虚拟语气
1.If 从句中的虚拟语气
从句（紧跟if后面的就是从句） 主句
与现在事实相反 did/were would/should/could/might +do
与过去事实相反 had done would/should/could/might +have done
与将来事实相反 ①did/were
②should do
③were to do would/should/could/might +do
If there were no music in the world, the world would be very dull.
If I had known that you were coming, I would have picked you up in the airport.
If the sun were to rise/rose/should rise in the west, I would lend you the money.
2.if only“要是...就好了” 引导的虚拟语气
①与现在事实相反，用 did/ were ②与过去事实相反，用had done ③与将来事实相反，用would do
3.wish 后接宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法
主句表达的愿望 宾语从句中谓语动词的形式
与现在事实相反的愿望 did/were
与过去事实相反的愿望 had done
与将来事实相反的愿望 would/could do
4.would rather“宁愿”后接宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法
①与现在事实相反，用 did/ were ②与过去事实相反，用had done ③与将来事实相反，用did/were
5.as if/ though“好像、似乎”引导的虚拟语气 (从句时态与主句没有关系)
①与现在事实相反，用 did/ were ②与过去事实相反，用had done ③与将来事实相反，用did/were
John pretends as if he didn’t know the thing at all.
He speaks English as if he had studied it in England before.
6.表示“建议、命令、要求、坚持做”等词用在名词性从句中，从句用“should +动词原形”的虚拟结构。
一．坚持 insist
二．命令 order/command
三．建议 suggest/propose/advise/recommend
四．要求 demand/request/require/desire
It is advised that one (should) take plenty of water.
He insisted that the conference (should) be put off until the next week.
The officer found it hard to carry out the order that all the villagers (should) be killed.
Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
温馨提示：当suggest作“暗示，表明”讲，insist表示“坚持说”讲，其后的从句不用虚拟语气。
He insisted that he was innocent./ I insist that you (should) be present.
His smile suggested that he was satisfied./ The doctor suggested that he (should) change his job.
7.固定句型中的虚拟语气
1.It is high time that sb did/should do sth
2.It is important/necessary/appropriate/essential that... should do （这里的should翻译是“应该”）
3.It is strange/surprising that ... should do （这里的should翻译是 “竟然”）
It is strange that tourists should(竟然) visit this place./ It was strange that he should have deserted his wife and children.
自主学习探究
1. If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.
2.If we had booked a table earlier, we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue.
3.Without electricity, the world would be dark.
4.But for your advice, I wouldn’t have made such great progress.
5.We lost our way in that small village; otherwise/or we would have visited most places of interest yesterday.
6.I couldn’t have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.
7.Had they known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.
8.Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.
9.Were I Tom, I would refuse.
主谓一致
考点1∶谓语动词用单数形式
1.可数名词单数、不可数名词作主语时。
① A girl is waiting for you, sir.
② The milk in the box was used up yesterday.
2.不定代词 either，neither， each，one， the other，another以及复合不定代词 anybody，anyone，anything. somebody，something， someone，nothing， everything，everyone，everybody，no one 等作主语时。（no/each/every/many a+单数名词+and+no/each/every/many a +单数名词作主语）
①Each of the girls here has been to the West Lake twice.
② There is something wrong with my bike. Can I use yours?
③Every boy and every girl is interested in the topic.
3.不定式、动词 ing形式、句子作主语时。
① Reading in the sun is harmful to your eyes. ② To talk with your parents is necessary.
③ What he said is right.
(由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数意义，但若表语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式 What I bought were three English books.)
4.表示时间、长度、价格、质量等的短语作主语时。Two days is enough to finish the task.
5."the number of+复数名词"作主语时。 The number of boys in our class is over 30.
6.由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现（不可分割的整体）时，谓语动语用单数。
①The singer and dancer gives us a wonderful performance. ②War and peace is a constant theme in history.
③Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
7.集体名词如 family，team，class，police，public 等用作主语，侧重指整体时。
His family is not very large.他家人口不多。
8.单复数同形的词意义上是单数的名词，means（方法），physics（物理），politics（政治）等用作主语时。
Every means has been tried.
9. many a/more than one ＋单数名词 More than one person is involved in this.
考点 2∶谓语动词用复数形式
1.可数名词复数作主语时。 Many books are on the shelf.
2.a number of （lots of， a lot of）+复数名词"作主语时。
A number of students are playing sports on the playground.
3.由 and 连接的并列名词词组作主语，指两个或更多个人或物时。
The singer and the dancer give us a wonderful performance.
4.集体名词如 family，team，class，police，public 等用作主语，侧重指集体中的各个成员时。
His family are all music lovers. 他家的人都喜欢音乐。
5."the+形容词"一般表示一类人，如 the old（老人），the young（年轻人），the rich（有钱人，富人），这类词作主语时。
The rich are not always happy.
考点3∶就近原则
1.there be 句型中如果主语是并列主语，谓语动词的数与最近的主语一致。
There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.
2.由 or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only…but（also), not...but....连接主语时。
①This is my twin sister,Lucy.Not only she but also I am good at drawing.
② Neither my father nor my mother likes rock music. They think that it's too noisy.
考点4∶ 就远/前原则
主语后接有 with，together with，along with, except, but，besides, rather than, as well as, like ,including等词或短语时，其谓语动词与主语的人称、数一致。
A woman with two children is walking along the street at the moment.
考点5：在定语从句中that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。
①He who laughs last laughs best.
②He is one of my friends who are working hard.
③He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
考点6：the rest/part(of)及分数，百分数作主语时，谓语动词的数根据所指代或修饰的名词或代词的数判断
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
专题练
1. As the summer vacation is approaching, it’s high time that parents_______________(pick) out some training courses for their children.
2. They requested that I (return)the books to the library by next Friday.
3. Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I (be) late yesterday.
4. It’s a pity you were late, otherwise you (see)the film star Rain from Korea.
5. The manager proposed that Tom (give) an opportunity to explain why he’d refused to go there.
6. I would have come sooner but I (know) that you were waiting.
7. He walked in as if he (buy) the school, and the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.
8. I would rather you (come) next month.
9. If only I (know) the news earlier.
10. Mom, I really wish I (get) the chance but I failed.
11. If he hadn’t hurt his legs in the last training, he (join) in the coming World Cup now.
12. I insisted he (go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing (be) wrong with him.
13. It was recommended that the play (put) on again.
14. He ordered that the work (finish) on time.
15. It is strange that such a thing (happen) in our school.
16. Had we taken such effective measures much earlier, the river would (pollute) so seriously now.
17. (be) I five years younger, I would take the job offer.
18. Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meet (postpone).
19. Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who to lead the group asked to be at the school gate before 6: 30 in the morning.（be）
20. — Why is the chemical plant closed?
— Because large quantities of waste water ______ into the Yangtze River.（release）
21. —Hey! Here is a message on my cell phone, telling me that I have won the first prize of a weekend for two in Paris.
—Delete it! It' s a trick. Many a person __________by such tricks.（cheat）
22. How many countries _______ the European Union made up of, do you know?（be）
23. According to the press，nothing but some fingerprints _______ （find）left in the broken-in store.
24. —________ two months enough for the project to be finished? （be）
—I am afraid not. The professor is ill and only after he recovers can he go on with it.
25. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.（be）
26. As a result of destroying the forest，a large quantity of the desert ________ the land.(cover)
27. Not only John and Tom but also their sister，Mary，______(take) great interest in the piano lessons.
28. One survey shows that large amounts of water________ wasted every year in China，and that one third is available to be saved.(be)
29. As we all know，“stay calm” ______ the first of the rules that ______ to be remembered in an emergency. (be)
30. How to survive without friends __ __(be) the most difficult challenge for Chuck while living on the island.
31. What the boy wants (be) a toy car.
32. As in known to us all, being cheated or hurt by making friends online (be) also fairly common.
33. Three fourths of the earth (be) covered by water.
34. Such poets as Shakespeare (be) widely read, of whose works, however, some are difficult to understand.
35. It is reported that many a new house (build) at present in the disaster area.
虚拟语气与主谓一致答案 1. picked/should pick 2. (should) return 3. would/could/might have been 4. would /could/might have seen 5. (should) be given 6. didn’t know 7. had bought 8. came 9. had known 10. had got 11. would join 12. (should) go;was 13. (should) be put 14. (should)be finished 15. should happen 16. wouldn’t be polluted 17. Were 18. would be postponed 19. are; is 20. have been released 21. has been cheated 22. is 23. has been found 24. Is 25. is 26. has covered 27. takes 28. are wasted 29. is;are 30. is/was 31. is 32. is 33. is covered 34. are 35. is being built
|
发表
英语知识