名词性从句

名词性从句

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
从属连词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever
连接副词：when, whenever, where, wherever, how, why
考点一
主语从句
在复合句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。
That you don't like him is none of my business.      
Whether they would support us was a problem.     
What I want to know is this.                    
Where we can look up his address is still a problem.  
有时为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
常用于以下句式：
(1)It+be+形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain/wonderful/clear/obvious/strange/
normal等)+that从句
It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.   
(2)It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/a surprise/a fact/an honor/a wonder/no wonder/the case/good news等)
+that从句
It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
通常对于那些怀揣希望的人来说一切皆有可能。
(3)It+be+过去分词(said/told/heard/reported/decided/suggested/advised/ordered/remembered/thought/
considered/well-known/announced等)+that从句
It is suggested that the lab building (should) be built next year.   
(4)It+不及物动词(seems/appears/happens/matters/turns out/occurs to/makes no difference等)+that从句
              (seemed/appeared/happened/mattered/turned out/occurred to/made no difference)
It appears that they have made the same mistake.   
考点二
宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。
He doesn't know where the post office is.        
Did she say anything about how we should do the work?   
(1)动词后跟有多个that宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，第二个开始that不可省略
(2)it作形式宾语的宾语从句。
①这类动词有find、think、consider、believe、guess、suppose、make等。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
②hate、like、dislike、appreciate、enjoy等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to、depend on、rely on、count on等后面常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
自主探究  
①I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.
②He takes it for granted that they will support this idea.
③We must be kept it in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work.
(3)含虚拟语气的宾语从句
“一坚持二命令三建议四要求(insist, order/command, suggest/propose/advise, demand/require/request/ask)”等词后，宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词应为“should+动词原形”，should可以省。
She suggested that I (should) go to see the doctor first. 她要求我应该先去看医生。
考点三
表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.   
That is because he failed to pass the exam.      
My suggestion is that you go there on foot.   
[特别提醒]当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不用because。
The reason _______ we didn't go was ________ we were notified too late. (表语从句)
The reason _______ his being late is ______ the heavy snow prevented him. _____________
The reason _______ I resigned was that they never kept their promises. _____________
考点四
同位语从句
同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，解释说明该名词的具体内容。
常见的接同位语的名词：belief(信任)，possibility(可能性)，fact(事实)，idea(想法)，hope(希望)，doubt(怀疑)，news(新闻)，conclusion(结论)，suggestion(建议)，problem(问题)，question(问题)，order(命令)，answer(答案)，decision(决定)，discovery(发现)，explanation(解释)，information(信息)，knowledge(知识)，opinion(观点)，truth(事实)，promise(诺言)，report(报道)，thought(想法)，word(消息)，evidence(证据）等。
引导同位语从句的词有that, whether, what, how, when, where, why等。
He has made a promise to his boss that he'll return in three days as long as he can get to the destination in time.  
We’ll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.
Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom?
I’ll never forget the days when I lived there.
The question where we shall have a meeting hasn't been answered.  
He has solved the problem why the radio was out of order.
考点五
同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1.意义不同
同位语从句是名词从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释；定语从句是形容词从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，是用来修饰前面的名词或代词。
We heard the news that he had told her. （定语从句）
We heard the news that he had won the game. （同位语从句）
2.连接词用法不同
引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除了起引导从句的语法作用外，还要在从句中充当句子成分，主要作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略；引导同位语从句的that是连词，没有具体意义，在从句中不作任何成分，一般不省略。
A plane is a machine that can fly.（定语从句）
The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced.（同位语从句）
考点六
名词性从句中that与what的区别
连接词    在从句中充当的成分    省略情况
that    不作句子任何成分    引导宾语从句，有时可以省略
what    作主语、宾语、表语、定语    不能省略
考点探究that/what:
① I truly believe _______ beauty comes from within.   
② Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _________ you're afraid to do.  
③ He did not know ________ kind of department to choose.
④ _______ he did it alone surprised us.
⑤ _______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
⑥ The teacher got angry because of _______ the boy had done.
考点七
名词性从句中只用whether不用if的情况
1. 在主语从句（主语从句放于句首）、表语从句、介词之后的宾语从句及同位语从句中；
2. 后面直接跟动词不定式；
3. 与or not直接连用。
考点探究 if, whether
① ____________ the meeting will be held is still a problem.   
② He asked me ________ I wanted to go there by train or by bus.
③ I don’t know _______ or not he will come.
④ It depends on __________ it will be fine.
⑤ The question is ___________ we should go on with the work.
⑥ He asked _________ we wanted a drink.
考点八
“疑问词十-ever”与“no matter十疑问词”引导的从句的区别
1.“疑问词+-ever”可以引导名词性从句，并在从句中充当成分。
2.“疑问词+-ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。
3.“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. (名词性从句)一些人认为无论以前发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情都会在将来重复出现。
Whatever (=No matter what) you do, you must do it well. (让步状语从句)  无论你做什么，都必须做好。
Whoever breaks the rule should be punished.
Who has taken away the valuable vase in the museum remains to be seen.
Ⅰ.单句填空
1. ____ makes this shop different is ____ it offered more personal services.
2. Our school is no longer _____ it was 10 years ago, ____ it was not well equipped.
3. _____ we will have the sports meeting or not has not been decided yet.
4.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.
5. A modern city has been set up in _____ was a waste land ten years ago.
6. Word came ____ he will go abroad for further study.
7. There is much chance ______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants.
9. It has been proved _____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
10.           we shall finish the work before May Day is possible.
11. The reason for his being late for class is ____ he woke up too late this morning.
12. The question ____ was to blame has never been settled.
13. ______ interested me most was how the man escaped from Cuba and made his way to Miami.
14. I hate it _____ he talks with his mouth full of food.
15. The student completed this experiment to make come true _____ Professor Joseph had said.
16. Scientists have obtained more evidence ______ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
17. This is _____ my father has taught me---- to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
18. The gold medal will be awarded to ______ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
19. The manager put forward a suggestion _____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
20. Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
21. It’s difficult for her to imagine ______ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
22. The companies are working together to create _____ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.
23. From space, the earth looks blue. This is _____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
24. ____ remains to be seen ______ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
25. Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ____ his musical gift was fully recognized.
26. It was the culture, rather than the language, _____ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
27. He seemed to take it for granted _____ he should speak as a representative.
28. We owe ___ to you _____ we all passed the exam successfully.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.I had no idea what we should do it. I had no idea how we should do.
2. Some researchers believe that there is little doubt whether a cure for AIDS will be found.
3. Some believe that we are equipped with a special ability to learn language and our brain adjusts itself to the language we hear around us.
4. You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel where the coach picks up tourists.
5. That is known to us all is that the 2024 Olympic Games will take place in Paris.
6. The boy dived into the water and, after it seemed a long time, he came up again.
7. It suddenly occurred to him what he had left his keys in the office.
8. We are discussing the problem of if to accept the offer.

名词性从句答案

1. What, that    2. what, when    3. Whether  

4. where       5. what        6. that       7. that

8. whatever    9. that       10. That      11. that

12. who       13. What       14. when   

15. what       16. that        17. what    18. whoever

19. that       20. whoever    21. what    22. what

23. because    24. It, whether  25. that      26. that

27. that       28. it, that

单句改错

1. what-how; how-what

2. whether-that

3. and后加that

4. where-that

5. That -What

6. it-what

7. what-that

8. if-whether