插入语

插入语
插入语的运用使语言表达更加准确或更有说服力， 因为它总是结合语言进一步补充说明。它们在结构上与基本句不发生一致、支配、附加等关系。如果将插入语去掉，则基本句在结构上仍然是完整的。有的插入语却是句子不可缺少的一部分。从语义上看， 这一类插入语的作用仅仅在于表明说话人对句子内容所持的态度，或指出说话内容的来源、根据或评价。
插入语的类型：
（1）形容词短语    表明了说话人的情感或态度等。
worse still更糟糕的是;strange to say说起来也奇怪；needless to say 不用说；most important of all最为重要的是
（2）常用作插入语的副词（词组）   
表情感：indeed的确; actually 实际上; certainly 当然; especially 特别，尤其; surely无疑; obviously 显然; frankly 坦率地说; most importantly最重要的是; personally 就个人而言; perhaps或许; naturally自然; luckily for sb.算某人幸运; fortunately 幸好; strangely enough 真奇怪; sure enough (表本不出所料）果真,果然; surprisingly令人吃惊的是; undoubtedly毫无疑问; honestly 真的; briefly简单地说; hopefully如果顺利的话
表结构: however然而; nevertheless然而，不过; anyhow/ anyway无论如何; first(ly)首先; second(ly)其次; third(ly)第三; last(ly)最后; finally最后; furthermore 而且; besides而且; moreover 而且; consequently 结果; next接下来; otherwise 否则; or rather 更确切地说; though但是; therefore因此; thus结果; yet然而
(3)常用作插入语的介词短语
表情感: as a matter of fact 事实上; in fact/truth事实上; in my view/opinion 在我看来; in his opinion/judgment按照他的意见/判断; to their surprise/astonishment/ amazement使他们惊奇的是; to my joy/ delight/ satisfaction使我高兴/满意的是; to her regret/disappointment 使她遗憾/失望的是; to our knowledge据我们所知; to my mind照我的意见; of course当然
表结构: above all最重要的是; after all 毕竟; as a result 结果; for one thing, for another thing 一方面，另一方面; for example/instance 例如; by the way 顺便说一下; in a word (或 in sum,in short)简而言之; in other words换句话说; in a sense在某种意义上; in conclusion 总之; in general 一般说来; in that case如果那样的话; in any case 无论如何;in summary概括地说;in the first/ second/third place 首先/其次/第三; in addition此外;(in the whole总体而言; on average 平均来看;on the contrary恰恰相反;on the one hand ... on the other hand 一方面……,另一方面
(4)常用作插入语的分词短语
talking of 谈到; strictly/roughly/generally speaking严格/坦率/粗略/一般来说;  judging from/by ...根据……判断
（5）常用作插入语的不定式短语
表情感:to be exact/frank/sincere/fair确切/坦率/真诚/公正地说;to be sure无可否认;to cut/make a long story short 长话短说; to put it bluntly/mildly 坦率/往轻处说; to put it another way-换句话说; to make things/ matters worse使事情更糟糕的是;to tell the truth老实说
(6)插入语（单句或从句）   
表情感：I am afraid恐怕; I am sure我可以肯定地说; I believe/admit/hope/fear 我相信/承认/希望/恐怕; I remember我记得; I think/suppose/guess/discover/consider/imagine/expect/suggest我想/猜想/猜/发现/认为/想象/期望/建议; I dare 我敢说; I mean我的意思是; you know你知道; you see你明白
表结构：that is (to say)也就是说； what’s more 而且; what’s worse/better更糟/好的是; what is important/serious重要/严重的是; it is said据说; if you don’t mind如果你不介意的话; if you like如果你愿意; if you please如果你愿意; if necessary如果有必要的话; if any如果有的话; if so如果这样的话; if not不然的话; if convenient 如果方便的话; as it happens 恰好，碰巧
插入语的位置
一般位于句中,并用逗号隔开。有时也可位于句首或句尾，并偶尔不用逗号隔开。
Many people, I know, will lose heart [in the face of such difficulties].
我知道很多人在这样的困难面前会灰心的。
He can’t figure out what you mean, I’m sure. 我确信他没能理解你的意思。
例1 ________, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.
A.Strangely enough    B.Enough strangely    C.Strange enough    D.Enough strange
解析 句意: 奇怪的是，一些著名的科学家同时具有粗心和细心的品质。根据句意可知，空格处显然是插入语。作插入语时,一般使用副词，而不使用其同义的形容词。如常用的personally, generally, unfortunately等。另外,enough应放在所修饰的形容词和副词之后。
答案 A
例2 Needless ______ (say) , such a way of dealing with customers is unacceptable.
解析 句意: 不用说, 这样对待客户的方式实在让人难以接受。由句意表达可知“不用说”，应用插入语 needless to say,答案应为 to say。
答案to say