家一样，我们正面临着很多经济挑战。
【串记】What they have in common is that they both lack common sense. 他们的共同点是都缺乏常识。
139. communicate /kə'mjuːnɪkeɪt/ v. 交流，沟通；交际；传达（感情，信息等）
【拓展】
communicate to 传染,传送
communicate with 与…通讯〔交通,相通,互通〕
communication n. 通讯，通信；交流
be in communication with与……通信，同……保持联系
communicative a. 交际的，健谈的
【例句】①She communicated her ideas to her subordinates．她把她的意见传达给下属。
②Deaf peopIe communIcate by sign language．聋人用手势语交谈。
【串记】The son seldom communicates with his stepmother as they are neither communicative. Their communication often end up in failure. 儿子很少和继母交流，因为他们两个都不善于交流。他们的沟通常常以失败告终。
140. company /'kʌmp(ə)nɪ/ n. 公司；陪/作伴；连队
【拓展】
(1)keep sb. company＝accompany sb. 陪伴某人
in the company of在……的陪伴下
keep company with 与某人结伴/打交道
accompany v. 陪伴；伴随；伴奏
accompany sb. to sp.陪伴某人去某地
accompany sb. at/on...用……为某人伴奏
be accompanied with/by与……同时存在或发生；伴随
【例句】①Never keep company with dishonest persons.不要与不诚实的人打交道。
②He shall go to Beijing in the company of me. 他将在我的陪伴下去北京。
③While she was singing on the stage，her mother was accompanying her at/on the piano. 当她在舞台上唱歌时，她妈妈正陪着她弹钢琴。
④The disease is accompanied with/by sneezing and fever. 这种疾病伴有打喷嚏和发烧。
【串记】The sick girl in hospital feels lonely and sad. All her companions can’t keep her company. They are either too busy or too far away. And her mother has to accompany her little 3-month-old sister. 这个生病住院的女孩感到孤独和悲伤。不是所有的同伴都能陪伴她。他们不是太忙就是太远。她的母亲必须陪伴她3个月大的妹妹。







【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. The pianist was playing the piano to        (company) the beauty’s graceful dance.
2. You do well in jobs that deal with         (communicate) and meeting the needs of others.
3. The commander in chief commanded that all the men          (advance) at once. 
4. What          (combine) of information will give me the certainty I need? 
5, Growing pains play an important role in my life and make my life           (colour). 
6. We are currently researching these            (collect), and hope to have an exhibition.  
7. This is one example of how Southeast Asian markets were           (close) linked with those in China. 
8. This is important because it supports the concept of             (classify). 
9. The revolution could start in the countryside and then go on to           (circle) the cities.  
10. Facing so many          (choose), the passengers were unable to make a decision on the spot.
二、单句改错。
1. However, it's common used today for collecting a series of files, especially from a directory.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. “Sit or lie down comfortable with your back straight and close your eyes. “ ordered the doctor.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Therefore, we should combine machine translation to human translation efficiently. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. It takes all sorts of people to make our world so interesting and colored. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
5.If someone from one of those cultures stands too closely to an American while in conversation, the American may feel uncomfortable and back away. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. Enzo, a very short, strongly built boy, put his hand over his heart and said in tears, yet clever.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. They are not as tall as him, but to me, they are so tall that I cannot see their faces clear.
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. The musicians were playing classic music and all of them was professional. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. No matter what happens each day, I go to sleep thinking of something  cheer.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. My mother has a pair of keen eyes which can speak. Whenever I encounter difficulties, her eyes will encourage me and help me cheer on. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. They believe many animals are not allowed to live              (舒适地) and, when they are killed, it is carried out in a very painful way.
2. Political decisions sometimes                      (归为)the judgement and wisdom of individuals.  
3. The volunteers help the cleaners              (打扫干净) the streets, parks, rivers and so on. 
4. If you claim a child has the right of              (做选择), then he should be regarded as an adult. 
5. There are so many people                             (进行健康检查). Both the check-in and checkout are surrounded with customers. They can pay by check or by credit card.

四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 你能告诉我这事故是怎样发生的吗？(come about)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 很明显，这个乞丐与其他的毫无相似之处。(have nothing in common with)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. 不要评论别人的外表，那会伤害别人。(comment on)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. 这个聪明的孩子尤其在数学方面特别机敏。(be clever at)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. 除了执行原计划，我们别无选择。
_______________________________________________________________________________









【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. accompany  2. communication  3. (should)advance  4. combination  5. colourful  6. collections  7. closely  8. classification  9. encircle  10. choices

二、单句改错。
1. common→commonly  2. comfortable→comfortably  3. to→with/and  4. colored→colourful  5. closely→close  6. clever→cleverly  7. clear→clearly  8. was→were  9.  cheer→cheerful  10. on→up
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. in comfort  2. come down to   3. clean up/out  4. making choices  5. having a health check  
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. Can you tell me how the accident come about? 
2. Clearly, the beggar has nothing in common with the others, which will hurt others.
3. Don't comment on other people's physical appearance.
4. The bright boy is especially clever at maths. 
5. We have no choice but to carry out the original plan.

高考英语核心词汇拓展 Day 8
141. compare /kəm'peə/ vt. 比较，对照；比喻/拟
【拓展】
compare A to/with B 把A和B进行比较
compare A to B 把A比作B 
compare notes (with sb.)  (和某人)交换意见
compared to/with 与…比较起来/而言(通常作状语)
beyond / without compare 无与伦比，举世无双
comparison n. 比较/喻 
in/by comparison (with)(与…)相比/比较
comparable a.可比较的，可相提并论的(反incomparable)
comparative a.比较而言的，相对的(同relative)
【例句】①Many parents like comparing their own children with/to their friends' children. 许多父母喜欢拿自己的孩子和朋友的孩子进行比较。
②Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.与逃逸的司机相比，我为我所做的事情感到骄傲。
③The beauty of the landscape here is beyond compare．此地风景之优美无与伦比。
【串记】Some poets compare the beauty to a flower, and others compare her with other beauties. But she thinks she is incomparable. 有些诗人把美女比作花，有些人把她别的美人比较。但她认为自己是无与伦比的。 
142. compete /kəm'piːt/ vi. 比赛，竞赛 
【拓展】
compete against 与…进行竞争
compete in 在…方面竞争,在…方面胜任
compete with 为…而竞争
compete with/against sb. for sth. 因…与…竞争
competitive a．竞争
competition n．竞争
competitor n．竞争者
【例句】①Runners from many countries are competing for the international prize.来自许多国家的赛跑运动员正在为获得这项国际奖而竞争。
②We cannot hope to compete with so experienced a team.我们没有希望能够与如此经验丰富的队竞争。
【串记】The young tennis competitor often competed in some competitions against players who were more competitive than he. So he was always beaten. 这位年轻的网球选手经常参加一些比赛，和比他更具竞争力的选手对抗，所以他总是被打败。
【辨析】compete/contest/match
三者均有“比赛，竞争”之意。
compete指两个（或一些）人或派别之间，为达到某种目标而进行的竞争；
contest多指在音乐、书法、演讲等方面所进行的比赛或竞赛，其结果由评判委员会裁决；
match通常指体育运动项目的比赛，隐含势均力敌意味。
143. complain /kəm'pleɪn/ v. 抱怨，不满；投诉
【拓展】
(1)complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth.(向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)发牢骚
complain (to sb.) that ...(向某人)抱怨……
(2)complaint n.      抱怨；投诉；控告
make a complaint about/of sth.      抱怨/投诉某事
make a complaint to sb.     向某人抱怨/投诉
【例句】①Several passengers complained to the air company about/of the bad service on the flight.几名旅客向航空公司抱怨班机上服务差。
②If you want to make a complaint about that, you should see the manager.如果你要对此投诉，你应该去见经理。
【串记】A shop assistant began to complain to me
about too many complaints she received from cus-
tomers against her. 一个店员开始向我抱怨她收到顾客对她的投诉太多了。
144. complete /kəm'pliːt/ vt. 完成，结束；使完整；填写；a. 完成的；完整的(反incomplete)，全部的(同whole)；完全的，彻底的(同total) 
【拓展】
complete for为某目的而完成
complete in以…算完成
complete with以…完成
completely ad. 完全地，彻底地; 完整地
completion n. 完成，结束; 实现
【例句】①The news of his success completed my happiness．他取得成功的消息使我快乐无比。
②The library has a complete set of Shake-speare's plays.图书馆有一整套莎士比亚戏剧集。
【串记】When the applicant completed the form, she found she was completely wrong. She thought she was a complete failure. 当申请人填完表格后，她发现她完全错了。她认为自己完全失败了。
145. concentrate /'kɒns(ə)ntreɪt/ n. & v. (使)聚焦于；集中；专心；浓缩
【拓展】
(1)concentrate ...on/upon (doing) sth.把……专注于(做)某事
concentrate on/upon ...      专注于……
(2)concentration n.      专心， 集中浓度; 浓缩
concentrated a. 集中的，全神贯注的；浓缩的
【例句】①I am concerned about it that I can’t concentrate on my work because of headaches．
我担心自己由于头疼而不能集中精力于我的工作。
②Many firms are concentrating on increasing their markets overseas.许多公司正在集中精力开拓它们的海外市场。
【串记】The researcher concentrates his energy and time on his work because doing research calls for concentration. If he is not concentrated, he will be a complete failure. 研究人员把精力和时间集中在工作上，因为做研究需要专心。如果他不专心，他就会彻底失败。
146. concern /kən'sɜːn/ v. 关于，涉及；使担心(同worry)；n. 关心，担忧；担心/关心的事
【拓展】
(1)be concerned with ...与……有关，涉及
be concerned about/for ...关心/担心……
be concerned in ...  被牵扯进……
as far as ... be concerned就……而言/来说
(2)concern n．& v.      关心；担心
show/express one's concern about/for对……表示关心/担心
(3)concerning prep.      关于 
【例句】①I think weshould show more concern for/about our friends.我认为我们应该对朋友表示更多的关心。
②To begin with, as far as I am concerned, I have made good preparations for the examination.
我们政府决心解决农民们最关心的那些问题。
【串记】Bringing up a child is the parents’ primary concern. His growth concerns the happiness of the complete family. They are concerned about his study, health, association etc. but he rejects their concern, thinking his business is not concerned with them. 抚养孩子是父母最关心的事。他的成长关系到整个家庭的幸福。他们关心他的学习，健康，交往等，但他拒绝他们的关心，认为他的事与他们无关。
147. conclude /kən'kluːd/ v. 推断出，断定；完成，结束
【拓展】
(1) conclude ...with ...      以……结束……
conclude that ...      结论是……
(2)conclusion n．结论；结束
draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论
make a conclusion      下结论
in conclusion      总之；最后
【例句】①When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用几条要点来结束它。
②From these facts we can draw some conclusions about how the pyramids were built.从这些事实我们可以得出一些关于金字塔是如何建造的结论。
③In conclusion, friendship provides a sense of belonging and comfort. 总之，友谊提供了一种归属感和舒适感。
【串记】To conclude, the discussion arrived at a incomplete conclusion, which didn’t include all situations. 最后，讨论得出了一个不完整的结论，并没有包括所有的情况。
148. condition /kən'dɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 状/情况；环境；条件
【拓展】
(1)living/housing/working conditions生活/住房/工作条件
under ... conditions  在……条件下
(2)be in good/bad/poor condition状况良好/恶劣；健康/不健康
out of condition  身体不适
(3)on condition (that) ... 在……条件下；倘若
on no condition 决不(放于句首时，句子需部分倒装)
conditional n. 有条件的，假定的(反unconditional)
【例句】①Although the used car seems in good condition, it can't run too fast.尽管这辆用过的车好像状况良好，但不能跑太快。
②I'll let you use my bike on condition that you return it tomorrow.只要你明天归还，就可以用我的自行车。
③On no condition should untrained workers use the equipment.未经训练的工人绝对不能使用这一设备。
④Under no condition will China be the first to use 
nuclear weapons. 中国任何情况下都不会首先使用核武器。
【点津】condition表示“(工作、生活或住房等)条件”时，通常要用复数形式；而表示“状况”时，则为不可数名词。
【串记】The employees claim to work on on (the) condition that their working conditions are improved. Or on no condition will they return to work. 雇员们声称他们的工作条件得到了改善他们才继续工作。或者在任何情况下他们都不会重返工作岗位。
149. conduct /'kɒndʌkt/ vt. 引导，带领(同direct)；指挥；实施，进行(同carry out)；n. & v. 行为，举止(同behave, behaviour)
【拓展】
conduct oneself 表现，举止(同behave oneself)
conduct an experiment/a survey 进行实验/调查
conductor a.  (音乐)指挥；售票员，列车员；导体【例句】①The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city.导游引导我们游览了古城废墟。
②My music teacher is also a conductor, having conducted dozens of concerts. 我的音乐老师也是一位指挥家，指挥过几十场音乐会。
【串记】The conductors are conducting a survey on the passengers’ conduct on the train. They conduct themselves. 列车员正在对乘客在火车上的行为进行调查。他们很规矩。
150. confident /'kɒnfɪd(ə)nt/ a.自信的；确信的
【拓展】
(1)be confident of/about对……有信心
(2)confidence n.自信心；信任
with confidence＝confidently自信地；有信心地
in confidence私下地；秘密地
have confidence in对……有信心
have confidence to do...有做……的信心
build up/increase confidence 增强/提高自信
confidently ad. 自信地，确信地
【例句】①We should encourage him to have confidence in/be confident about himself. 我们应该鼓励他对自己有信心。
②I told you that in confidence，so why did you tell Joan about it? 我私下地地告诉你，那你为什么把这件事告诉琼？
③ He answered that question confidently/with confidence. 他自信地回答了这个问题。
易错点拨表示“自信能做某事”时，be confident后通常接of/about (doing) sth. 或that从句，不接不定式，但名词confidence后面却可接不定式，不接of/about doing。
【串记】Confidence plays an important role in our career. If you are not confident of yourself, nobody has confidence in you. 自信在我们的职业生涯中扮演着重要的角色。如果你对自己没有信心，就没有人对你有信心。
151. confuse /kən'fjuːz/ v. 使混乱/困惑/糊涂；混淆
【拓展】
(1) confuse ... with/and ... 把……与……混淆
(2)confused adj. 混乱的；迷惑不解的，感到迷惑的
get/be/become confused about 对……迷惑不解
be confused by 被……搞糊涂
(3) confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的
(4)confusion n.      困惑；混淆，混乱
in confusion      困惑地；困窘地
【例句】①Don't confuse him with his brother. They are much alike.别把他与他弟弟混淆了。他们非常相像。
②Most of the children are still confused about the ending of the film.大部分孩子对这部电影的结尾仍感到困惑不解。
③Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing.有时候，同一个单词在意义上一点细微的差别就让人困惑。
【串记】They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do.他们提了一大堆令人费解的问题，把我难住了。我稀里糊涂，茫然地站在那儿，全然不知所措。
152. congratulate /kən'grætjʊleɪt/ v. 祝贺，向…道喜
【拓展】
(1)congratulate sb. on/upon (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人祝贺
congratulate oneself on sth.  为某事庆幸/感到自豪
(2) congratulation n．祝贺；祝贺词(常用复数)
offer/send one's congratulations to sb.(on sth.)(为某事)向某人表示祝贺
express/accept one's congratulations表示/接受某人的祝贺
【例句】①You should congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。
②We offered our congratulations to Mr.Wang on his success in business.我们祝贺王先生生意兴隆。
【辨析】congratulate, celebrate
这两个词都有“庆贺”的意思。其区别在于: congratulate指对某人取得的成就或喜庆之事表示祝贺，其宾语是人，表示就某事祝贺某人时，常与介词on搭配。celebrate通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情，多暗示节日般的欢乐场面，宾语为事件。
【串记】Their son was admitted to Beijing University. They held a party to celebrate it. At the party, their friends congratulated them on their son's success. Those who didn't come telephoned to send their congratulations to them. 他们的儿子被北京大学录取了。他们举行了一个聚会来庆祝它。在聚会上，他们的朋友祝贺他们儿子的成功。那些没来的人打电话来向他们表示祝贺。
153. connect /kə'nekt/ vt. 连接/结；联系；衔接；把…联系起来
【拓展】
(1) connect A and/to/with B 把A和B连接起来
connect A with B 把A和B联系起来
connect ... with/to ...把……和……联系/连接起来
(2)connected a. 连接的；有联系的 
be connected with与……有联系/关系
(3)connection 连/联接；接头；联系(同link)
have connection with  与……有关系
in connection with  与……有关
【例句】①A good student must connect what he reads with/to what he sees around him.好学生必须会把他在书本里读到的东西与他在周围所看到的事物联系起来。
②Health problems are connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. 健康问题与不良饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼有关。
③The police arrested the men in connection with a bank robbery.警察拘留了与一次银行抢劫案有牵连的那几个人。
【串记】The flat is connected to another flat so the police connect the murder with another case. They conclude the death of the renter is connected with the disappearance of the landlord. 那套公寓与另一套公寓相连，所以警察把凶杀案与另一起案件联系起来。他们断定房客的死亡与房东的失踪有关。
154. consider /kən'sɪdə/ vt. 考虑；顾及；认为
【拓展】
(1)consider(考虑)＋
(2)consider(认为)＋
(3)consideration n．         考虑，体谅
take ...into consideration      考虑到……，顾及到……
under consideration     正在考虑之中
(4)considering prep.      考虑到；鉴于
considerate adj.      关切的；体谅的；体贴的
considerable adj.      相当多的；相当大的
【例句】①I'm considering becoming a teacher after graduation because a teacher is often considered to be the engineer of human souls.我在考虑毕业后当老师，因为老师常被认为是人类灵魂的工程师。
②Everything taken into consideration, they trusted themselves more and returned to their positions.把一切考虑在内后，他们更相信自己并且回到了自己的职位上。
【串记】The conductor is considered to be a great musician with considerable achievements. Besides, he is considerate and generous. He is considering giving away all his belongings to charity. 这位指挥家被认为是一位成就斐然的伟大音乐家。此外，他是体贴和慷慨的。他正在考虑把他所有的财产捐给慈善机构。
155. consist /kən'sɪst/ v. 组成，构成
【拓展】
consist in   在于，存在于
consist of由……组成；由……构成
consist with      与……一致，相吻合
consistent a. 始终如一的 
be consistent with 与…一致/吻合
【例句】①The true wealth does not consist in what we have, but in what we are.真正的财富不在于我们拥有什么,而在于我们的人格。
②His story was consistent with the facts．他的报道与事实相符。
【点津】consist of一般不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态；其非谓语动词应用现在分词形式。它的同义短语有：be composed of和be made up of。
【串记】Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrows while happiness and sorrows consist in struggle.生活主要由幸福和悲伤构成，而幸福和悲伤寓于奋斗之中。
156. consume /kən'sjuːm/ vt. 消耗/费，耗费
【拓展】
consume away毁掉,毁灭 
be consumed with 为(某种思想)而不断受折磨
consumer n. 消费者
consumption n. 消耗/费，耗费
【例句】We need to consume much less, which 
means we need to produce much less. 我们需要消费的少许多，这意味着我们需要的生产少很多。
【串记】Most consumers consume unwisely. They formed a consumer culture, thinking consumption contributes to production; the two form a circle. But consumption also causes pollution and exhaustion of resources. 大多数消费者消费不明智。他们形成了消费文化，认为消费有助于生产;这两个形成一个循环。但消费也会造成污染和资源的枯竭。
157. contact /'kɒntækt/ n. & v. 触碰，接触(同touch)；联系/络(同touch)
【拓展】
come into contact with ...与……接触；与……联系
get in(to) contact with      与……取得联系
have contact with 与…有联系/接触
lose contact with      与……失去联系
keep/be in contact with      与……保持联系
make contact with接触，与…联系
be out of contact with      与……没有联系
【例句】①Though they all lived nearby, I soon lost contact with them.虽然他们都住在附近，但我很快就和他们失去联系了。
②Have you kept in contact with your classmates after graduation?你毕业后和同学们还保持联系吗？
③He got (in)to contact_with many wealthy people in raising money for the project.在为该项工程筹款的过程中他联系了许多有钱人。
【点津】keep/be in contact with和be out of contact with表状态，可和时间段连用；而get in(to)/make contact with, lose contact with表示动作，不能和时间段连用。
contain /kən'teɪn/vt.包含；包括；容纳；忍住，抑制
【拓展】
contain one's anger/ feelings / grief 抑制(克制) 愤怒/感情/悲痛 
contain oneself 克制自己
contain with 使(自己)抑制住
contain oneself with sth使(自己)抑制住
container n. 容器
【例句】①The atlas contains forty maps, including three of Great Britain.
这个地图集有40幅地图,其中包括3幅英国地图。
②She could scarcely contain herself with delight when she opened the parcel.
当她打开这个包裹的时候,她简直抑制不住自己兴奋的心情。
【点津】contain是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语。表示“所属”“构成”关系时,不能用于进行体,不能用于被动结构,也不可用过去分词作定语; 作“控制,抑制”解时,多用于否定句或疑问句,其后接介词for〔with〕+高兴〔气愤〕等名词。
【辨析】contain, include
contain通常用来指某容器中盛有某物，装有某物；还可指某种物质中含有某种成分或含有其他物质，指作为组成部分而被包含或容纳在内。include通常表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内，在句中常构成分词短语sth.included或including sth.
158. content /kən'tent/ a. 满意/足的；使满足/意；n.主要内容 
【拓展】
be content to do sth. 对做某事满意
be content with对…满意
contents n. 容纳物；目录
【例句】①She is quite content to live at home with her parents.她十分满足于在家时和她父母同住。
②I am very content with my life at present．我对目前的生活心满意足。
【串记】The critic is content with the contents and content of the new book. 评论家对这本新书的目录和内容满意。
159. continue /kən'tɪnjuː/ vi. 继/持/延续；link. v.保持
【拓展】
continue to do/doing sth. 继续做某事
to be continued未完，待续
continuous a. 连续的，持续的; 连绵不断的
continually ad. 不断地，频繁地
【例句】①He continued reading in spite of the noise．尽管很吵闹，他还是阅读。
②The desert continues as far as the eye could reach沙漠向前延伸,一望无际。
【串记】The assistant feel content to work with his master. He will continue to do so. He considers it is a continuous career. 这位助手对和他的主人一起工作感到满意。他将继续这样做。他认为这是一个持续的职业。
160. contrary /'kɒntrərɪ/ n.& a. 相反，反面；相反的
【拓展】
be contrary to 违反；与…相反
by contraries相反，出乎意料地
on the contrary正相反，反之
to the contrary相反的，有相反的意思
【例句】Many things in our lives go by contraries．我们生活中有许多事与愿违的情况。
【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. Only parents can give their children         (condition) love., but they don’t feel it or cherish it. 
2. A person who aims high won’t be content        (earn) his living or support his family.
3. Who would you name as the greatest           (conduct) of your time?
4. The manager finds it hard to deal with the complaints from the           (consume). 
5. You should turn your music down out of            (consider) for your neighbour.
6. The folk songs have a close           (connect) with the agricultural culture .
7. I want to express our heartfelt             (congratulate) to you on your seventeenth birthday. 
8. There is some          (confuse) about the difference between architecture and design. 
9. In the long jump,          (compete) try to jump as far forward as possible.
10. I wonder who makes this decision and how they come to their            (conclude).  
二、单句改错。
1. One of the responsibilities of the government is to protect consumer’s rights.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Young children will usually compete with their mother's attention.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. By writing continuous, students can improve our writing ability in writing
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. My girlfriend received a secret letter form a complete stranger, making her confusing.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Not only must we be confidence of our own future, we must also be ready to cope with any sort of setbacks.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. You should forget yourself complete, and lose yourself in what you do. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. I am pleased to accept this award and plan to continue do all I can to support agriculture.
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. I have a stable job, a cheerful family, a caring wife and a bright son. I have nothing to complain. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. What advantages do you have comparing to other applicants? 
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. If you concentrate in the project, you can complete it ahead of time. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. We                     (下结论) on the basis of experiments. 
2. You can go swimming                      (条件是)you don't go too far from the river bank. 
3. I hope you enjoy my engine and                      (联系)me if you have any good ideas or suggestions.
4. These actions                      (与…一致)his principles. 
5. Happiness does not              (在于) how many possessions you own! 
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 不管发生什么，我们都应该对我们自己有信心。(have confidence in) 
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 一个人的成就与她的个性有密切关系。(be connected with) 
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. 你的行为违反了当地的风俗。(be contrary to) 
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. 你不应满足于现有的东西。(be content with)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. 和别人的经历相比，我真的很幸运。(compared to) 
_______________________________________________________________________________










【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. unconditional  2. to earn  3. conductor  4. consumers  5. consideration  6. connection  7. congratulations  8. confusion  9. competitors  10. conclusion

二、单句改错。
1. consumer’s→consumers’  2. with→for  3. continuous→continuously  4. confusing→confused 5. confidence→confident 6. complete→completely  7. do→doing或在do前面加to  8. 在complain 后面加of/about  9. comparing→compared  10. in→on
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. drew/draw this conclusion  2. on condition that  3. make contact with  4. are consistent with   5. consist in 
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. No matter what happens, we should have confidence in ourselves. 
2. One's achievements are closely connected with one's personality.
3. Your behavior/conduct is contrary to the local custom. 
4. You shouldn’t be content with what you have. 
5. Compared to what others have been through, I’m really fortunate.

高考英语核心词汇拓展 Day 9
161. contribute /kən'trɪbjuːt; 'kɒntrɪbjuːt/ v. 贡/捐献；造成，促使；投稿
【拓展】
(1)contribute to 有助于；促成；为……做贡献
contribute ...to/towards ...向……捐赠；向……投稿
(2)contribution n.  贡献；捐献；捐助
make a contribution/contributions to/towards ...为……做贡献
【例句】①The scientist was rewarded by the government for having made such a great contribution to the country.这位科学家因对国家做了这么大的贡献而受到奖励。
②Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement in English.最后，一些好的英语学习网站也对我的英语水平提高起了很大作用。
【点津】contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都为介词，后要接名词、代词或动名词。
【串记】Your success should contribute to the success of others! Everyone should make contributions to others and the whole society. 你的成功应该有助于他人的成功! 每个人都应该为他人和整个社会做出贡献。
Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper. 许多人捐钱给这个可怜的男孩，这促成了他重返学校。一位作家写了一篇关于这个的故事，并投给一家报纸。
consult /kən'sʌlt/v．商量，磋商；咨询；请教；查阅；顾及
【拓展】
consult sb. about sth.    向某人请教/咨询某事
consult with sb. about sth.      与某人商量/磋商某事
consult a dictionary/a map      查阅字典/查看地图
consult a doctor      向医生求诊
【例句】①The director consulted with some famous representatives of audience about the Spring Festival Gala of 2020.导演与一些知名观众代表就2020年的春晚进行了磋商。
②He often goes to my office to consult_me_about the method of learning English.他经常去我的办公室向我咨询学习英语的方法。
【联想】我们学过的关于“查字典”的表达法有哪些？
consult_a_dictionary,_refer_to_a_dictionary,_look_up_...in_a_dictionary等。
162. control /kən'trəʊl/ vt. & n. 控制；支配；操纵，抑/克制；约束
【拓展】
beyond control 无法控制 
have/take control of/over 控制，对…控制/约束
in control(of) 掌管(着)……，控制着……
in the control of受着……的控制(或支配)
lose control of/over 失去对…控制/约束
out of control 失去控制 
under control 控制住 
under the control of 受…的控制/约束
【例句】①Too high house prices can be brought under control, provided that the authorities introduce a series of regulatory policies.如果政府采取一系列调控措施的话，高房价是可以得到控制的。
②The children have been completely out of control since their father left.这些孩子自他们的父亲离开后就无法无天了。
③To our surprise, the man, who was looked down upon by others in the past, is now in control of the whole project. 令我们吃惊的是，这个过去被别人看不起的人，现在控制了整个项目。
④The real challenge is not only to control your words, but to take control of your thoughts. 因此真正的挑战不仅仅是你能否控制自己的说话，而是你能否控制自己的思想。
【串记】At first, everything was under control. The leader had a good control of the business. But later, he lost control over it. Now everything is beyond control. 起初，一切都在控制之中。领导很好地控制了公司。但后来，他失去了控制。现在一切都失去了控制。
163. convenient /kən'viːnɪənt/ n. 方便的，便利的(反inconvenient)
【拓展】
(1)it is/was convenient for sb.to do sth.    对于某人来说做某事是方便的
sth.be convenient for/to sb.某物对某人来说是方便的
sth.be convenient for sth.  某物离某物很近
(2)convenience n.      方便；便利
at one's convenience  在某人方便的时候
【例句】①If it is convenient for/to you in August, I'd like to ask you to go there for a visit then.如果你8月份方便的话，我想请你到那里去参观一下。
②Can you come and give me a hand at your convenience?你能在方便的时候过来帮我一把吗？
【点津】convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。如“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for/to you，而不是when you are convenient。
【串记】If it is inconvenient for you, let’s call off the appointment. We can do it at your convenience. 如果你不方便的话，我们取消这次约会吧。我们可以在你方便的时候做这件事。
164. convince /kən'vɪns/ v. 使确信/信服；说服(同persuade)
【拓展】
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事物
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convinced a. 确信的；深信的 
be convinced of/that ...相信/确信……
convincing a. 令人信服的；有说服力的
【例句】①From this story, I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.通过这个故事，我坚信了诚实的重要性，它将有助于构建一个温暖和谐的社会。
②His idea was not convincing. At last I convinced him to change his mind.他的观点没有说服力。最终我说服他改变了主意。
③ The picture convinces me that it is even more important to be a good daughter than a good student. 这幅画使我确信，做个好女儿比当好学生更重要。
【串记】if I you can convince your customers of the quality of your product, I am convinced that you can convince them to buy it. What concerns me is your statement is not convincing enough. 如果你们能使顾客相信你们产品的质量的话,我相信你能说服他们买它。让我担心的是你的陈述不够令人信服。
【辨析】convince与persuade都有“使坚信，说服某种事实”的意思。convince指通过讲道理、摆事实使人信服，语气较重persuade指用说理、恳求、诱导等方式影响别人的感情或愿望，使其不仅在思想上接受，而且见之于行动，着重于感情上打动或影响别人。convince+人+of+事，或接that从句；persuade+人+to do或接that从句。
165. corner /'kɔːnə/ n. 角，端；角落；拐/转角；vt. 把…逼入困境
【拓展】
from every corner of the earth来自世界各地
around(或round)the corner在拐角的地方；附近
cut corners以最简捷的方式做事；抄近路
in a corner秘密地
turn the corner转角，拐弯；有转机，脱险
【例句】①She sat in the corner, watching my every move.她坐在角落里注视著我的一举一动。
②She bought a box of chocolates at the corner store.她在街头小店购得一盒巧克力。
【串记】The taxi dropped me off at that corner. I went into that restaurant around the corner. Out of the 
corner of my eye I caught sight of a common custo-
mer in a corner, one that can be found in every corner of the world. 出租车在那个拐角处让我下车。我去了拐角处的那家餐馆。用眼角的余光，我看到一个普通的顾客在一个角落里，一个可以在世界任何角落找到的顾客。
166. correct /kə'rekt/ a. 正确的，对的(同right，反incorrect)；恰当的(同right, suitable)；v. 改/纠正
【拓展】
correction n. 改/修/纠/正
correctly ad. 正确地；恰当地
【例句】①Your answer to the question is correct.你对这个问题的回答是正确的。
②His head corrects his heart in the choice of friends.在选择朋友时,他的理智战胜了情感。
【串记】When you find the student pronounce incorrectly, you needn’t correct him immediately. 当你发现学生发音不正确时，你不必马上纠正他。
correspond /ˌkɒrə'spɒnd/ v. 符合；对应；通信
【拓展】
(1) correspond to      相当于；相一致，符合
correspond with和……通信；与……相一致；相符合
(2)correspondence n.      通信，一致，符合
in correspondence with      与……一致；与……有通信联系
【例句】①The goods do not correspond to the samples you sent me.这批货和你送来的样品不一样。
②I would also like to correspond with colleagues all over the world with the same hobbies as mine.我也很想和那些和我一样有着共同爱好的来自世界各地的同仁保持通信往来。
③My father has been in correspondence with old comrades in arms.我爸爸一直和老战友保持通信联系。
167. cost /kɒst/ (cost, cost) v. 值（多少钱）；花费；成本，价格，费用；代价，损失
【拓展】
(1)at the cost of以……为代价
at a cost of以……的费用/价格
at any cost(＝at all costs)以任何代价，不惜一切代价
(2)cost sb. sth. 花费某人某物，使某人付出代价
costly a. 昂贵的(同expensive)
【例句】①We must at all costs/at any cost prevent them from finding out about the plan.我们必须不惜一切代价阻止他们发现这个计划。
②He saved his daughter from the fire，but only at the cost of his own life.他从大火中救出了他的女儿，但却牺牲了自己的生命。
③He bought the piano at a cost of 500 dollars.他花500美元买下了这架钢琴。
④One mistake cost him his job.一个错误让他丢了工作。
【串记】A costly bag cost my wife three thousand pounds. She decided to cut down the cost at the cost of my stopping smoking. 一个昂贵的包花了我妻子三千英镑。她决定以我戒烟为代价来削减开支。
【辨析】cost/pay/spend/take
cost花费；使付出（主语为事物） 句型：sth. cost (sb.) some money；
take花费，耗费，需要（主语为事物） 句型： sth. it takes (sb.) time to do sth.；
spend …（on）花费；度过（主语为人） 句型：sb spends money/time on sth./in doing sth.；
pay…（for）支付；偿还（主语为人） 句型：sb pays money for sth.。
168. count /kaʊnt/ vt. 数数，计算总数；重要，有价值(同matter)点数
【拓展】
(1)count on/upon (＝ depend/rely on)指望/依靠
count on/upon sb. to do sth.指望/依靠某人做某事
count on/upon doing sth.  指望做某事
count in/out      把……计算在内/不计算在内
count ...as      把……当作…… 
（2）countable adj.      可数的
countless adj.      无数的，数不尽的
counter n. 柜台；计算/数器
【例句】①He cannot count on his friends to help  him when in trouble, for he is a selfish guy.在困难的时候，他不能再指望他的朋友帮助他了，因为他是一个自私的家伙。
②We count her as one of our oldest friends. 我们把她看作交情最久的朋友之一。
③I have twenty novels and countless magazine stories to my credit. 我著有20部小说，还在杂志上发表了无数个故事。 
【串记】Don’t count upon the business to give you a discount now. There are countless customers around the counter. 现在别指望商家会给你打折。柜台周围有无数的顾客。
169. courage /'kʌrɪdʒ/ n. 胆量；勇气/敢(同bravery)
【拓展】
lose courage丧失勇气
take(或pick up)courage鼓起勇气
take one's courage in both hands敢作敢为，勇往直前
have the courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事
courageous a. 有胆量的，勇敢的
encourage v. 鼓励，激励
discourage v. 打击，劝阻，使气馁/泄气
【例句】①I don't think I have the courage to tell him the bad news.我觉得我没有勇气告诉他这个坏消息。
②It was courageous of him to oppose his chief．他胆子真大，居然反对他的上司。
【串记】if he lost courage, encourage him. If he prayed for courage, give him courage, or give 
him the opportunity to be courageous? 如果他失去勇气，鼓励他。如果他祈祷勇气，给他勇气，还是给他机会变得有勇气？
170. cover /'kʌvə/ v. 覆盖，掩盖(反uncover)；涵盖，包括；走完，驶过；读完；够支付；采访，报道；n. 覆盖物，盖子，罩；封面
【拓展】
cover…with 用…覆盖
be covered in/with被……所覆盖（强调状态）
be covered by被……所覆盖（强调动作）
cover up (for sb.) (为某人)掩盖/饰【例句】①Secondary school in the US usually covers seven years, grades six to twelve.美国中学通常包括六到十二年级在内的七个年级。
②The wind blew in from the desert and covered everything with sand.风从沙漠那边吹来，把一切都蒙上了一层沙子。
③From space, the earth looks blue．This is because about seventy—one percent of its surface is covered with/by water．从太空中看，地球呈现蓝色。这是因为地球表面的大约百分之七十一由水覆盖。
【点津】cover采访的对象是事，后面跟表示事件的名词作宾语；而interview采访的对象是人，后面跟表示人的名词作宾语。
【串记】As a new reporter, I was sent to cover an local event and earned some money which could cover a used car. So I bought one and covered twenty miles, coming across a huge case at the corner of a street. I removed the cover covered with dust and discovered a book with an appealing cover. I began to read it. It covers talking, interviewing, travelling and dressing. I covered half of it by spending the afternoon in the car. 作为一名初出茅庐的记者，我被派去报道当地的一件大事，挣的钱足够买一辆二手车。于是我买了一个，走了20英里，在一条街的拐角处碰到一个大箱子。我揭开蒙着灰尘的盖子，发现了一本封面很吸引人的书。我开始读它。它涵盖谈话、面试、旅行和着装。我花了一个下午的时间呆在车里看了一半。
171. crazy /'kreɪzɪ/ a. 疯狂的，发狂的(同mad)；狂热的，热衷的(同mad)
【拓展】
be crazy to do sth.发疯做某事
be crazy about 对……着迷
drive sb. crazy 使某人发疯，把某人逼疯
go crazy 发疯，疯了
like crazy 拼命地，疯狂地
craziness n. 狂热，发狂
【例句】①We have to work like crazy to get this finished on time.为了按时完成工作我们得拼命干了。
②You must be crazy to go walking in such awful weather.你一定头脑发昏了,这么恶劣的天气还去散步。
③ A great many people are crazy about this book, regardless of their nationality. 很多人对这本书很着迷，不管他们的国籍如何。
【串记】The employee was crazy about work. She works like crazy. But when her company closed down, she went crazy. 这名员工对工作很狂热。她拼命工作。但是当她的公司倒闭时，她发疯了。
172. create /kriː'eɪt/ vt. 创造/作/立；造成，产生
【拓展】
create heroic images塑英雄形象 
create a drama创作戏剧
create a bad impression产生不良影响
creation n. 创造，创作；创作物，产物
creative a. 创造性的；创新的
creatively ad. 创造性地
creator n. 创造/作/立者
creature n. 生/动物；人
【例句】Schools should create a convenient and comfortable learning conditions for students. 学校应该为学生创造一个方便和舒适的学习环境。
【串记】All these creations were made by some creative young creators. But some of the creations may create some problems. 所有这些作品都是由一些有创造力年轻的创作者创作的。但有其中些创新作品可能会造成一些问题。

173. cross /krɒs/ n. 交叉，十字；十字架，十字形物；v. 交叉；横/越/穿过；a. 脾气不好的，易怒的；
【拓展】
cross out/off划掉，删去
crossing n. 十字路口；横渡
crossroads n. 十字/交叉路口
cross country a．越野的
crossover n．横跨马路的天桥，立交桥
cross talk对口相声；(电话)串线，串话
cross-walk人行横道线，斑马线
【例句】①It's very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说,穿过车来车往的街道很危险。
② The teacher crossed off his name from the list.老师从名单上划掉他的名字。
【串记】The toilet is across the road. Don’t cross it until the light turns green. Be careful of the cars coming from the crossroads. 厕所在马路对面。等绿灯亮了再过去。小心从十字路口开来的汽车。
【辨析】across/over/through/past
across指横过，沿着表面从一边到对面；over从物体上空过；through指从中间穿过，动作在立体空间内进行；past指从旁边经过。
174. crowd /kraʊd/ n. 人群；v. 拥挤，群聚
【拓展】
a crowd of=crowds of许多(人或物)
crowd into 涌/挤入，挤进
follow(或move with)the crowd随大流
crowded a. 拥挤的
be crowded with挤满，客满
【例句】The new department store is crowded with 
people almost every day. 那个新百货商店几乎每天都挤满了人。
【串记】By noon, crowds of customers crowd into the small restaurant, which is crowded with all sorts of people throughout the noon. 整个中午，成群的顾客涌进了这家小餐馆，整个中午里面挤满了各种各样的人。
175. culture /'kʌltʃə/ n. 文化/明；教养/化/育
【拓展】
culture shock/barrier 文化冲击/隔阂
cultural a. 文化的; 教养的
cultured a. 有教养的；人工培养的
cultivate v耕作,种植，养殖；培养，陶冶，教化，修养
【例句】We should open our minds to absorb all the cultures and all civilizations. 我们应该敞开我们的心胸，吸收一切文化，一切文明。
【串记】Only if one has a good command of cultural differences can he avoid culture shock. 只有掌握好文化差异，才能避免文化冲击。
176. cure /kjʊə; kjɔː/ n. & vt. 治疗；医好；疗法
【拓展】
cure sb. of 治愈某人的(伤/病)
the cure for …(伤/病) 的疗法
【例句】①The fact is that the medicine can't cure his father of his cancer.事实是这种药并不能治愈他父亲的癌症。
②Chinese scientists are absorbed in further research to find a cure for cancer.中国科学家致力于进一步研究以找到治愈癌症的方法。
【串记】A young doctor claimed he could cure me of my illness with a cure for depression. But I doubt him. 一位年轻的医生声称能用治疗抑郁症的方法治好了我的病。但我怀疑他。
【辨析】cure/treat
cure    指 “治愈，治好” 疾病，消除痛苦，除掉恶习、弊端、嗜好等，侧重结果。常用于 cure sb. of sth. 结构中 
treat    通常强调过程，指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思。一般用于 treat sb. for sth. 结构中
177. curious /'kjʊərɪəs/ a. 好奇的；奇异的
【拓展】
(1)be/become curious about对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 极想做某事
It’s curious that...真奇怪……
(2)curiosity n.好奇；好奇心
out of curiosity出于好奇
with curiosity＝curiously好奇地
meet/satisfy one’s curiosity满足某人的好奇心
【例句】①The boy was curious about everything he saw.那男孩对所见的一切都感到好奇。
②I am curious to know how that old clock works.我好奇地想知道这座老式钟是怎么走的。
③It is curious that no one (should) have noticed his presence.奇怪的是没有人注意到他在场。
④I had to explain the reasons to satisfy his curiosity.
我只好解释原因来满足他的好奇心。
【串记】To satisfy his curiosity, the adventurer crawl-
ed into the curious cave and disappeared. Curiosity cost him his life. 为了满足他的好奇心，这位冒险家爬进了这个奇怪的洞穴，然后消失了。好奇心害死了他。
178. custom /'kʌstəm/ n. 风/习俗；习惯(同habit)；定做的
【拓展】
family custom 家风 
follow the custom 遵循习俗
custom-made定制的
Customs: 海关；关税
customer n．顾客，主顾，买主
【例句】Social customs are greatly different from country to country.各个国家的社会风俗很不相同。
【串记】It is the custom for customers to give a tip to the tailor if the custom-made completely suitable. 如果定做的衣服完全合适，顾客给裁缝小费是一种习俗。
179. cut /kʌt/ (cut，cut) v. 切，剪，削；割/切伤，划破；修剪；削减；n. 伤/切口；削减；理发，发型
【拓展】
cut across走捷径，抄近路，横越过，交错
cut back削减，减少；返回；中途；停止
cut down砍倒；缩减(经费等)，压缩
cut in插嘴，打断；超车，抢挡
cut off切断，隔绝，中止，中断，剪去，切去
cut out删掉；裁剪；中止；突然离开；使适合
cut short突然停止；缩短，减少
cut through 刺穿; 抄近路走过
cut up 切/割/剪碎
【例句】①Many big trees along the road have been cut down for building houses, many of the branches of which have been cut up for firewood.路边的许多大树都被砍掉用来建房了，树上的很多树枝被劈作木柴了。
②It is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking.孩子们在他们的长辈谈话时插嘴讲话是不礼貌的。
【串记】 If you cut in, I will cut down your living expenses and cut off your association with others. 如果你插话，我就降低你的生活费，切断你与他人的联系。
180. daily /'deɪlɪ/ a. 每日的；日常的(everyday)；ad. 每天(every day)；n. 日报
【拓展】
China Daily《中国日报》
daily life日常生活
【例句】The reporter contributed an article to "China
Daily". 这位记者向《中国日报》上投了一篇文章。
【串记】 In daily life, the researcher reads the People's Daily. 在日常生活中，研究者每天阅读人民日报。
【辨析】daily指每日必然出现的事物，也指以日为计算时间单位的事物或指一天与另一天不同的事物；everyday指日常发生的，或每日发生的，也许24小时内不一定发生，它专指普通、一般、日常的事物，而不指特殊事件(物)。
【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. Once we learn how to use it it can make a positive           (contribute) to our growth. 
2. If you can't take control over your emotions, you will be          (control) by them.
3. Online payment is very popular in China. People do it for the        (convenient) of not carrying cash.
4. You need to sell yourself to the employer by          (convince) them that you have the skills.
5. If you practice the incorrect sentence, you will have perfected saying the sentence          (correct). 
6. The         (courage) captain managed to save a sailor at the cost of his own life.
7. When we        (cover) inaccurate and unhelpful habits of thinking, we begin to correct them. 
8.         (culture), they have much in common with their neighbour just across the border.
9.        (corner) animals are very dangerous. They will attack you desperately. Be careful of them.
10. The        (create) of the master were killed by it at the end of the novel.   
二、单句改错。
1. The application science contributes to advance national economy.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Robots can do what people can't do under control of the computer. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. This is the most convinced evidence that I can find to prove my point. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. There is one bus station in the corner of Huanghe Road and Wusi Road. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. What has this belief already spent me? How has it limited me in the past?
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. The waiter bought a piano at a 20% discount during the Spring Festival.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. The skilled doctor who never studied abroad cured the patient for his heart trouble.
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. Go down this street, across the bridge and turn right at the crossing. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. Because this is my field of study, I hope to keep learning about culture variety and adjustments together. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. When she saw her nice haircut, a smile flashed through her face. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. Can you telephone me                       (在你方便时) to arrange a meeting. 你能不能在你方便的时候给我来个电话，安排见面？
2. With the new term                      (即将来临), the children become excited and anxious.
3. Though it is unclear as to what their aims are, it is certain that they must be stopped              
                             (不惜一切代价). 
4.                   (出于好奇), the boy touched the curiosities on the corner of the street.  
5. Stress, and anxiety are conditions that people deal with                             (每天).  
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 我独自骑车在大街上,突然一辆车超车把我撞倒。(cut in)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 他慢慢地开车，因为大街上挤满了人。(be crowded with)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. 那位大学生以牺牲他自己的生命为代价，救了这个男孩。(at the cost of)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. 他们从未想到女生会对足球这样着迷。(it occurs to sb. that, be crazy about)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. 好奇心和创造力密切相关。(go hand in hand)
_______________________________________________________________________________











【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. contribution  2. controlled  3. convenience  4. convincing  5. incorrectly  6. courageous  7. uncover/discover  8. Culturally  9. Corned  10. creators

二、单句改错。
1. advance→advancing   2. 在under后面加the  3. convinced→convincing  4. in→at  5. spent→cost  
6. at→for  7. for→of  8. across→cross  9. culture→cultural  10. through→across
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. at your convenience  2. around the corner  3. at all costs/at any cost  4. Out of curiosity  5. on a daily basis
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden a car cut in and knocked me down. 
2. The motorists drove slowly. The avenue was crowded with(挤满了) people and vehicles.
3. The college student saved the boy at the cost of his own life.  
4. It never occurred to them that girls should be crazy about soccer. 
5. Curiosity and creativity go hand in hand.

高考英语核心词汇拓展  Day 10
181. damage /'dæmɪdʒ/ n. & vt. 毁坏，损害(同harm)
【拓展】
do/cause damage to 对…造成损害/坏
What’s the damage? (口)要付多少钱呢?
damage one's reputation(house)毁坏名誉(房屋)
damages n. 赔偿金
【例句】Your behavior may damage your image. 你的行为可能会损害你的形象。
【串记】I did some damage to the desk, and they made me pay for the damage. The damages were as much as 100 yuan. 我把桌子弄坏了，他们让我赔偿损失。损失高达100元。
【辨析】damage/harm/destroy/ruin
damage v. & n. 损坏, 损害(可修复)；
harm v. &. n. 伤害，损害(可修复)；
destroy 毁坏 (突然、彻底地，不可修复)；
ruin v.& n. 毁灭/坏 (逐渐地，强调使丧失功用或降低价值，不强调物理上的破坏)。
182. danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r) / n. 危险(性)；危险的人/物
【拓展】
in danger陷于危险之中
be in danger of有……的危险
out of danger脱离危险
dangerous a. 危险的
endanger vt. 危及; 使遭到危险 
endangered a. 濒临灭绝的; 有生命危险的
【例句】This river is in danger of being polluted．这条河有被污染的危险。
【串记】Some dangerous animal are endangered
because of climate change or overhunting. Humans should do something to make them him out of danger. 一些危险的动物因为气候变化或过度捕猎而濒临灭绝。人类应该做些什么让自己脱离危险。
183. date /deɪt/ vi.始于(某一历史时期) vt.确定……的年代；注明日期于n.日期；约会；枣
【拓展】
(1)date from/back to起源于；追溯到……
(2)set a date for  确定……的日期
out of date  过时的
up to date 现代的；最新的
【例句】①This temple has a long history dating  from the early period of the Tang Dynasty.这座寺庙历史悠久，可以追溯到初唐时期。
②The clothes look up to date now, but they will soon be out of date.这些衣服现在看起来时尚，但不久就会过时。
【点津】date from/back to常指以“现在”为起点向前推，故在句中作谓语时，常用一般现在时。它们没有进行时态，也没有被动形式。故它们用作定语时，要用现在分词形式。
【串记】The system which dates back to the 1990s is out of date. If an expert upgrades it, it will be up to date. 这个可以追溯到20世纪90年代的系统已经过时了。如果专家升级它，它将是最新的。
【形近区分】data 数据(datum的复数)
184. deal /diːl/ (dealt,dealt)n. 量，数额；交易(同trade)；v. 处理；做生意
【拓展】
deal in 经营，买卖(同trade in)
deal with处理，论述，涉及；对待，安排
a great(good)deal大量，许多
a good〔great〕deal 很多,相当多(修饰不可数名词)
dealer n. 商人，经销商
【例句】①The question will soon be dealt with．这个问题很快就会得到处理。
②He is difficult to deal with．他是个很难相处人。
③She spent a great deal of money on new clothes.她花了许多钱购买新衣服。
【串记】The dealer dealt in rice before. She bought a great deal of rice from farmers and sold it to supermarkets. She dealt with all sorts of people and dealt with all kinds of problems. 这个商人以前经营大米。她从农民那里买了很多大米，卖给了超市。她和各种各样的人打交道，处理各种各样的问题。
185. debate n. & v. 辩/讨/争论；辩论会
【拓展】
(1) debate on/about/over ...      就……辩论
debate about sth. with sb.  和某人就某事辩论
(2) under debate正在讨论中
hold a debate 行讨论
There is a fierce/heated debate on/over/about sth. 关于某事有激烈的争论。
【例句】①We must debate about the question with the rest of the members.我们必须和其他会员讨论这个问题
②There is a heated debate on/over/about whether women should spend more time in the home.对妇女是否应该花更多时间待在家里有一场热烈的争论。
③It has been reported that the country's health­care reform is still under debate. 据报道这个国家的医疗改革仍然在讨论中。
【串记】The two groups of students debated over whether students can carry cell phones at school. The debate lasted two hours and made a deep impression on the audience. 两组学生就学生是否可以在学校携带手机展开了辩论。这场辩论持续了两个小时，给观众留下了深刻的印象。
186. decide /dɪ'saɪd/ v. 决/选定；下决心
【拓展】
decide between 作出抉择
decide on〔upon〕就…作出决定,决定要
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
decided a. 明确的, 显然的; 坚决的，果断的
decision n. 决定/心/议；果断；抉择
make up a decision做出决定
come to decision做出决定
with decision断然
decisive a. 决定性的；果断的
【例句】①We must decide on a fit time and place 
for the meeting. 我们必须决定在一个适当的时间和地点召开会议。
②We must decide between going home and staying at school during this winter vacation.我们必须决定寒假期间是回家还是留校。
【串记】The adventurers decided to abandon the arrangement at the decisive time though it was hard to make the decision. 冒险家们在决定性的时刻决定放弃这一安排，尽管很难做出决定。
187. declare /dɪ'kleə/ vt. 声明；断言；申报(纳税品等)
【拓展】
declare war on/against向……宣战
declare for/against 表示赞成/反对
declare sb.to be ...  宣布某人为……
declare ...open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
declare that ...      宣布……
declaration n. 宣布；公告；（纳税品等的）申报
【例句】①President Bush said if terrorists declared war on/against the United States, war would be what they got.布什总统说如果恐怖分子向美国宣战，那么他们得到的就是战争。
②The company declared that it would recall the machines under guarantee.这个公司宣布会召回那些在保修期内的机器。
【串记】The chairman declared the ceremony open. He declared the violent actions to be crimes. At last, he declared war on terrorism. His declaration was decisive. 主席宣布仪式开始。他宣布这些暴力行为是犯罪行为。最后，他向恐怖主义宣战。他的声明是决定性的。
decline [dɪ'klaɪn] n．& v．衰退；下降；减少；谢绝，婉拒 
【拓展】
(1)be in decline　处于下降/衰退中
on the decline  在衰退；在没落中；在消减
(2)decline to do sth. 谢绝做某事
decline by/to 下降了/到
【例句】
①According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.据科学家说，我们的思考能力在22岁达到顶峰之后，便从27岁开始下降。
②The officer at first declined to make a statement about this incident, but later she agreed under the pressure of public opinion.这位官员起初对这起事件拒绝发表声明，但是迫于公众的舆论压力她后来又同意了。
③The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect. 自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。
【点津】表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to。
188. decrease /dɪ'kriːs/ n. & v. (使)减少；(使)减小(近decline，反increase)
【拓展】
decrease by/to 减少了/到 (同decline by/to)
on the decrease 在减少/小(同on the decline)
【例句】We increase the quantity but decrease the quality. 我们的数量提高了，品质却降低了。
【串记】The sales decreased by 20 percent last month. They have been on the decrease to date. It is a sharp decrease. If it goes on like this, they will decrease to 3000 items a month. 上个月的销售额下降了20%。到目前为止，他们一直在减少。这个下降很快。如果这样继续下去，他们将减少到每月3000件。
189. deep /diːp/ 深的(反shallow)；深深的，低沉的；深色的；深奥的(反shallow)；ad. 在深处，深深地
【拓展】
take a deep breath 深吸一口气，深呼吸   
in a deep voice 用低沉的嗓音，声音低沉地
deep into the night一直到深夜
deepen vt. 使加深；使强烈；使低沉；vi. 变深; 变低沉
deeply ad. 深刻地; 浓浓地；低沉地
depth n. 深，深度/处
【例句】The researcher carried out an experiment deep into the night. 研究人员做实验一直到深夜。
【串记】The well has a depth of 5 meters. It is not deep enough. We’ll have to deepen the well if we
want more water. 这口井有5米深, 不够深。如果我们想要更多的水，就必须把井挖深。
190. defend /dɪ'fend/ vt. 防守/卫；保卫；为…辩护
【拓展】
(1)defend sb./sth.(from/against ...)保护某人/某物(免遭……)
defend oneself  自卫；为自己辩护
(2)defence n. 防卫，防守；辩护
in defence of 为了保卫；为……辩护
in sb.'s/sth.'s defence 为……辩护；在……的防备下
defender n. 防卫者，守卫者; 辩护者; 卫冕者
【例句】①They needed more troops to defend the border against possible attack.他们需要更多的部队来保卫边境免受可能的攻击。
②Some think that students should be trained to defend themselves against/from some attacks.有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭一些攻击。
③All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in defence of their own homes.所有的人，无论男女老少，都在与洪水作斗争，保卫自己的家园。
【串记】We must defend our country from attack outside.  We need to strengthen our national defence. 我们必须保卫我们的国家不受外来的攻击。我们需要加强国防。
191. degree /dɪ'griː/ n. 度，度数；程度(同extent)；学位
【拓展】
by degrees逐渐地，渐渐地
in a degree稍微
to a certain degree到某种程度
get/earn/receive a degree in 获得…的学位
【例句】①He received his degree in arts from that university. 他在那所大学得到他的文科学位。
②What you said is right to a certain degree．从某种程度上讲，你讲的是对的。
【串记】My cousin studied at 30 degrees Celsius. To some degree, he earned his degree in science like hell. 我堂兄在30摄氏度下学习。在某种程度上，他拼了命获得了理学学位。
192. delay /dɪ'leɪ/ v. & n. 拖延，延误/迟/期(同put off)；耽搁
【拓展】
delay doing sth. 延误做某事
without delay 立即，毫不延迟
【例句】We decided to delay our wedding until next year.我们决定把婚礼推迟到明年。
【串记】The defenders delayed starting out. They should have set out without delay. 防守队员推迟出发。他们本应该立即出发的。
【辨析】delay指因受阻或暂时耽误而延迟；postpone一般指改期，指出推迟到某一确定
时间；put off一般用词，常用于口语中。
193. delight /dɪ'laɪt/ v. (使)高兴；n. 快乐(同joy)；使人高兴的东西(或人)
【拓展】
(1) delight sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴
(2)delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的
be delighted at/with/by对……感到高兴
be delighted to do sth.  很高兴做某事
(3)delight n．& vt.     (使)高兴
to one's delight＝to the delight of sb.令某人高兴的是
take delight in 喜欢；嗜好
in/with delight 兴高采烈地
delightful 令人高兴/快乐的；可爱的
【例句】①I am very delighted to tell you something about the College Entrance Examination.我非常高兴地向你讲述关于我高考的事。
②To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.令我高兴的是，我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。
【串记】I was delighted to join you. All the people sang and chatted with delight. What a delightful party! 我很高兴加入你们。所有的人都高兴地唱歌和聊天。多么愉快的聚会啊!
194. deliver vt.递送；发表（演讲）；交付；解救；生（孩子）；接生
【拓展】
deliver from(把某人)从…中解救出来
deliver of 表达(自己的观点)
deliver a baby/speech 接生婴儿/发表演讲
deliverance n．解救，释放；投递；正式意见
deliverer n．救出者，解救者；交付者
delivery n. 交付；分娩；递送
【例句】①The postman at last delivered the letter we had been waiting for.邮递员总算把我们盼望已久的信送到了。
②He delivered a lecture to the students.他给学生们作了一次讲座。
【串记】Because of former delay, the deliveryman promised to deliver without delay and the delivery would be free of charge . 由于之前的延误，送货员承诺不延误送货，并且送货是免费的。
195. demand /dɪ'mɑːnd/ vt. & n. 要求；需要
【拓展】
(1)demand sth. of sb.      向某人要某物
demand (of sb.) to do sth.      要求(某人)做某事
demand that sb. (should) do sth.要求某人做某事(that从句中用虚拟语气)
(2)in demand  需求；广受欢迎
meet/satisfy one's demand(s)      满足某人的需求
(3)demanding adj.      苛求的；费力的 
【例句】①The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great demand in this city.《哈利·波特》系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大。
②The head teacher demanded that we(should) clean the blackboard before every class.班主任要求我们每节课前要擦干净黑板。
【点津】“要求某人做某事”不能用demand sb. to do sth.表达，“要求做某事”可用demand to do sth.。
【串记】 Doctors are in demand but being trained to be a doctor is demanding. It demands long and hard learning, training and practicing. So my tutor demanded I should stick to my studies. 医生供不应求，但被训练成一名医生是很苛刻的。它需要长期艰苦的学习、训练和实践。所以我的导师要求我坚持学习。
196. depend /dɪ'pend/ vi. 依靠/赖，指望；取决于
【拓展】
   依赖/指望某人做某事
depend on sb.for sth.指望/依赖某人得到某物
depend on/upon it that ... 相信/指望……
That depends./It all depends. 视情况而定。
dependent a.依赖/靠的；从属的 (反independent)
【例句】①I know we can depend on her to deal/dealing with the tough situation.我知道我们可以依赖她来应对这种棘手的形势。
②Don't worry. You can depend on/upon it that he'll turn up on time. He always keeps his promises.
别担心，你可以相信他会准时出现的，他总是信守诺言。
【点津】rely on, depend on/upon, see to 等词后用that 从句作宾语时，必须先用 it 作形式宾语。
【串记】Don’t depend on others. But it’s not absolute. That depends. Sometimes to a certain degree you can depend upon your parents and true friends on condition that you are independent. 不要依赖别人。但也不是绝对的。那得看情况。有时在一定程度上，你可以依靠你的父母和真正的朋友，条件是你是独立的。
197. depress /dɪ'pres/ 压/按；使沮丧/消沉；使萧条
【拓展】
depressing a. 让人压抑/郁闷的; 使人沮丧的
depressed a. 沮丧的; 萧条的; 压低的
depression n. 沮丧，消沉，抑郁；萧条
【例句】①Trade was depressed by the rise in oil prices．石油价格上涨使贸易不景气。
②He feels depressed．他闷闷不乐。
【串记】What really depresses me is not the depressing economic situation, but out depressed boss. I hope he can get out of the depression soon. 真正让我沮丧的不是低迷的经济形势，而是我们沮丧的老板。我希望他能尽快走出沮丧。
198. describe /dɪ'skraɪb/ vt. 描写/绘，叙述；说明
【拓展】
describe as 把…说成,把…称为
describe oneself as… 自称是……
describable a可描述的
describer n．叙述者，描写者
description n．说明，图解，描写
beyond description无法/难以形容
give(make)a description of记述，描述……的特征
【例句】The fireman was described as a true hero. 消防队员被描述为真正的英雄。
【串记】The writer describes the beauty as a flower. His description is vivid and interesting. But some say her beauty is beyond description. 作者把这位美女描述为一朵花。他的描述生动有趣。但有些人说她的美丽无法形容。在这次疫情中，医护人员被称为真正的英雄。
199. desert /'dezət/ n. 沙漠；/dɪ'zɜːt/ vt. 舍/遗/放弃(同abandon)
【拓展】
desert one's family 遗弃家庭 
desert one's post 弃职 
deserted a. 荒芜的；被抛/遗弃的
形近词：dessert a. (饭后)甜点
【例句】①Some of them died of thirst in the desert.他们中有些人在沙漠中渴死了。
②Never desert a friend in need.决不要抛弃有困难的朋友。
【串记】Some sick camels were deserted in the desert. Some others were abandoned in deserted farms. 一些病骆驼被遗弃在沙漠里。还有一些人被遗弃在废弃的农场里。
200. deserve /dɪ'zɜːv/ v. 应得/受；值得
【拓展】
(1)deserve to do值得做；应该做
deserve doing ＝ deserve to be done(某事)值得被做
(2 deserve well〔ill〕 of sb/sth. 应该受到某人〔某团体〕好的〔坏的〕待遇
【例句】①Maria is constantly making efforts; she deserves to achieve the goal of entering the key university.玛丽亚一直很努力，她应该实现进入重点大学的目标。
②It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/to be respected．正是那些甘愿奉献而不索取的人才应得到尊敬。
③The student has deserved ill of this school, and must be asked to leave.这个学生应受学校处罚,必须让他退学。M8
【点津】deserve doing是用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于deserve to be done。
【串记】The criminals deserve punishing and policemen deserve to be respected. 罪犯应该受到惩罚，警察应该受到尊重。
【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. Some scientist argue artificial intelligence will        (danger) human existence. 
2. I wonder who makes this         (decide) and how they come to their conclusion. 
3. We agree that this          (declare) shall be the basis of the contract between us and the company.
4. With the development of modern science, the system         (deep) our consideration of the problem. 
5. The courier(快递员) delayed        (deliver) my parcel. It was two days late.
6. Women shouldn’t depend upon men. Once you        (desert), you may feel depressed or hopeless.
7. While technology depends on us, we are increasingly           (depend) on it. 
8. An expert advised me to take part in more activities to relieve          (depress).
9. No one provided a correct and detailed         (describe) of the attacker.
10. We concentrate on this      (deliver) of working software because people can understand that. 
二、单句改错。
1. It took the poet a great number of time to create the collection of poems.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. In Spain itself, there is a fierce debate with the future of bullfighting. 
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3. With the costs on the increase, the farmers’ incomes saw a slight decrease to 5% compared to those of last year. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. If I want to defence China or explain something to bridge the gap, I have to do it in an acceptable way.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. At what degree they determine this, or whether you have complete control over giving away your personal information is my concern. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. Only if you have a degree of engineering or science. Can you arrive at this degree of understanding? 
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. This summer was a really delighted holiday and a meaningful experience.
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. The demanding doctor demanded his assistants stood close to him to watch him conduct the operation.
_______________________________________________________________________________
9.  Many dealers lost everything during the depression but some of them refused t to get depressing.
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10. Some customs in China, especially in some remote areas, are in danger of disappear? 
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三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. The population transition(转变) in European countries               (追溯到0 the 18th to19~(th) century.
2. Some farming methods will                      (对…造成损害)the environment. 
3. This application is              (受欢迎) because it is convenient and cheap.
4 The dealer earned                     (大量的) money by dealing in medicine.
5. Professor Smith has not               (选定) the courses for this term to date.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 对绿色食品的需求正在增加。 (demand for, on the increase)。
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2. 这个安排值得考虑。(deserve doing) 
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3. 这个律师被描述为危险人物。(describe…as) 
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4. 关于大学生该依赖父母到何种程度有一场激烈的辩论。(There is a heated debate over)
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5. 令我高兴的是, 我的货物及时送来了。(to one’s delight)
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【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. endanger  2. decision  3. declaration  4. deepens  5. delivering  6. are deserted  7. dependent  8. depression   9. description  10. delivery

二、单句改错。
1. number→deal/amount  2. with→over/on/about  3. to→by  4. defence→defend  5. At→To  6. of→in  7. delighted→delightful  8. stood→stand  9. depressing →depressed  10. disappear→disappearing
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. dates from  2. cause/do damage to  3. in demand  4. a great deal of   5. decided on  
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. The demand for green food is on the increase. 
2. This arrangement is worth considering.
3. The lawyer was described as dangerous/a danger.
4. There is a heated debate over to what degree college students should depend on their parents.
5. To my delight，my goods were delivered to my home in time.