状语从句

状语从句
(一)时间状语从句
when    从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生
while    从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as    从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”
when    从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生
while    从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as    从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”
1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句
When we handed him the bag of food，he lit up and thanked us with watery eyes.
While watching TV，children do not merely absorb words and images.
He hurried home，looking behind as he went.
他匆匆忙忙回家去，一边走一边回头望。
when可用于并列句，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：
①be about to do sth. when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”
②be on the point of doing sth. when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”
③be doing sth. when ...“正在做某事，这时突然……”
④had done sth. when ...“刚做了某事，这时突然……”
She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
2．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句
(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly，instantly引导的时间状语从句，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
Don't forget that I want my ladder back the moment you have finished with it.
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
那男孩一见到妈妈便大哭起来。
(2)在hardly/scarcely ...when ...，no sooner ...than ...结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时。
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。
若把no sooner / hardly  / scarcely 置于句首，其后的主句要部分倒装
Hardly /Scarcely had he heard the news when  he began to cry .
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
3．before与since的常用句式
连词    词义    常用句式
before    在……之前，还未……就……；……才……；趁……，还没来得及……    (1)It will (not) be＋一段时间＋before ...“(没有)过……(时间)才……”
(2)It was ( not )long before ...“过（没过）....就……”
since    自从……以来    It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...(从句用一般过去时)
There is only one more day to go before your favorite music group play live.
离你最喜欢的乐队现场表演仅有一天的时间了。
As is reported，it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.
正如所报道的，自清华大学建立以来已有一百多年了。
4．引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词
(1)till/until引导的时间状语从句
until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词，表示某动作一直延续到某时间为止；not ...until/till ...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词，表示某动作直到某时间才开始。until可用于句首，而till不能.
He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him.
We walked along the river until/till it was dark.
(2)every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句。
By the time I got to the station，the bus had already driven off。
By the time he returns home ,we will have finished the project.
Next time he comes here ,I will tell him.
注意：在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时或过去将来时，而要用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。
(二)让步状语从句
1．although，though和as引导的让步状语从句
（1）although，though一般可互换，都可以与yet ,still, nevertheless 连用，但是都不能与but 连用。
Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now.
虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。
（2）as引导的让步状语从句 意为  “尽管，” 必须倒装
Though 可以倒装或不倒装 although 不能倒装
Adj/adv/无冠词名词/动词原形+ as /though +主+谓语
Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
Pop star as/though  he is ,he still needs improve.
= Although he is a pop star, he ....
Try as /though he may ,he never succeeds
2．even if与even though引导的让步状语从句
even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。
Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise.
蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。
3．“疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句
wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋­ever表示“无论……”引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where (what，who，whom，when，which，how)。
However/No matter how great the difficulties are，we must complete the task in time.
不管困难有多大，我们都必须按时完成任务。
4．whether ...or .../whether ...or not引导的让步状语从句
Whether you believe it or not，it is true.
不管你相信与否，那都是真的。
( 三)结果状语从句
常用句型：
He is so young that he cannot go to school.
他太小了以致于不能上学。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.天气这么好，以致于我们都想出去散步。
(四)原因状语从句
1．because为常用词，其语气最重，且说明的是直接原因，用来回答why引导的问句。
I couldn't see Helen's expression，because her head was turned.
我看不到海伦的表情，因为她转过头去了。
2．as，since和now that语气较弱，常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。since译为“既然，鉴于”时不可用as替换。
Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees to sell the wood.鉴于这些药草和蔬菜需要时间来生长，他就开始砍树来卖木头。
As it's raining，you'd better take a taxi.
下雨了，你最好坐出租车。
Since everybody is here，let's begin.
既然大家都在，那我们就开始吧。
(五)条件状语从句
条件状语从句通常分为两大类：真实条件句和虚拟条件句。引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless/if ...not，as long as/so long as，as far as/so far as，provided/providing(that)，suppose/supposing that(如果） ,on condition that（在 ....条件下）等。
1．条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。如果条件状语从句中出现过去时，则为虚拟条件句，那么主句要用相应的虚拟语气形式。
If he had listened carefully，he would have done it better.
如果他认真听讲的话，他会做得更好些。
2．unless相当于if ...not，在虚拟条件句中可用if ...not，但不能用unless。
She says that she'll have to close the shop unless business improves.
她说如果生意不见什么起色的话她就将店关了。
If she were not too silly，she would understand it.
要不是她太笨的话，她就理解了。
(六)地点状语从句
地点状语从句多用where...的地方和wherever引导。
Where he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.他现在有决心要在自己曾经想要放弃的地方向前推进，坚持到底。
If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay where you are and wait for help.
(七)目的状语从句
目的状语从句常用的连词(短语)有so that(以便)，in order that(以便)，in case等。
1．so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句中常用情态动词can，could等。in order that引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，而so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。
Take action today so that/in order that you won't miss your opportunity next time.
今天就行动起来，这样下次机会来时你就不会错过了。
2．for  fear that...害怕，担心
The boy hid himself behind the tree for fear that his father might see him.
3．in case所引导的状语从句中，谓语可以用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”，也可以不用虚拟语气。
You may leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back.
你可以把钥匙留在家里，以免我们中有人想起要回来。
(八)方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由as(按照)，just as(正像)，as if＝as though (仿佛，好像；从句可用虚拟语气)等引导。
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
老人对待这个男孩就像是自己的儿子一样。
I.单句填空
1. The meaning of the word“nice” changed a few times     it finally came to include the sense“pleasant”.
2. I cannot understand why the issue has become so complicated     I learn more from the media.
3. Mrs. Black had such a wonderful time     she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
4. I was making my physics experiment    the bell rang for break.
5. Sinking in the cheers of people, David walked off the stage, tears dropping     he could stop them.
6. I have heard a lot of good things about you       I came back from abroad.
7. It’s much easier to make friends    you have similar interests.
8. –Did you receive the letter the next day?
-No. Somehow, it was three weeks      I received it.
9. He never thought that his success came    he least wanted it.
10. A man can fail many times, but he isn’t a failure    he begins to blame somebody else.
11. Your dreams can be achieved     you have a goal and go for it with perseverance.
12. She says that she’ll have to close the shop     business improves.
13. You can borrow my car     you promise not to drive too fast.
14.       the forest park is far way, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
15.       all of you are top students, only one will be chosen for the coming competition.
16. The users of this new mobile phone can type in e-mails or long texts easily    they happen to be.
17.      there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty.
18. The engineer buries himself in work all day long and has no time for some outdoor activities,
     he has the interest.
19.     small, the company has about 1,000buyers in over 30 countries.
20.Attractive     the device might seem,“My wife has already done that by herself” was a common response after people seeing it when it was introduced on show this week.
21.    Mark Zucherberg runs the world’s biggest social network-Facebook, he is a very private person.
22.Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi     the bus had dropped her.
23. I wish my house would be built     we can enjoy beautiful scenery with mountains and rivers.
24. I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early    I can have time for a cup of tea.
25. –Coach, can I continue with the training?
-Sorry, you can’t     you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.

状语从句答案

单句填空

1. before   2. before   3.when/while   4. when   5. before   

6. since    7. when    8. before       9. when   10. unless

11.only if /if /as long as    12. unless   13. if /as long as /on condition that       14.Even if / Even though / Though /Although

15. While / Though /Although   16. wherever /no matter where

17. While / Though /Although   18. even if / even though / though /although       19. Though /Although        20.as / though   

21. While / Though /Although     22. where     23. where

24. so that /in order that       25. because /as /for /since