并列句

并列句

1、概述
由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句(compound sentence)。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立，互不依从，但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。
并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词或连接副词连接起来。常见的并列句结构是：简单句+并列连词/连接副词+简单句。这种简单句常被叫做分句。
2、并列连词
并列连词（或连接副词）根据不同含义，分为如下几类：
（1）表示连接，常用的有并列连词and，not only...but (also)，neither...nor，both...and，not...but...和连接副词besides, moreover, meanwhile等。
[Right now] it's the summer vacation and I'm helping my dad [on the farm].眼下正是暑假期间，我帮助爸爸在农场里干活。
I help him and he helps me. 我帮助他，他帮助我。
Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend. 他不仅是我们的老师，而且是我们的朋友。
Not only did he speak [more correctly]，but (also) he spoke [more easily].
他不仅说得更正确，而且说得更轻松。
She not only dances [well] but she also sings [well]. 她不但舞跳得好，歌唱得也很好。
Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him. 这调皮的男孩既不回家，他的父母也不寻找他。
I don't like it; besides, it's too expensive. 我不喜欢它，而且也太贵了。
（2）表示转折，常用的有并列连词but和连接副词yet、still、however、nevertheless等。
We grow rice [in the south of the States], but [in the north (where it is colder)] they grow wheat. 在美国的南方，我们种植稻谷，而在较冷的北方，人们种植小麦。
It’s a small car，yet it’s surprisingly spacious.这辆汽车小, 然而却出奇地宽敞。
The worker hunted for jobs [in New York] [for months], yet he couldn't find any work. 这个工人在纽约找工作己有几个月之久，但是仍然没有找到。
Certainly he apologized, and however, I won't forgive him. 他的确道歉了，然而我不会原谅他。
（3）表示选择，常用的有or、or else、otherwise（连接副词）、either...or等。
They must be taken away [from the heat of the fire], or they might get burnt. 他们必须从炉火边拿走，不然就有可能烤糊的。
Hurry up, or you'll be late. 快点，否则你就会迟到。
Take this bus or else you won't get [there] [in time].搭这辆公共汽车吧，否则你将无法及时到达那里。
Work hard, otherwise you'll be sorry. 努力用功，否则你会后悔。
Either you are mad or I am. 不是你疯了，就是我疯了。
Either you come to my house or I go to yours. 或者你到我家来, 或者我到你家去。
（4）表示原因，只有for一个词。
They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one , for [being blind], [how] could they? 他们常常听说过大象，但从来没看到过，因为他们是瞎子，怎么能看到呢？
He must have been caught [in the rain]，for he is wet [all over].
他一定淋雨了，因为他全身都湿了。
He didn’t attend the meeting, for he was ill. 他病了，没来开会。
（5）表示结果，常用的有并列连词so和连接副词therefore、thus。
It's time (of year) (for the rice harvest), so [every day] I work [from dawn until dark]. 这是一年中收割稻谷的时期，因此，我每天都从早到晚的劳动。
This is our first lesson, so I don't know all your names.
这是我们的第一堂课，因此我不知道大家的名字
He worked [day and night], therefore, he was able to buy the sports car. 他日夜工作，所以有能力买那辆跑车。
5．一些固定句式
(1)when可用于并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and this/that time。常用于下列句式：
·was/were about to /going to do sth when...正要做某事，这时突然……
·was/were on the point of doing sth when... 正要做某事，这时突然……
·was/were doing sth when... 正在做某事，这时突然……
·had (just) done sth when... 刚做了某事，这时突然……
He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow. 他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。
We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。
We had finished the sweeping when he entered the room. 我们刚打扫完他就来到教室🪨。
(2) while, whereas作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比
He likes pop music，while I am fond of classical music. 他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢古典音乐。
It often rains [in the south]，while it seldom rains [in the north].
在南方经常下雨，然而在北方很少下雨。
Instead, he asked his father why he was not able to hatch chickens while hens could. 他反问他父亲，为什么他不能孵出小鸡，而母鸡却能。
(3)“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。
Register [in WeChat]，and you will be able to get in touch with the friends (whom you haven’t seen for a long time). 在微信上注册后，你就能与很久没见面的朋友取得联系了。
温馨提示
①并列连词so不可与从属连词because同时使用。
I couldn’t find my pen, so I wrote [with a pencil].我找不到钢笔了，所以用铅笔写。
[误]Because I couldn’t find my pen, so I wrote with a pencil.
②for可作并列连词，表示原因。它后面的分句对前面内容起到补充说明的作用，其前常有逗号将前后两部分隔开。
It must have rained [last night], for the ground is wet.
昨天夜里肯定下过雨，因为地还是湿的。
③连接副词可分为两类，一类是用于连接句子，常见的有besides, moreover, meanwhile, however, yet, still, nevertheless, otherwise, therefore, thus等；另一类是用于引导从句或不定式，主要的有when, why, where, how 等。连接副词的性质类似于并列连词，使用时其前通常用分号或句号；若其前用逗号，则通常带有并列连词(如and)。注意，有的连接副词(如however等)后通常有逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。另外，有的这类副词还可位于句中或句末。如：
We all tried our best, and however, we lost the game.  
We all tried our best, and we, however, lost the game.
We all tried our best, and we lost the game, however.
We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.
We all tried our best; we, however, lost the game.
We all tried our best; we lost the game, however.
We all tried our best. However, we lost the game.
We all tried our best. We lost the game, however.
We all tried our best. We , however, lost the game.
我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。   
Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides.
Peter is our youngest child, and besides, we have three others.
Peter is our youngest child; besides, we have three others.
Peter is our youngest child; we have three others besides.
Peter is our youngest child. Besides, we have three others.
Peter is our youngest child. We have three others besides.
皮特是我们最小的孩子，我们另外还有三个孩子。  
例1 It was time for her to have a new baby， _____ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
解析 句意: 是她再要一个宝宝的时候了，也是小熊猫该独立的时候了。空格前后为并列关系，故用 and。
例2 One day, the cow was eating grass ________it began to rain heavily. 
解析 句意: 有一天，那只牛正在吃草，就在这时天开始下起大雨。此处是“be doing...when...”固定句式,when是并列连词，意为“这时”。
答案 when