2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（十一）

一：词汇梳理

1.  novel① /ˈnɔvəl/  n.(长篇)小说

2.  novel② /ˈnɔvəl/  a.新颖的，新奇的

3.  omit /əuˈmɪt/  vt.①省略②遗漏,

4.  forth /fɔːθ/  ad.①向前②向外

5.  significant /sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt/  a.①重要的②相当数量的③意味深长的

6.  progressive /prəˈgresɪv/  a.①进步的②逐步发展的

7.  nursery /ˈnəːsəri/  n.①托儿所②苗圃

8.  finance /ˈfaɪnæns/  n.①财政②财务状况③资金 vt.为…提供资金

9.  defect /dɪˈfekt/  n.缺陷，缺点

10.  conscience /ˈkɔnʃəns/  n.良知，良心

11.  precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃən/  n.预防措施

12.  lower① /ˈləuə/  a.①较低的②下游的③下级的

13.  lower② /ˈləuə/  v.①(使)降下②减少

14.  estimate /ˈestɪmɪt/  vt.估计，估算 n.①估计②估价

15.  remark /rɪˈmɑːk/  v.评论 vi.评论 n.评语

16. underground /ˈʌndəgraund/  a.①地(面)下的②秘密的 ad.①在地下②秘密地

17.  ally /ˈælaɪ/  n.①同盟国②同盟者 v. (使)结盟

18.  surround /səˈraund/  vt.围绕，环绕

19.  proficiency /prəˈfɪʃənsi/  n.熟练，精通

20.  influence /ˈɪnfluəns/  n.影响(力)  vt.影响

21.  defy /dɪˈfaɪ/  vt.①(公然)反抗②挑战

22 . token /ˈtəukən/  n.①代金券②标志 a.象征性的

23.  counter① /ˈkauntə/  n.①柜台②计数器③筹码

24.  counter② /ˈkauntə/  vt.反对 ad.相反

25.  deliberate /dɪˈlɪbərɪt/  vi.仔细考虑 a.①慎重的②故意的

26.  prevail /prɪˈveɪl/  vi.①流行②取胜

27 . shrink /ʃrɪŋk/  vi.①收缩②退缩 vt.使起皱

28.  reform /rɪˈfɔːm/  vt./ n.改革，改良

29.  implement /ˈɪmplɪment/  vt.贯彻 n.工具，器具

30.  sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/  a.足够的，充分的

二：短语梳理

1  blow up 炸毁 充气

2  build up 逐渐增强 建立

3  burn up/down 烧毁  

burn…….to the ground烧成平地

4  burst into tears/laughter 突然大哭/大笑  

burst out crying/laughing

5  be buried in 埋头于

6  be busy with sth 忙于  

   be busy （in）doing sth忙于

7  feel cast down 感到 沮丧

8  calm down 冷静下来

9  take care of 照顾 Care for 喜欢 照顾  Care about 关心在乎

10  in case 以防万一（接从句））     in case of sth 以防…….

三：阅读训练

“You know,the soft subjects,” says the boy in maths,“the easy ones:the stupid girls at the bottom take them.Like dance.It shouldn’t even be a subject.” We’re choosing subjects for our A-level taster day at school.I see the raised eyebrows when I explain two of my GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) choices are dance and drama.

I was told by advisers that dance and drama wouldn’t help me to get a suitable career.My friends told me I’d get bored of dance and switch to science within the first month.

But taking GCSE dance was the best decision I ever made.Dance gives me something to pour my head and heart into.It gives me a feeling of belonging,creativity,security and freedom.

The education secretary Nicky Morgan has put emphasis on science,technology,engineering and maths (STEM),saying that students who focus on the arts risk their careers.Stopping young people from expressing themselves at such a young age is not doing them any favours.Perhaps Nicky Morgan has forgotten to open the door of having a drive to study that subject day in,day out.It shouldn’t matter what that subject is.

I don’t doubt the influence that STEM subjects can have on the people that love them.But to force children into one field is cruel.As much as I try,I’m not good at and don’t love physics,biology or maths.I don’t want a career in these areas.

There has been a decrease in the number of state schools offering arts subjects taught by specialist teachers.I can’t even imagine how it feels to be told that you don’t teach a “real subject” by an 8-year-old boy.

To the teachers,the parents,the government I sayet children make their own decisions.Let them live in the present.Let them have a real,unlimited education.

1.How does the boy in maths feel about dance?

A.Useless. B.Difficult.

C.Beautiful. D.Important.

2.After the author took GCSE dance,she 　　　.

A.lost interest in it

B.kept her mind on it

C.turned to other subjects

D.struggled with her lessons

3.What do we know about Nicky Morgan?

A.She encourages students to learn soft subjects.

B.She suggests students take a risk in their careers.

C.She underlines the importance of STEM subjects.

D.She allows students to express themselves freely.

4.What’s the present situation of arts subjects?

A.They attract much attention worldwide.

B.They are taught by non-professionals.

C.They are considered less important.

D.They have made great progress.

1.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“the easy ones:the stupid girls at the bottom take them.Like dance.It shouldn’t even be a subject”可知,学数学的男孩认为舞蹈没有用处。

2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Dance gives me something to pour my head and heart into”可知,作者选择了舞蹈之后就全身心投入其中。

3.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The education secretary Nicky Morgan has put emphasis on science,technology,engineering and maths (STEM)”可知,Nicky Morgan强调理工学科的重要性。

4.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“There has been a decrease in the number of state schools offering arts subjects taught by specialist teachers”可知,艺术学科没有得到重视。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（十二）

一：词汇梳理

1. congress /ˈkɔŋgres/  n.①代表大会②国会

2. broaden /ˈbrɔːdn/  v.①加宽②(使)扩大 vt.增长（知识或经验）

3. assign /əˈsaɪn/  vt.①分配，分派②指定

4. amid /əˈmɪd/  prep.①在…之中，在…中间②被…围绕

5. treaty /ˈtriːti/  n.条约，协定

6. scout /skaut/  vi.寻找 vt.侦察

7. fluid /ˈfluːɪd/  n.流体 a.流动的

8. deserve /dɪˈzəːv/  vt.应受(奖、罚)

9. appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/  vt.①赏识②体恤③感激 vi.增值

10. foresee /fɔːˈsiː/  vt.预见，预知

11. comprise /kəmˈpraɪz/  vt.①包含②构成

12. formation /fɔːˈmeɪʃən/  n.①构成，组成②形状

13. perceive /pəˈsiːv/  vt.①察觉②领悟

14. costume /ˈkɔstjum/  n.①服装②戏装

15. connection /kəˈnekʃən/  n.①连接②联系

16. valid /ˈvælɪd/  a.①有效的②合理的

17. rely /rɪˈlaɪ/  vi.①依靠②信赖

18. occurrence /əˈkʌrəns/  n.发生的事情，事件

19. lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/  n.闪电a.闪电般的，快速的

20. formulate /ˈfɔːmjʊleɪt/  vt.①制定,规划②确切表达

21. agenda /əˈdʒendə/  n.议事日程

22. format /ˈfɔːmæt /  n.①设计②安排 vt.使格式化

23. compact /kəmˈpækt/  a.①紧密的②小巧便携的 vt.使紧凑

24. nevertheless /ˌnevəðəˈles/  ad.仍然 conj.然而

25. proceed /prəˈsiːd/  vi.①行进②进行

26. campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/  n.①战役②活动 vi.①作战②参加竞选

27. detail /ˈdiːteɪl/  n.细节 vt.详述

28. exception /ɪkˈsepʃən/  n.除外，例外

29. audience /ˈɔːdiəns/  n.①听众②观赏者

30.portion /ˈpɔːʃən/  n.①部分②一客  vt.分配

二：短语梳理

1 carry out the plan实施执行计划   carry on 继续,坚持下去

2 catch sb doing sth 发现…在做  

be caught in a heavy rain被困大雨中

   Catch sight of 看见 at the sight of 一看见

3 the cause of the fire  导致火灾的原因

The reason for his absence 他缺席的理由

   Cause sb to do sth导致

4 sb be in charge of sth 某人管理某事  

Sth be in the charge of sb 某事被……管理

   Charge sb money for sth因……收费…  

5.free of charge 免费

charge sb with sth 因某事指控/控告某人

6  cheer （sb）up 使……高兴起来

7. get close to nature 接近自然

8 .by coincidence 巧合  by chance 偶然 意外的

9. combine A with B 把A与B结合

10.command sb.to do 命令  have a good command of sth. 掌握了 精通……

三：阅读训练

Have you ever caught yourself saying,“I hate small talk!” the minute you walk into a party? If so,you might be an introvert (内向的人).Introverts hate to chat about “small” subjects with people.They are fine when you talk one on one but seem to get lost in the crowd when there’s a group around.

If you’re talking to an introvert,you might find that your first few conversations go one of two ways.Either they’ll seem to get bored and not say much or they’ll seem to skate over small talk in favor of more in-depth topics.What you need to know is that the introvert is not being rude.It’s just that they don’t like small talk.Here’s why.

Small talk serves as a gateway toward deeper conversation.Some introverts don’t realize that small talk will actually help them get to the bigger topics.You don’t need to stay on small talk forever.However,sometimes introverts feel that even the short amount of time it takes to get into the real conversation is a waste of time.Small talk is very fast.Someone says something and this should be followed up with a quick response.But introverts like to chew on their words before saying them aloud.Before they answer,they’ll mull over different thoughts.

Small talk by its very nature invites more people to join in.The more people who join the conversation,the more the introvert will tend to step back.As a result,they’ll be quiet.Small talk is about throwing out subjects in the hope that one or more of them can be turned into a common point of interest.

The listening involved with small talk is not in-depth.The purpose is about listening “lightly” so you can figure out the right topics to spend some time on.Introverts tend to be great listeners,but they use active listening rather than light listening.This makes them wonderful friends,but can also make it difficult for new people to understand why they’re so quiet.

1.How do introverts respond to a chat?

A.They try to avoid it.

B.They get excited about it.

C.They give it their full attention.

D.They focus on unimportant topics.

2.What do we know about small talk?

A.It goes slowly.

B.It costs people a lot of time.

C.It contributes to deeper topics.

D.It provides much useful information.

3.What does the underlined phrase “mull over” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A.Give up. B.Think over.       C.Write down. D.Forget about.

4.How can we become a good talker in small conversations?

A.Figure out the deep meaning of questions.

B.Think twice before answering questions.

C.Try to find shared topics.

D.Be a quiet listener.

1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Either they’ll seem to get bored and not say much or they’ll seem to skate over small talk”可知,内向的人总想避开闲谈。skate over意为“回避,避免涉及”。

2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Small talk serves as a gateway toward deeper conversation”可知,闲谈有助于向深层次对话导入。

3.B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“introverts like to chew on their words before saying them aloud”可知,内向的人在回答对方问题前会细细思量不同的想法。

4.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Small talk is about throwing out subjects in the hope that one or more of them can be turned into a common point of interest”可知,想要成为好的闲谈者,我们需要找到共同话题。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（十三）

一：词汇梳理

1. trend /trend/  n.趋势，倾向

2. tendency /ˈtendənsi/  n.趋向，趋势

3. condense /kənˈdens/  v.(使)浓缩 vt.①压缩②浓缩

4. amaze /əˈmeɪz/  vt.使惊奇

5. liberal /ˈlɪbərəl/  a.①慷慨的②自由的

6. create /kriˈeɪt/  vt.①创造②引起

7. creature /ˈkriːtʃə/  n.①创造物②生物

8. decent /ˈdiːsənt/  a.①像样的②得体的

9. conclude /kənˈkluːd/  v.结束，终止 vt.①缔结②推断

10. puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/  vt.(使)迷惑

11. occasion /əˈkeɪʒən/  n.①场合②时机

12. invest /ɪnˈvest/  v.投资 vt.投入(时间、精力等)

13. crucial /ˈkruːʃəl/  a.至关重要的，决定性的

14. deny /dɪˈnaɪ/  vt.①否认②拒绝

15. fashion /ˈfæʃən/  n.①方式②流行式样(或货品)

16. generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/  vt.产生，创造

17. enable /ɪˈneɪbəl/  vt.①使能够②使成为可能

18. charter /ˈtʃɑːtə/  vt.包租(飞机、船等) a.租用的，包租的

19. electrical /ɪˈlektrɪkəl/  a.电的，与电有关的

20. collect /kəˈlekt/  vt.①收集②聚积累 ad./ a.(电话)由受话人付费(的)

21. imperial /ɪmˈpɪəriəl/  a.皇帝的，帝国的

22. orderly /ˈɔːdəli/  a.整齐的 n.勤务兵

23. relevant /ˈrelɪvənt/  a.有关的，切题的

24. evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/  vt.评估，评价

25. provision /prəˈvɪʒən/  n.①供应②条款

26. cite /saɪt/  vt.①引用②引证③传唤

27. quote /kwəut/  v.①引用 vt.①举例说明②报（价） n.引文

28. file /faɪl/  vt.把…归档vi.①排成纵队行进②提起（诉讼）

29. archive /ˈɑːkaɪv/  n.①(pl.)档案②档案管理处

30. bearing /ˈbeərɪŋ/  n.①举止②方位

二：短语训练

1.comment on sth. 评论……

2.have sth./nothing in common with 和……有/没有共同点

in common with sb/sth 和……一样

3 .come into being 形成 产生come to power 上台

come to life  活跃起来come to an end 结束

4.compare A  to B /with B 比较     

Compared to/with… 和……比较起来

5. concentrate on 集中精力于……

6 .be concerned about 关心……   as far as I’m concerned 就我而言

7. draw a conclusion 得出结论

8. on condition that 条件是 如果……

9.congratulate sb.on sth. 祝贺…congratulations to sb. on sth.

10.consider…(to be/as) 认为…….是     consider doing sth 考虑做……

take sth. into consideration 考虑到…..

三：阅读训练

   The year 3700, Earth is far too hot for any human to call it home. On this planet at least, man is nothing more than a memory—if there is anything left to remember the “wise man”. But what about our wisdom—will any of it survive us?

The conventional answer is no. Knowledge requires a knower, and there will be no knowing minds around then. But if information survives, perhaps in books or hard drives, maybe the knowledge isn't quite dead but dormant(休眠), ready to become alive with the help of other minds that develop over time or come to visit Earth in the distant future.

At first sight, that seems to be reasonable: after all, we have done similar things with past knowledge. For example, we saved an ancient computer from a ship destroyed at sea off the southern coast of Greece, and succeeded in finding the meaning of Egyptian hieroglyphics(象形文字). Careful work can bring previously lost wisdom back to life.

However, the key point is that there is certain cultural continuity with those ancient times that allows us to reason and make progress in the dark: we know we are dealing with the legacy(遗产)of other humans. Without that link, the survival of objects and raw data doesn't guarantee the survival of knowledge. And a lack of continuity in language with any future intelligence would be a barrier. Knowledge is closely connected with language. When a language dies out, we can lose systems of reasoning that they contain. If that's lost, then it can't be recovered.

All this means that other minds might not be able to fully make human knowledge alive when we are gone. It is better to concentrate on not dying out in the first place.

1.How many opinions are mentioned in Para. 2?

A.One.      B.Two.     C.Three.      D.Four.

2.What does the underlined phrase “similar things” in Para. 3 probably refer to?

A.Making lost wisdom alive again.

B.Rescuing disappearing knowledge.

C.Preserving future knowledge.

D.Gaining new knowledge.

3.How can we make knowledge survive?

A.We know a lot about human beings.

B.We learn ways to draw conclusions.

C.We have certain cultural continuity.

D.We protect the legacy of other humans.

4.What's mainly talked about in the text?

A.Can human beings live on?

B.Will our knowledge survive us?

C.What will the earth be like in the future?

D.How can we protect our culture?

答案

1.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的Knowledge requires a knower, and there will be no knowing minds around then. But if information survives,..., ready to become alive with the help of other minds that develop over time or come to visit Earth in the distant future.可知,在第二段中提出了两种观点:那个时候可能会没有能认知的大脑;或者在其他大脑的帮助下复活。故选B项。

2.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中第二、三句话:For example, we saved an ancient computer from a ship...and succeeded in finding the meaning of Egyptian hieroglyphics(象形文字). Careful work can bring previously lost wisdom back to life.可知,细心的工作可以让以前失去的智慧恢复过来。由此可知画线部分的意思是“让失去的智慧复活”,故选A项。

3.C　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句However, the key point is that there is certain cultural continuity with those ancient times that allows us to reason and make progress in the dark: we know we are dealing with the legacy(遗产)of other humans.可知,我们有一定的文化延续性能使知识幸存。故选C项。

4.B　主旨大意题。根据第一段The year 3700, Earth is far too hot for any human to call it home. On this planet at least, man is nothing more than a memory—if there is anything left to remember the “wise man”. But what about our wisdom—will any of it survive us?可知,本文讲述的是,人类灭亡后,知识还会存活吗?根据句意可知答案为B项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（十四）

一：词汇梳理

1. jungle /ˈdʒʌŋgəl/ n.①丛林地带②斗争激烈的地方

2. destructive /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/ a.破坏(性)的

3. peculiar /pɪˈkjuːliə/ a.①古怪的②特有的

4. particular /pəˈtɪkjʊlə/ a.①特定的② (过分)讲究的 n.详情

5. grant /grɑːnt/ n.拨款 vt.①同意②给予

6. ease /iːz/ n.①舒适②容易 v.减轻或消除(痛苦等)

7. conversely /kənˈvəːsli/ ad.相反地

8. assert /əˈsəːt/ vt.①断言②坚持

9. refer /rɪˈfəː/ vi.①参考②提到

10. reference /ˈrefərəns/ n.①提及②参考(书目)

11. conjunction /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/ n.连接

12. site /saɪt/ n.位置vt.使坐落在

13. locate /ləuˈkeɪt/ vt.①找出…的准确位置②使…坐落于

14. external /ɪkˈstəːnl/ a.外部的，外面的

15. interior /ɪnˈtɪəriə/ a.内部的 n.①内部②内地

16. exterior /ɪkˈstɪəriə/ a.外部的 n.外部

17. classify /ˈklæsɪfaɪ/ vt.把…分类，分等(级)

18. source /sɔːs/ n.①源(泉)②来源 vt.①从…获得②找到…的来源

19. resource /rɪˈzɔːs/ n.①资源②资料

20. oppose /əˈpəuz/ vt.反对，反抗

21. opposition /ˌɔpəˈzɪʃən/ n.①反对②相反

22. definite /ˈdefɪnɪt/ a.①明确的②肯定的③确切的

23. dental /ˈdentl/ a.牙齿的，牙科的

24. neutral /ˈnjuːtrəl/ a.①中立的②中性的

25. disorder /dɪsˈɔːdə/ n.①杂乱②(身心、机能的)失调，疾病

26. faithful /ˈfeɪθfəl/ a.①忠诚的②可信任的

27. loyal /ˈlɔɪəl/ a.忠诚的，忠贞的

28. flee /fliː/ v.逃走

29. keen /kiːn/ a.①热心的②敏锐的

30. indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ vt.①表明②指示

二：短语梳理

1. consist of=be made up of 由……组成

2 .consult sb. about sth. 向……咨询

3. on the contrary 相反地

4 .be content with 对……满意

5 .contribute to促成 导致

6.convince sb. to do sth.说服某人

convince sb.of sth. 使…相信……

   I’m convinced that…我相信

sth. is convincing 某事令人相信

7.around the corner 即将到来

8.count on 依靠=rely on=depend on

9. be covered with 覆盖着 cover up sth 掩盖

10 .to one’s credit 某人值得赞扬

二：阅读训练

Theaters of the Past

The Greek Theater

Theaters developed in many parts of Greece. Ancient Greek theaters were built in natural open air sites on conveniently shaped hills. This allowed a great mass of people to enjoy a show at a time. Due to this, actors placed emphasis on exaggerated(夸张的) action and speech. And, colorful symbolic masks and costumes were used.

The Medieval Theater

The Medieval Theater started in churches. That's why medieval plays were about Bible stories. At first, it became a custom for priests (牧师) to act out brief scenes during Christmas and Easter. These acts attracted large crowds. Finally the church refused to allow priests to participate in any such events again, so ordinary people began these performances outside. Performances were set in the town square, with several stage settings around it.

The Elizabethan Theater

The England's theater developed rapidly in the years following the defeat of the Spanish Navy. The dominant feature of the Elizabethan Theater was the stage. It has three parts: The fore stage for outside scenes;the inner stage for scenes inside a building; an upper stage or balcony for various purposes. The reason for this design is that there were no scene changes, or breaks during the play. Very little scenery was used, so the actors had to create a scene through their voices and dialogues. This led to a more poetic script, and poets became the main source of script writing.

The Restoration Theater

Some of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays were really funny. Many specialized machines were used to create the scene. The stage was a very clever idea—on the sides of the stage large back shutters(百叶窗) were painted with the scene.

1.Why were ancient Greek theaters built on hills?

A.To hold a large audience.

B.To build a big and strong stage.

C.To have a better sound effect.

D.To emphasize exaggerated performances.

2.In which theater could actors' voices and speeches help create scenes?

A.The Greek Theater.

B.The Medieval Theater.

C.The Elizabethan Theater.

D.The Restoration Theater.

3.What is special about the Restoration Theater?

A.Colorful masks were used.

B.The stage was smartly designed.

C.Most of its plays were sorrowful.

D.Ordinary people were the performers.

答案

1.A　细节理解题。根据The Greek Theater中Ancient Greek theaters were built in natural open air sites on conveniently shaped hills. This allowed a great mass of people to enjoy a show at a time.可知,古希腊剧院建在山上,是为了一次性容纳大量的人们来观看。由此可知答案为A项。

2.C　细节理解题。根据the Elizabethan Theater中Very little scenery was used, so the actors had to create a scene through their voices and dialogues.可知,在the Elizabethan Theater, 演员的声音和台词能帮助创造场景。故选C。

3.B　推理判断题。根据The Restoration Theater中The stage was a very clever idea, in which on the sides of the stage large back shutters(百叶窗) were painted with the scene.(舞台设计是一个很聪明的想法,因为在舞台的侧面大型的百叶窗被涂成了舞台的情景。)可知,the Restoration Theater舞台设计巧妙。故选B。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（十五）

一：词汇梳理

1. require /rɪˈkwaɪə/ vt.①需要②要求

2. clarify /ˈklærɪfaɪ/ vt.澄清，阐明

3. harden /ˈhɑːdn/ v.①(使)变硬②（使）变得更坚定

4. avenue /ˈævɪnjuː/ n.①林荫道②途径

5. determine /dɪˈtəːmɪn/ vt.①决心②确定③查明

6. coordinate /kəuˈɔːdɪneɪt/ a.①同等的②坐标的 v.协调，调节

7. insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ vi.①坚称②坚持主张

8. owing /ˈəuɪŋ/ a.欠着的，未付的

9. vision /ˈvɪʒən/ n.①视力②想象(力)

10. visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ a.视觉的，视力的

11. ward /wɔːd/ n.①病房②选区 v.防止

12. unite /juːˈnaɪt/ v.(使)联合，(使)团结

13. grace /greɪs/ n.①优美②恩惠

14. cripple /ˈkrɪpəl/ n.跛子 vt.①使跛②严重削弱

15. attain /əˈteɪn/ vt.达到，获得

16. enormous /ɪˈnɔːməs/ a.庞大的，巨大的

17. tremendous /trɪˈmendəs/ a.①巨大的②极好的

18. accomplish /əˈkʌmplɪʃ/ vt.完成(任务)，达到(目的)

19. existence /ɪgˈzɪstəns/ n.①存在②生存

20. cue /kjuː/ n.①提示②榜样

21. logic /ˈlɔdʒɪk/ n.逻辑(学)

22. cooperate /kəuˈɔpəreɪt/ vi.合作，协作

23. handful /ˈhændful/ n.①一把②少数人（或物）

24. handy /ˈhændi/ a.①手边的②方便的③手巧的

25. dawn /dɔːn/ n.黎明 vi.①破晓②开始

26. adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ vt.调节 v.（使）适应

27. strengthen /ˈstreŋθən/ v.(使)加强 vt.增强…的实力

28. reinforce /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːs/ vt.加强，强化

29. alarm /əˈlɑːm/ n.①惊恐②警报 vt.使惊恐

30. elect /ɪˈlekt/ v.①选举②选择

二：短语梳理

1 .sth crowd in 涌上心头 涌入脑海 be crowded with 挤满了

2.cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人的……病   a cure for… ……疾病的治疗方法

Rob/accuse/remind/suspect/convince/cure/inform/ free sb of sth

3. be curious about… 对…… 好奇out of curiosity 出于好奇

4 .do damage to… 对……破坏 损坏

5. in/out of danger 处于/摆脱危险

6. at down 在黎明

7.deal with 处理(与how连用) 应付 与…打交道  

do with 处理（与what连用）

do without 没有……也行   a great deal of +n.(u.) 许多 大量的

8. be sentenced to death 被判死刑

9. delay doing sth. 延迟做……

10. to one’s delight 令某人开心的是

三：阅读训练

Semi-retired advertising agency owner Stephen Thomas, 58, has been investing on and off for the past 30 years. He made money in the dotcom boom but got his fingers burnt when the bubble burst in March 2000. When he got access to his pension he decided to start investing again, this time with the help of his son Sam.

Now the two meet up most afternoons at Stephen's home in Sandbach, Cheshire to talk about investments. The day starts at 7 am when Sam looks at company announcements online. These regulatory announcements can include a firm's accounts, general updates or news of mergers(合并) or acquisitions(收购). Sam flags up companies that he thinks look interesting to his dad who then does some more research.

Each has an ISA (Individual Savings Account) with AJ Bell, which they use to buy individual stocks and shares. It is a risky way to invest but the two like doing their own research on companies and Stephen makes an effort to go to investor presentations(报告) and try to meet the CEO and directors of the firms they invest in and to speak to other investors in the companies.

They have invested in oil companies and pet care businesses, to name just a few. But while the investments of the two men are similar, they do have different approaches. While Sam likes to hold shares for the long term as he is saving money for his future retirement, Stephen likes to buy with any profits he makes.

Sam says, “We do not argue because we have separate ISAs. It means finally we make our own decisions about which shares to invest in. The only time we might have a disagreement is when we both want to use the login for the news service at the same time.”

1.What happened to Stephen in 2000?

A.He had to retire from the agency.

B.He gave away all his pensions.

C.He got injured in an accident.

D.He suffered a loss in his investment.

2.What do the underlined words “flags up”in Paragraph 2 mean?　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　

A.Marks.           B.Abandons.

C.Takes over.           D.Sets up.

3.How does Stephen usually conduct his own research?

A.By meeting clients and other investors.

B.By predicting the trend of the market.

C.By analyzing some research data.

D.By doing ongoing interviews online.

4.In what aspect do Sam and his father share in investment?

A.The way to deal with the return.

B.The percentage of the shares they hold.

C.The enthusiasm for the investment.

D.The approach to stock market research.

答案

1.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中He made money in the dotcom boom but got his fingers burnt when the bubble burst in March 2000.(他在互联网繁荣时期赚了钱,但是当2000年3月互联网泡沫破灭时他吃尽了苦头)可知这个时候他亏了钱,在2000年他的投资蒙受了损失。故选D项。

2.A　词义猜测题。根据第二段中These regulatory announcements can include a firm's accounts, general updates or news of mergers(合并) or acquisitions(收购).这些监管公告可以包括公司的账目、一般的更新或合并或收购的消息。再根据第二段最后一句Sam flags up companies that he thinks look interesting to his dad who then does some more research. 萨姆把那些他认为对他父亲很有趣的公司标记出来,然后再做一些研究。由此可知,画线部分的意思是“做标记”,故选A项。

3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中...Stephen makes an effort to go to investor presentations(报告) and try to meet the CEO and directors of the firms they invest in and to speak to other investors in the companies.可知Stephen通过会见客户和其他投资者来进行自己的研究。故选A项。

4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中We do not argue because we have separate ISAs. It means finally we make our own decisions about which shares to invest in.(我们互不争论,因为我们有着自己的ISA,这就意味着最后我们就投资哪个股票自己做决定)可知,萨姆和他的父亲在投资方面的共同之处就是对投资的热情。故选C项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（十六）

一：词汇梳理

1.grip /grɪp/ vt./ n.握紧，抓牢

2.channel /ˈtʃænl/ n.①海峡②途径

3.enterprise /ˈentəpraɪz/ n.①进取心②事业③企业

4.attraction /əˈtrækʃən/ n.①吸引力②有吸引力的事物

5.outcome /ˈautkʌm/ n.结果，成果

6.conscious /ˈkɔnʃəs/ a.①有意识的②注意到的③关注的

7.insane /ɪnˈseɪn/ a.精神失常的

8.client /ˈklaɪənt/ n.①(诉讼)委托人②客户

9.favo(u)rable /ˈfeɪvərəbəl/ a.①赞许的②有利的③优惠的

10. await /əˈweɪt/ vt.①等候②将降临于

11. multiple /ˈmʌltɪpəl/ a.多样的 n.倍数

12. multiply /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/ v.①增加②乘 vi.繁殖

13. adequate /ˈædɪkwɪt/ a.①充分的②恰当的

14. charm /tʃɑːm/ vt.吸引n.①魅力②符咒

15. norm /nɔːm/ n.①标准②社会准则

16. dictate /dɪkˈteɪt/ v.①口授②命令 vt.影响

17. given /ˈgɪvən/ a.①规定的②有癖好的 prep.考虑到

18. historic /hɪˈstɔrɪk/ a.①有历史意义的②有史以来的

19. historical /hɪˈstɔrɪkəl/ a.①历史(上)的②史学的

20. addition /əˈdɪʃən/ n.①(增)加②附加(物)

21. privilege /ˈprɪvɪlɪdʒ/ n.①特权②荣幸

22. headquarters /ˈhedˌkwɔːtəz/ n.①司令部②总部

23. infinite /ˈɪnfɪnɪt/ a.①无限的②(数量或程度上)极大的

24. penetrate /ˈpenɪtreɪt/ v.渗入 vt.看穿

25. pierce /pɪəs/ vt.①刺入②穿孔(于)

26. contact /ˈkɔntækt/ n.①接触②熟人③社会关系 vt.与…取得联系

27. frank /fræŋk/ a.坦白的，直率的

28. tasty /ˈteɪsti/ a.美味的，可口的

29. advisable /ədˈvaɪzəbəl/ a.可取的，明智的

30. delegate /ˈdelɪgɪt/ n.代表 vt.①选举(或委派)…为代表②授(权)

二：短语梳理

1. depend on 依靠

2. in debt 负债

3 .be decorated with 装饰着

4. deep into the night 深夜

5 .defend sb. against sth.保卫……免于  

in defence of … 以保卫……

6 .date from/date back to… 始于 追溯到……(无被动，现在时)

7. decide on sth. 对……作决定

8. be determined to do sth.决心做(状态)  determine to do 决定做（动作）

9 .with the development of…随着……发展

10. devote oneself to sth. 献身 投身于…= be devoted to…

devote one’s time/energy/money/effort…to sth. 把时间，金钱，精力，努力投入到

三：阅读训练

n today's society, language plays a key role in defining gender (性别) by vocabulary, and also their non-verbal vocabulary. Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is obviously different between men and women.

Many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women. It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men;this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely and quickly than men. In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting, as opposed to the thirteen-minute average it took men to describe it.

Men and women also tend to have a very different non-verbal way of communicating, which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite sex is trying to say. Men's body language is much more reserved when talking to women. Men tend not to make as much eye contact and they generally stay farther away from women when talking to them. Men avoid other people's body space while talking, and they also tend to sit back when talking. All of these have given off the impression of disinterest or boredom. Women are by far better listeners and much more enjoyable to talk with and they tend to raise more topics for conversation.

Women also make it clearer whether or not the conversation is going somewhere or just stuck in neutral(中立). After learning about our styles of communicating with each other, I have decided that although men have not quite mastered communicating, what fun would it be if we all spoke the same “language”? The little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost. The question everyone asks himself or herself after talking with someone of the opposite sex, “I wonder if there's something there?” would no longer exist.

1.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A.The differences between men's and women's languages.

B.The different speed of men's and women's speech.

C.The ability of men's and women's spoken language.

D.The non-verbal vocabulary of men and women.

2.In what way do men and women differ according to the third paragraph?

A.Speed of understanding.

B.Understanding of speech roles.

C.Politeness of communication.

D.Application of body language.

3.What is the author's attitude to the differences between men's and women's communication?

A.Cautious.              B.Favorable.

C.Ambiguous. D.Skeptical.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.Women, born excellent talkers

B.Men's and women's social roles

C.Vocabulary and communication

D.Opposite gender, different languages

答案

1.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men(事实证明,女性说话速度比男性快);再根据第二段下文this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely and quickly than men. (这是由于女性比男性更容易被打断,而且她们比男性能更清楚、更准确、更迅速地说话。)由此推知,此处this指的是男人和女人说话的速度不同。故选B项。

2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Men and women also tend to have a very different non-verbal way of communicating...(男人和女人也有一种非常不同的非语言交流方式)以及下文提到的Men's body language is much more reserved when talking to women.可知选D项。

3.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中...what fun would it be if we all spoke the same “language”? The little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost. (如果我们都说一样的语言,那还有什么乐趣呢?男性和女性交谈时互玩的小游戏就会失去了)可知,作者对男女之间的沟通差异是赞同的。故选B项。cautious 小心谨慎的;ambiguous 模糊不清的;skeptical 怀疑的。

4.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的In today's society, language plays a key role in defining gender (性别) by vocabulary, and also their non-verbal vocabulary.主要讲述了男性和女性之间交谈语言和方式的差异,并列举了两性之间的几个不同之处。由此推断出本文的主题应该是:不同的性别,不同的语言。故选D项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（十七）

一：词汇梳理

1. myth /mɪθ/ n.①神话②错误的观念

2. fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/ n.①小说②虚构(的事)

3. engage /ɪnˈgeɪdʒ/ vi.参加 vt.①雇用②占用(时间等)

4. engagement /ɪnˈgeɪdʒmənt/ n.①约会②订婚

5. cement /sɪˈment/ n.①水泥②胶合剂 vt.①胶合②巩固

6. mo(u)ld /məuld/ n.模子，铸型 vt.浇铸，塑造，使…成形

7. cargo /ˈkɑːgəu/ n.(船或飞机装载的)货物(量)

8. glow /gləu/ n.光辉 vi.①发光②发红

9. preface /ˈprefɪs/ n.序言 vt.作为…的开端

10. define /dɪˈfaɪn/ vt.①限定，规定②给…下定义

11. glorious /ˈglɔːriəs/ a.①壮丽的，辉煌的②光荣的

12. potential /pəˈtenʃəl/ a.潜在的 n.①潜力,潜能②可能性

13. diplomat /ˈdɪpləmæt/ n.①外交家，外交官②有手腕的人

14. fulfil(l) /fulˈfɪl/ vt.①履行②满足

15. industrial /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ a.①工业的，产业的②工业发达的

16. industrialize /ɪnˈdʌstriəlaɪz/ v.(使)工业化

17. suppose /səˈpəuz/ vt.①猜想②以为③假定，假设④期望，认为应该

18. depict /dɪˈpɪkt/ vt.①描绘②描写，描述

19. outlet /ˈautlet/ n.①(液体、气体的)出口②(感情等的)发泄方法

20. deduct /dɪˈdʌkt/ vt.(from)扣除，减去

21. fatal /ˈfeɪtl/ a.①致命的②灾难性的，毁灭性的

22. entitle /ɪnˈtaɪtl/ vt.①给…取名②给予权利(或资格)

23. sponsor /ˈspɔnsə/ n.①发起人②赞助商 vt.①发起②资助

24. commence /kəˈmens/ v.开始，着手

25. intact /ɪnˈtækt/ a.完好无损的

26. bet /bet/ n.①赌，赌注②预计 v.赌，打赌

27. fertile /ˈfəːtaɪl/ a.①肥沃的②能繁殖的，能生育的

28. convince /kənˈvɪns/ vt.使确信，使信服

29. feature /ˈfiːtʃə/ n.①特写或专题节目②特征 v.以…为特色

30. trait /treɪt/ n.特征,特点,特性

二：短语梳理

1.by design 故意地=on purpose

2.die out 灭绝

die of /from 死于(内因)/（外因）

die off 一一死去

3.on a diet 节食

4.be different from与……不同   

differ from不同于…...

   make a /no difference to… 对...有/没有不同（影响）

   tell the difference between A and B 区分与A与B =tell A from B   

5. have difficulty/trouble with sth/（in） doing sth.做…有困难

6 .dive into 迅速把手伸入 一心投入

7 .dig up/out 挖出

8. have dinner 吃晚饭

9 .in this direction 朝这个方向in all directions 朝四面八方

10. within walking distance of my house 离我家一步之遥

三：阅读训练

We've all been there:in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.

What's the problem?It's possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.

Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂)for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,”he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”

In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动)with its waiter;the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,”says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral(边缘的)members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”

Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners,”he says. 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　

1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?

A.Addiction to smartphones.

B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.

C.Absence of communication between strangers.

D.Impatience with slow service.

2.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?

A.Showing good manners.

B.Relating to other people.

C.Focusing on a topic.

D.Making business deals.

3.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?

A.It improves family relationships.

B.It raises people's confidence.

C.It matters as much as a formal talk.

D.It makes people feel good.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.Conversation Counts

B.Ways of Making Small Talk

C.Benefits of Small Talk

D.Uncomfortable Silence

答案

1.C　细节理解题。题干句意:第一段描述的是什么现象?根据第一段描述(无论我们身在何处,在电梯里、在银行排队或者在飞机上,我们周围的人或是像我们一样在埋头看智能手机,或是更坏,在和令人不安的沉默做斗争)可知,C项“陌生人之间缺乏交流”和首段描述一致,故答案为C项。A项“手机控”只是该段描述现象时举的例子;B项“公共场合的不恰当行为”与首段意思不符;D项“对缓慢的服务缺乏耐心”和第一段的描述无关。

2.B　细节理解题。题干句意:根据Carducci的说法,对于成功的闲聊来说什么是重要的?根据第三段最后一句(成功的闲聊的关键是学会如何同他人建立联系而不仅仅是同他们交流)可知,B项“能够理解并认同他人”符合题意,故答案为B项。本题干扰项为A“显示良好的行为举止”,错因在于锁定的句子“最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础)”和题干要求不一致,答非所问;D项“做生意”受第三段第三句(几乎每一个伟大的爱情故事和每一单大的生意都源于闲聊)的影响,犯了逻辑推理错误;C项“聚焦一个话题”在文中没有涉及。

3.D　推理判断题。题干句意:关于闲聊,咖啡店调研表明了什么?根据第四段中的内容(结果表明那些同服务生闲聊的人明显有更高的积极情感和较好的咖啡店体验。不是同服务生交谈比和你的丈夫交谈更好,而是同社交网络的边缘人员的互动也对我们的健康和幸福很重要)可知,D项“它使得人们感觉良好”与题意相符,故答案为D项。A项“它改善家庭关系”、B项“它提升人们的自信” 和C项“它和正式交谈一样重要”在文章中没有涉及,属于主观臆断。

4.C　主旨大意题。题干句意:文章最好的标题是什么?根据第二段最后一句(专家说闲聊是一种可带来巨大益处的极有价值的社交行为)以及最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础)可知,C项“闲聊的益处”与题干要求一致,故答案为C项。A项“会话很重要”为干扰项,错在偷换概念,conversation(会话, 交谈)和small talk(闲谈)不是一个概念;文章没有就闲聊的方式或方法做具体的解释,故排除B项“进行闲聊的方式”;D项“令人不安的沉默”只是第一段提到的现象之一,而不是文章的主旨。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（十八）

一：词汇梳理

1. narrative /ˈnærətɪv/ n.①故事②叙述 a.叙述的

2. blur /bləː/ n.模糊之物 v.(使)模糊

3. frustrate /frʌˈstreɪt/ vt.①使沮丧②阻挠

4. elegant /ˈelɪgənt/ a.①优美的②（想法或计划）巧妙的

5. overhead /ˌəuvəˈhed/ a.①在头顶上的②经费的 n.经常性开支

6. prime /praɪm/ a.①首要的②最好的 n.全盛时期

7. primary /ˈpraɪməri/ a.①最初的②首要的

8. brief /briːf/ a.简短的v.简要汇报 n.简介

9. wit /wɪt/ n.①智力②说话风趣的人

10. brake  /breɪk/ n.①车闸②刹车 vi.刹车

11. mechanic /mɪˈkænɪk/ n.①技工②机械学

12. civil /ˈsɪvəl/ a.①公民的②文职的③文明的

13. criminal /ˈkrɪmɪnəl/ a.犯罪的 n.罪犯

14. sample /ˈsɑːmpəl/ n.样品 vt.①抽样试验②品尝

15. specimen /ˈspesɪmɪn/ n.标本，样本

16. refugee /ˌrefjuˈdʒiː/ n.流亡者，难民

17. legal /ˈliːgəl/ a.①法律的②合法的

18. acquire /əˈkwaɪə/ vt.①取得②学到

19. factor /ˈfæktə/ n.①因素②系数

20. guidance /ˈgaɪdəns/ n.指导，引导

21. undermine /ˌʌndəˈmaɪn/ vt.①侵蚀…的基础②暗中破坏

22. activity /ækˈtɪvɪti/ n.①活动②活力

23. genetic /dʒɪˈnetɪk/ a.遗传(学)的 n.遗传学

24. whatsoever /ˌwɔtsəuˈevə/ ad.任何

25. congratulate /kənˈgrætʃʊleɪt/ vt.祝贺，向…致贺词

26. resume① /rɪˈzjuːm/ v.(中断后)继续进行，重新开始

27. resume② /ˈrezjumeɪ/ n.①摘要②个人简历

28. chaos /ˈkeɪɔs/ n.混乱，紊乱

29. date /deɪt/ a.①新式的②包含最新信息的

30. exclaim /ɪkˈskleɪm/ v.呼喊，惊叫

二：短语梳理

1.divide…into 把……划分成……  

separate…from…   把 …… 与…….分离开

2 . I doubt if/whether… 我怀疑……  I don’t doubt that我相信……

There is no doubt that……毫无疑问……

3.dozens of… 许多……two dozen 两打

4. dry out (浸水之物)变干 干透   dry up (河水 井)干涸

5. dream of doing sth.梦想做……

6. draw a conclusion 得出结论

7．due to 由于 因为     sb.be due to do sth. 预定做……

8 .discuss sth. with sb. 和……讨论

9 .distinguish A from B 区分A与B

10. from door to door 挨家挨户

三：阅读训练

Pacific Science Center Guide

◆Visit Pacific Science Center's Store

Don't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于)upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.

◆Hungry?

Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body?Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.

◆Rental Information

Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.

◆Support Pacific Science Center

Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情)for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　

1.Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?

A.In Building 1.        B.In Building 3.

C.At the Laser Dome. D.At the Denny Way entrance.

2.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?

A.Train science teachers.

B.Distribute science books.

C.Inspire scientific research.

D.Take science to the classroom.

3.What is the purpose of the last part of the text?

A.To encourage donations.

B.To advertise coming events.

C.To introduce special exhibits.

D.To tell about the Center's history.

答案

1.B　事实细节题。根据第一段中的 “to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir”和 “The store is located upstairs in Building 3”可知,游客可以在三号楼买到纪念品。所以答案为B项。

2.D　事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中的 “and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms”可知,该科学中心会把科学教育带进教室,所以答案为D项。

3.A　推理判断题。根据短文最后的 “...we cannot achieve without generous support from...”和 “Visit...to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.”可知,文章最后一部分的目的是鼓励人们为该科学中心提供捐助。由此推断出答案为A项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（十九）

一：词汇梳理

1.  forum /ˈfɔːrəm/  n.论坛，讨论会

2.  wound /waund/  n.创伤  vt.使受伤,伤害

3.  affirmative /əˈfəːmətɪv/  a.肯定的 n.肯定

4.  unique /juːˈniːk/  a.①唯一的②极不寻常的

5.  episode /ˈepɪsəud/  n.①插曲②一集

6.  notify /ˈnəutɪfaɪ/  vt.通知，报告

7.  specialize /ˈspeʃəlaɪz/  vi.专门研究(或从事)，专攻

8.  speciality /ˌspeʃiˈælɪti/  n.①特产②专业

9.  dot /dɔt/  n.点 vt.加点于

10.  raw /rɔː/  a.①未煮过的②未加工过的③未经训练的

11.  desirable /dɪˈzaɪərəbəl/  a.(事物)值得向往的

12.  rail /reɪl/  n.①铁轨②围栏  vi.严厉责备

13.  cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/  a.小心的，谨慎的

14.  faculty /ˈfækəlti/  n.①才能②天赋

15.  submit /səbˈmɪt/  vt.①提交②建议  vi.服从

16.  headline /ˈhedlaɪn/  n.①标题②新闻提要

17.  prompt /prɔmpt/  vt.①促进②激起  a.迅速的

18.  asset /ˈæset/  n.①优点②财产

19.  welfare /ˈwelfeə/  n.①福利(救济) ②幸福

20.  circumstance /ˈsəːkəmstæns/  n.①情况②经济情形

21.  equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/  a. (价值、数量等)相同的  n.等同物

22.  precise /prɪˈsaɪs/  a.精确的，准确的

23.  accurate /ˈækjʊrət/  a.准确的，正确的

24.  holy/ˈhəuli/  a.①神的②神圣的

25.  attendance /əˈtendəns/  n.①参加②出席人数

26.  insult /ɪnˈsʌlt/  n.侮辱

27.  banquet /ˈbæŋkwɪt/  n.宴会 v.①宴请②参加宴会

28.  hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/  vi.①犹豫②不情愿

29.  specific /spɪˈsɪfɪk/  a.①特有的②具体的  n.详情

30. jury /ˈdʒuəri/  n.①陪审团②全体评审员

二：短语梳理

1.dress sb./oneself 给某人、自己穿衣服be dressed in 穿着 dress up 盛装打扮

2.draw one’s attention 吸引某人注意

3.drive sb.crazy /mad 让……发疯

4.drop in on sb./at a place 拜访某人、参观某地

5.get drunk 喝醉

6.on duty 值日

7.earn a/one’s living 谋生

8.be eager to do sth/  for sth. 渴望做……渴望得

9.have an effect on 对……有影响   affect  v

10.either…or 要么…….要么…… 或者……或者……

三：阅读训练

My favorite book, The Secret by Rhonda Byrne, talks about a formula called “SFF” which stands for “stopping finding faults”. I used to be a critical person and tried to find faults. I guess I somehow inherited this character from my father. Actually many good qualities of my father are worth admiring except this.

My father is the person who constantly looks for mistakes in other people and he thinks no one is perfect in the world. His character created a negative atmosphere in my family. I was the same as my father, so I often felt angry, disappointed, depressed, and lonely in school.

After I had read my favorite book I began to seek “good things” in other people. It has completely altered my life. Now I feel happier, I have more friends, I have more trust in people, and I realize everyone has their own strength! Another important lesson I got from this book is that I should always behave myself in a positive manner. Let's admit that we sometimes complain about our situation. That's not good. “Believe it or not, people don't like to listen to negative opinions.”

One more valuable lesson I got from the book is that I should be a good listener. When I was younger, I only wanted people to pay whole attention to my words so that I could show them how important I was. I was very proud and would show off my achievements in school without considering others' feeling. I had very few friends and most people considered me as an “arrogant” person. Now, I find it much easier to make friends after making some changes!

1.Why does the author like the book The Secret?

A.Because he's found the secret of success from it.

B.Because the book uncovers the secret of happiness.

C.Because he's learnt his father's character from it.

D.Because it helps him change his attitude towards life.

2.What do you know about the author's father?

A.He makes his son feel angry and disappointed.

B.He likes finding fault with people around him.

C.He seems a critical person but in fact easy-going.

D.He can create a negative atmosphere when necessary.

3.The underlined word “arrogant” probably means “　　　”.

A.self-important   B.admirable

C.troublesome   D.cold-blooded

4.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?

A.To persuade readers to be good listeners.

B.To share his painful changing experience.

C.To tell readers the influence of a book on him.

D.To show the result of his father's negative character.

答案

1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的After I had read my favorite book I began to seek “good things” in other people. It has completely altered my life. Now I feel happier, I have more friends, I have more trust in people, and I realize everyone has their own strength!可知作者读了这本书之后,对生活的态度发生了改变,所以D项正确。

2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的My father is the person who constantly looks for mistakes in other people and he thinks no one is perfect in the world.可知作者的父亲喜欢给别人挑毛病。

3.A　词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段中的When I was younger, I only wanted people to pay whole attention to my words so that I could show them how important I was. 以及I had very few friends and most people considered me as an “arrogant” person.可知作者以自我为中心,忽视别人的感受,所以别人认为他是个自大的、傲慢的人。

4.C　写作意图题。通读整篇文章可知,因为一本书,作者由原来的自以为是、爱挑毛病,变得积极、乐观、友好,所以文章主要介绍了这本书对自己的影响。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（二十）

一：词汇梳理

1. confess /kənˈfes/ v.①坦白②承认③忏悔

2. trunk /trʌŋk/ n.①躯干②树干

3. limb /lɪm/ n.①肢②大树枝

4. offend /əˈfend/ v.冒犯，得罪

5. offense /əˈfens/ n.①犯规②冒犯③进攻

6. defense /dɪˈfens/ n.①辩护②防御③(pl.)防御力量

7. offensive /əˈfensɪv/ a.①冒犯的②攻击的 n.进攻

8. conserve /kənˈsəːv/ vt.①保护②节约使用 n.蜜饯

9. preserve /prɪˈzəːv/ vt.①保护②保持③腌制

10. reserve /rɪˈzəːv/ vt.①保留②预订n.①储备(物)②保护区

11. reservoir /ˈrezəvwɑː/ n.①水库②储藏

12. character /ˈkærɪktə/ n.①特性②性格③(剧或书中的)人物

13. characteristic /ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪk/  a.特有的 n.特征，特性

14. characterize /ˈkærɪktəraɪz/  vt.①是…的特征②描述…的特性

15. personality /ˌpəːsəˈnælɪti/  n.①人格②名人

16. bark /bɑːk/ vt.大声嚷 n.吠声

17. absolute /ˈæbsəluːt/ a.①绝对的②完全的

18. compensate /ˈkɔmpənseɪt/  vt.补偿 vi.弥补

19. minor /ˈmaɪnə/ a.①较小的②较次要的 v.(in)辅修

20. plus /plʌs/ a.①加的②多的 n.①加号②优势

21. minus /ˈmaɪnəs/ a.负的，减的 n.①负号②缺点

22. flavo(u)r /ˈfleɪvə/ n.①味②风味 vt.给…调味

23. rigid /ˈrɪdʒɪd/ a.①死板的②固执的

24. lease /liːs/ n.租赁 vt.出租

25. periodical /ˌpɪəriˈɔdɪkəl/  n.期刊，杂志

26. aspiration /ˌæspɪˈreɪʃən/  n.强烈的愿望

27. permanent /ˈpəːmənənt/ a.永久的，持久的

28. temporary /ˈtempərəri/  a.暂时的

29. negative /ˈnegətɪv/ a.①否定的②负面的

30.positive /ˈpɔzɪtɪv/  a.①肯定的②积极的

二：短语梳理

1.at an end 结束   in the end 最后 终于

at the end of 在……末尾 尽头  end up doing sth.结果做了某事

2. enjoy doing sth    喜欢做

3. enter a room    进入房间

4 .be employed in     忙于

5. encourage sb. to do    鼓励

6. the entrance to the hall    大厅入口

7. be equal to   等于

8. be equipped with 装备着

9. escape from...  从……逃脱  escape doing sth  逃脱做

10. exchange A for B    用A换B   

in exchange for    以交换

三：阅读训练

While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.

Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.

Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art(CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.

The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.

Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).

Wang's works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.

Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed,”he said.

“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,”he said.

“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,”said Wang.

The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.

1.Wang's winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are 　　　.

A.following the latest world trend

B.getting international recognition

C.working harder than ever before

D.relying on foreign architects

2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?

A.Its hilly environment.

B.Its large size.

C.Its unique style.

D.Its diverse functions.

3.What made Wang's architectural design a success?

A.The mixture of different shapes.

B.The balance of East and West.

C.The use of popular techniques.

D.The harmony of old and new.

4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?

A.Spread them to the world.

B.Preserve them at museums.

C.Teach them in universities.

D.Recreate them in practice.

答案

1.B　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句(他们的努力已被证明是富有成效的。)和最后一句(他是第一个获得这一奖项的中国公民。)可推知,王澍获奖意味着中国的建筑设计师正在获得世界的认可,故选B项。

2.C　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容,尤其是最后一句(这些建筑物的曲线与山的起伏完美搭配,形成了独特的风景。)可知答案为C项。

3.D　推理判断题。题干句意:什么使王澍的建筑设计获得了成功?根据第五段最后一句(由于现代元素与中国传统元素的结合,这一作品吸引了很多关注。)可知答案为D项。

4.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句(对传统的学习应该和实践相结合。)可知答案为D项。