高考英语核心词汇拓展  Day 11
201. design /dɪ'zaɪn/ n. & vt. 设计，策划；图案/样，样式；计划，目的
【拓展】

(1) design ... for ...为……而设计……
be designed for/to do ...      目的是……
be designed as  被设置为……
(2)by design      有意地，故意地
designer n. 设计师；谋划者

【例句】①The programme is designed to help people who have been out of work for a long time.这项计划的目的是为长期失业者提供帮助。
②We don't know if it was done by accident or by design.我们不知道那是偶然的还是故意的。
【串记】The little girl asked whether the Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge had been designed by the designer called Meng Fanchao by design. 小女孩故意问港珠澳大桥是否是设计师孟凡超设计的。
202. desire /dɪ'zaɪə/ vt. & n. 渴/欲望；期望
【拓展】

(1)have a strpng desire to do sth.迫切想要做某事
have a strong ddesire for sth急于想得到某物
(2) desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
desire that...(should) do...渴望……
(3)desirable adj.理想的；值得拥有的；可取的

【例句】①He desired to bring back the so-called new four inventions back to his home country. 他希望把所谓的四项新发明带回自己的祖国。
②She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much. 她对知识有强烈的渴望，非常想上大学。
易错点拨 desire不用于进行时态，后接宾语从句或同位语从句，从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
【串记】Something desirable is what we desire. 令人向往的东西是我们渴望的。
203. destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ vt. 破坏，毁坏 (参见damage)
【拓展】

destruction n. 破坏；毁灭；销毁；毁坏 
destructive a. 破坏的；毁灭性的；有害的，消极的
【例句】A lot of buildings were destroyed in the war．战争中许多建筑遭到毁坏。
【串记】The destructive weapons destroyed our homes.This destruction is both material and spiritual. 毁灭性的武器毁掉了我们的家园。这种毁坏既是物质的更是精神的。
【辨析】
这些动词均有“破坏，损坏”之意。destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。
204. determine /dɪ'tɜːmɪn/ vt. 决定；决心
【拓展】

(1)determine to do sth.      决心做某事(表动作)
determine sb.to do sth.      使某人决定做某事
(2) determined adj.坚决的；有决心的；坚定的
be determined to do sth.决心做某事(表状态)
(3)determination n.      坚定；决心 
make a determination to do sth.      决心做某事

【例句】She determined to work twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
她决定加倍努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。
【串记】I determine to achieve the goal that I was determined to do last year. 我决定要实现我去年就下定决心要达到的目标。 
【联想】“决定做某事”的常见表达方式还有：make up one's mind to do sth.; decide to do sth.; make a decision to do sth.等。
【串记】Li Hua is a young man with great determination. He determined to go to Tibet after graduation. Determined never to come back before he could make a big fortune, he left home without saying a word. 李华是一个有决心的年轻人。他决心毕业后去西藏。他决心在能赚大钱之前再也回不来了，他一言不发就离开了家。
205. develop /dɪ'veləp/ v.(使)发展/达；(使)发育；开发，研制；vt. 冲洗(照片)；患(病)
【拓展】

develop oilfield开发油田
develop one's health增进健康
develop traditional friendship发展传统友谊
developed a. 发达的；成熟的
developing a. 发展中的；生长的，变化的
development n. 发展；开发；发育

【例句】Hand in hand with reading, he had developed the habit of making notes.在读书的同时,他养成了做笔记的习惯。
【串记】Despite the development of society,  developing countries’ living standard is still much lower than that in developed countries. 尽管社会在发展，发展中国家的生活水平仍然比发达国家要低得多。 
206. devote /dɪ'vəʊt/ vt. 把……奉献；贡献
【拓展】

(1)devote one's life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth.
把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于/投入到(做)某事中
devote oneself to (doing) sth.献身于/致力于(做)某事
(2)devoted adj.           忠实的；深爱的
be devoted to (doing) sth.  专心于/奉献于(做)某事
(3)devotion n.      关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚

【例句】①I'm devoting all my time and energy to being a teacher right now. 我现在把全部时间和精力都花在做教师上。
②Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building a harmonious society. 只有认识到互相帮助的重要性，我们才能致力于构建和谐社会。
【串记】Mrs. White, a devoted friend of mine, devoted all her energy to her career and her devotion to children made us moved. 怀特夫人，我的一位忠实的朋友，把她所有精力都投入到事业上，她对孩子们的奉献让我们感动。
207. die /daɪ/ vi. 死亡；凋零；熄灭(参见dead)
【拓展】

die away 减弱，消失；渐熄
die down 逐渐消失
die from死于(外部原因)
die of 死于(内部原因)
die off 相继死去，逐个死亡
die out灭绝; 消失
dead a. 死的；无生命的
deadly a. 致命的；非常的；死一般的；ad. 非常；如死一般地
death n. 死；死亡；死神；毁灭
to death到极点，过分
to the death至死，直到最后
deadline n. 最终期限

【例句】①Many rare animals are dying out. We must find ways to protect our environment.(许多稀有动物正在灭绝，我们必须找到方法保护我们的环境。
②After hours of working in the hot sun, the men were dying for a cold beer. 在炎热的太阳下工作数小时后，人们真想喝上一杯冰镇啤酒。
③To his great sorrow, his chickens were dying off from the disease. 使他非常难过的是，他的小鸡一个个地病死了。
④When the applause had died down, she began her speech.掌声平息后，她开始演讲。
【串记】The lawyer deadly wants to know the deadline of the criminal’s death. 律师非常想知道这个罪犯的死刑的最终期限。
208. differ /'dɪfə/ v. 不同，相异，有区别(近vary)
【拓展】

(1)differ from ＝ be different from/to    与……不同
differ in ＝ be different in      在……方面不同
differ with sb. about/on sth. 就某事与某人意见不同
（2）difference n.  不同；区别
make a difference      有影响；起(重要)作用
tell the difference between ... and ...区分……与……的差别

【例句】①She differs from her sister in the colour of her eyes.她眼睛的颜色与姐姐的不同。
②The two brothers differ in their judgment of this piece of music.兄弟俩对这首曲子的评价不一。
③However,I differ with the man who is speaking.然而,我跟那个正在发言的人意见不同。
④ This picture is different from that one. Compare them and tell the difference between them. 这幅画和那幅画不一样。比较它们，并区分它们。
【串记】It makes no difference that opinions among students differ from one to another. 学生意见不同没有多大关系。 
209. difficult /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/ a. 难懂的，困难的，艰难的(反easy)；不易相处的，难缠的
【拓展】

difficulty n. 困难，困境
be in difficulties经济上困难，处境困难
have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
make(raise)difficulties(with)(对某事)找麻烦；唱反调，反对
with difficulty好不容易才
without difficulty轻而易举地

表示“做某事有困难”还有如下结构：

Have difficulty with sth.
Have trouble/problems in doing sth.
Have a hard time in doing sth.
There’s difficulty/trouble with sth.
There’s difficulty/trouble in doing sth.

【例句】①Most parents have difficulty (in) communicating with their children.大部分父母在与孩子沟通交流方面有困难。
②I have a hard time (in) paying attention in class.在课堂上，我很难集中精力。
③For me, there is no difficulty/trouble(in) finishing the task in two days.对于我来说，在两天之内完成这项任务是毫无困难的。
The deliverer thinks it difficult for him todeliver it on time. 送货人认为他很难准时送来。
【串记】I have some difficulty in finishing such a difficult task. 要完成这么困难的任务有困难。
210. direct /dɪˈrekt ; daɪ-/ a. 直接的；直达的；直截了当的(反indirect)；vt. 指挥/导；监督；管理；指挥(演奏)；导演(电影)
【拓展】

direction指挥/导/示；管理；方向；使用说明
in all directions四面八方，各方面
in many directions在各方面
in the direction of向……方向
under the direction of在……指导下
directly ad. 直接地；立即；马上；正好地；坦率地 conj. 一…就
director n. 主任，主管；导演；人事助理
directory n. 目录；工商名录；姓名地址录；a. 指导的；咨询的

【例句】①He is very direct, so you always know what his real views are.他为人很直率, 所以你总能知道他的真实想法。
②The manager directed us to make all-round arrangements.经理指示我们要作全面安排。
【串记】The director directed the band in the direction of the entrance to the stage. 这个指挥朝舞台入口处方向指挥着乐队。
211. disappoint /dɪsə'pɒɪnt/ v. 使失望
【拓展】

disappointed a．失望的；沮丧的
be disappointed in对……失望
be disappointed of……的希望落空
be disappointed with对…感到失望
disappointing a．使人失望的，令人扫兴的
disappointment n. 失望；令人失望的人或事物
in disappointment失望地
to one's disappointment令(某人)失望的是

【例句】You were disappointed with me in the past I am sure I will not disappoint you any more.你以前对我失望但是我坚信我不会再令你失望了。
【串记】What disappoints me is the disappointing news that I didn’t pass the driving test. 让我失望的是我没通过驾驶考试这个令人失望的消息。
212. discover /dɪ'skʌvə/ vt. 发现；找到；查明
【拓展】

discover among 在…之中发现 
discover sth by 通过…发现某物 
discoverer n. 发现者
discovery n. 发现，发觉；被发现的事物

【例句You and your team can discover the problem together. 你和你的团队可以一起发现这个问题。
【串记】When discoverers discover something new, If they do not have a word for their discovery, they make one up 当发现者们发现什么新东西时，如果他们没有用于他们的发现的字，他们就编造一个。
【辨析】discover, find, find out, invent, look for
这组词(组)都有“发明”“发现”的意思。discover指发现或偶然发现原来就存在但一直未被认识的东西; look for作“寻找”解时,指寻找的动作和过程; find指寻找的结果,即“找到”,是非延续性动词,不如discover正式; find out指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来,搞清楚,弄明白,多用于复杂而不易直接查出的情况; invent指发明原来不存在的东西,有时也可指虚构、捏造。
213. discuss /dɪ'skʌs/ vt. 讨论，商议
【拓展】

discuss sb/sth with sb.与(某人)讨论(某题目) 
discuss doing sth.讨论做某事
discussion n. 讨论，议论
come up for discussion(某事)提交讨论
under discussion在讨论之中

【例句】①He discussed with you the work you have done.他跟你一起讨论你所做的工作。
②He said they had discussed exchanging scientists and technicians.他说他们讨论了科学家和技术人员的交流问题。
【串记】We had a heated discussion about the topic when we discuss it yesterday. 当我们昨天讨论这个话题时，我们进行了一场热烈的讨论。
214. distance /ˈdɪstəns/ n. 距离；遥远，远处/方；疏远
【拓展】

(1)in the distance在远处；在远方
at/from a distance      从远处；隔一段距离
keep one's distance from ... ＝ keep ... at a distance
    与……保持距离
within walking distance  在步行可及的地方
(2)distant adj.      遥远的；冷淡的
be distant from      离……遥远
be distant towards sb.      对某人冷淡

【例句】①While walking his dog in the park yesterday afternoon, Bob heard someone crying for help in the distance. 昨天下午鲍勃在公园遛狗时，他听到有人在远处呼救。
②Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant．不要着急。从这儿到那家餐厅只有很短的一段距离。
③That lovely summer holiday in Beijing already feels like a distant memory.在北京度过的那个美好的暑假感觉好像已经是遥远的回忆了。
【串记】 This may all seem like a distant dream, but it is not in the distance 这也许像是一个遥远的梦想，但是，它并不那么遥远。
He lived within walking distance of the girl. He loved her but the girl's father didn't approve. The father forced the girl to keep him at a distance/keep her distance from him
. So whenever she walked past his gate, he could only watch her at/from a distance . Even worse, she was distant towards him deliberately according to her father's instructions. 他住在女孩的步行距离内。他爱她，但女孩的父亲不同意。父亲强迫女孩和他保持距离。所以每当她走过他的大门时，他只能看着她从远处。更糟糕的是，她根据父亲的指示故意对他疏远。
215. distinguish /dɪ'stɪŋgwɪʃ/ v. 辨/区别；使出色
【拓展】

distinguish A from B区(辨)别A和B 
distinguish between right and wrong分清(辨)是非
distinguish oneself出名，扬名，突出
distinguish things into classes把东西分类
distinguished a. 著名的；卓著的；高贵的
distinct a. 明显的；独特的；清楚的；有区别的
distinction n. 区别；差别；特性；荣誉，勋章
distinctive a. 独特的，有特色的；与众不同的

【例句】It's important to distinguish fact from fiction.把现实与虚构区分开来是很重要的。
【串记】Our English teacher asked us to distinguish between distinguished and distinctive, because there was distinct distinction between them. 我们英语老师让我们区分distinguished和 distinctive，因为他们之间有明显的差别。
216. disturb /dɪ'stɜːb/ 打扰，扰乱，使心神不安
【拓展】

disturb about 对…感到担忧
disturb the minds of the people 扰乱人心
disturbed a. 扰乱的；为心理失常者而设的
disturbing a. 令人不安的；烦扰的
disturbance n. 干扰；骚乱；忧虑

【例句】I'm sorry to disturb you with some questions.对不起，打扰你了，我有些问题请教你。
【串记】The disturbing noise disturbs the neighbors. They appeal to the government to solve the disturbance. 这烦扰的噪音吵着邻居了。他们呼吁政府解决噪音问题。
【辨析】disturb指某人行动妨碍了别人正常秩序而使人不能安宁；trouble指托人做事时的客套话，表示使人费时或增加负担；bother语气较强，指以同样行为妨碍别人安宁，使人讨厌，有时指麻烦人做事。
217. divide /dɪ'vaɪd/ vt. 分，划分，分割/配；(被)除
【拓展】

divide sth.between/among...  在……之间分配某物
divide sth.in half/into halves  把……分成两半
divide A by B  用B除A
division n. 除法；部门；分配/割

【例句】①As we all know，a year can be divided into four seasons.我们都知道，一年可以被分成四个季节。
②Let's divide the cake into three parts.我们把蛋糕分成三份吧。
③Divide 20 by 4. 20除以4。
【串记】 Divide the students into two groups and have a competition, and then we will divide the prizes among you. 把学生分成两个大组进行比赛，然后这些奖品就由你们分配了。
【辨析】 divide/separate
divide(...into...)    常指把某个整体划分为若干部分，即破坏了原来的完整性
separate(...from...)    强调“将……与……分开”，指把原来连在一起或靠近的人或事物分开，没有破坏整体的完整性。也可用作不及物动词，意为：分(离)开，分手

218. doubt /daʊt/ n. & v. 怀疑，疑惑
【拓展】have doubt about对…有疑问

in doubt可怀疑的；不能肯定的
without/beyond doubt无容置疑，确实地
there is no doubt that从句  毫无疑问
I don’t doubt that从句  我对此并不怀疑
I doubt if/whether从句 我怀疑是否
doubtful a. 可疑的；疑心的；不能确定的

【例句】①There is no doubt that we human beings should be responsible for the global warming. 毫无疑问，我们人类应该为全球变暖负责。
②I don't doubt that/I have no doubt that a friendly and harmonious environment is of great importance to us all.
我确信一个友好而又和谐的环境对我们大家来说都很重要。
③There is some doubt whether he will be elected president. 他是否能当选总统还有些疑问。
【点津】doubt在肯定句中后接whether/if引导的宾语从句(若doubt是名词，则只能接whether引导的同位语从句)；在疑问句和否定句中其后接that从句。
【串记】I have doubt about something in doubt, but there is no doubt that I am wrong. 我对不能肯定的事情有疑问，但毫无疑问我错了。
219. draw /drɔː/ (drew, drawn) v. 绘画；绘制；拉，拖；提取(金钱)；吸引；n. 平局(同tie)
【拓展】

draw near/close(时间、空间的)临近
draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion (from ...)
(从……中)得出结论
draw one's eye      吸引某人的眼光
draw one's attention      吸引某人的注意
draw upon/on利用，凭借，依赖；临近
drawing n. 图画；牵引；素描术
drawer n. 抽屉；开/出票人；起草者
drawback n. 缺点，不利条件；退税

【例句】①Scientists have drawn a conclusion that smoking is greatly associated with lung cancer.科学
家们已得出结论：肺癌与吸烟有很大的关系。
②With Christmas drawing near, many supermarkets  draw upon discount to draw the consumers' attention.
随着圣诞节的临近，许多超市利用打折来吸引消费者的注意。
【串记】The director drew near the drawer to see the her drawing. It has some drawbacks. 导演拉近抽屉去看绘画的人。她的绘画有一些缺点。
220.dream /driːm/  (dreamt，dreamt 或-ed，-ed) n.& vt. 做梦；梦，梦见；梦想，空想 
【拓展】
dream of/about (doing) 梦见/想(做)
dream up构思；想到．想出来
dream/have a good dream做了个好梦
dreamer n．做梦的人，梦想家
【例句】We have the same dream, and the same world. 我们有着同一个梦想，和同一个世界。
【串记】When I dream, I dream of you. 当我做梦的时候，我会梦到你。


【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1.Columbus          (discovery) America but did not explore the new continent.
2.There is no distinctive        (differ) between the twins.
3.With the ___     __(develop) of economy, more and more students go abroad to study.
4.Yesterday we had a heated __     __(discuss) about whether parents can read their child’s diary.
5.Nobody is _____( doubt) that our team will win this match.
6.To his           (disappoint), his professor refused his application.
7.The retired designer has a ______(desire) life in the quiet country.
8.The accountant said she had some _    ____(difficult) in solving the problem.
9.Now that you have heard the process of the event, you can draw a        (conclude) whether to go or not. 
10. The date of a         (distinguish) guest who will visit our school soon is drawing near.
二、单句改错。
1.My cousin who often dreams of travel in space doesn’t pass the driving test.         
2.The assistant is determined to making use of this summer vacation to learn Spanish.
3.I am sorry to hear that you feel disappointing at your grades.
4.The beauties have some difference ways to broaden their horizons and increase their knowledge.
5.Our headmaster told us to separate the whole class into four small groups. 
6.All the senior students should limit their time on Wechat and devote themselves to learn science subjects..
7.Most of the buildings was destroyed by Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008.
8.The disappointed news drove the deliveryman coming from a remote country crazy.
9.We have a well developing transportation system. It is very convenient. 
10.My niece doubted that whether she could overcome the problems. 
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1.Tu Youyou and her team have            _    _ (致力于）researching artemisinin(青蒿素）all the time.
2. Once you                       (下决心做...) do something, you must work hard to achieve it.
3.                   (勿容置疑), our motherland will celebrate her 70th anniversary. 
4. Opinions among students                                      （各不相同）.
5. Would you please            “divide”          “separate” (区分）?
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 我猜想他们两个正在远处讨论怎样实现他们的梦想。（in the distance）
                            ___________________________________________________ 
1.为了不让我们的父母失望，我们要在学习上取得更大的进步。(disappointed)
                            ___________________________________________________                                                                                            3. 毫无疑问，木里火灾破坏了很多森林。(there is no doubt that)
                             ___________________________________________________                                                                                          
4. 他故意把这本书分成两半。(divide…into, by design)
                              ___________________________________________________                                                                                          
5.我希望我没妨碍那位杰出的指挥。（disturb）
                            _________________________________________________  



【答案】
一、语法填空。
1.discovered  2. difference  3. development  4. discussion  5. doubtful doubt  6. disappointment  7. desirable  8. difficulty  9. conclusion  10.  distinguished
一、单句改错。 易错的是 devote oneself to/be devoted to doing这个知识点最好出现在改错中
1. travel→travelling  2. making→make  3. disappointing→disappointed  4. difference→ different  5. separate→divide   6.learn→learning  7. was→were  8. disappointed→disappointing  9. developing→developed  10. 去掉that   
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. been devoted to  2.  are determined to  3. Without doubt  4. differ from person to person  5. distinguish; from
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. I guess they two are discussing how to make their dream come true in the distance.
2. In order not to make our parents disappointed, we should make great progress in study.
3. There is no doubt that many forests were destroyed by the fire in Muli.
4. He divided the book into two halves by design.
5. I hope I am not disturbing the distinguished director.

高考英语核心词汇拓展  Day 12

221.dress /dres/ n. 女服，连衣裙；(统指)服装；童装；v. (给…)穿衣
【拓展】

(1) dress up装扮；打扮；穿上盛装；装饰
dress (sb.) up as ...     (把某人)打扮/装扮成
dress oneself/sb.      给自己/某人穿衣
(2)be dressed in      穿着……衣服 (表状态)
get dressed      穿衣服

【例句】①Children often dress up as Superman to draw adults' attention.孩子们经常把自己装扮成超人，以吸引大人的注意力。
②To my surprise，I found my nephew dressed in a girl’s skirt. 令我吃惊的是，我发现我的侄子穿着一条女孩的裙子。
【串记】The lady who is dressed in red dresses up her daughter in a new dress. 穿着红衣服的女士给女儿穿上了盛装。
222.drive /draɪv/  (drove，driven) v. & n. 驾驶，开(车)；驾车(旅行)；驱赶/动
【拓展】

drive off/away驱离；开车离开
drive sb. crazy/mad 让某人发疯

【例句】 I suggest (that) they (should) not drive too fast. 我建议他们不要开得太快了。
【串记】She drove away without saying a word, which drove me crazy. 她什么都没说就把车开走了，这使得我快发疯了。
223. drop /drɒp/ v. & n. 掉/落下；下降(同fall)；放弃；滴
【拓展】

drop in顺便走访,偶然拜访
drop in on sb. 偶然访问某人
drop off减少；让…下车；睡着
drop out (of) 退出/学

【例句】He dropped off from his bike.他从自行车上跌下来。
【串记】I’d like to drop in on the student who dropped out of school several days ago. 我要走访一下前几天退学的那个学生。
224.dry /draɪ/ a. 干的；干燥的；v. (使)变干；弄干
【拓展】

dry off (使)弄干,(使)变干
dry up干涸；住口
dry with 用…弄干
drought n. 干旱；缺乏

【例句】After these dry days, everyone hopes for rain.干燥的天气之后，人人都希望下雨。
【串记】The plants are as dry as tinder(火绒） after this long drought.
植物经过长期干旱之后干枯得如同火绒一般。
225.duty /'djuːtɪ/ 责任，义务；任务，职责；值班； 税
【拓展】

do duty for代替……用，充当
in duty bound在义务上(非……不可)
off duty下班
on duty值班，当班
a sense of duty责任感
do one’s duty尽本分

【例句】①The sailors employed on this duty are well trained．担任这项任务的水手们都是受过良好训练的。
②It is our duty to obey the laws．遵守法律是我们的义务。
【串记】Everyone should perform his duty whether he is on duty or off duty. 每个人都要尽到职责，无论是上班还是下班期间。
226. eager /'iːgə/ a. 渴望的，热切的
【拓展】

be eager to do...渴望做……
be eager for sth. 急于得到……
be eager for sb. to do...希望某人做……
be eager that...热切地希望……
[从句常用 “should do”]
eagerness n. 渴望；热心
eagerly a. 渴望的；热切/心的

【例句】①We are eager for him to help us. 我们渴望他帮助我们。
②They are too eager to show off their beautiful garden.他们急于炫耀他们漂亮的花园。
③Both stressed their eagerness to hear from readers and listeners on social networks. 双方都强调他们渴望听到社交网络上的读者和听众的声音。
【串记】
【联想】表达“急切/盼望(做)……”的短语还有：be anxious for/to do...，long for，be greedy for，be hungry for，be dying for/to do...，be thirsty for，be keen on/to do...等。
227. earn /ɜːn/ vt. 挣/赚得；赢得
【拓展】

earn/make a living by/from　靠……谋生
earn one's living谋生
earn one's own living      自食其力
earn money/a fortune      挣钱/大钱
earn sb. praise/a reputation 为某人赢得赞扬/名声
earnings n. 收入

【例句】①His hard work earned him good money.他工作努力,使他得到一笔可观的钱。
②Since his parents died early, he had to earn his own living when he was a teenager. 因双亲早亡， 他十几岁的时候就不得不独自谋生。
③Saving a girl from the river earned him a good reputation.从河里营救了一个女孩为他赢得了好的名声。
228. ease /iːz/ v. 减轻，缓解；n.容易；安逸，舒适，自在
【拓展】

at one's ease舒适，快活地，自由自在
feel at ease自在地，安心
Stand at easel(口令)稍息!
take one's ease休息，舒畅
easy a. 容易的；舒适的
easily ad. 容易地；无疑地

【例句】Gloria is a rich woman now, and lives a life of ease.格洛丽亚现在是个阔太太,过着安逸舒适的生活。
【串记】It is easy to ease anxiety when you are at ease. 当你舒适自在时就很容易减轻焦虑。
229. educate /'edjʊkeɪt/ vt. 教育；培养；训练
【拓展】

educate oneself自学
educate one’s children to behave well教孩子守规矩
educated a. 受过教育的；有教养的
education n. 教育；培养；教育学
educational a. 教育的；有教育意义的
educator n. 教育家；教育工作者；教师

【例句】①Teachers educate students to protect themselves.老师训练学生自我保护。
②In my eyes the question is not what to teach, but how to educate.在我看来,问题不是教什么书,而是如何育人。
【串记】The well-educated educator devoted himself to education. 这个教养很好的教育家献身于教育事业。
230.effect /ɪ'fekt/n．效果；作用；影响
【拓展】

(1)have an effect on/upon对……产生影响
carry/bring/put ...into effect  实行，实施，使生效
come into effect      开始生效；开始实施
take effect      见效，生效，实施
in effect  实际上；(规则、法律)有效/在实行中
side effect      副作用
(2)effective adj.      有效的
effectively adv.      有效地

【例句】①The new law has come into effect; surely it will have an effect on industry of the country.这项新的法律已经生效了；它肯定会对这个国家的工业有影响。
②Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.一般来说，按照说明书来服药是不会有副作用的。
③Training is much less effective than expected. 培训的效果远不如预期。
④Besides, developing a good habit of learning can help you improve your learning effectively. 此外，养成良好的学习习惯可以帮助你有效地提高你的学习水平。
【串记】The new traffic rules came into effect on January 1, 2015. Now, they are beginning to take effect. In effect , they have an effect on people's life in many ways besides people's focus on road safety. 新的交通规则于 2015 年 1 月 1 日生效。 现在，它们开始生效。实际上，除了人们关注道路安全之外，它们在许多方面对人们的生活产生了影响。
231. effort /'efət/ n. 努/尽力；气/精力
【拓展】

(1)make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth.
(尽一切)努力做某事
make efforts努力
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事
(2)with effort      努力地
without effort      不费力地，容易地

【例句】①We must make every effort to turn our dreams into reality. 我们必须尽一切努力把我们的梦想变成现实。
②We should spare no effort to make up for the lost time. 我们应该不遗余力地弥补失去的时间。
【串记】In an effort to achieve our dream, we must make every effort to pass the College Entrance Examination. 为了实现我们的梦想，我们必须尽一切努力来通过高考。
232. elect /ɪ'lekt/ v. 选举，推选
【拓展】

elect sb. (as) sth. 推选某人当某职
elect to 推选…进入〔担任〕
elector n．有选举权者; 选举人
election n. 选举；当选；选择权

【例句】①We elected him (to be/as) monitor. 我们选他当班长。
②They elected him to speak at the meeting.他们推举他在会上发言。
【串记】 During the last election, Trump was elected as the 45th American President. 在上一次的大选中，特朗普被选举为第45届美国总统。
233. electric /ɪ'lektrɪk/ a. 用电的，电动的
【拓展】

electrica a．电气科学的，关于电的，电的；电动的
electricity n. 电力；电流
electronic a. 电子的   
electronics n. 电子学；电子工业

【例句】Most people are using electric toothbrushes these days. 目前，大多数人在使用电动牙刷。
【串记】Without electricity, electric cars won’t work, which disappoints the electrical engineers. 没有电，电动汽车就不能运转，这使得电气工程师们很失望。
234. embarrass /ɪm'bærəs/ v. (尤指在社交场合)使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难
【拓展】

embarrassed a. 尴尬的；窘迫的   
embarrassing a. 使人尴尬的；令人为难的
embarrassment n.窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物  
to one’s embarrassment令人感到尴尬的是

【例句】The wife was embarrassed by her husband’s drunken behaviour at the party．妻子为丈夫在晚会上耍酒疯而窘迫万分。
He embarrassed his opponent by awkward questions．他出些难题使对手感到困难。
【串记】His embarrassing questions made me embarrassed greatly. I felt my face burning with embarrassment.他尴尬的问题使我很尴尬。我感到脸上燃烧着尴尬。
To my embarrassment, the embarrassing occasion made me really embarrassed. 令我尴尬的是，这种尴尬的场面让我真的很尴尬。
235. employ /ɪm'plɒɪ; em-/ vt. 雇佣；利/使用
【拓展】

(1)employ sb. to do...雇用某人做……
employ...as...雇用……当……
employ oneself in (doing)...从事……，忙于……
be employed in (doing)...从事……，忙于……
(2)employment n.雇用；职业；就业
in employment在业，有工作
out of employment失业
(3)employer n.雇主，老板
employee n.雇工，雇员

【例句】①You must employ someone to oversee the project.你得雇个人监督这一工程。
②He employed himself teaching English.他从事英语教学工作。
③We employ English as a common language.我们把英语当作共同语言使用。
④He is out of employment.他失业了。
【串记】The employer required his employees to work hard because unemployment rate is pretty high these days. 老板要求他的员工努力工作，因为目前失业率很高。
236. encourage /ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ; en-/ vt. 鼓/激励；鼓动，
劝告(反discourage)
【拓展】

encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝阻某人别做某事
encouraged a. 受到鼓舞的
discouraged a. 气馁的，灰心的，丧气的
encouraging a. 令人鼓舞的；鼓励的，奖励的discouraging a. 使人沮丧的；令人气馁的
encouragement n. 鼓/激励

【例句】① The teacher encouraged his students to form their own opinions.老师鼓励学生形成他们自己的观点。
② These results are encouraging,but you still have a long way to go．
这些结果令人振奋，但你还有很长的路要走。
【串记】Despite my encouragement and support, my son got discouraging results. He got discouraged. However, my dad discouraged him from losing heart. 尽管我给予了鼓励和支持，我的儿子还是得到了令人沮丧的结果。他受到了打击。然而，我爸爸劝阻他不要灰心。
237. end /end/ n. 末端，尽头；结束；结局；v. 结
束，终止
【拓展】

at the end of在…尽头；在…结束时
in the end终于，最后
bring/put an end to sth.=put/bring sth. to an end 使结束
come to an end 告终，结束
make ends meet收支相抵; 量入为出
end in以…为结果；以…告终
end up doing sth. 以做某事…而告终
end up as 最终成为
end up with以…结束/告终(反begin with)
on end连续地；竖着
ending n. 结局；结尾
endless a. 无止境的；连续的

【例句】①They didn't know how to put an end to the quarrel.他们不知道如何结束这场争吵。
②Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up with sweet dreams.你在睡觉前闻一闻这些花，即可终得美梦。
【点津】come to an end为不及物动词短语，后面不能接宾语，接宾语时需用bring sth. to an end或put/bring an end to sth.。
【串记】In order to make ends meet, his husband cut off his son's supply of milk. For this, the couple argued for two days on end. In the end, they decided to bring this endless argument to an end/put an end to this endless argument at the end of this week for the sake of their son. 为了维持生计，她丈夫切断了儿子的牛奶供应。为此，这对夫妇连续争论了两天。最后，为了他们的儿子，他们决定结束这个无休止的争论。
238. energy /'enədʒɪ/ n. 能量/源；精/活力，干劲
【拓展】

be full of energy精力充沛
energetic a. 精力充沛的；积极的；有力的
an energetic effort积极努力
look fresh and energetic精神饱满

【例句】Young people usually have more energy than the old.青年人通常比老年人精力充沛。
【串记】The energetic people are always full of energy. 积极的人总是精力充沛。
239. engage /ɪn'geɪdʒ; en-/ v. 雇佣； 占用；吸引；与…订婚
【拓展】
engage in参加; 从事; 忙于
engage with 忙于接待〔应付〕,和(敌人)交战
engaged a. 订婚的；忙碌的；从事；被占用的
be engaged to sb.与...订婚
【例句】His mother engaged a private tutor to improve his chemistry. 他的妈妈请了一位家庭教师给他补习化学。
【串记】The couple who have been engaged for three months are engaged in inviting their friends to the wedding to be held next month. 这对订婚了三个月的夫妇在忙着邀请朋友下个月来参加他们的婚礼。
240.enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ vt. 喜爱；享受…之乐趣；欣赏；享有
【拓展】
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
enjoy oneself 过得快乐/快活
enjoyable a. 快乐的；有乐趣的；令人愉快的
enjoyment n. 享受；乐趣；享有
【例句】①We enjoyed ourselves during the holidays.我们在假期玩得非常高兴。
②In her spare time she enjoyed reading novels or going to the park.在她空闲时间里她喜欢看小说或到公园走走。
【串记】I enjoy myself because I find teaching enjoyable, which brings me great enjoyment. 我过得很快乐，因为我觉得教书很有趣，这能给我带来巨大的乐趣。
【例句】We have the same dream, and the same world.我们有着同一个梦想，和同一个世界。
【串记】When I dream, I dream of you 当我做梦的时候，我会梦到你。


【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. After           (employ) for several days, the employee was dismissed.
2. The physicists employed an able and            (energy) assistant to achieve their dream.
3. The majority of parents work hard to give their children a good              (educate).
4. It’s your duty to earn more money for your son who is studying          (electric)engineering in the university.
5. The adventurer couldn’t hide his          (eager) to receive education.
6. Either of you should make efforts to make the           (employ) satisfied with you.
7. The unemployment figures in our country are not very               (encourage).
8. In America, presidential           (elect) are held every four years.
9.         (dry) is one of the severe natural disasters, which we should take action to prevent.
10. They announced their           (engage)to their friends and family.
二、单句改错。
1. The newcomer is determined to work harder, as he just got 36 points in the test, which is discouraged.  
2.The actors’ disgusting show made the audience embarrassing last weekend.
3.We students were greatly encouraging by what the headmaster said.
4.The girl who was engaged with my employer yesterday lives next to my house.
5.The young man ended up with prison because he had stolen an electric car.
6.Our headmaster always encourages us to making efforts to work hard to achieve our dreams.
7.Neither the teacher nor the students engages themselves in making preparations for the final examination.
8.Strangely enough, the naughty boy was elected the monitor by my classmates.
9.The educator devoted himself to getting back the pupils drop out in the poor areas.
10.The slow learners who don’t make effort to study always drop out of school.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. Either of the twin brothers                   (渴望) be employed.   
2. Although he made efforts to earn money, he couldn’t                   (收支相抵).
3. After 3 hours’ discussion, the meeting                        (结束) at last.
4. My parents                 (谋生)by planting some sorts of fruit trees.
5. The employee on duty is always                    (精力充沛)and concentrated.

四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 我的责任就是要满足你们的需要。(duty)
                                                                                          
2.无论我在做什么我都渴望见到我心爱的姑娘。(be eager to)
                                                                                          
3.穿着这套服装开车时，这位经理感觉很自在。(at ease)
                                                                                          
4.令人尴尬的是，面试她的雇主是她的前男友。(to one’s embarrassment)
                                                                                          
5.那个喜欢作弄人的导演总是很令人泄气。(enjoy doing）
                                                                                          


【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. being employed  2. energetic  3. education  4. electrical  5. eagerness  6. employer  7. encouraging  8. elections  9. Drought  10. engagement  
二、单句改错。
1. discouraged→discouraging  2. embarrassing → embarrassed  3.encouraging→encouraged  4. with→to
5. with→in  6. making→make  7. engages→engage  8. 去掉the  9. drop→dropping  10. effort→efforts
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. is eager to  2. make ends meet  3. came to an end  4. make their living  5. full of energy
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. It’s my duty to satisfy your demand.
2. I am eager to see the girl who I love whatever I do.
3. The manager always feels completely at ease when driving in this dress.
4. To her embarrassment, the employer who interviewed her was her ex-boyfriend.
5. The director who enjoys playing tricks on others is always discouraging.

高考英语核心词汇拓展  Day 13

241. enter /'entə/  vt. 进入；加入
【拓展】
enter into开始，从事，；参加(讨论等)
enter for参加(竞赛，活动等)；报名参加(比赛)
enter on开始,着手
entrance n. 入口；进入
entry n. 进入；入口；条目；登记；报关手续
【例句】 The students can’t enter the classroom without the teacher’s permission when they are late. 学生迟到后没有老师的允许就不能进入教室。
【串记】At the entrance to the library, the performers can enter for the science competition with their entry. 表演者们可以带着他们的报名相关手续到图书馆入口处报名参加科技竞赛。
242. entertain /entə'teɪn/ v.使欢/娱乐；招待, 款待
【拓展】
(1) entertain sb.to sth.  用某物招待某人
entertain sb.with sth.      用某物使某人快乐
(2)entertainment n.  娱乐，文娱节目；招待，款待
to one's entertainment      使某人高兴的是
entertaining adj.有趣的；令人愉快的
entertainer n. 演艺人员，表演者
【例句】①He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes.他讲故事、说笑话，让我们高兴了好几个小时。
②To my great entertainment, he promised to entertain us to ice cream. 令我非常高兴的是，他答应请我们吃冰淇淋。
【串记】The entertainer entertained the audience with an entertaining musical entertainment. 这位表演者用一种令人愉快的音乐演出来逗乐观众。
243.environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 生态/自然环境；生活环境，外界
【拓展】
environmental a. 环境的，周围的；有关环境的
environmentally friendly保护生态环境的；对生态环境无害的
environmentlist n. 环保人士；环境论者；研究环境问题的专家
【例句】All of us have to take action to protect our living environment. 我们大家都必须采取行动来保护我们的生活环境。
【串记】Environmentlists suggest that we should use the environmentally friendly methods to protect our environment. 环境学家建议我们应该用比较环保的方式来保护我们的环境。
244. equal /'i:kwəl/ a. 相等的；平等的；v. (使)等于；比得上；n. 同等的人/物
【拓展】
(1)equal ... with ...    把……与……等同
(2)be equal to (doing) sth.      等于；能胜任(做)某事
be equal with      与……平等
equal sb./sth. in      在……方面与某人/某物相等
equality n. 平等；相等
equally ad. 同样地；相/平等地；公平地
【例句】①Anyone will be equal to the job, as long as he is careful. 只要细心，任何人都能胜任这项工作。
②No one is equal to him in courage, about which every one knows.在勇气方面没有人没得上他，这一点大家都清楚。
③Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment. 在教育和就业方面，男女必须受到平等对待。
【串记】Many women who are equal to their job have the same equality with men and are treated equally. 许多能胜任工作的女性享有和男士们平等权利并且能被平等地对待。
245. equip /ɪ'kwɪp/ vt. 提供设备；装/配备
【拓展】
equip …with 用……装备; 使……具备
be equipped with配/装备有…；装有…
equipment [U] 设备，装备；器材
【例句】①To compete more effectively with others, more and more people equip themselves with a higher education．为了能够更有效地和别人竞争，越来越多的人通过接受更高级的教育来装备自己。
②The soldiers were well equipped with weapons(武器) and ready to start．战士们已经全副武装，整装待发。
【串记】Every classroom in our school is equipped with advanced equipment. 我们学校的每个教室里都配备有先进的设备。
246.escape /ɪ'skeɪp; e-/ v.& n. 逃跑/脱；躲过；泄露；出口
【拓展】
(1)escape (doing) sth.逃脱(做)某事
escape from/out of ... 从……逃跑，逃走
escape sb./one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意；被某人遗忘
(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生
make one's escape 逃脱；逃走
【例句】①I remember seeing him somewhere before, but his name escapes me for the moment. 我记得以前在某个地方见过他，但一时想不起他的名字。
②He managed to escape from prison, and spent 9 years in hiding. 他设法从监狱中逃了出来，并隐藏了9年的时间。
③The driver narrowly escaped being killed   in the traffic accident.这名司机在车祸中差一点被撞死。
【串记】His cousin had a narrow escape from the fire escape; that is to say, he escaped being beaten by a gang of guys. 他的表弟从安全出口勉强躲过一群人的殴打。
247.even /'iːv(ə)n/ ad. 甚至，连(…都)；更；a. 平坦的
【拓展】
even if(though)即使……
even so 虽然如此，即使如此
even now即使现在也
【例句】You know even less about it than I do．关于此事你知道得比我还少。
【串记】Even so, the examiner doesn’t not even remember what they did 3 years ago. 即使这样，这位主考官甚至于记不得3年前发生了什么。
248.event /ɪ'vent/ n. 事件，大事；体育比赛项目；
结果
【拓展】
at all events无论如何，在任何情况下
in any event无论如何
in the event of万一，如果发生
eventual a. 最终的；有条件的
eventually ad. 最终地
【例句】The researchers all participated in the charity event. . 研究者们全都参与了那项慈善活动。
【串记】Eventually, the strange sequence of events came to an end. 最终，这一系列的奇怪事情结束了。
248. ever /'evə/ ad. 曾经；从来，无论何时；究竟，到底
【拓展】
ever so(such)很，非常
for ever永远，永久地
hardly ever几乎不……，难得(很少)……
ever since从那时到现在
【例句】Have you ever felt anything like this before?  
以前你有过类似的感觉吗？
【串记】Has your manager ever been to your college ever since he graduated? 自从你的经理大学毕业后他曾去过你的大学吗？
249. evidence /'evɪd(ə)ns/ n. & v. 证据(同proof)；证词
【拓展】
(1) evidence of/for sth.   有某事/物的证据
evidence that…         有证据
evidence to show / suggest…有证据表明
there is evidence that 有证据表明
(2)evident adj.  明显的
be evident to sb. that ...     某人清楚……
It is evident that ...        显然……
【例句】①Do you have evidence that this treatment works?你有没有证据证明这种治疗有效？
②It is evident to all that he is wrong.很显然大家都知道他错了。
【串记】There is evidence that all your evidences are evidently wrong. 有证据表明你所有的证词都是明显错误的。
250. examine /ɪg'zæmɪn; eg-/ vt. 检查；调查；测试/验
【拓展】
examinee n. 应试者；受审查者；受检查者
examiner n. 检验员；主考人
examination n. 考试；检查；查问
make an examination of检查
on examination经审查，经调查后，经考试
under examination在审查中，在调查中
【例句】Lie down and let me examine you.  躺下，让我给你检查一下。
【串记】During the examination, the examiner is busy examining the examinees’ paper. 在考试时， 主考人忙着检查参考人员的试卷。
251.example /ɪg'zɑːmp(ə)l; eg-/ n. 例子；榜样，样本
【拓展】
follow the example of以……为榜样，仿效某人
for example例如
set an example to给……树立榜样
take example by拿……做榜样，以...为例
【例句】Can you think of any other examples? 你能想到别的例子吗？
【串记】Let’s take Yuan Longping for example; he set us so good an example that we all should follow his example. 我们拿袁隆平来举个例子。他给我们树立了这么好的例子，我们大家都要以他为榜样。
252. except /ɪkˈsept/ prep. 除……之外
【拓展】
except for若不是，除掉……一点之外，只有(是)
except that除……之外
exception n. 例外; 异议
exceptional a. 异常的，例外的
【例句】All the students had the examination except me. 除了我之外所有的学生都参加了这次考试。
【串记】Without exception, some of the exceptional examples made your composition wonderful except for the handwriting. 毫无异议，除了你的拼写之外，你的不同寻常的例子使得你的作文很精彩。
【辨析】 besides/except/except for/apart from
besides除...之外，尚有...或外加...
except 除...之外（在整体中除去一部分）
except for说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正apart from 除...之外；此外
exchange/ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ / n．交换；交流，vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换
【拓展】
(1)exchange sth. for sth.  以某物换取某物   
exchange sth. with sb.  和某人交换某物
(2)in exchange for  交换(常用于give/get/receive后)
make an exchange 交换
exchange rate汇率   
exchange of views 交换意见
exchange student  交换生
【例句】①May I exchange seats with you?我和你调一个座位好吗?
②Many schools drop PE time to exchange for the time of academic courses. 许多学校放弃体育课时间交换学术课程的时间。
③We'll have an opportunity to exchange views tomorrow. 明天我们将有机会交换看法。
④He’s teaching me French in exchange for my teaching him Chinese．作为我教他汉语的交换，他教我法语。
253. excite /ɪk'saɪt; ek-/ vt. 使兴奋/激动
【拓展】
be excite about 对…感到兴奋；因…而激动
be excite about to do sth. 对做某事感到兴奋
be excited by sb 被某人激怒,为…而兴奋
excited a. 兴奋的；激动的；活跃的
exciting a．令人兴奋的，令人激动的
excitement n.兴奋，激动，鼓舞，令人兴奋的事(物)
【例句】What excites us most is that we’ll take three days off. 使我们兴奋的是我们要放三天假。
【串记】The students are excited about to get the exciting news. 学生们得到这个令人兴奋的消息感到激动。
254. excuse /ɪkˈskju:s; ɪkˈskju:z/ vt. 原谅；宽恕；为……辩解；n. 借口；辩解，理由
【拓展】
Excuse me．对不起，请原谅，劳驾
excuse sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
in excuse of为……辩解
make an excuse of替……辩解
【例句】The naughty boy always has excuses one after another. 这个调皮的男孩总是一个接一个地找借口。
【串记】Excuse me, can you excuse me for making up an excuse. 对不起，你能原谅我编造了一个借口吗？
255. exercise /'eksəsaɪz/ [U] &v. 锻炼，运动；[C]体操；练习(题)；vt. 行使，运用
【拓展】
do exercises 做操/练习
do morning exercises做早操；晨练
go in for exercise 参加体育运动
take exercise作运动(指保持和增进健康的运动)
【例句】If you don't take more exercises，you’ll get fat．你如果不多作运动，就会发胖。
【串记】After finishing doing his exercises, he often takes exercise. 做完练习之后，他还要经常锻炼。
256. exist /ɪg'zɪst; eg-/ vi. 存在；生存
【拓展】
(1)exist in存在于
exist on ＝ live on靠……生存；靠……生活
There exist(s) ...有……
(2)existence n.存在；生存；生活
in existence      现存的；存在的
come into existence/being      开始存在
existing a. 存在的；现行的
【例句】①The custom of arranged marriage still exists in many countries. 许多国家仍然存在着包办婚姻的习俗。
②There exist many factors influencing the children's future success. 有很多影响孩子未来成功的因素。
③No one knows when such a custom first came into existence. 没有人知道这种风俗什么时候开始有的。
【串记】How did the existing universe first come into existence?  现在的宇宙最初是怎么形成的？
257. expect /ɪkˈspekt/ vt. 预料；盼望，期待；认为
【拓展】
expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
expect sth. of/from sb. 对某人期望某物
as expected 如预料/期待的那样
to be expected可能发生,相当正常
expectation n. 期待；预期；指望
【例句】You cannot expect him to do such a thing．你别期待他能做这样的事。
【串记】As expected, the expectation that her mother expected her to be a key university’s student has come true. 正如所料，她妈妈期望她成为重点大学学生的愿望实现了。
258.expense /ɪk'spens; ek-/ n. 消费；支出，费用；
代价(同cost)
【拓展】
at the expense of(at sb.’s expense)以……为代价，以……为牺牲，使遭受损失(麻烦)，牺牲
spare no expense不惜花费，不计代价
living(traveling)expenses生活费(旅费)
cut down on expenses缩减开支
at one’s own expense自费
free of expense免费
the public expense公费
expensive a. 昂贵的；花钱的(反inexpensive, cheap)
【例句】The inventor succeeded at the expense of his health. 这个发明家牺牲了自己的健康才获得成功。
【串记】The designer is at the expense of saving her living expenses to buy some expensive cosmetics. 这位设计师以牺牲生活费为代价来买了些很昂贵的化妆品。
259. experience /ɪkˈspɪərɪəns/ n. & v. [U] 经验，实践；[C]经历，体验；遭受
【拓展】
(1)experience in/of在……方面的经验
by/from experience    通过经验，从经验中
in/from one's experience      根据某人的经验看
(2)experienced adj.      有经验的；熟练的
be experienced in      在……方面有经验
【例句】① Our English teacher has twenty years' experience in teaching. 我们的英语老师有20年的教学经验。
② From/In my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money, and time.根据我的经验看，人们不经常做饭主要有三个原因：能力、金钱和时间。
③At the mention of this, I can't help calling up what I experienced when I began my senior school. 提到这件事，我禁不住想到开始上高中时所经历的事情。
【串记】The experienced teachers always make their students experience different classes. 有经验的老师总会让他们的学生体验到别样的课堂。
260. explain /ɪk'spleɪn/ vt. 解释，说明
【拓展】
(1)explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释……
explain oneself说明自己的意思；为自己的行为辩解
(2)explanation n.解释；说明
in explanation of作为对……的解释或辩解
【例句】①What is your explanation for being late? 你对迟到有什么解释？
②Could you explain yourself a bit more? 你能再解释一下吗？
③Have you anything to say in explanation of your conduct? 你有什么要解释你的行为吗？
【点津】explain后不接双宾语，若语义上需要此类结构，可用explain sth. to sb. 结构。类似不接双宾语的动词还有：describe，say，report，announce，suggest，mention，express等。
【串记】Your teacher expects you to give a better explanation when you are explaining the exercise. 当你在解释这道题时，你的老师希望你做出更好的解释。

【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1.The hotel near the sea provides           (entertain) for tourists.
2.All the travelers should live an                (environment) friendly life.
3.The educator should have a positive          (expect) of his or her students.
4.Every student wants to find an            (experience) teacher to teach them.
5.An accident occurred at the          (enter) to the post office.
6.Some foreign companies don’t treat men and women           (equal).
7.You might as well give us a good          (explain)for what you did.
8.Would you please explain this exercise ___ _  us clearly?
9.The arguer would call it an         (exist) instead of a life.
10.Do your parents care about the          (examine) result?
二、单句改错。
1. There is some evidences that little a small amount of alcohol is good for you.
2.After examined the evidence, I find the truth, as expected.
3.Our teacher suggests we could follow his example and start to memorize 20 words per day.
4.There are three students coming late. That is to say, there are two students who are late except Tom.
5.The pupil’s composition is quite good except some spelling mistakes.
6.Children are exciting on the eve of Christmas because they will get some gifts.
7.Our company imported an equipment from Britain, which we must learn how to operate.
8.The environment damage caused by the chemistry industry is becoming more and more severe .
9.The Chinese teacher often takes my essays for examples, which makes me very excited.
10. The new employee can be equally to the job arranged by the employer.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1.                 (毫无疑问)every pupil can pass the examination.
2.                        (令我兴奋的是), I found enough evidence.
3. You’d better              (做出解释) why you don’t attend school these days.
4.                        (做早操) can make you full of energy all day.
5. Bill went on a trip to Europe                        (由...付费).

四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 那个房间装修得很漂亮。即便如此，我也不愿意住在里面。（even so）
                                                                                       
1.作为一名班主任，我有责任为学生树立好榜样。(set an example to)
                                                                                       
2.自从我到这所学校来以后就一直待在这儿。(ever since)
                                                                                       
3.我的侄儿总是为他的没完成作业找借口.(make an excuse)
                                                                                       
4.由于缺乏经验，这位冒险者面试失败了。(lack of experience)


【答案】
一、语法填空。
1.entertainment  2. environmentally  3. expectation  4. experienced  5. entrance   6. equally          7. explanation  8. to  9. existence  10. examination
二、单句改错。
1.evidences→evidence 2.  examined→ examining  3. could→should或去掉could  4.  except →besides  5. 在except后面加for   6. exciting→excited  7.去掉an  8. environment →environmental   9. examples→example  10. equally→equal
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. Without exception  2. To my excitement  3. explain yourself  4. Doing morning exercises  5. at the company’s expense
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1.That room is well-decorated. Even so, I don’t want to live in it.
2. It’s my duty as a headmaster to set an example to the students.
3. I have been staying there ever since I came to this school.
4. My nephew is always making up an excuse for not finishing his homework.
5. The adventurer failed the interview because of lack of experience.

高考英语核心词汇拓展  Day 14

261. expose /ɪk'spəʊz; ek-/ vt. 暴/显/揭露；使面临，使处于……的影响之下
【拓展】
expose sb's true colours 揭露某人的真面目
expose as 揭露…是
expose for 陈列出来
expose oneself in public 抛头露面
expose to 使暴露于,使遭受
exposure n. 暴露；曝光；揭露；陈列
【例句】When you expose them, you must think of the outcome. 当你暴露他们时，你就必须想到后果。
【串记】The company feared the exposure of its
faults, but their products should be exposed to the public.公司害怕揭露它的毛病,但他们的产品必须要曝光。
262. express /ɪk'spres; ek-/ vt. 表达；表示；n. 特快列车，特快专递；a. 特快的；快递的
【拓展】
express as表示为……，以……形式表现出来
express from 从…中榨〔挤出〕
express in 用…表示〔表达〕
expression n. 表达/示；表情，神色；措辞，语句
expressive a. 富有表情的，有表达/现力的
【例句】He expressed his thoughts in clear and fitting language．他用明白恰当的言语表达他的思想。
【串记】The director expressed himself by using his expressive expression. 导演用他富有表现力的表情来表达他自己。
263. face /feɪs/ n. 脸；表面；vt. 面向/朝；面对/临
【拓展】
(1)be faced with面临，面对
face up to      勇敢面对
(2)make a face  做鬼脸
face to face      面对面
in (the) face of 面对；在……面前
lose one's face 丢脸
to sb．'s face当着……人面
facial a. 面部的，表面的；脸的，面部用的
【例句】①France is Europe's third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel.法国是欧洲第三大国家，隔英吉利海峡与英国遥相对望。
②I suggest we should communicate with our friends face_to_face instead of sending text messages so that we can maintain our friendship.
我建议我们应该和朋友面对面交流而不是发送信息，这样才能保持友谊。
③He showed great courage in_(the)_face_of danger. 面对危险，他表现出了巨大的勇气。
④He won't face_up_to_the_fact that he is too old for the job. 他年龄太大不适合这项工作，但却不愿面对这个事实。
【串记】In the face of difficulty, we should face up to it instead of making a face  face-to-face. 面对困难时，我们应该勇敢地面对它，而不是面对面地做鬼脸。
264. fact /fækt/ n. 事实；实际；真相
【拓展】
in fact事实上，其实
as matter of fact事实上，其实
in point of fact事实上，实际上
matter of fact实际情况，真相
factual a. 事实的; 真实的
【例句】The fact is that you made so many mistakes.事实是你犯了这么多错误。
【串记】 As a matter of fact, the book is full of factual knowledge. 事实上， 这本书满是事实性知识。
265. fail /feɪl/ v. 失败，不/未能(反succeed)；不及格(反pass)；衰退；出故障，失灵；使失望
【拓展】
(1)fail to do...未能做……
fail in...在……失败
(2)failure n.衰退，衰竭；失败；故障；失败的人(事)
end in failure以失败告终
heart failure心脏衰竭
【例句】①She never fails to write me every week. 她永不忘记每周给我写信。
②We were confused by his failure to answer the letter. 他没能回答这封信，我们很困惑。
易错点拨
(1)failure表示抽象意义的“失败”时，不可数；表示具体意义的“失败的人或事”时，则可数。
(2)failure后可接不定式作定语，但不接of doing...。
【串记】Failure of one causes all to fail. 一个的失败导致所有的失败。
266. fair /feə/ a. 公平的，合理的(反unfair)；a. (肤色)白皙的；（人）白肤金发的；n. 集市；庙会；展览会
【拓展】
fairly ad. 相当地；公平地；简直
fairy n. 仙女，小精灵；漂亮姑娘
【例句】 I don’t think that is quite fair. 我认为那是相当不公平的。
【串记】The judges should treat the fair fairy fairly. 裁判们应当公平地对待那个皮肤白皙的小仙女。
267. fall /fɔːl/ n.（美）秋季(同 autumn)；n. & vi. 倒/落(下）；下降(同drop，decrease; 反rise, increase)；沦陷，衰亡
【拓展】
fall ill/asleep 生病/入睡
fall behind拖欠；落在后面
fall down 跌倒；失败；倒塌
fall for迷恋；信以为真
fall in love with爱上
fall off 减少；跌落；下降；离开；衰退
fall over 被绊倒
【例句】Please get up immediately you fall down. 跌倒后马上爬起来。
【串记】If you fall for a girl in fall, maybe you will fall in love with her. In that case, you’ll fall behind in study and fall ill when she refuses you. 如果你秋天迷恋上一个女孩，那可能是你爱上了她。如果那样的话，你在学习上可能要落后，她拒绝你后，你可能还要生病。
268. familiar /fə'mɪlɪə/ a. 熟悉的  
【拓展】
sb. be familiar with...某人对……熟悉
...be familiar to sb. ……为某人熟悉
familiarity n. 熟悉，精通；亲密；随便
【例句】①You seem to be familiar with this city. 你似乎对这个城市很熟悉。
②Is the computer software they use familiar to you? 他们使用的计算机软件是否熟悉？
【串记】The traverller is familiar with you but he doesn’t trust you, which means that familiarity doesn’t necessarily imply deep friendship. 这位旅行者熟悉你但不信任你，意思时熟悉并不一定意味着深厚的友谊。
269. famous /'feɪməs/ a. 著/出名的(同well-known)
【拓展】
be famous among 在…中享有盛名
be famous as 以…著称;作为…而出名
be famous for 因…而闻名
famous throughout the world 世界闻名
fame n. 名声/望/气vt．使……闻名，使有名望
be famed for以……闻名
be famed as以……闻名
come to fame成名
【例句】①The area is famous as a green tea producing place.这个地区作为绿茶的产地而出名。
②France is famous for its fine food and wine.法国以它的美酒和佳肴闻名于世。
【串记】Our hometown’s fame spreads far, because it is famous for many fruits and it is famous as a land of flowers. 我们家乡的声名远扬，因为盛产很多水果而著名，它也作为鲜花之乡而出名。
270.far /fɑː/ (farther/further, farthest/furthest) a.& ad. 远(的)；(程度)得多，远远
【拓展】
as/so far as 到…那么远，远至；(表示程度或范围)就…，尽…，至于
as/so far as I know/c an remember/see就我所知道/记得/明白
by far …得多（与比较级或最高级连用）
far from ad. 远离；远非；完全不
go as/so far as to do sth. 竟然做某事
so far 到目前为止，迄今为止
【例句】①The most obvious goal of a college education is to give knowledge, but it is far from the most important.大学教育最显著的目标是授予知识，但这远不是最重要的。
②Far from helping the situation, you have just made it worse.你非但对情况没有帮助，反而使它更糟糕了。
③Beijing is far away from our hometown. 北京离我们的家乡很远。
【串记】As far as I know, we have finished the days far from homework so far. 就我所知，到目前为止，没有家庭作业的日子一去不复返了。
【辨析】far, distant, remote
far普通用词，常指空间上的远距离，间或也指时间上的距离；除此之外还可指程度上的“远”; distant指时间上、空间上的遥远,也可指亲属关系上的疏远;当指极大的距离时用distant，不用far。
remote指时间或距离上是遥远的,也指在感情、兴趣等方面距离很大的,还含有孤独、偏僻．有时也指时间的遥远，另有“遥控”意义。
271. fault /fɔːlt; fɒlt/ n. 缺点，毛病；责任，过错
【拓展】
(be)at fault有毛病(错误、故障)
find fault(with)找……的岔子，挑剔，对……吹毛求疵
to a fault过分，过度
overlook sb．’s fault忽视某人的过错
faultless a. 完美的；无缺点的
faulty (多指机器、仪器等)有毛病的，不合格的；有缺点的，不完善的
【例句】His only fault is that he lacks ambition．他惟一的缺点是没有雄心壮志。
【串记】Don't find fault with the faultless girl. 不要挑剔这个完美的女孩了。
272. favour /'feɪvə/ (美favor) n. 恩惠；好意；帮助；支持，赞同；vt. 较喜欢
【拓展】
(1)ask sb.a favour ＝ ask a favour of sb.
请某人帮忙
do a favour for sb. ＝ do sb.a favour
给某人以恩惠；帮助某人
in one's favour      有利于某人
in favour of      支持；赞同；有利于
(2)favourable adj.      赞同的；有利的
favourite adj.& n.      特别喜爱的(东西)
fortune's favo(u)rite幸运儿
【例句】①Most of the teachers are in favour of the new teaching method.大部分老师都赞同这种新的教学法。
②Even though we have some trouble right now, I think the final result will be in our favour.即使现在还有些问题，我想最后结果还是会对我们有利的。
③Could you do me a favour and turn off that light? 你能帮我个忙，关掉那盏灯吗？
【串记】Would you please do me a favour to be in favour of my favourite performance that is in my
favour? 你能帮我个忙去支持一下对我有利的我最喜欢的节目？
273. fear /fɪə/ n. & v. 害怕；恐惧；担忧
【拓展】
fear to do sth.害怕做某事
for fear of(doing)(for fear that或lest)惟恐，以免
in fear of害怕，为……担忧
fearful a. 可怕的；担心的；严重的
fearless a. 不怕的；无畏的；大胆的
【例句】①Don't fear to tell the truth.不要害怕说出真实情况。
②He put on his coat for fear that he(should)catch cold．他穿上外衣，以免着凉。
【串记】As a fearless soldier, there is nothing fearful to fear. 作为一名无畏的士兵，没什么好怕的事情去担心。
【点津】1.在口语中常用be afraid来代替fear，fear较正式。2．for fear that后的从句应用虚拟语气，谓语用(should+)动词原形。
274.feed /fiːd/ (fed，fed) vt. 喂食；饲养；养活；进食
【拓展】
feed on以……为食
feed...on...用……喂……
feed...with...供给……，提供……
feed＋食物＋to...用某物喂养……
be fed up with 对…感到厌烦
feedback n. 反馈；成果，资料；回复
【例句】①Owls feed on mice and other small animals. 猫头鹰以老鼠和其他小动物为食。
②Please feed some grass to the cow. 请给奶牛喂些草。
③She is fed up with his lies，so she won’t believe in him any longer. 她受够了他的谎言，所以她不再相信他了。
【串记】Our designer is fed up with the result that you fed back yesterday. 我们的经理对你们昨天反馈回来的结果感到厌烦。
275. feel /fiːl/ 触，摸；link v. 摸起来; 感到，感受到；觉得，认为
【拓展】
feel about(for)摸索着寻找
feel at home在家中般轻松自在
feel it (to be) …to do sth. 觉得做某事
feel like doing sth. 想要做某事，愿意做某事
feel one's way用手摸索前进
feel out试探出，摸清
feel up to 觉得能担当(胜任)
feeling n. 感觉/觉；感情，情绪；同情
feelings n.感觉；情感；意见(feeling的复数)
【例句】①He feels very happy at the news．听到这消息他非常高兴。
②I feel it my duty to do so．我认为这样做是我的责任。
【串记】At my uncle’s, I feel at home, because I feel quite myself and I feel like doing my favourite thing.在我叔叔家，我感觉很自在，因为我感觉很好，并且可以做我最想做的事情。
foot [fʊt] n. 脚；英尺；最底部
【拓展】
at the foot of 在…下部,在…脚下
beyond a few feet 数英尺以外
from head to foot 从头到脚
on foot 步行,在进行中
jump/leap to one's feet跳起来
rise to one's feet        站起身
struggle to one's feet      挣扎着站起来
stand on one's own feet      自立，经济上独立
set foot on/in      进入，踏上
【例句】①I saw two boys rising to their feet at the same time to answer the question. 我看见两个男孩正同时站起来回答问题。
②The man struggled to his feet and went on walking forward. 那个人费劲地站起来继续向前走去。
③The overseas Chinese are very glad to set foot on their homeland. 华侨们非常高兴地踏上祖国的土地。
276. fight /faɪt/ (fought，fought) n.& v. (与……)打仗/架；争论，抵制，与……作斗争
【拓展】
fight for为……而战斗(斗争)
fight against为反对……而斗争
fight with与……(一起)作战
fighter n. 战士，斗争者；斗士；奋斗者；好战者
fighting v. 打架/仗；争论；奋力灭火（fight 的现在分词）；a. 战斗的；好战的；n. 战斗
【例句】They are fighting for freedom and independence.他们正在为自由和独立而战争。
【串记】During the fighting, the fighters fought for the freedom against the enemies. 在战争中，是战士们为了自由同敌人展开作战。
277. figure /'fɪgə/ 数字，算数；体形，身材/影；人物/士；画/塑像；图表；计算；认为，估计
【拓展】
keep one's figure保持身材
figure in      把……列入计算/考虑范围
figure out      想出，理解；弄明白，看透
figure on      期待；指望；依赖
figure up把……总加起来，计算
【例句】①How does the beauty keep her figure? 这位美女是怎样保持身材的？
②I can't figure out what it is that makes him so depressed recently.我捉摸不透最近什么事让他情绪这么低落。
【串记】I couldn't figure out how she managed to keep her figure. She told me she figured on the daily exercise. She figured that exercise was the best way to lose weight. 我不明白她是怎么保持身材的。她告诉我她每天都在锻炼。她认为运动是减肥的最好方法。
278. fill /fɪl/ vt. 填充，装/充满
【拓展】
(1)be filled with充满着……
fill in/out填写
fill...with...用……填……
fill up填满
(2)be full of装满……
to the full充分地
in full完全地；完整地
【例句】①Those who apply for the position are expected to fill in/out the application form. 申请该职位的人应填写申请表。
②He enjoyed life to the full.他尽情地享受生活。
【串记】Please fill in the blank with different parts of speech of “fill” to fill up the list. 请用不同的“fill”的词性来填满这张清单上的空白处。
【辨析】be filled with“充满，装满”，强调外界因素，着重行为的过程和结果，be full of也有此意，但着重表示“满”的状态。
279. find /faɪnd/ (found, found) (意外)发现，找到；认为，发觉；发现物
【拓展】
find out 找出，查明; 发现，揭发
find sb./sth. doing/done/adj.发现某人/某事做/完成/ 处于……状态
find sb./sth. adj./n. to do 觉得某人/某事做起来……
find it adj./n. to do sth. 觉得某人/某事做起来……
finding n．(常复)发现，发现物，调查(或研究)的结果
【例句】①Can you find food and lodging for my friend?你能为我朋友提供食宿吗?
②She found(that)no one could answer the question．她发现没有人能回答这个问题。
【串记】Our manager finds it difficult to find so many findings in such a short time. 我们的经理觉得很难在这么短的时间内找到这么多的调查结果。
280. fine /faɪn/ a. 细的；晴朗的；美好的；(身体)健康的；ad. 很好；n. & v. 罚款
【例句】My secretary feels fine today. 我的秘书今天感觉很好。
【串记】The traveller pretended to be fine although he was fined 200 yuan because of over-speed. 尽管这位旅行者因超速被罚200元，他还是假装很好。
【点津】 “晴天”在口语中可用fine，fair，nice，clear up。其中fine为最常用语，fair常用于天气预报中．The weatherman says it’s going to be fair today．天气预报说今天将是晴天。clear up用于天气转晴，放晴。

【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. The employee must work hard at his work because he doesn’t want to be a      (fail).
2. The majority of the students feel       (nerve) before the final examination.
3. The girls are fed up      the behaviour of the naughty boy in class.
4. The predictor is in favour of your constructive       (suggest).
5. As far as I am        (concern), it will take me 4 hours to finish today’s homework.
6. It being fine today, the travellers feel like        (travel)with their colleagues.
7. Stop       (find) fault with everything the performers do!
8. The discoverer is familiar with the Canadian who can speak Chinese        (fair) well.
9. Babies’ have great difficulty in          (express) themselves.
10. Tony       (fall) in love with his wife the first time he saw her at a party.
二、单句改错。
1. His mother said angrily “I have had enough” when he failed his test.
2. There is an evidence that the young student has figured out the problem assigned by the professor.
3. Having grown in the rural area, he is fairly familiar to the country life.
4. The inventor was having a face-to-face talk with a fame fighter at this time of yesterday.
5. I’d appreciate it if you could do something to my favour in the face of trouble.
6. Everyone easily feels tiring from doing what they are tired of.
7. As matter of fact, the employees have just signed an agreement with the company.
8. The slow learners had some difficulty in finishing the task so far.
9. The girl’s eyes were filled of fear and tears in the face of the danger.
10. Our physics teacher found him laugh all the time when we were having a dictation.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. I’d like you to                           (帮忙)to buy a ticket for me.
2. Our headmaster                    (对…熟悉)all the students in my class.
3. Can you              (理解)the puzzle put forward by the instructor?
4. The fashionable lady              (想要做)taking a photograph with her favourite star.
5. My parents are                     (支持)the plan that I will go on a trip to Hainan.

四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 青少年不能接触毒品, 因为他们容易上瘾。（be exposed to; be addicted to）
                                                                                                              
2. 填好表格，明天交上来。(fill in)
                                                                                            
3.新建的这条高速公路又直又平。(expressway)
                                                                                            
4.事实上，你的搭档在给雇主找茬。（in fact, find fault with）
                                                                                            
5.面临着困难，发现者们都是无畏的战士。( be faced with)
                                                                                          

【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. failure  2. nervous  3. with  4. suggestion  5. concerned  6. travelling  7. finding  8. fairly  9. expressing  10. fell
二、单句改错。
1. fails→failed  2. 去掉an 3. to→with  4. fame→famous  5.to→in  6. tiring→tired  7. matter 前面加a  8. had前面加have   9. of→with或filled→full  10. laugh→laughing
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. do me a favour  2. is familiar with  3. figure out  4. feels like   5. in favour of
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. Teenagers can’t be exposed to drugs because they are addicted to them easily.
2. Fill in the form and hand it in tomorrow.
3. The newly-built expressway is straight and smooth.
4. In fact, your partner is finding fault with the employer.
5. Faced with difficulty, the discoverers are fearless fighters.

高考英语核心词汇拓展 Day 15

281. finish /'fɪnɪʃ/ v. 结束；做完
【拓展】
the finishing line 终点线
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
finish off 结束，完成；毁灭；吃完
finished a. 完结的，完成的；精巧的
be finished with完成，做完
【例句】When do you finish your homework?你什么时候做完家庭作业?
【串记】When the athletes finished running to the finishing line, they were finished with all the training. 当运动员们冲向终点线时，他们就完成了所有的训练。
280.fire /'faɪə/ n. 火；火炉；火灾；vi. 开火，开
(枪,炮等)，射击；解雇(同dismiss)
【拓展】
catch fire着火
fight a fire救火
lay(或make)a fire生火
light(put out)a fire点(熄)火
on fire燃烧
play with fire玩火
set sth．on fire(或set fire to……)纵火烧
take fire着火
fireman/firefighter n. 消防队员
firework n. 烟火；(复数)激情(怒火、暴躁、紧张、热情等)表现
【例句】The firefighter rescued the old man from the fire. 消防队员从大火中救出了这位老人。
【串记】The flour-mill caught fire yesterday because some children played with fire nearby. Luckily, the firefighters put out the fire in time. 这家面粉厂昨天着火是因为几个孩子在附近玩火。幸好消防队员及时扑灭了火。
283. fit /fɪt/ a. 健康的，强健的；适合的；v.（使）适/符合；安装
【拓展】
keep/stay fit保持健康
be fit for  适合；胜任
be fit (for sb.) to do 适合(某人)做……
fit in (with)  (与……)相适应；(与……)相协调
fitness n. 健康；适当；适合性
【例句】①When it comes to the effect, it will help you to enhance the sense of keeping fit but it may cause you to be overly anxious.当谈到效果，它能够帮你增强健康意识，但是或许它会使你过度焦虑。
②That bottle of milk is not fit to drink because it is out of date. 因为过期，那瓶牛奶不适合饮用了。
③Larry doesn't seem to fit in with other children. 拉里好像和别的孩子相处得不融洽。
【串记】If all of you keep fit, you can be fit for the job. 如果你们大家身体健康，你们就能胜任这工作。
【辨析】fit/suit/match
fit    “适合”，指大小、尺寸、形状等合适，引申为“吻合，协调”
suit    “适合”，多指衣服颜色、样式适合某人，还可指合乎需要、口味、地位、条件等。另外，用于比喻意义时多用suit
match    “和……匹配，适合”，多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配
284. fix /fɪks/ vt. 安装，固定；修理；确/决定
【拓展】
fix one’s eyes on/upon注视；凝视
fix one’s attention on/upon集中注意力于
keep one’s eyes fixed on注视着
fix on选定；确定
fixed a. 确/固定的；固执的
fixture n. 设备；固定装置
【例句】①The students were sitting in the classroom and their eyes were fixed on the teachers. 学生们坐在教室里，眼睛盯着老师。
②We’d better fix on a date for the meeting.我们最好确定一个开会的日子。
【联想】表示“专注于，专心于”的其他短语：
concentrate on，focus on，put one’s heart into，be buried in，abandon oneself to，be lost in，be absorbed in，be devoted to等。
【串记】When the fixture is ready, the inventor fixes his attention on the machine that he will fix up. 当固定装置准备好之后，这位发明家把注意力集中在他将要修理的机器上。
285. focus /'fəʊkəs/ n. 焦点；v. 集中
【拓展】
(1)the focus of attention/concern/argument注意力/关注/争论的焦点
bring/throw ... into focus使……成为关注的焦点
(2)focus one's attention/eyes/energy/mind on集中某人的注意力/目光/精力/思想于
focus on/upon 集中于
focused a. 聚焦的；专心的
【例句】①If you are going to follow someone, focus on/upon his/her talent, not his/her bad character or unacceptable behavior.如果你想模仿某人，要关注他或她的才华，而不是他或她不好的性格或让人无法接受的行为习惯。
②With so many people focusing their eyes on him, he felt very nervous. 有那么多人在盯着自己，他感到很紧张。
③Health and environmental problems have become increasingly the focus of attention.健康和环境问题日益成为关注的焦点。
【串记】The politicians should focus their attention on the focuses. 政治家们应当集中精力在焦点问题上。
286. follow /'fɒləʊ/ vt. 跟随；沿着；仿效；听从；跟得上，听清，领会(同catch)
【拓展】
as follows如下
follow in one's steps效法某人，步某人之后尘
follow one’s example以……为榜样，仿效某人follow through贯彻到底，全部实现
It follows that由此可见，因此……是必然的结果
follower n. 追随者；信徒；属下
following a. 其次的，接着的；下面的
形近词：fellow n. （非正式）男人，男孩，家伙；男朋友；同事，朋友
【例句】Follow me and I’ll give you the information you need. 跟我来，我就给你需要的信息。
【串记】 Please follow your idol’ example because he has the followers as follows. 请以你的偶像为榜样，因为他有如下这些追随者。
287. fool /fuːl/ n. 傻子，笨蛋；v. 愚弄，欺骗
【拓展】
make a fool of sb. 愚弄/欺骗某人
make a fool of oneself 出丑，出洋相
play for a fool把…当成傻瓜
fool sb. into doing sth. 愚弄/欺骗某人做某事
fool with摆弄,玩弄
foolish a. 愚蠢的；傻的
foolishly ad. 愚笨地；无聊地；可笑地
【例句】①I'm very surprised that he should be fooled by such a trick.我非常吃惊他竟然被这样的伎俩所愚弄。
②I was fooled into believing their promises.
我受了骗，相信了他们的承诺。
【串记】Fool, when you are making a fool of others, you are making a fool of yourself. 傻瓜，当你在愚弄别人时你也在出洋相。
【辨析】foolish，silly和stupid
foolish指无头脑，又缺乏常识，用于人时指可笑的，不谨慎的，用于行动时，指愚蠢的，考虑不周的。silly指极端显著的愚笨和低能，语气较强，有时只指不严肃认真，没有头脑。stupid语气很强，常用于生气或责骂，用于人的性格时指智力很差，反应迟钝。
288. forbid /fə'bɪd/ (forbade，forbidden) vt. 禁止，不许
【拓展】
forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
forbid (sb./sb’s) doing sth. 禁止(某人)做某事
(2)forbidden adj.      被禁止的；禁用的
【例句】①We should take measures to forbid returning illegal cooking oil to dinner tables.
我们应采取措施禁止地沟油回流餐桌。
②The heavy rain forbade us to go out.大雨阻止我们外出。
【串记】All the teachers forbid their students to copy others’ homework. 所有的老师禁止学生抄作业。
289. force /fɔːs/ vt. 强迫，迫使；n. 力(量)；武/暴力；部/军队；效力
【拓展】
force sb. to do sth./into doing sth. 强迫某人做某事
force one's way 挤过人群
force one's opinion on sb 把自己的观点强加于某人
come into force 生效，开始实施（=take effect）
by force 用武力，强制地
【例句】If any one of you wants to succeed, force yourself to do more. 如果你们中的任何人想要成功，就要强迫自己多做点。
【串记】Since the law came into force, nobody could take the land away by force and force us to pay taxes.自从这条法律生效以来，没人能用武力夺走我们的土地也不能强迫我们交税了。
290. forget /fə'get/ (forgot，forgotten) v. 忘记；忘掉
【拓展】
forget about记不得，没记住
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
forget it不必在意；休想
forget oneself in 沉浸于，失去知觉，忘乎所以
forgetful a. 健忘的；不注意的；疏忽的
unforgettable a. 难忘的
【例句】①He has forgotten to visit the Great Wall．他忘了去游览长城。(没有去长城)
②He will never forget visiting the Great Wall in his life．他将终生难忘游览长城这件事。(已去过长城了)
【串记】Your secretary is so forgetful that she forgets to do the thing that will be unforgettable. 你的秘书太健忘了，以至于都忘了去做这件将难忘的事情了。
291. forgive /fə'gɪv/ (forgave，forgiven) vt. 原谅，宽恕
【拓展】
forgive sb．for doing sth.原谅（饶恕）某人做某事
forgive and forget不念旧恶,不记某人的仇
【例句】①If he is really repentant, we should forgive him.如果他真心悔过，我们就应该原谅他。
②I'll never forgive you for what you said to me last night．我永远不会原谅你昨晚给我说的话。
【串记】I shall never forgive myself for failing to help you when you were in danger.在你遭遇危险的时候,我未能及时帮助你,这是我永远不能饶恕自己的过失。
292. form /fɔːm/ n. 表格；形式；结构；v. 形/构/组成
【拓展】
in the form of以…的形式
take the form of 采取…的形式
fill in(out) a form 填写表格
form the habit of 养成……的习惯
formation n. 形成；构造；编队
formal a. 正式的；拘谨的；有条理的(反informal)
format n. 格式；版式；开本
former n．形成者，构成者，模型；a. 从前的，前者的；前任的
formless a．无形的，零乱的
【例句】①Every applicant must fill in three forms．每个申请人必须填写3份表格。
②He formed the habit of taking notes while reading．他养成了读书记笔记的习惯。
【串记】The former format is in the form of forms, which is informal. 从前的格式是以表格形式出现了，这是不正式的。
293. fortune /'fɔːtʃuːn; -tʃ(ə)n/ n. 财富；命运；运气
【拓展】
by good fortune幸运地
come into a fortune继承财产
make a fortune发财，赚大钱
seek one’s fortune寻找发迹的机会；寻出路
tell one's fortune算某人的命
try one's fortune碰碰运气
fortunate a. 幸运的；侥幸的(同lucky,反unfortunate)
fortunatelyadv.幸运地(反unfortunately)
【例句】Everyone is the master of his own fortune.  每个人都是他自己命运的主人。
【串记】It was fortunate of them to make a fortune by trading with foreigners. And more fortunately for them, they were supported by the government. 他们很幸运，通过与外国人交易而发了财。更幸运的是，他们得到了政府的支持。
294. free /friː/ a. 自由的；空闲的；免费的；ad. 免费地；v. 释放，免除
【拓展】
for free 免费
free from 使摆脱；免于；解放
free of 无…的；摆脱…的；在…外面
make free with随意使用
set…free 释放；使获得自由
freely ad. 自由地
freedom n. 自由，自主；直率
【例句】①He made free with all his girl-friend's money.他随便花女朋友的钱。
②The doctor will be free in ten minutes' time; can you wait that long? 医生再过十分钟就有空了,你能等那么长时间吗?
【串记】The students are set free in summer holiday and live a free life free of much homework; mean-
while, they can see movies freely while drinking juice for free. 学生们在暑假就解放了，他们过着没有太多家庭作业的自由生活；同时还可以边看电影边喝着免费果汁。
295. freeze /friːz/ (froze, frozen) v. 结冰；冻僵/住；冷冻/藏；停住不动
【拓展】
freezer n. 冰箱；冷冻库；制冷工
freezing a. 冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的；n. 冰点
frozen a. 冻结的；冷酷的
【例句】We ate some of the fruits and froze the rest.我们吃了一些水果，把剩下的冷藏起来。
【串记】Many foods are frozen below freezing in the freezer. 很多品种的食物在冰箱里冰点以下就被冻结。
296. fresh /freʃ/ a. 新的；新鲜的；清新的；(水)淡的；精力充沛的；无经验的
【拓展】
break fresh ground开辟新天地，着手新事业
make a fresh start卷土重来(重新出发)
fresh air(fruit，vegetable)新鲜空气(水果、蔬菜)
fresh water淡水
freshman n. 新生/手；大学一年级新生
freshen v．使新鲜；使精神饱满，使有生气
【例句】The firefighters went out for some fresh air.  消防队员们出去呼吸了一些新鲜空气。
【串记】As freshmen, we need some refreshment to refresh ourselves to be refreshed. 作为大一新生，我们需要点提神的东西来使我们振奋起来。
297. frighten /'fraɪt(ə)n/ vt. 使惊恐，吓唬
【拓展】
(1)frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事
frighten sb. to death      把某人吓得要死
frighten … away/off      吓走/跑……
(2)frightening adj.      令人恐惧的；可怕的
frightened adj.      害怕的；受到惊吓的
be frightened at听(看)到……而吃惊
be frightened of      害怕……
(3)fright n.      恐惧；害怕
with fright      害怕地
frightful a. 可怕的；惊人的
【例句】①The man frightened the old lady into signing the paper last week. 那人上周吓得老太太在文件上签了字。
②It is frightening even to think of the horrors of nuclear war. 想到核战争的恐怖，甚至令人恐惧。
③They frightened the bird away/off by rising to their feet suddenly. 他们突然站起来，把鸟吓跑了。
④The frightened man sounded as if he was dying of fright.这个受到惊吓的人听起来好像快要吓死了。
【串记】Mary was too frightened to tell her family the frightening scene because it almost frightened her to death. Whenever she thought of it, she would tremble with fright．玛丽吓得不敢告诉家人那可怕的一幕，因为它几乎把她吓死了。每当她想到它，她会颤抖与恐惧。
298. front /frʌnt/ 前面/部；正面；前线/线；前面/部的
in front of 在…(外部的)前面
in the front of在…(内部的)前面，在前部
frontier n. 前沿；边界；国境 a. 边界的；开拓的
【例句】A freshman stands in front of me. 一个新生站在我面前。
【串记】I sit in front of Mary, and both of us sit in the front of the classroom where we can see the frontier of the blackboard clearly. 我坐在Mary前面，我们两个都坐在教室前部，在那儿我们可以清楚地看到黑板的边界。
299. fun /fʌn/ n. 有趣的事，娱乐，玩笑
【拓展】
have fun 玩得开心(＝have a good time/enjoy oneself)
have fun with sb.和某人玩得开心
have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心
make fun of      取笑；嘲弄；开……的玩笑
for fun      为了好玩
What fun!      (听起来)多有趣啊！
funny adj. 有趣的; 滑稽的; 奇异的
【例句】①The article made fun of various people and things in Boston. 这篇文章取笑波士顿的各种人和事情。
②The children always have fun playing building blocks. 孩子们总是玩积木玩得很开心。
【点津】fun表示“乐趣，玩笑”是不可数名词，前面不能用冠词a，但可用great, much, a lot of等对其进行修饰。
【串记】Don’t make fun of others for fun，no matter how funny you think. 无论你认为多么有趣，不要闹着玩地取笑别人。
furnish ['fɜːnɪʃ] v．为(房屋或房间)配备家具；提供，供应
【拓展】
(1)furnish ...with ... 用……装备……；给……提供/供应
furnish ...to/for ...      为……提供……
be furnished with ...      备有……，安装有……
(2)furniture n.      家具(不可数名词)
a piece/an article of furniture      一件家具
a suit of furniture      一套家具
【例句】①We came into his house and found it was only furnished_with a table, two chairs and a bed.
我们进入他的房间，发现里面只布置了一张桌子、两把椅子和一张床。
②They were kind enough to furnish food and shelter for/to the refugees.
他们非常好心地为难民提供食宿。
[联想发散]　与furnish ... with ...同义的短语还有：equip ...with ..., fit up ... with ...等。
【串记】The room was furnished with a cupboard and some old furniture.房间里有一个碗柜和几件旧家具
300. gain /geɪn/ n.& v. 收获；获利；增加(反lose/loss)
【拓展】
gain by 从…中获得利益
gain from 在…收获,从…中获益
gain in 增加,增进,积累,获得,在…方面增进
gain weight体重增加，长胖
【例句】①You will gain experience if nothing more in that job.如果这个工作没什么突出的,你至少可以获得经验。
②No pain, no gain. 一分耕耘，一分收获。
③The clock on my computer gains a minute every day.我电脑上的时间每天快一分钟。
【点津】gain作“盈利”解时是不可数名词,表示抽象意义。gain表示具体的数量、力量等的“增加,增进”“利润”时是可数名词,常可用复数形式。
【串记】If you take in too much fat, you will gain nothing but weight. 如果你摄入太多脂肪，除了体重增加外你啥好处都没有。

【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. Thank you for giving me an           (forget) memory in your hometown.
2.            (fortunate), everyone escaped from the big fire without getting badly hurt.
3. One of the employees         (fire) by the company for stealing.
4. Most of the students enjoy wearing         (formal)dress at home and school.
5. Any of you can’t use the money earned by your parents        (free).
6. Please go on a healthy diet, or else you will gain        (weigh) sooner or later.
7. You all are fit after the body-examination, which means you are free      any disease.
8. Students           (forbid) to wear slippers to go to school at any time.
9. Pupils will feel        (refresh) in the afternoon if they take a good nap at noon.
10. The rule that we students are required to wear school uniform daily must          (follow).
二、单句改错。
1. The children are frightening to see a big frightful snake lying on the road.
2. There stands a big old tree in the front of the classroom, with some apples on it.
3.How fun it is to play with fire! But it is a bit too dangerous and must be forbidden.
4. The dress is too large. There is no doubt that it doesn’t suit me at all.
5.The thief is forbidden to taking a plane because of his dishonesty.
6. Our biology teacher feels fortune having so many lovely students that she wants to teach us more.
7. Hearing the shots of guns, the runaways were frightened to die.
8. It is great fun to skate with my kids on the freezing lake in winter.
9. The distinguished guest was so excited at yesterday’s meeting that he forgot deliver a speech.
10. The handsome boy falls in love with the pretty girl and he keeps his eyes fixing on her for a long time.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. The company set us a good example, so the leader expected us to                 (以…为榜样).
2. A new law                   (生效) from July 1 and everyone should obey it.
3. Of the two questions,              (前者) is easy to answer while the latter is difficult.
4. Not everything can be solved               (用武力). Force should be avoided as much as possible.
5. A heavy rain               (吓跑) the visitors at the top of Mount E’mei.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 约翰的注意力一直集中在老师穿的新衣服上。（fix one’s attention on）
                                                                                            
2. 这个调皮的男孩在课堂上做鬼脸，出尽了洋相。(make a fool of oneself)
                                                                                            
3.禁止孩子单独跑到公路上去玩。（forbid sb. to do sth）
                                                                                            
4.最后离开教室的同学别忘了关灯哦。（forget to do sth.）
                                                                                            
5. 那个辞职到广东去做生意的人可能发财了。(make a fortune)
                                                                                          


【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. unforgettable  2. Fortunately  3. was fired  4. Informal  5. freely  6. weight  7. from  8. are forbidden   9. refreshed  10. be followed
二、单句改错。
1. frightening→frightened  2. 去掉第一个the  3. How→What  4. suit→fit  5.taking→take  6. fortune→fortunate  7. die→death  8. freezing→frozen  9. 在forgot后面加to  10. fixing→fixed
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. follow their example  2. comes into force  3. the former  4. by force  5. frightened away
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. John fixed his attention on the teacher’s new dress.
2. The naughty boy makes faces in class, making a fool of himself in the class.
3. Children are forbidden to play alone on the road.
4. The student who leaves the classroom last shouldn’t forget to switch off the lights.
5. The person who resigned to do business in Guangdong could have made a fortune by now.

高考英语核心词汇拓展 Day 16

301.(got,got/gotten) 得/收/挣到；取/带来；购买；患上；使，让；link v. 变得，成为
【拓展】
get sb./sth. done让某事被做；完成某事
get sb. to do sth.让某人去做某事
get about徘徊，走动  
get across度过，通过；说服
get along/on with与……相处
get around/round四处走走；逃避；流传
get at到达；暗示；发现   
get away离开；逃脱
get away from离开；逃脱；摆脱
get away with做(错事)而未被发觉/未受惩罚
get back取回；归还   
get by 通过；设法；被疏忽        
get down 咽下；写下；使沮丧；下降；
get down to doing sth. 开始做某事
get in进入，陷入；牵涉
get into进入；卷入
get off 送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动车
get on上车；穿上；进步；相处
get out 走开；把……弄出来；泄露
get over越过；恢复；克服
get through到达；完成；通过；合格
get to到达；开始；接触到
get together积累；商谈；取得一致意见
get up起床
get-together n.聚会
【例句】①He isn't good at talking but he gets on/along well with other people.他不善言辞，但是他与其他人相处得很好。
②Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing.公共交通为人们游览北京提供了低价位的出行方式。
③Luckily, he got through the exam and his efforts paid off.幸运的是，他通过了考试，他的努力有了好结果。
④A number of people are trying to get away from the noise and dirt in the city．很多人正在努力摆脱城市的喧嚣和灰尘。
【串记】It’ s quite easy to get around London. So, don’t worry, we’ll get along without you and we’ll try and get off straight after lunch.  Whatever, I’ ll talk to you when I get back. Actually, we need to get down to some serious talking. 伦敦出行很容易的，所以，你别担心，没有你我们也能应付，并且我们会在午饭后马上离开。不管怎样，我回来后再和你谈。事实上，我们也需要认真谈谈。
302. give /gɪv/ (gave, given) v./n. 给，给予，提供；赠送，授予；举办/行
【拓展】
give away 放弃；分发；泄露
give back 归还；反射；恢复  
give in 屈服；让步   
give off 发出；长出
give out 发出；公布；用尽   
give up 放弃；交出
given a. 特/指定的；prep. 考虑到  
given that 考虑到，如果
【例句】①The argument went on for hours because neither side would give in.因为双方都不肯让步，争论持续了几个小时。
②She gave the answer away accidentally.她无意中泄露了答案。
③He has refused to give out any information on the matter.他已拒绝发表有关此事的任何消息。
④You ought to give up smoking; I gave it up last year.你应该戒烟，我去年就戒掉了。
303. go /gəʊ/ v. & n. 走，去；去(从事)；运转，进展；消失，流逝；link v. 成为，变成
【拓展】
go about 着手做；四处走动
go after 追逐
go against 反对；违背
go ahead 前进；继续
go away 离开；走掉
go back to 回去；追溯到
go by 经过；过去
go down下降，沉默
go for 支持；赞成
go in for 喜欢；参加；赞成
go into 进入；加入；变得
go off 走开；爆炸
go on 继续；接下去
go out 出去；熄灭；离开；退休
go over 温习；检查；越过
go round/around 走来走去；四处走动
go through 审查；履行；通过；经历；忍受
go through with 完成，实行；把…进行到底
go to 转到；定位；去参加
go up 走；达到；运转；趋于
go with 伴随；与…相配；和交朋友
go without 没有…也行
go wrong 出毛病；弄错；发生故障
【例句】①Meat soon goes bad in hot weather if it isn't put in the fridge.
天热时，如果肉不放进冰箱，很容易变坏。
②He has gone through a lot of hardship and become stronger. 他经历了许多艰难困苦，变得坚强了。
③If you go in for a particular activity, you decide to do it as a hobby or interest. 如果你参加某项活动，你决定把它作为一种爱好或兴趣。
【串记】I used to go around with a bad crowd. Afterwards, I felt so sick with them and I just wanted to go back to bed. At the same time, I found that ignoring the crime problem won’t make it go away. When I grow up, I need to choose a job. I never really went in for study. So, So I chose to be a nurse. Actually, I always wanted to go into nursing. 我过去常和一群坏家伙混在一起。之后，我和他们在一起就不舒服，我只想回去睡觉。同时，我发现忽视犯罪问题并不能解决问题。当我长大了，我需要选择一份工作。我从未真正喜欢学习。所以，所以我选择了做一名护士。事实上，我一直想从事护理工作。
304. good /gʊd/ a. 好的，高质量的；好心的，善良的；有益的，合适的；擅长的；充足的；n. 好处，利益；善(行)
【拓展】
be good at (doing )sth.擅长…的
be good for有效，适用，胜任
It is no good doing sth. 做某事是没有用的
do good to 对…有益
make good偿付，实现。成功
goodbye int. 再见
goodness n. 善良，美德；仁慈
goods n. 商品；动产
【例句】It was good of you to help them．你真好，帮了他们的忙。
【串记】The quality of the goods is good because the boss has goodness. 这件商品质量这么好是因为老板很善良。
graduate vi.大学毕业；获得(学士)学位vt.向(毕业生)授予学位n.毕业生
(1)graduate from/at从……毕业
graduate in毕业于……专业
(2)graduation n.毕业
on graduation一毕业
It has been 20 years since we graduated from high school.我们高中毕业已经20年了。
【串记】He graduated in physics from/at Cambridge University. On graduation from college，she got a good job.他毕业于剑桥大学物理专业。他大学一毕业就找到了一份好工作。
305. grow /grəʊ/ (grew, grown) v. 生长；发育；扩大；种植；(逐渐)变成
【拓展】
grow up成长，长大
grow up to be  成长为
grow into  (渐渐)成长为
grow on sb.  使(某人)越来越喜爱
grow away from sb.逐渐疏远某人
grown-up a. 成熟的；n. 成年人
growth n. 增长；发展；生长；种植
【例句】①She is growing into a beautiful young woman.她渐渐出落成美丽的姑娘。
②She has nearly grown up and must soon be looking after herself.她已经长大了,不久就要自己照顾自己了。
【串记】You’ ve really grown since I last saw you, and you have grown into a man. 你比我上次见到时长了不少啊，已经长成一个大人了。
306. guard /gɑːd/ n. & v. 保/守卫，警卫/戒(人员)
【拓展】
off guard 不提防；不警惕
on guard 警惕；站岗
on (one's) guard against    戒备；防备
bodyguard n. 保镖
guardian n. 监护人；守护者
【例句】①When we go shopping, we should be on guard against pickpockets.当购物的时候， 我们应该提防扒手。
②Don't be off guard! You mustn't tell anything to him.不要放松警惕，你一定不要告诉他任何事情。
【串记】As a bodyguard, you should always be on guard. 作为一个保镖，你要随时保持警惕。
guarantee [ˌɡærən'tiː] vt.保证；担保；为……作担保；使……必然发生 n．保证(书)；担保(物)；抵押品；保修单
【拓展】
(1)guarantee to do sth.保证做某事
     保证某人得到某物
be guaranteed to do sth.      肯定会做某事
guarantee ... against/from ... 保证……免遭……
(2)give sb. a guarantee 给某人保证/承诺
under guarantee  在保修期内
【例句】①They guaranteed to look into the case at once.他们保证马上调查此案。
②Can you guarantee the watch to keep good time?你能保证这表走得准吗?
③ If you yell at him, he's guaranteed to_do (do) the opposite of what you want.如果你冲他大喊大叫，他肯定会跟你对着干。
④ Can you give_me_a_guarantee that the work will be finished on time? 你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？
307. guide /gaɪd/ n. 向导，导游者；指南，手册；v.指/引导
【拓展】
be guided by one's sense of duty 在责任感支配下。
be guideed by sth 以…为领导
guide sb in his studies 指导某人学习
guide sb to sth引到…
guidance n. 指导，引导；领导
guideline n. 指导方针
【例句】①Teachers should guide students toward a better mastery of the art of writing.老师应当指导学生们更好地掌握写作技巧。
②You must not be guided by your feelings.你绝不应让感情来支配你。
【串记】One needs guides and guidelines if we want to be successful. 一个人如果想要成功就需要有向导和指导方针
308. habit /'hæbɪt/ n. 习惯，习性
【拓展】
be in the habit of 有…的习惯
get out of/break/kick the habit of 改掉…的习惯
fall into/get into/develop/form the habit of 养成…的习惯
out of habit 出于习惯
habitat n. 住房；栖息地
【例句】Some grown-ups are in the habit of lying to my friends. 有些成年人对朋友撒谎的习惯。
【串记】I stay up late out of habit, but I'm trying to break the habit. 我熬夜是出于习惯，但是我正试图改掉这个习惯。
【辨析】habit, custom
这两个词都有“习惯,习俗,风俗”的意思。其区别是：custom指群体经过一段时期不断沿用而变成的习惯或惯例; habit指某个人反复地做某种动作,久而久之形成的自然习惯或习性,行动时不用思索。常指不好的习惯,而custom则常指良好的习惯。
309. hand /hænd/ n. 手；指针；人手；v. 帮助；递交
【拓展】
at hand在近处，在手边；即将到来
by hand用手，用体力
in hand在进行中，待办理；在掌握中
on hand在手边，在场，临时
on(the)one hand……on the other hand一方面……另一方面……
give / lend sb．a hand给予(某人)帮助
hand back交还
hand down把……传下去
hand in交上，交出
hand in hand手拉手，同时并进地，密切关联地
hand on依次，传递
hand off请勿动手，不许碰
hand out分发，发给
hand over交出，移交，让与
Hands up!举起手来!
clap one’s hands拍手
raise one’s hand举手
shake hands握手
wave one’s hand挥手
handbag n. 手提包
handful n. 少数；一把；
handkerchief n. 手帕；头巾，围巾
handle n. 把手；柄
handshake n. 握手
handsome a. 英俊的；可观的；大方的
handwriting n. 笔迹；书法/写；手稿
handy a. 有用的；便利的
【例句】①I would like a job which pays more, but on the other hand, I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment. 我想要一份报酬更多的工作，但另一方面，我喜欢我现在的工作。
②When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary at hand. 当他写作时，他总是手里拿着一本字典。
③People in different parts of the world should work hand in hand to fight against pollution. 世界不同地区的人们应该携手同场，与污染作斗争。
④Students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops. 在讲课时用手写笔记的学生比使用笔记本电脑的学生在考试中表现更好。
【串记】The man with the handbag is really handsome and his handwriting is very nice. I want to know him. Fortunately, you found his handkerchief. Maybe we should hand it back. 那个拿着手提包的男子真英俊，而且字也很好看。我想认识他。幸运的是，你找到了他的手帕。也许我们应该把它还给他。
310. hang /hæŋ/ (hanged, hanged) v. 处绞刑；上吊；下垂 (hung,hung) v. 悬挂，吊着；把……吊起
【拓展】
hang about/around徘徊；闲荡
hang out 挂出；闲逛
hang on 坚持下去；不挂断；握住不放（同hold on)
hang up 挂断电话；搁置，拖延
【例句】①The line was engaged and the operator asked if I'd like to hang on.电话占线，话务员问我是否愿意稍等一下。
②After I hung up, I realized I forgot to ask him his telephone number. 挂断电话后，我意识到我忘了问他的电话号码。
③I hung about/around the station for an hour but he never showed up. 我在车站周围闲逛了一个小时，但他从未出现过。
【串记】She hung up and hung around anxiously. 她挂断电话焦急的在周围徘徊。
【点津】
hang    意义    过去式    过分    现分
    绞死，吊死    hanged    hanged    hanging
    悬挂，垂下    hung    hung    hanging
311. happen /'hæp(ə)n/ vi.（偶然）发生(同occur)
【拓展】
as it happens〔happened〕碰巧 by chance
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
it happens that 从句 碰巧……
happening n. 事件，意外发生的事
【例句】I happened to have no money with me．(=It happened that I had no money with me．)恰巧我没带钱。
【串记】There have been reports of strange happenings in the town. At this moment, I happened to see James in town. 镇上不断传出有怪事发生。就在这时，我碰巧在镇上遇见詹姆斯。
【辨析】 happen/take place/occur
happen“发生”通常指具体事物的发生，常带有意外和偶然性，happen是普通用词；take place“发生”往往强调所发生的事物是事前已有安排；occur是正式用词，表示具体或抽象事物的发生，可以是意外的，也可以是意料或计划之中的，所指的事物和时间都是比较确定的。注意：当表示具体事情的名词作主语时,用happen和occur都可,如果不是表示具体事情的词则多用happen。在否定句里一般用occur。
312. happy /'hæpɪ/ a. 幸福的；快乐的，高兴的
【拓展】
be happy to do sth. 乐意做某事
be happy about/at/with 因……感到高兴；对…感到满意
happily ad. 快乐地；幸福地
happiness n. 幸福
【例句】①She was not happy with his work and made him do it again．她对他做的活不满意，让他重做了一遍。
②We’ll be happy to help if you need．如果你需要，我们将很乐意帮助你。
【串记】On the whole, I’ m happy with the way I look, because it brings me happiness.  总体来说，我对自己的外貌比较满意，因为它给我带来了幸福。
313. hard /hɑːd/ ad. 努力地；使劲；猛烈地；a. 硬的；困难的，艰难的；猛烈的；冷酷的，严格的
【拓展】
be hard at在……下功夫
be hard on对……过分严厉，难为……
be hard to do(难做的)
have a hard time doing sth. 很难做某事
harden v. 使…变硬；
hardship n. 困苦；苦难；
hardware n. 计算机硬件
hardworking/hard-working a. 勤/奋勉的
【例句】It is hard to believe that she's only nine. 很难相信她只有九岁。
【串记】Tom is a hard-working man and he suffered many hardships during that long winter. Eventually, he invented computer hardware. 汤姆是个勤奋的人，在那个漫长的冬季，他吃了很多苦头。最终，他发明了计算机硬件。
314. harm /hɑːm/ n. & v. 伤害；损伤(同damage)
【拓展】
come to harm受到损害
do sb．harm对某人伤害，伤害某人(其反义词组do sb．good对某人好处)
do more harm than good弊大于利
there is no harm in doing做某事无害
harmful a. 有害的；能造成损害的
be harmful to对…有害
harmless a. 无害的；无恶意的
【例句】I believe that no one can harm you but yourself. 我相信没有除了自己没人能伤害你。
【串记】Insects are classified as harmful and harmless. 昆虫被分为有害的和无害的。
【辨析】harm, damage, hurt, injure, wound
这组词的共同意思是“损害,损伤”。damage表示损害了表面,损害了人或物的某个部分或使之完全失掉用途; harm表示人的心理、健康、权力或事业上的损害,程度较轻; hurt多用来表示伤害身体或某一部位,或表示剧烈的疼痛或精神上受到伤害; injure表示身体或精神上各种性质及任何程度的伤害,多表示意外受伤; wound主要指在战斗中武器或凶器等造成的外伤或剧烈的痛苦。
harmony ['hɑːməni] n．融洽，一致；协调
【拓展】
(1)in harmony with ...与……协调
out of harmony with ...      与……不协调
live in harmony      和睦相处，和谐共处
(2)harmonious adj.      和谐的，和睦的；协调的
【例句】①We must ensure tourism develops in harmony with the environment. 我们必须确保旅游业与环境相协调。
②When children grow up, their ideas will be out of harmony with their parents. 当孩子长大后，他们的想法会与父母不和谐。
③You should create a harmonious environment to get along with others, which can help you greatly. 你应该创造一个和谐（和谐）的环境，与他人相处，这可以大大帮助你。
④The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people's well­being and a dream of harmony, peace and development.
“中国梦”是一个提升人民幸福感的梦，也是一个和谐、和平以及发展的梦。
【串记】Social harmony is very important to us. Only if people live in harmony with each other can we have a harmonious society . It is also very important to be in harmony with nature. If we are out of harmony with nature, it will punish us in turn. 社会和谐对我们非常重要。只有和睦相处，才能有一个和谐的社会。与自然和谐相处也是非常重要的。如果我们与自然不和谐，就会反过来惩罚我们。
315. have /həv;hæv/ v. 有；进行，做；持，喝，抽(烟)；使，令，让  
【拓展】
(1) have sth.done使，让(某事被人做、遭遇、做完、解决等，自己也可能参加)
have sb.do sth.  要，叫，使(某人做某事)
have sb.doing sth.  让，使(某人做某事)
have sb./sth.+副词(或介词短语)使(某物(人)处于某种状态)，请(某人到某处)
have+ sb./sth.+adj.让，使(某人(物)处于某种状态)
(1)have a good time玩得很愉快
have back要回，收回
have……on穿着、戴着
have……to do with和……有关
had better(or best)(+do)最好……
have to do必须，不得不
【例句】①He had one of his legs broken while playing football.踢足球时，他摔断了一条腿。
②Don't be worried. I'll have Tom help you finish the work.别担心，我会让汤姆帮你完成工作。
③I can't have you speaking  to your mother in a rude manner. You must apologize to her immediately.我不允许你用粗鲁的方式跟你的妈妈说话。你必须立刻向她道歉。
④I have a lot of reading to complete before the end of this term.在这个学期结束前，我要读完很多书。
316. head /hed/ n. 头(部)；前端；头脑，才智；首脑/长；v. 动身，出发；率领
【拓展】
head for驶向，向……方向前进
head on迎面，迎头
hold one’s head high 趾高气扬；扬眉吐气
lose one's head慌乱，仓皇失措，不知所措
keep one's head保持镇静
headache n. 头疼
heading n. 标题；（足球）头球；
headline n. 大标题，内容提要
headquarters n. 总部
headmaster/headmistress n. (中小学的)男/女校长
head teacher n. 中小学的校长/班主任
ahead ad. 朝前地，在前面
ahead of  在…之前
go ahead前进；做/说/干吧
【例句】We should head for the cinema early. 我们应该早点动身去电影院。
【串记】The headmaster had a headache because he couldn't think of the heading. 这个校长因为想不出标题而头痛。
317. health /helθ/ n. 健康；卫生
【拓展】
have good health身体健康
lose(recover)health失去(恢复)健康
To your health!祝你健康j(敬酒的用语)
healthy a. 健康的/不健康的(反unhealthy)
【例句】The guard works out to stay healthy. 这个卫兵锻炼身体以保持健康。
【串记】Although he is in poor health, he has health insurance. 虽然他身体不好，但是他有医疗保险。
318. hear /hɪə/ v. (heard, heard) 听见/说
【拓展】
hear about(of)听到，听说
hear from接到……的信
hear of(与will not连用)不允许，不愿
hearing n. 听力/觉；审/听讯
【例句】You should shout to her so that she can hear you. 你应该向她大声喊叫，这样她才能听见你。
【串记】He heard something about his father's health. Until later he heard from his mother that his father had lost his hearing. 他听说他父亲身体不好。直到后来，他从母亲那里得知他父亲的听力已经丧失。
【辨析】hear/listen
这两个词的共同意思是“听”。其区别是：hear强调听的结果——“听到”; listen强调听的动作——“倾听”,而不管是否“听到”。
319. heart /hɑːt/ n. 心(脏)；心形；内心，心/感情；核/中心
【拓展】
at heart在内心，实质上
break one’s heart  使某人人伤心/心碎
by heart牢记，凭记忆
learn by heart记住，背诵
heart and soul全心全意
lose heart丧失勇气，失去信心
heartily ad．由衷地，诚恳地; 完全，十分
hearty a．衷心的，热诚的；精力充沛的；丰盛的
warm-hearted a. 热心的
【例句】①The old lady's heart beats very fast．那位老太太的心脏跳得很快。
②Take heart and go on，you are sure to succeed in the end．鼓起勇气，坚持下去，你最终一定会成功的。
【串记】You are a warm-hearted person and you always serve the people heart and soul. Every time I see you, my heart beats for you. However, your words broke my heart just now and I almost lost heart. 你是一个热心肠的人，你总是全心全意为人民服务。每次见到你，我的心都为你而跳。然而，你刚才的话使我心碎，我几乎失去了信心。
320. help /help/ v. & n. 帮/援助；有帮助的人/物；有用
【拓展】
help (sb.) with sth. 帮助(某人)做某事
help sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事;
help (sb.) (to)do sth. 帮助(某人)做某事;
can’t help doing sth./can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事/忍不住做某事;
help oneself to 随便吃；自便/取
help sb. out 帮助某人解决难题；帮助
be of help to对…有帮助的
with sb.’s help/with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下helpful a. 有帮助的；有益的
helpless a. 无助的；没用的
【例句】I’ll help you (to)solve the problem．我将帮助你解决那问题。
【串记】He was so helpless that I couldn't help wanting to help him. So, I had to help him out. However, I didn't help him to do it because I can’t help it. 他那么无助，我禁不住想帮助他。所以，我不得不帮助他。但是我没有帮助他做那件事，因为我无能为力。

【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。   
1. The sportsman has always been perfectly        (health) until now.  
2. My cousin happened        (see) James in town the other day.
3. The lady         (give) a huge bunch of flowers for her fortieth birthday.
4. I had no reason to believe there was anyone within       (hear).
5. A          (grow) number of people are going vegetarian.  
6. His aunt is his legal        (guard). She is responsible for him.
7. Children need moral        (guide) or they can grow unhealthily.
8. Fruit juices can be         (harm) to children's teeth.
9. We want our children to have the best possible chance of        (happy).
10. They watched       (help) as their home went up in flames.
二、单句改错。
1. The leaflet tells you how to go after making a will.
2. The host poured some wine into a glass and gave it for the guest.
3. Rachel and David are getting marry on Saturday.
4. When did you get back? Did you have the good time in London?
5. The skies grow dark and it began to rain, so we can't make the trip tomorrow.
6. The escaped prisoner was brought back below armed guard.
7. People living nearby are not happy the decision. They are against it   
8. I need to entertain someone else, so help you to a pie, please.
9. These men are dangerous so you’ll need to be off your guard.
10. The driver was unable to hang up to his lead. Finally, the car hit a side pole.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1．Things will get easier                       (随着时间推移) .
2. The doorbell rang and she             (朝……走去) the door.  
3. Who                  (警戒) the night the fire broke out?
4. He will              (分发) the leaflets tomorrow.
5. I’ve smoked for years, but I really want to                       (改掉习惯).

四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 她觉察到另一名男子正紧紧抓住栏杆不放。(hang on)
                                                                                       
2. 她不能帮忙打扫屋子，因为她正忙着做蛋糕。（can’t help to do）
                                                                                      
3. 抱怨生活是没用的，你必须要努力。（It is no good doing）
                                                                                       
4. 尽管大多数人对他的雄心壮志不予理睬，但他没有失去信心。（lose heart）
                                                                                       
5. 你到明天截止明天要上交你的作业。（hand in）
                                                                                       

【答案】
一、语法填空。   
1. healthy  2. to see  3. was given  4. hearing   5. growing  6. guardian  7. guidance  8. harmful  9. happiness   10. helplessly
二、单句改错。
1. after→about  2. for→to    3. marry→married  4. the→a  5. grow→grew   6. below→under  7. happy^with  8. you→yourself   9. off→on  10. up→on
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. as time goes by  2. headed for  3. was on guard  4. give out  5. break/kick the habit  
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. She was conscious of a second man hanging on to the rail.
2. She can’t help to clean the house because she’s busy making a cake.
3. It is no good complaining about life, you must try your best.
4. Although most people ignored his ambition, he did not lose heart.
5. You should hand in your work by tomorrow.

高考英语核心词汇拓展 Day 17

321. hesitate /'hezɪteɪt/ v. 犹豫；迟疑；含糊
【拓展】
(1)hesitate to do sth.不愿意(不想，不好意思)做某事
hesitate about/over doing sth.      做某事犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n.      犹豫，踌躇，迟疑；不情愿
have no hesitation in doing sth.  毫不犹豫地做某事
without hesitation      毫不犹豫地
【例句】① She never hesitates at anything that will benefit her friends．对她朋友有利的事，她从不犹豫。
②Without any hesitation, the old man jumped into the river to save the drowning young woman.
＝The old man had no hesitation in jumping into the river to save the drowning young woman.这位老人毫不犹豫地跳下河去救落水的年轻女子。
【串记】Hesitation is not a good thing. He is always hesitating about making decisions. 犹豫不是好事。他总是对做决定犹豫不决。
322. hide /haɪd/ (hid, hidden) v. 把…藏起来，隐藏
【拓展】
hide ... from ...向……隐瞒……；把……隐藏起来
hide ... behind/under/in ...隐藏到……后面/下面/里面
hide away      隐藏
hide one's feelings 掩饰感情
hide one's head 把脸藏起来，羞得躲起来
hide-and-seek n. 捉迷藏
【例句】①She and her family hid_away for nearly twenty­five months before they were discovered.
她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。
②She tried to hide her feeling from anyone.她试图掩饰自己的感情不让别人发觉。
③ Many children played at hide and seek in the garden.许多孩子在花园里捉迷藏。
【点津】hiding和hidden作定语时意思不同：a hiding place“一个藏身处”；a hidden place“一个秘密/隐藏的地方”。
【串记】If you want to play hide-and-seek, you need to let a person hide first. 如果要玩捉迷藏，就需要让一个人先藏起来。
323. high /haɪ/ a.（位置）高的(反low)；高水平的(反low)；高级的；正点的，全盛的；ad. 高
【拓展】
aim high 志存高远，目标远大   
fly high飞得高
highlight v. 突出；强调；n. 最精彩的部分
highly ad. 高度地；非常
speak/think highly of赞扬/高度评价
high-rise a. 高楼的；超高层的；n. 高楼；大厦  
highway n. 公/大路；捷径
【例句】Audiences have high expectations for this film. 观众对这一部电影的期待很高。
【串记】“We must aim high in order to fly higher” . This slogan is the highlight and we are also highly praised by our leaders. “我们要想飞得更高，就要志存高远。”这个口号是亮点，我们也得到了领导的高度赞扬。
【辨析】high与highly均可用作副词，前者一般用于表示位置“高”，具体的 “高”，后者表示抽象概念的“高”，指程度的“高”，还可用来修饰形容词和分词，表示程度。如highly praised深受赞扬的。
324. hold /həʊld/ (held, held) vt. & n. 拿/抱/握住；举行；拥/持有；保持；保存/留；抑制
【拓展】
catch/get/take hold of抓住，掌握
hold back退缩不前，踌躇；妨碍，控制，保守(秘密等)，隐瞒
hold down压制
hold off拖延，使远离
hold on抓住不放，等一下；继续
hold on to紧紧抓住 坚持；克制
hold out伸出；坚持(要求)，提供
hold over延期
hold up举起；提出；支持；拦劫  
【例句】① We held each other’s hand，not knowing what to say．我们握住彼此的手，不知说什么好。
②When he left the telephone to fetch a pencil, he asked me to hold on.当他放下电话去拿铅笔时，他让我别挂电话。
③No one can hold back the wheel of history.没有人能阻挡历史车轮的前进。
④Seeing her son again after two years' absence, the mother held out her arms to embrace him.分别两年后再次看到自己的儿子，这位母亲伸出双臂去拥抱他。
【串记】Her application was held up by the postal strike. Then her car broke down. She just managed to hold back her anger and hold on until help arrived. 她的申请因邮政部门罢工而耽搁了，然后她的车抛锚了。她只能设法控制住自己的愤怒，坚持到救援人员到来。
325. honest /'ɒnɪst/ a. 诚实的，正直的(反dishonest)
【拓展】
be honest with 对…诚实
to be honest 老实说；说实话
honestly ad. 真诚地；公正地
honesty n. 诚实，正直
【例句】Be honest with yourself on this one. 在这一点上要对自己诚实。
【串记】To be honest, the bodyguard is indeed an honest man because he believes honesty is a good quality. 老实说，保镖确实是个非常诚实的人，因为他认为诚实是一种好的品质。
326. honour /'ɒnə/ (美 honor) n. 荣誉，光荣；荣誉称号；vt. 尊敬，给予荣誉
【拓展】
(1)be honoured for因……而受到尊敬
feel honoured to do /of doing sth. 为做某事而感到荣幸
be honoured as      被尊为……
(2)show honour to sb.      向某人致意
have the honour of doing/to do sth.      有幸做某事
It's an honour to do ...      做……是一种荣幸
in honour of/in one's honour  为了纪念，为向……表示敬意
on one's honour以名誉担保(保证)
fight for the honour of one’s country为国争光
honourable a. 荣誉的；值得尊敬的
【例句】①I have the honour to make a speech to welcome the respected guests. 我有幸发表演说欢迎尊贵的客人。
②I feel honoured to be invited to give you a lecture on how to improve English reading ability.应邀给你们作关于如何提高英语阅读能力的讲座我深感荣幸。
③Washington, a state in the United States, was named in honour of one of the greatest American presidents.华盛顿，美国的一个州，是为了纪念美国最伟大的总统之一而命名的。
【串记】It's my honor to do something for this honourable old man. 为这位值得尊重的老人做事，是我的荣幸。
327. hope /həʊp/ n. & v. 希望
【拓展】
hope for 希望(得到)，期待
in the hope of/that从句 怀着…的希望
hope for the best 抱乐观的希望
hope so/not 希望如此/不是
hopeful a. 有希望的；有前途的
hopefully ad．怀有希望地；据信，有信心
hopeless a. 绝望的；不可救药的
【例句】They have given up the hope of finding any more survivors. 他们已不抱希望再找到幸存者了。
【串记】I always hope for the best and I want to be hopeful forever. 我总是抱着乐观的期望，我希望自己永远充满希望。
【辨析】hope/wish
    相同点    不同点1    不同点2    不同点3   
hope    hope for sth.
hope to do sth.    不能接宾语补足语    不能接双宾语表祝福    宾语从句用陈述语气   
wish    wish for sth.
wish to do sth.    能接宾语补足语    能接双宾语表祝福    宾语从句用虚拟语气   
328. hurry /'hʌrɪ/ v. & n. 赶快；急忙；催促
【拓展】
hurry away赶快去
hurry up赶紧，匆匆完成
in a hurry匆忙
in no hurry不忙，不着急
hurried a. 匆忙的；草率的
【例句】There’s no need to hurry. We’ve got plenty of time. 不必匆忙，我们有的是时间。
【串记】”Hurry up!” my mom said, so I ate a hurried breakfast and left. “快点!” 妈妈说。于是我匆匆吃完早餐就离开了。
329. human /'hjuːmən/ n. 人；a. 人的，人类的；人性的，有人情味的(反inhuman)
【拓展】
human body/nature/right 人体/人性/人权
human being 人；人类
humanism n. 人道主义   
humanity n. 人类；人道
【例句】There are many different cell types in the human body. 人体中有许多种不同的细胞类型。
【串记】As human beings, we must have human rights and uphold humanism. 我们作为人类，必须要拥有人权，坚持人道主义。
330. hurt /hɜːt/ (hurt, hurt) vt. 伤害，受伤；疼痛；伤人感情；n. 创伤；打击
【拓展】
hurt one’s feelings 伤害某人的感情
it won’t hurt to do sth. 做某事也无妨
【例句】We should not hurt our friends under any circumstances. 任何情况下我们都不应该伤害朋友。
【串记】I did hurt his feelings. As far as I' m concerned, it won’t hurt to hurt his feeling. 我的确伤害了他的感情。对我而言，伤害他的感情也没什么关系。
【辨析】hurt/injure/wound
hurt 弄伤，伤害，包括肉体和感情；疼痛；
injure (在事故中)使受伤，弄伤；n. injury；
wound (用刀、枪等武器)伤害；n. 伤，伤口。
331. idea /aɪ'dɪə/ n. 主意，意见；打算，想法；
【拓展】
have all idea认为，感到
have any idea知道，了解
have no idea不知道，不了解
以上各词组后可接of doing或that从句和wh-从句)
形近词：ideal n. 理想；理想事物；a. 理想的
【例句】You have no idea(of)how anxious we have been．你不知道我们多么着急。
【串记】I have no idea what his ideal job is. 我也不知道他的理想工作是什么。
332. identify /aɪ'dentɪfaɪ/ v. 鉴定；识别，辨认出，认出；认明；把…看成一样
【拓展】
i
dentify oneself with和……有联系，认同，和……打成一片，参加到……中去
identify with对……同情，和……有同感（=be identified with)
identify n. 身份，个性
identical a. 同一的；完全相同的  
be identical to /with与……完全相同；与…一致
【例句】①Could you identify your umbrella among a hundred others?你能在一百把伞中认出你自己的伞吗?
②They identify their interests with those of the nation．他们把自己的利益与国家的利益看成是一致的。
【串记】I didn't enjoy the book because I couldn't identify with any of the main characters. At the same time, these roles are similar, although not identical. 我不喜欢这本书，因为我无法与其中的任何主要角色产生共鸣。而且，这些角色是相似的，尽管不完全相同。
333. ignore /ɪg'nɔː/ n. 忽视/略；不理会
【拓展】
ignore one's advice/mistakes忽视某人的建议/过错
ignore traffic rules  忽视交通规则
ignorance n. 无知，愚昧；  
ignorant a. 无知的；愚昧的
be ignorant of(about)对……不知道(不了解)
【例句】①The boss of the company had ignored his friend's advice, which led to the failure of his business. 这家公司的老板忽视了朋友的建议，这导致了他生意的失败。
②You should not ignore your mistakes if you want to make greater progress. 如果想取得更大进步，你不应该忽视错误。
③It is dangerous to ignore traffic rules. 忽视交通规则是很危险的。
【串记】It is only an ignorant man who ignores the questions posed by others. 无知的人才会忽视别人提出的问题。
334. imagine /ɪ'mædʒɪn/ vt. 想像，设想；料想，认为(同suppose)
【拓展】
(1)imagine (sb.) doing sth.　    想象(某人)做某事
imagine＋从句      想象……
imagine sb./sth. as/to be      把某人/物想象成……；认为某人/物是……
(2)imagination n.      想象力；创造力
beyond imagination      超乎想象，出乎意料
imaginative a. 富于想象的；有创造力的
imaginary a. 虚构的，假想的；想像的
【例句】①She imagined walking into the office and telling everyone what she thought of them. 她想象自己走进办公室，对每个人都说出自己对他们的看法。
②I never knew my grandmother, but I always imagine her as/to be a kind and gentle person.我从未见过我的祖母，但我总把她想象成一个善良温和的人。
③Sometimes, imagination is more important than knowledge during our studies.有时候，在学习过程中想象力比知识更重要。
【点津】imagine后接v.­ing形式，不接不定式作宾语，有时可加上v.­ing形式动作的发出者(常用代词宾格或形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构)。
【串记】A good writer needs to be imaginative in writing. So sometimes what a writer has in mind is beyond imagination. Although the main characters in the novel are so true to life, they are imaginary. 一个好的作家需要有想象力的写作。因此，有时一个作家的想法是无法想象的。
335. impress /ɪm'pres/ vt. 给…深刻留下印象；使钦佩
【拓展】
(1)impress sb.with sth.某事给某人留下印象
impress sth.on/upon sb./one's memory 使某人铭记某事
be impressed with/at/by ...   对……有深刻印象
(2)impression n.           印象；印记
leave/have/make a(n) ...impression on sb.给某人留下……的印象
(3)impressive adj.     给人深刻印象的；感人的
【例句】①The little boy impressed me with his big, bright eyes the first time I saw him.第一次见到这个小男孩时，他明亮的大眼睛就给我留下了深刻的印象。
②The first time she visited Guilin, she was deeply impressed by/with/at the scenery there.她第一次去桂林参观时，那里的景色给她留下了非常深刻的印象。
③My first impression of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. 我对他的第一印象就是，他是一个善良且有思想的年轻人。
④The first ceremony when we went into college is an impressive one. 我们上大学的第一个仪式令人印象深刻。
【串记】Readers were very impressed by the impressive story. 读者对这个感人的故事印象深刻。
336. include /ɪn'kluːd/ vt. 包含/括；把…列入
【拓展】
including prep. 包括…在内
inclusion n. 包含; 内含物
inclusive a．包括……在内的，包含的
形近词：conclude v. 结束，得出结论，推论conclusion n. 结/推论；结局
【例句】Our text-book includes eight stories, two short plays and two essays.我们的课本包括8篇故事,2篇短剧和2篇杂文。
【串记】You should include fruits and vegetables in your diet. Also, you’d better take part in sports, running included. 你应该在你的饮食里包括水果和蔬菜。此外，你最好参加运动，包括跑步。
【辨析】见contain
337. increase /ɪn'kriːs/ v. & n. 增加/长(反decrease)
【拓展】
increase in在…方面增长
increase with随…增长
increase/decrease by  增长/减少了……
increase/decrease to  增加/减少到……
(2) on the increase /decrease/decline正在增加/减少/衰退之中,不断增加/减少/衰退
increasingly ad. 渐增地
【例句】①Our country has greatly increased in power and prestige.我国的实力大大增强,国际威望也显著提高了。
②The housing price is hoped to decrease by 10% this year. 房价今年有望下降10%。
③My salary has been increased to one thousand yuan .我的薪金增加到1000元。
【串记】The rate of inflation increased by10%. However, prices have been rising and unemployment has been rising. So, crime is on the increase. 通货膨胀率增长了10%，然而物价和失业率也在增长，因此，犯罪活动日益猖獗。
338. indicate /'ɪndɪkeɪt/ v. 指示/出；表明，显示；暗示，示意
【拓展】
indicate by 用…指示
indicate with one's eyes 用目光示意
indicator n. 指示器/剂/符
indication n. 指示，指出；迹象；象征
【例句】He indicated to me that we could never be good friends again.他向我暗示我们再也不可能成为好朋友了。
【串记】There are clear indications that the economy is improving. At the same time, the economic indicators are better than expected. 有明显的迹象显示经济已开始好转，同时，经济指标比预期的好。
339. influence /'ɪnflʊəns/ n.& v. 影响；有影响的人/物
【拓展】
(1)influence sb. to do sth.影响某人去做某事
have an influence on/upon ... 对……有影响
(2)under the influence of ...      在……的影响下
(3)influential adj.      有影响力的
be influential in (doing) sth.  对(做)某事颇有影响
【例句】①Influenced by the growing interest in nature, more and more people enjoy outdoor sports. 受对大自然日益增长的兴趣的影响，越来越多的人喜欢户外运动。
② Most parents think that computer games have a bad influence on their children. 大部分家长认为电脑游戏对他们的孩子有不良影响。
③Under the influence of a high school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine. 在一位中学生物老师的影响下，他从事了医学研究。
【串记】 Nike is one of the most influential brands all over the world. It has a far-reaching influence on our life. 耐克是世界上最具影响力的品牌之一。它对我们的生活有深远的影响。
340. inform /ɪn'fɔːm/ vt. 告诉；通知
【拓展】
(1)inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事
inform sb. that...通知某人……
(2)informed adj.消息灵通的；见多识广的
keep sb. informed of/about...随时通知某人……；使某人知道……
information n. 信息，资料；知识；情报
informative a. 教育性的，有教益的；情报的；见闻广博的
【例句】①It was considerate of Michael to inform us of/about his delay in case we got worried. 以防我们担心，迈克尔很体贴地告诉我们他耽误了这件事。
②We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected. 我们很遗憾地通知你，你的申请未被接受。
易错点拨inform后不接双宾语，也不用于inform sth. to sb. 。要表示“告诉某人某事”，通常用inform sb. of/about sth. 。inform的宾语通常只能是人，所以当后接从句时，其前的sb. 不能省略。
【串记】Good information is essential if people are to make informed choices about services.

【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空
1. I would have no         (hesitate) in recommending Philip for the position.
2. Tom’s mother was          (high) critical of the school’s approach.
3. She answered all my questions with her usual          (honest).
4. He received an           (honour) discharge from the army.
5. The judge was praised for his courage and           (human).
6. I met some           (ignore) people who called me all kinds of names.
7. Many people on low incomes will          (hurt) by the government's plans.
8. Could you give me some         (indicate) as to when I am likely to receive a reply?
9. Please keep me fully          (inform) of any developments.
10. The salary is £18,600 a year,           (increase) to £23,000.
二、单句改错
1. The first time he went to work, he was held on by heavy traffic..
2. Her parents don't allow her to drink, so she keeps a bottle of gin hiding behind a stack of books.
3. Remember to be hold your head up and keep your back straight.
4. Humans can easily identify to the emotional expressions of monkeys.
5. For the refugees, home exists only in their imagine and thousands of them don't have homes any more.
6. Six people were killed in the riot, include a policeman.
7. Many people are worried about the growing influential of these websites.
8. He got up late this morning, so he went to school in hurry.
9. I would have remained ignorance if Shaun hadn’t mentioned it.
10. I feel that she always likes to imitate me, because her dress is almost identical with mine.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子
1. Do you still             (对……犹豫) buying a car or a house?
2.                    (老实说), it was one of the worst books I've ever read.
3. The world demands equality, but the country has a poor record on            (人权).
4. We                      (对……印象深刻) the standard of work.
5. I                     (抓住) his hand, turned it over, and dumped the pills into his palm.

四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。1. 能够帮助到你是我的荣幸。（be honoured to do sth.）
                                                                                   
2. 她压根儿不知道他们去哪里了。(have any idea)
                                                                                 
3. 地址若有变动请随时通知我们。（inform of）
                                                                                 
4. 那个舞会给观众留下深刻的印象。(leave a deep impression on)
                                                                                 
5. 我想我会暂时保留这些老唱片的。(hold on to)
                                                                                 


【答案】
一、语法填空
1. hesitation  2. highly  3. honesty  4. honourable  5. humanity  6. ignorant  7. be hurt  8. indication   9. informed   10. increasing
二、单句改错
1. on→up  2. hiding─hidden  3. 去掉be   4. to→with  5. imagine→imagination  6. include→including  7. influential→influence  8. 在In 和hurry 后面加a  9. ignorance→ignorant   10. with→to
三、根据汉语意思完成句子
1. hesitate about   2. To be honest   3. human rights   4. were impressed by/with  5. took hold of
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. Don’ t mention it. I'm honoured to help you.
2. She doesn’t have any idea where they’ve gone.
3. Please inform us of any changes of the address.
4. The ball left a deep impression on the audiences.
5. I think I’ll hold on to these old records for now.

高考英语核心词汇拓展  Day 18

341. injure /'ɪndʒə/ v. 使受伤，伤害
【拓展】
(1)injury n．伤害，伤口
do sb./oneself an injury
＝ do an injury to sb./oneself      使某人/自己受伤害
(2)injured adj.      受伤的
get injured      受伤的
the injured     伤员
【例句】①But now, because my left foot was injured in the football game, I cannot go with you as planned.但现在，由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了，我不能像计划的那样和你一起去。
②There's no denying that the attack has done a severe injury to his reputation.不可否认，这次攻击对他的名誉造成了严重的损害。
③When we were on the spot of the accident, we were told that the injured had been sent to the nearest hospital.当我们赶到事故现场时，我们被告知伤员已经被送往最近的医院。
【串记】Two players are out of the team because of injury. Luckily, Tom isn't injured. 两名队员因伤退出了比赛。幸运的是，汤姆没受伤。
【辨析】injure, harm, wound, hurt
injure    多指在意外事故中受到“伤害”，也可指精神上受到伤害
harm    多用于口语，指对肉体或精神上造成伤害，包括健康、心情、权利、事业等。名词为harm (不可数)。常用短语：do sb.harm ＝do harm to sb. “对某人造成伤害”
wound    “伤害”，多指在战斗中用刀、枪等“伤害”，程度较重
hurt    可指对肉体或心灵造成“伤害”，强调伤痛感
342. insist /ɪn'sɪst/ vi. 坚持；坚决认为/要求
【拓展】
insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚持要求(做)某事
insist (that) … (should) do sth. 坚持要求(做)某事
insist (that) 从句 坚持说/认为
【例句】①The doctor insisted that she was seriously ill and that she (should) be operated on immediately. 医生坚持说她病得很重，应该立即动手术。
②I insist on taking proper food for the expedition.
我坚决要求为这次探险携带合适的食物。
【串记】The team insisted upon being given every detail of the case. However, the guide insisted (that) he was innocent. 这个团队坚持要求说明事情的整个来龙去脉，但是，这个导游坚持说他是无辜的。
易错点拨
(1)insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气；表示“坚决主张，坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should) do”。
(2)insist后面既不接不定式也不接动名词，遇此情况要用insist on/upon。insist后也不接带不定式的复合结构。
343. inspire /ɪn'spaɪə/ vt. 鼓舞，激励；启发，给…灵感
【拓展】
(1)inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth. ＝ inspire sth. in sb.激起某人的……
(2)inspired adj.  激动人心的；卓越的
inspiring adj.      鼓舞人心的；给人启发的
inspiration n.      灵感，启发；鼓舞
【例句】①His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.＝His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.他鼓励的话语激起了我的信心。
②His speech was inspiring and touched everyone's heart, which inspired all the people present to work  still harder later.他的演讲令人鼓舞，打动人心，鼓舞了在场的每个人今后更努力地工作。
【串记】He draws inspiration from the inspiring work. 他从这件鼓舞人心的作品中得到灵感。
344. instruct /ɪn'strʌkt/ vt. 指示，命令；教授，指导
【拓展】
instruct sb. to do sth.    命令某人做某事
instruct sb. in sth.    教授某人某方面的知识
(1)instruction n. 指/命令；指示；教导  
operation instructions使用说明书give(receive)instruction in教授……(接受……指导)
instructive a. 有益的；教育性的
instructor n. 指导书；教员；指导者
【例句】①But with my English teacher's patient instruction and help, I kept on learning, memorizing, reciting, practising, and correcting.但是在我的英语老师耐心的指导和帮助下，我不断地学习、记忆、背诵、练习、改正。
②The letter instructed him to report to the general manager at once.那封信指示他立即向总经理报告。
③It is the most instructivelecture that I have attended since I came to this school.这是自从我来到这所学校，我参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。
【点津】instruct表示“命令”时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
【串记】When destructive floods brought destruction to the constructions of the area, follow the instructions provided by the instructive book.  当毁灭性的洪水给这个地区的建筑物带来了破坏时，按照这本有教育意义的书的说明去做。
345. intend /ɪn'tend/ vt. 想要，打算
【拓展】
(1)intend doing/to do sth打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth.  打算让某人做某事
本来打算做……(事实上没做成)
intend that ... (should) do sth.打算……；主张……
be intended for ...  为……打算(或设计)的
(2)intention n.  意图，目的，打算
with an/the intention of  抱有……的目的；打算……
【例句】①He has made up his mind to intend his son to manage the company. 他决心让他的儿子管理公司。
②We had intended to arrive at our destination at 9 o'clock, but we didn't because of the traffic jam.我们本来打算在9点钟到达目的地，但是由于交通堵塞我们晚点了。
③The local government has already collected three million dollars, intended for the environment improvement. 当地政府已经筹集了300万美元，打算用于改善环境。
【串记】Her intention was to write an inspiring work, so she intended to collect material. 她的意图是写一部鼓舞人心的作品，所以她打算收集资料。
346. interest /'ɪnt(ə)rɪst/ n. 兴趣；利息；(复)利益；vt. 使…感兴趣
【拓展】
(1) develop one's interest in  培养某人某方面的兴趣
have/show/take (an) interest in对……感兴趣
have no(1ittle)interest for对……没有(什么)吸引力
have interest with对……产生影响
in the interest of  为/符合……的利益(作表语)
lose interest in  对……失去兴趣
with interest  有兴趣地；津津有味地
places of interest  名胜
(2)interesting adj.  引起兴趣的，有趣的
interested adj.  感兴趣的
be interested in (doing) sth.对(做……事)感兴趣
be interested to do sth.有兴趣(做……事)
【例句】①The purpose of this new programme is to develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and speaking.这新课程的目的是培养我们在英语学习和听说实践能力方面的兴趣。
②Since you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures, I think this festival is well worth experiencing.既然你对中国的传统文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日非常值得体验。
③The government should avoid doing anything that is not in the interest of the public. 政府应该避免做不符合公众利益的任何事情。
【串记】This is really an interesting story, I am very interested in it. What interests me most is its conclu-
sion. 这真是一个有趣的故事，我对它很感兴趣。我最感兴趣的是它的结局。
347. intelligent /ɪn'telɪdʒ(ə)nt/ a. 聪明的，有才智的
【拓展】
intelligence n. 智力；情报工作
intellectual a. 智力的；聪明的；理智的；n.知识分子
【例句】Susan's a very bright and intelligent woman who knows her own mind. 苏珊是一个非常聪明伶俐而且清楚自己想法的女人。
【串记】She's a woman of exceptional intelligence who can always solve mysteries of intellectual novel in advance. 她是个格外聪明的女人，她总是能提前解开推理小说的谜题。
【辨析】
bright侧重指小孩或年轻人思路敏捷；
clever更强调头脑灵活，也可指有些小聪明；
wise指因阅历丰富而明智且智慧的；
brilliant指才华横溢，聪颖的；
gifted 主要指儿童天赋高的，天资聪慧的；
intelligent指智慧超群的，侧重智力的外在表现；
smart着重指反应敏捷，思路活跃。
348. interview /'ɪntəvjuː/ n. & v. 采访；面试；会见
【拓展】
give an interview(to sb.) 接见(某人)，接受(某人)采访
have(hold) an interview with sb．与某人面谈，采访某人
a job interview求职面试
at interview 在…会见时
in the interview 在采访中
interview sb about sth 就某事采访某人
interview by 通过…进行采访
interviewee n. 被接见者；被访问者  
interviewer n. 接见者；访问者
【例句】The interview was published in all the papers. 各家报纸都刊载了这次访谈。
【串记】She indeed attended a job interview. They gave her an interview, but decided not to offer her the job. 他的确参加了工作面试。他们对她进行了面试,但决定不把这份工作给她。
349. introduce /ɪntrə'djuːs/ vt. 介绍；引进，传入；推行，采用(同bring in)
【拓展】
introduce into 引进; 插入
introduce to 把…介绍给; 使…了解
introduction n. 介绍；引进；采用
【例句】①Modern scientific inventions have introduced many new words into the language.现代的科学发明给语言引进了许多新词。
②He introduced me to a Greek girl at the party. 他在聚会上介绍我认识了一位希腊姑娘。
【串记】His self-introduction is very interesting, so I'd like to introduce him to my friends. 他的自我介绍很有趣，因此我想把他介绍给我的朋友。
350. invent /ɪn'vent/ vt. 发明，创造；编造(同make up)
【拓展】
inventor n. 发明家/者
invention n. 发明；发明物
【例句】Who invented the steam engine? 谁发明了蒸汽机？
【串记】The intelligent interviewer is a great inventor, whose inventions are influential. 聪明的面试官是一个伟大的发明家，他的发明很有影响力。
【辨析】invent/discover
invent 发明，创造(本没有的东西)；
discover 发现(本来存在的东西)。
351. invite /ɪn'vaɪt/ vt. 邀请，招待
【拓展】
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
invitation n. 邀请；引诱；请帖；邀请函
inviting a. 诱人的；有魅力的
【例句】Have you been invited to their party? 你接到参加他们的聚会的邀请了吗？
【串记】Although they invited me to this inviting party, I declined the invitation. 虽然他们邀请我参加这个诱人的聚会，但我婉拒了。
352. involve /ɪn'vɒlv/ v. 包含，含有；使卷入/参于；牵涉
【拓展】
(1)involve sb.in (doing) sth使某人参与(做)某事；使某人牵扯到某事中
involve doing sth.  包括做某事；需要做某事
involve sb with sb与(某人)有密切关系
(2)involved adj. 复杂的；有牵连的，有关的
get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；热衷于，专心于
be/get involved with sb./sth.与某人混在一起/和某事有密切联系
involvement n. 参与；牵连；包含
【例句】①Don't involve yourself with those people.不要和那些人混在一起。
②They were so deeply involved in the matter that they found it hard to pull out. 他们在那个问题上陷得太深，难以自拔。
【点津】involved adj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。例如：an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”。
【串记】Parents’ involvement in children’s education  will have a positive influence on their growth. So some experts insist parents should be involved in the education. 父母参与孩子的教育对他们的成长有积极的影响。因此，一些专家坚持认为父母应该参与教育。
353. join /dʒɒɪn/ v. 参加，加入；连接；会合
【拓展】
join in 加入；参加
join(sb．)in sth．和(某人)在一起；陪(某人)干某事，参加某事
join in(with)（和……）一起活动
join hands with 握手；同…联合
【例句】①He joined the army in 1940 and joined the Party next year．他1940年参军，次年入党。
②Sarah never joins in with us．萨拉从不和我们一起活动。
③Where does this stream join the Yellow River? 这河流在何处与黄河会合?
【串记】The intellectual joined hands with the head and decided to join the organization. 那位知识分子和领导人握手，决定加入这个组织。
【辨析】join, combine, connect, unite，link，attach
这组词都有“连接”的意思。它们之间的区别在于:
join“接合，连接”是强调原来是独立分离的两个(或两个以上)事物结合在一起，通常指直接地连接；unite“联合，团结”是强调很紧密的结合成一个新的统一整体，不能拆开；combine“结合，化合”，着重指原来性质或成分不同的事物结(化)合成一新的统一体；connect“连接，连结”指两事物在某一点上相接触，但彼此又保持独立，它们可以直接连接，也可通过连接手段连接；link“连接”指用链环连接或用接合物、粘合剂或其他手段连接，连接得紧，不易分开，但连接各部分仍保持原状，但意义比connect强；attach“附着，加(缚)上”将一小的东西固定在另一大物上，但各自保持独立，可拆卸。
354. joy /dʒɒɪ/ v. & n. 欢乐，高兴；乐事/趣
【拓展】
be filled with joy充满喜悦
be a great joy to sb．对某人是一大乐事
to one’s joy 令人高兴的是
joyful/joyous 欢乐的，令人高兴的
【例句】He experienced a joy in helping others in trouble.他领受到了那种帮助困难人之后的快乐。【串记】To his great joy, she accepted his invitation. For us, it is also a joyful thing. 令他高兴的是她接受了他的邀请。对我们来说，也是个令人高兴的事。
355. judge /dʒʌdʒ / n. 裁判；审判员；法官；vt. 判断，断定；审判，判决
【拓展】
judge by(from)根据……作出判断
judge of对……评价
judg(e)ment n. 意见；判断力
【例句】A man should be judged by his deeds，not his words．判断一个人应该根据他的行动，而不是根据他的言语。
【串记】Judging from what the hostess said, she showed a lack of judgment. 从她主持人的话里可以判断出她缺乏判断力。
356. just /dʒʌst/ ad. 刚才；恰好；不过，仅；请，尽管(用于祈使句，加强语气)；a. 公正的；正直/义的(反unjust)
【拓展】
just about几乎，差不多
just now此刻，现在，刚才
just then正在那时候
just as正像；正当……的时候
just as……，so……正像……一样，……也……
just the same完全一样
only just刚好；好容易才，勉强地，几乎不
justice n. 司法；正义 →injustice 非正义
【例句】①I am just teasing you; you need not be nervous.我仅仅是在跟你闹着玩, 你不要紧张。
②Our aim is a just and lasting peace.我们的目标是维持一个公平而持久和平的世界。
【串记】 The just judge sentenced a person to death just now. 刚才公正的法官判了一个人死刑。
357. keep /kiːp/ (kept，kept) v. 保持；保存；继续不断；vt. 培育，饲养；记(录)
【拓展】
keep away使离开，站开
keep back抑制，阻止，不接近；保留；隐瞒
keep down镇压，抑制，压低；压缩，控制
keep off不接近，避开
keep out使在外，不让入内，未卷入，未参与
keep out of躲开，置身……之外
keep to坚持，固守，遵守
keep up支持，继续；维持，坚持下去；熬夜不睡
keep up with跟上
keep (on) doing sth. 持续/反复做某事
keep sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事
keep sb./sth.doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事
keeper n. 监护人；饲养员；看守人；管理人
【例句】①As you can see, the number of cars on our roads keeps rising these days．正如您可以看到的，这些天路上的汽车数量不断增加。
②Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled（吹口哨）to keep up his courage．独自在黑暗中行走，男孩吹起口哨来保持他的勇气。
③Jack is late again.It is typical of him to keep others waiting．杰克又迟到了，他让别人等是常有的事情。
【串记】 I want to stop her from keeping out of the affair. As a keeper, she should keep up with the latest development of zoology. 我想阻止她置身事外。身为饲养员，她应该跟上动物学的最新发展。
358. kind /kaɪnd/ n. 种；类(同sort/type)；a. 善良的；友好的
【拓展】
all kinds of  各种各样的
kind of 有点儿，有几分(同sort of)
nothing of the kind绝无其事；决不是那样，完全不是
of a kind同种的；低劣的；徒有其名的
be so kind as to/be kind enough to 请您费心
kindly ad. 亲切地；温和地；仁慈地
kindness n. 仁慈；好意；友好的行为
【例句】The flowers attract several different kinds of insects. 这些花吸引几种不同的昆虫。
【串记】All kinds of food appeared on the table. They are so kind that we have been treated with such kindness by them. 桌子上出现了各种各样的食物。他们是如此的善良，以至于他们都对我们很好。
【辨析】kind，sort，type，class
这些名词均有“种、类、类型”之意。kind指性质相同，而且特征很相似，足以归为一类的人或东西。sort普通用词，文体较kind随便，指对人或对事物进行的大概分类，有时含贬义。type指客观界限比较清楚，有相同本质特点的同类事物，或指大致相似的同类事物。class正式用词，指门类、种类或优劣等级；用于指动植物的分类时，表示“纲”。
359. knock /nɒk/ n. & v. 敲，打，击；敲击/打声；相/碰撞
【拓展】
knock at/on 敲(门、窗等)；敲；打；敲击
knock down击落，拆除，迫使某人降价
knock into 撞上；与…相撞
knock off敲掉，中止(停止)，匆匆赶完
knock out击倒，击昏，打败
knock over 打翻；撞倒
【例句】The courier was in such a hurry that he knocked into a waiter at the gate. 信使如此匆忙，以至于在门口撞到了一个侍者。。
【串记】He knocked at the door but there was no one there, so he knock it down. Then, he dashed into the room and knocked over the cup on the table. 他敲了门但没有人，于是他就把门拆卸了。他冲进屋里撞上了桌子，把桌上的茶杯打翻了。
360. know /nəʊ/ (knew，known) v. 知道，了解；认识；懂得
【拓展】
know about了解，知道
know A from B区分A和B
know of知道(有)……，听说过
know one's job懂行，在行
be known to all众所周知
know-it-all万事通
be known as 被称为；被认为是；作为…著称
be known for 因…而众所周知
be known to sb. 为某人所知
knowing a. 会意的
knowledge n. 知识，学问
come to sb．’s knowledge被某人知道
to sb．’s knowledge据某人所知
knowledgeable a. 知识渊博的，有知识的
形近词：acknowledge v. 承认；答谢
【例句】①I know your brother by sight，but have never spoken to him．我和你兄弟面熟，但从来没有跟他谈过话。
②They are twins and it’s difficult to know one from the other．他们是双胞胎，很难辨认出谁是谁。
【串记】He is known for his cleverness. He has a lot of knowledge and is known as a knowledgeable person. 他是因为太聪明而被人熟知的，他有很多知识，被称作知识渊博的人。

【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. He says that the corruption caused serious       (injure) to his reputation.
2. The actors       (inspire) the kids with their enthusiasm.
3. Each candidate is given detailed         (instruct) in safety.
4. I wasn’t sure if he was really          (interest) or if he was just being polite.
5. There are two among their recent          (introduce) that have greatly impressed me.
6. The        (invent) of the computer has revolutionized the business world.
7. Roger never turns down an          (invite) to dinner.
8. School officials say they welcome parental        (involve) in children’s education.
9. Mr. Nunn has         (kind) agreed to let us use his barn for the dance.
10. Children have a strong sense of           (just), and this quality is worth preserving.
二、单句改错。
1. The general manager insisted upon check everything himself.
2. This money is intended to the development of the tourist industry.
3. It’s interested to watch the baby make faces in front of the adults.
4. The first lecture introduces students with the main topics of the course.
5. Gail invited me for stay with her while her husband was out of town.
6. Unfortunately, few tell you what it is that the interviewee is really looking for.
7. The queen is known for the most charming woman of the whole world.
8. The secretary went directly to Simon's apartment and knocked the door.
9. Smoking is know to increase a person’s risk of developing lung cancer.
10. The top universities aim to select the most intelligence students.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. We                 (坚持) the highest standards of cleanliness in the hotel.
2. Ben has                          (对…有兴趣) learning French.
3. The drug is commonly                  (被称作)Ecstasy.
4.                      (令我高兴的是), everyone in our class passed the final test.
5.                   (根据…判断) his cheerful manner, he must have enjoyed his meal.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 你知道这地方有什么好餐馆吗？(know of)
                                                                                    
2. 我一再跟你说，但你就是不肯听！(keep doing)
                                                                                         
3. 三十多家软件公司参与了这项工程。（be involved in）
                                                                             
4. 众所周知，不是所有的法官都是正直的(It is known that)
                                                                           
5. 请您费心继续通知他们好吗? (be so kind as to)
                                                                        







【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. injury  2. inspired  3. instructions   4. interested   5. introductions    6. invention  7. invitation   8. involvement  9. kindly  10. justice
二、单句改错。
1. check→checking   2. to→for   3. interested→interesting  4. with→to  5. for→to
6. interviewee→interviewer  7. for→as  8. 在knocked 后面加on/at   9. know→known
  10. intelligence→intelligent
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. insist on  2. shown an interest in  3. known as  4. To my joy  5. Judging by
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. Do you know of any good restaurants in the area?
2. I keep telling you, but you won’t listen!
3. More than 30 software firms were involved in the project.
4. It is known that not all judges are just.
5. Would you please be so kind as to keep informing them.

高考英语核心词汇拓展  Day 19

361. lack /læk/ n. & vt. 缺乏，缺少
【拓展】
lack for需要
lack for nothing什么也不缺
for(from，by，through)lack of因缺乏……而……
a lack of 缺乏，缺少
lacking a. 缺乏的，不足的
be lacking in缺少，没有
【例句】①Her decision seems to show a lack of judgement.她的决定似乎显示出缺乏判断力。
②He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.他工作不错，但似乎缺乏信心。
【串记】Too many teachers are treated with a lack of respect, So they are lacking in confidence. 有太多老师得不到尊重，因此他们缺乏自信。

362. land /lænd/ n. 陆地；土地；v. 登岸（陆）；降落
【拓展】
by land由陆路
land up最后落得(在……)，结果……到达(发现在……)
landlord n. 房东，老板；地主
landscape n. 风景；风景画
landing n.  登陆；码头；楼梯平台
main land 大陆
【例句】①In ten minutes the plane will land in Beijing.飞机十分钟后将会在北京着陆。
②They landed up not only having to apologize but also offering to pay.他们最后不但要道歉,还要付出代价。
【串记】There hangs a landscape on the wall of the landlord's house. 在房东家的墙上挂了一副风景画。
363. large /lɑːdʒ/ a. (体/面/容积)巨大的；多的，量大的
【拓展】
by and large大体而论，总的说来
have large hand in在…出了很大的力量
in (the) large一般说来 (generally speaking)
enlarge v. 扩大；放大
【例句】A large number of interviewees lack experience. 大量的参加面试者缺乏经验。
【串记】The country has a large population, and the two-child policy has enlarged the problem. 这个国家人口众多，二胎政策扩大了这个问题。
364. last /lɑːst/ a. 最近的，刚过去的；最后的；最不可能的；ad. 最后；v. 持续；支撑，维持
【拓展】
at last终于
to the last直至最后
every last全部(所有的)，一点不留的
last but not least 最后但并不是最不重要的lasting a. 持久的；永恒的
【例句】I didn’t read the last chapter of the book. 我没有看这本书的最后一章。
【串记】Last but not least, love lasts forever. 最后但并不是最不重要的，爱是永恒的。
365. late /leɪt/ a. 晚的，迟的；ad. 晚地，迟地 (反early)
【拓展】
early and late从早到晚
early or late迟早
keep late hour晚起晚睡
of late近来，最近
sit(stay)up late深夜不睡
lately  ad. 近来，不久前(同recently)
later ad. 后来；稍后；随后
later on以后，下回
no later than不迟于
sooner or later迟早，总有一天
latest a. 最新的，最近的
at the latest最迟，至迟
latter a. 后者的(反former)；近来的
【例句】I was too late by five minutes for the train．我迟到5分钟，未赶上火车。
【串记】Lately, the singer released her latest album. 最近，那位歌手发布她最新的专辑。
366. laugh /lɑːf/ v. 笑; n. 笑声
【拓展】
laugh at嘲笑，看到(听到)……而笑
laugh off一笑了之
have the last laugh获得最后胜利
burst out laughing 突然笑起来；不禁大笑
laughter n. 笑；笑声
burst into laughter突然大笑
【例句】①He could tell she was in a bad mood, and tried to laugh her out of it.他看出她心情不好，想逗她笑好让她不再想烦恼的事。
②Her laugh was as grateful to him as a summer wind.她的笑声对于他好象夏天的风一样令人愉快。
【串记】Although the knowledgeable candidate has always been laughed at, now he has the last laugh. Finally, he sat among the treasures and burst out laughing. 虽然那位渊博的候选人一直被人嘲笑，但现在他笑到了最后。最终，他坐在财宝堆里放声大笑。
367. lay vt. (laid，laid)  放，搁(同place)；布置，安排；下(蛋)，产(卵)
【拓展】
lay aside把……留待后用，放弃，搁置一旁；收藏；储蓄(存)，保留
lay down放下，铺(敷)设，建造(船只等)； lay off临时解雇，休息(假)
lay out陈设，陈列；安排，布置；设计，编排，计划；为……划样(定线)；展开
lay over推迟；中途下车
lay stress(emphasis)on(upon)强调
lay up储存；收费；病倒(在床)；引起，增添(麻烦等)；闲置不用，暂停使用
layer n. 层，层次
【例句】①He laid his hand on my shoulder．他把手放在我的肩上。
②They laid stress on the quality of their products．他们强调产品质量。
【串记】There were too many layers of management in the company. So 100 of the staff will be laid off to reduce the costs. 这家公司管理层太多。因此，100名工作人员将被解雇以减少成本。
【辨析】place，put，set，lay均有“放”的意思。lay强调“平放，横放”，引申为“铺”，含有小心的意思,place较为正式用词，强调放在指定的地点或一定的地方；而不强调“放”的动作；put为最常用词，可用于任何场合，强调把某物移入或移出某个位置，并放在那里,set指为某种目的把某物放在一定或确定的位置上后不再挪动，也可指竖直摆放。
368. lead /li:d / n. 铅；领先；v. (led，led) 通向；领导，带领；领先；致使，导致
【拓展】
give a lead起带头作用
in the lead在前头，领先
lead aside留起。放在一边
lead in引进
lead off开始，先做，首先
lead the fashion创立新式样，开创新风尚
lead the way(to)引路，带路到……
take the lead带头，领先
lead to 通向；导致
leader n. 领导者；首领
leadership n. 领导能力；领导阶层
leading a. 领导的；主要的
【例句】Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems. 食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
【串记】The leader's leadership is outstanding and he leads many activities. However, this misjudgment led to the team's defeat. 这个领导者的领导能力很突出，很多活动都是他带的头。然而，这次的判断失误导致了队伍的失败。
369. learn /lɜːn/ v. 学习/会；领悟，认识到；获悉，得知
【拓展】
learn …by heart记住，记熟，背下来
learn (sth.)from向……学习，从……学习
learn of (about)听说，获悉，得知
learn one's lesson吸取教训
learn to do sth. 学做某事
learned a. 博学的，有学问的  
learning n. 学习；学问
learner n. 初学者，学习者
【例句】The student will learn from experience about the importance of planning. 学生将从经验中学到制订计划的重要性。
【串记】The learner has been learning from the learned elder, he not only learned to think, but also learned a lot of knowledge. 这个初学者一直在向有学问的长者学习，他不仅学会了思考，而且学到了很多知识。
370. leave /liːv/ (left，left) v. 离开；把…留下，剩下；使处于；造成，留下；遗忘，丢下；把…交委托给；n. 休假
【拓展】
leave alone不干扰，不干预，不理会
leave behind留下，忘带，遗留，先走
leave go放开，放手
leave off停止，中断，放弃
leave out漏掉，遗漏，删除，省略
leave over剩下，留下，使……延期
leave sb./sth. doing sth. 让某人/某事做某事
leave …sb./sth. done adj.& adv. 保持某人/物处于(某种状态)
leave (sw.) for 离开(某地)前往
leave sth. with/to sb. 把…留给某人
on leave 休假；在休假中
leave of absence请假
without leave擅自，私自
【例句】The wound has left a little scar on your face．这创伤在你脸上留下了一个小疤。
【串记】Leave it with Barry, and he took up the story where Justine had left off. So, you can go out on leave. 把这件事交给巴里吧，他接着讲贾丝廷刚才讲的那个故事。这样，你就可以出去休假了。
371. lie /laɪ/ v. (lay, lain, lying)躺，平放；位于；存在；(lied, lied) 撒谎；n. 谎言
【拓展】
lie around/about 点缀；到处都是；无所事事
lie down 躺下
lie in 在于
lie to 对…撒谎
tell a lie/lies 撒谎
liar n. 说谎的人
【例句】①Lying is something that I will not tolerate. 撒谎是我所不能容忍的。
②Her charm lies in her intelligence．她的魅力在于她的智慧。
【串记】He is a liar and a cheat and he lies to everyone. Yesterday, he told another lie. 他是个骗子，他对每个人都说谎。昨天，他又撒了一个谎。
372. lift /lɪft/ v. 举起，抬起；振奋，鼓舞；(云、烟等)消散；n.(英)电梯(美elevator)；搭便车(同ride)
【拓展】
lift one’s hand 举手宣誓
give ab. a lift 让某人搭车；帮某人忙
lift up 举起；激励
【例句】They lifted the injured man onto the bed. 他们把伤员抬到床上。
【串记】Last year, he lifted his hand and swore that he would love her forever. But now he was unwilling to give her a lift. She lifted up her hand to knock on the door once again. 去年，他发誓永远爱她。但是现在他却不愿意帮她的忙。她再次举手敲门。
【辨析】
lift (up) (用手或机器)抬/提/举起(尤指重物)；
raise (暂时)抬/提/举起(比lift正式)；
pick up 拾起，拿起(尤指小或轻的物体)。
373. light /laɪt/ (lit/lighted, lit/lighted) n.光(线)；灯；a. 明亮的；浅色的(反dark)；轻的(反heavy)；少量的，清淡的(反heavy)
【拓展】
bring sth．to light揭露，暴露
by the light of nature本能地，自然而然地
come to light暴露出来，暴露
in(the)light of根据，按照，鉴于throw(cast)light on使…显得清楚；阐明
light up 照亮；点亮
as light as feather轻如鸿毛
light music轻音乐
to make light of不把……当回事，轻视
lighten v. 减轻；发亮
lighter n. 打火机；驳船；点火者
lightly ad. 轻轻地；轻松地
lightning n. 闪电
【例句】①I can't read while you are standing in my light.你挡住了我的光线，我没法看书。
②I advise you to go on a light diet for a while.
我建议你一段时间内多吃些清淡的东西。③Her face lit up when she saw he was coming.当她看到他走过来的时候，她的脸亮了起来。
【串记】The leader used a lighter to light up the light, and at the moment, the light lit up the room. The truths finally come to light. 领导使用打火机轻轻的点亮了灯，一瞬间，灯光照亮了房间。一切终于真相大白。
374. like /laɪk/ vt. 喜欢，喜爱(反dislike) ；prep. 像，跟…一样(反unlike)；例/比如
【拓展】
like doing/to do sth. 喜欢做某事
would/should like to do sth.愿意做某事/应该做某事
How do you like……? 你认为……怎么样?
(do)as you like随你喜欢
if you like如果你乐意
feel like想要；觉得要
just like恰像，正像
look like好像，似乎，看来
nothing like无与伦比的，没有什么比得上nothing like as(so)……as……远远不像……那样……，差得远
something like好像，大约，有点(像)
【例句】①I like watching TV，but I don't like to watch it today as I have to finish the work first．我喜欢看电视，但今天我不想看，因为我必须先要做完作业。②Would you like something to drink now?现在你想喝点什么吗?
③What is the weather like in Kunming?昆明的天气如何?
【串记】Everyone has their own likes and dislikes, so would you like to take this job? 每个人都有自己的好恶，所以你愿意接受这份工作吗？
375. likely /'laɪklɪ/ a. & ad. 很可能的/地(反unlikely)
【拓展】
it is likely that 很可能
be likely to do sth. 可能会做某事
not likely 不见得，不大可能
be unlikely to do sth. 不太可能做某事
【例句】Children who live in the country’s rural areas are very likely to be poor. 住在该国乡村地区的孩子大多很贫穷。
【串记】Tickets are likely to be expensive, but the actor is unlikely to appear. 入场券可能很贵，但是这个演员不太可能出场。
376. limit /'lɪmɪt/ n.& a. 限制/定/度
【拓展】
to the utmost limit达到极点
within limits适当地，在一定范围内
without limit无限地
limit …to把…限于(某范围内)
set a limit for 为…设限制
limitation n. 限制；限度；极限
limited a. 有限的
limitless a. 无限制的；无界限的
【例句】We must limit ourselves to one cake each．我们必须限定自己每人一块点心。
【串记】The value is limited to this range, and this proves that nothing is limitless. 数值被限制在这个范围内，这证明了没有什么是无限的。
377. link /lɪŋk/ n.& v. 连接；联系，关联(同connect, connection)
【拓展】
establish a link between A and B建立A与B之间的联系
link A to/with B 把A和B连接/联系起来
be closely linked to与……紧密相连
link up 连接;结合
link up with 与…联合;使与…衔接
link with 将…与…相连;与…联合
【例句】The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.新建的大桥把那个岛与大陆连接起来。
【串记】Newspapers have linked his name with the singer. Actually, this connection is unnecessary. 报纸报道把他的名字与那名歌手连在一起。其实这种联系不是必须的。
【辨析】见join
378. little /'lɪt(ə)l/ a. & ad. 小的，幼小的；少(的)，几乎没有的；微不足道的
【拓展】
a little(同a bit)/a little bit 有点；有几分
little by little逐渐，渐渐地
make little of不重视，轻视
not a little相当，许多
quite a little相当多，不少
think little of不在乎，看不起
【例句】There was little change in their daily lives.他们的日常生活几乎没有变化。
【串记】Little by little, he gained quite a little knowledge about liquor. 渐渐地，他获得不少关于酒的知识。
【辨析】little/a little/ few/ a few
little/a little修饰不可数名词，
few/a few修饰可数名词；
little/few表示“很少，几乎没有”的意思，带否定的语气；
a little和a few表示“有一点，有一些”的意思，带肯定的语气。
379. live /laɪv；lɪv/ vi. 生活；居住；活着；a. 活的，活着的；a. & ad. 实况，现场(直播)的/地
【拓展】
live a/an …life 过着…的生活(同have/lead a/an …life)
live by 以…(方式)为生
live on 以…为食；靠...生活
live through 度过；经受过
live up to 不辜负；做到；实践
live with 忍受；与…同居
life n.生命，性命，生存，
all one’s life一生
a large a life与真人(或原物)一样大的
come to life苏醒过来
to the life逼真地，惟妙惟肖地
lively a. 活泼的；生动的
living a. 活的；现存的；n. 生计；生活方式
make a living /earn one’s living谋生，维持生活
alive a. 活着的；活泼的
【例句】 The playwright makes a living by writing and lives a peaceful life. But he failed to live up to his parents’ expectation. 剧作家以写作为生，过着平静的生活。但是他没有达到他的同伴的期望。
【串记】The live program tells a lively example. They lived on barks and lived with hunger until they lived through the hard times. 直播的节目讲述了一个生动的例子。他们以吃树皮为生，一直饿着肚子，直到度过了艰难的日子。
380. load /ləʊd/ n.& v. 负载(物)，负荷/担；工作量；装载/填(反unload)
【拓展】
a load of许多，大批，大量，一大堆
loads of很多的
load up with装满(载)
bear a heavy load on one's shoulder(肩)挑重担
download v. 下载
upload v. 上载，上传
【例句】①That is a load off my mind．这就使我卸掉了思想包袱。
②The truck was loaded with bananas．那卡车装载着香蕉。
【串记】This hard disk is loaded with many files. Please choose what you need to download or upload useful materials. 这个硬盘装载了很多资料，请你挑选需要的进行下载，或者是上传有用的资料。
【辨析】load负担，负荷，指动物或人或车辆负荷运送的东西，有时也指精神上负担；burden负担，主要指动物负载的重物，尤其是人所承受的负担，强调艰巨、费力，在现代英语中，常指精神上的负担。
【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. He is such a        (learn) professor that everyone respects him very much.
2. Their generosity made a        (last) impression on me.
3. The young director’s        (late) film is one of the funniest he’s ever made.
4. The comment brought piles of        (laugh) from her classmates.
5. Travelling can         (large) your knowledge and horizon.
6. The ripe grapes and other fruits         (lay) on the shelves for sale just now.
7. When we are found out to be a         (lie), it will be shameful.
8. The survivors          (lift) to safety by helicopter.
9. By the street light, the workers         (load) the truck. It became empty and left.
10. There exists no         (limit) power or right, even for a king or an emperor.
二、单句改错。
1．All of a sudden, the candidate felt a few nervous, lack in confidence in herself.
2. The lawyer became Senator two years late. He had been planning this for a long time.
3. Lao She’s one of the few writers who can make me can’t help laugh.
4. The project involved lay an oil pipeline across the desert.
5. The delay of the flight led to miss the important international conference.
6. I am convinced that the green hand has learned to his latest mistake.
7. Never leave children play near waters unattended because it's too dangerous.
8. The photographer loaded the camera into film and took pictures of them with her camera.
9. The homeless child led a miserable life and had to steal food just to stay living.
10. He is likely visit us if he knows where we live. So let's tidy up the room first.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. Despite his                  (缺乏) experience, he managed to get the job.
2. Interest in golf has grown rapidly                            (在过去十年).
3. The landing                     (很可能)is likely to succeed.
4. China                     (带头) in declaring war on terrorism.
5. In education, educates are not just taught to                    (谋生).

四、根据括号的意思翻译句子。
1. 体育馆的座位限定在 3000个。(be limited to)
                                                                                   
2. 学生作业负担重，但是善于安排时间可以减轻负担。(be loaded with, lighten the load)
                                                                                 
3. 他停止弹钢琴，应门去了。(leave off)
                                                                                 
4. 今天我们要讨论与不良饮食和运动相对缺乏相关的健康问题。（link to, lack of）
                                                                                 
5.如果你要去机场，我可以搭顺风车去吗？(give sb. a lift)
                                                                                 

【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. learned  2. lasting  3. latest  4. laughter   5. enlarge   6. were laid  7. liar  8. were lifted   9. unloaded  10. limitless/unlimited
二、单句改错。
1. few→ little  2. late→later  3. laugh→laughing   4. lay→laying   5. miss→missing  6. to→from  7. play→playing   8. into→with  9. living→alive  10. 在likely后面加to
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. lack of   2. in/over the last ten years   3. is likely to  4. takes the lead  5. make a living/earn their living  
四、根据括号的意思翻译句子。
1. The seating of the stadium is limited to 3000.
2. Students are loaded with heavy homework, but good time management can lighten the load.
3. He left off playing the piano to answer the door.
4. Today we're discussing health problems linked to poor diet and a relative lack of exercise.
5. If you're driving to the airport, can you give me a lift there?

高考英语核心词汇拓展  Day 20

381. locate /lə(ʊ)'keɪt/ v. 找出/确定…的位置，位于，坐落于(常用被动态)
【拓展】
be located in/on/…位于；坐落于
locate in定居
location n. 位置；地点
【例句】①Can you locate Paris on the map?你能在地图上找到巴黎的位置吗?
②The business is located in the center of town. 这家商店就在市中心。
【串记】Do you know the location of the Oriental Pearl Tower? It is located in Shanghai. 你知道东方明珠的位置吗？ 它位于上海。
382. long /lɒŋ/ a. 长的，长期的；ad. 长久；vi. 渴望，盼望
【拓展】
as(或so)long as只要
before long不久，一会儿
for long长久地
long ago很久以前
long before在……以前，很久
no longer/not …any longer不再
as long再见
the long and the short of(it is that)实质是……，总之……，要点
long for 渴望(得到)
long to do sth. 渴望做某事
long-term a. 长期的
length n. 长度，长→lengthen v. 使延长；加长
【例句】①We longed for the summer to be over soon．我们盼望夏天赶快结束。
②What’s the length of the world's longest bridge? 世界上最长的桥有多长？
【串记】A long time ago, you could be successful as long as you work hard. There was a scholar who longed for fame. Then, he no longer wasted his time and he read a book in his room all day long. Before long, he succeeded. 很久以前，你一定能成功只要你努力。有一个书生他渴望获取功名，于是他不再浪费时光，整天都在读书。不久以后，他成功了。
383. look /lʊk/ n. 看, 瞧；表情；样子；(常复)相貌；v. 看，观看，寻找，注意，留神；link v. 看起来，似乎，显得
【拓展】
look about/around/round 四处寻找；考虑；察看
look after照顾 (同take care of, care for)
look ahead (to sth.) 预测未来，计划未来
look at 看；考虑；着眼于
look away from 把目光从…移开
look back 回顾；回头看
look back on/upon 回顾；回忆
look down on/upon 看不起；轻视；蔑视
look for 寻找
look forward to (doing) sth. 盼望(做)某事
look sb. in the eye 正视某人
look into 调查；观察；窥视
look on 观看，旁观；看待
look on/upon …as 把…看作
look out (for) 留心，提防；留意找，设法得到
look sb. up and down 上下打量某人
look through 浏览；温习；看穿，识破
look up 仰望；尊敬；查阅
look up to 尊敬
have/take a look (at) 看一看；检查
【例句】He has learned to look about carefully before making the decision．他学会了在作出决定之前先仔细地考虑一下。
【串记】We're really looking forward to seeing you again. Looking back on the road we have traveled together, some people looked down on us, only you looked up to us. 我们真的很期待再见到你。回首我们一起走过的路，有些人看不起我们，只有你尊敬我们。
【辨析】look/see/watch/ glance
look通常表示主动地、有意识地“看”,侧重指看的行为；see通常指看的客观结果,即“看见”;也有看望之意，相当于vist；还可指看电影；watch也指有意识地看,但往往指仔细地盯着看事物的变化或运动；glance 瞥，看一眼。
384. loose /luːs,lus/ a. 松的，宽松的(反tight)；v. 松开
【拓展】
at a loose end(at loose ends)投有事做，无所适从
come loose变松，松开；脱出
let(set，turn)loose释放，放出；放开，放任……自由行动
loosely ad. 宽松地；放荡地；轻率地
loosen v.  放松；松开
【例句】She wore loose garments in the summer.她在夏天穿宽松的衣服。
【串记】Feeling too tight, the kid loosened his shoelaces. 孩子觉得太紧了，就松开了鞋带。
385. lose /luːz/ (lost，lost) vt. 失去，丢失；迷失/路；输掉(反win)
【拓展】
be lost in陷入(沉思等)；消失在……中；被……所吸引
be lost on(upon)对……不起作用；未被……领会；未引起注意
lost face丢面子，丢脸
lose heart(courage)灰心，泄气(丧失勇气)
lose no time(in)立即
lose one's temper发脾气，发火
lose one's way迷路
lose oneself迷失方向
lose oneself in sth．专心于，埋头于，致力于lose sight of看不见，忽略
lose weight减肥，减轻体重
loss n. 丧失；损耗；迷茫
at a loss困惑，不知所措；亏本地
【例句】Lost in thought，she did not hear what the men were saying．她在沉思中没有听见人们在说什么。
【串记】His comments left me at a loss for words and I was also lost in a daze. 他的评论让我不知说什么才好，我陷入了迷茫。
386. loud /laʊd/ a. 大声的；ad. 大声地
【拓展】
loudly ad. 大声地，响亮地
aloud ad. 大声地；出声地
loudspeaker n. 喇叭，扬声器；扩音器
【例句】I couldn't hear what he said because the radio was so loud.我听不见他说些什么,因为收音机声音太大。
【串记】They laughed loudly in the live program, and the sound came from the loudspeaker. 他们笑的很大声，这个声音从喇叭中传出来。
387. love /lʌv/ v. 爱，热/喜爱(反hate)；n. 爱情
【拓展】
be in love with与…恋爱
fall in love with爱上；陷入爱河
love doing/to do sth. 喜欢做某事
would love (sb.) to do sth. 愿意(某人)做某事
show love for表达对…的爱
lovely a. 可爱的；令人愉快的
lover n. 爱人，恋人；爱好者
【例句】Any teaching activity is a kind of human activity and should show love for humanity. 任何教育教学活动总是为人的活动，应当充满对于人性的关爱。
【串记】The fan fell in love with the footballer the first time she met him. Now he is her lover. The both love to watch movies together on weekends. 粉丝第一次见足球运动员就陷入了爱河。现在他是她的恋人，他们都喜欢在周末一起看电影。
388. luck /lʌk/ n. 运气，好运
【拓展】
bad luck 运气不好，坏运气
try one’s luck 碰碰运气
good luck to you/wish you good luck 祝你好运
good luck (with sh.)  祝……好运
out of luck运气不佳,倒霉
lucky a. 幸运的；侥幸的(反unlucky)  
luckily ad. 幸好，侥幸；幸运地
【例句】He came to Beijing to try his luck.他来到北京，想碰碰运气。
【串记】Luckily, when my lover tried his luck for the first time, he made it. 幸运的是，当我的爱人第一次尝试他的运气时，他成功了。
389. mad /mæd/ a. 发疯的；生气的；狂怒的；狂热的，着迷的(同crazy)
【拓展】
be mad at/with sb. 生某人的气
be mad about对……着迷
drive sb．mad使某人发狂
get mad(at)愤怒
go mad 发疯；失去理智
like mad 疯狂地；猛然地；极度地
madly ad．发狂地；狂热地；愚蠢地
【例句】It was a mad idea to climb the mountain in this bad weather．想在这样恶劣的天气爬山简直疯了。
【串记】I hung up on her. Although I knew she was mad with me, I will go mad. Because that noise is driving me mad. I had to run like mad to get rid of the noise. 我挂断了她的电话。虽然我知道她在生我的气，但我快发疯的。因为那噪音快把我逼疯了。为了摆脱这噪音，我不得不拼命地跑。
390. major /'meɪdʒə/ a. 较大的；主要的(反minor)；n. 专业，主修科目；v. 主修，专攻
【拓展】major in 主修
majority n. 多数；成年(反minority n. 少数派；少数民族；未成年)
【例句】I major in English and minor in French．我主修英语，兼修法语。
【串记】The majority major in science. 大多数学生主修理科。
391. make /meɪk/ v. 做，制造，生产；制定，写；挣得；使，让；成为，变成
【拓展】
make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
make sb./sth. done 使某人/某事完成
make …into 把…制成；使…变为
be made of/from 由…所组成/由…制成
make for      朝……行进；对……有好处；有利于
make it做成；成功；及时到达，赶得上
make one’s way 前进；成功
make out(勉强地)看出，听出；理解；填写；辨认出；声称
make sense      有意义，讲得通
make up      组成；编造；化妆；占据
make up for      弥补，补偿
be made up of      由……组成
make up one's mind to do sth.      下定决心做某事
make-up n. 化妆品；补考
【例句】①I could hear voices but I couldn't make out what they were saying.我能听到说话的声音，却听不清他们在说什么。
②In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations.在一些语言中，100个词构成了日常对话使用的所有词汇的一半。
③She determined to work twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time. 她决心比以前努力工作两倍，以弥补失去的时间。
④He had no choice but to make up an excuse to explain his being late. 他别无选择，只能找借口解释他迟到。
⑤Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.莎拉赶到了机场，正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机。
【串记】I couldn’t make out its raw material, and the make-up is made from wood. I’m so sad, because I made you buy this brand of cosmetics, and it's a fake. So, you can’t wear make-up and I shall make up for you. 我不能辨认出它的原料，这个化妆品是用木头做的。我很难过，因为我让你买这个牌子的化妆品，它是假货。所以，你不能用它化妆，而我要补偿你。
392. manage /'mænɪdʒ/ v. 管理，经营；设法做成；对付，控制；合理利用
【拓展】
manage to do sth.设法做(反fail to do sth. 未能做/没做成某事)
manage without没有(缺少)……而应付过去
manage it能做到
manage sth. 经营/管理……
(2)succeed in doing...成功地做成了……
try to do...努力做……(不一定成功)
management n. 管理；管理人员/部门
manager n. 经理；管理人员
【例句】 ①We managed to finish the work ahead of time.我们设法提前完成了工作。
②In winter, some animals manage to live without eating for many months.在冬天,有些动物几个月不吃东西也能活下来。
③I’ll leave the management of my affairs to you．我要把我的事交给你管理。
【串记】The manager managed to get to the airport in time. 经理设法及时赶到了机场。
393. manner /'mænə/ n. 方式/法，态度，举止；(常复)礼貌/仪
【拓展】
in this manner以这种方式
in like manner同样地
all manner (s)of各式各样的
【例句】You should pay attention to your table manners．你应该注意用餐时的礼貌规矩。
【串记】It is bad manners to stare at others. If you do in this manner, you will offend them. 盯着别人看是不礼貌的。如果你这样做，你会冒犯他们的。
394. many /'menɪ/ (more, most) a. 许多，多的；pron. 许多(人)
【拓展】
a great(good)many很多
as many as 和……一样多
how many多少
many a许多的(后面名词用单数，动词也要用单数)
【例句】He knows a great(good)many people in this city．他在这城里认识的人非常(相当)多。
【串记】There were as many as 1000 people at the party. Among those who drank at the party, many a good man has been destroyed by drink. 晚会上有多达1000人。在聚会喝酒的人当中，有许多好人被酒毁了。
395. mark /mɑːk/ n. 标记/志；痕迹，污渍；分数；vt. 标明，作记号于；给…评分
【拓展】
(1)mark ... on ...在……上做记号
mark ... with ...      用……标记……
be marked with      标记着
mark down      记下
mark out      画线标出
mark the beginning/end of 标志着…的开端/结束
(2)get a low/high/full mark得低分/高分/满分
make a mark      做记号
give sb．full marks for(doing)sth．(为某事)赞赏(敬仰)某人
be(fall)beside the mark不中肯，离题
have a mark on喜欢，爱好
make one’s mark获得成功，成名
【例句】①I picked up a copybook yesterday marked with name and class.昨天我捡到了一个标有姓名和班级的抄写本。
②Marking out the courses for the sports meeting gave us much pleasure as well as knowledge.为运动会画比赛跑道带给我们快乐的同时也让我们学到了很多知识。
【串记】This technology marks the beginning of a new era. Teachers won’t have to mark students’ papers one by one or leave any marks on papers. 这项技术标志着一个新时代的开始。老师不需要一个一个地给学生的试卷打分，也不需要在试卷上留下任何记号。

396. marry /'mærɪ/ v. 嫁，娶；和…结婚；（使）成/结婚
【拓展】
(1)marry sb.娶某人/嫁给某人/和某人结婚
marry sb. to sb.      把某人嫁给某人
(2)married adj.      已婚的
get married to sb.      和某人结婚(表示动作)
be married to sb.      和某人结婚(表示状态)
(3)marriage n.      婚姻
by marriage      通过(借助于)婚姻
remarry n. 再婚
【例句】①It soon came out that Peter was going to get married to Alice.不久大家知道了彼得和艾丽斯将要结婚的消息。
②It is the fact that she is English by birth but French by marriage.事实上她是英国血统，但嫁给法国人而入了法国籍。
③My parents got married in the early 1970s, so they have been married for more than 40 years by now.我父母在二十世纪七十年代初期结婚，因此，到目前为止他们结婚已有四十多年了。
【点津】1.marry 不和 with 搭配；marry 和 get married  都是非延续的，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用；be married to sb. 表示状态，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
2.说“A和B两人的婚姻”时有四种说法：marriage of A and B；marriage between A and B；marriage of A to B；marriage of A with B。
【串记】She thought that her marriage was unhappy because of poverty. So she was determined to marry all of her daughters to rich men. However, her second daughter is married and now the daughter has to remarry after divorce. 她认为她的婚姻不幸福是因为贫穷。所以，她决定把所有的女儿都嫁给有钱人。然而，她的第二个女儿结婚了，现在这个女儿只能离婚后再婚了。
397. master /'mɑːɑːs tə/ n. (男)主人；能手，大师；硕士；vt. 精通，掌握
【拓展】
be master of拥有，精通
be master of oneself自制
master’s degree 硕士学位
master of arts/science 文学硕士/理科硕士
mastery n. 精通，掌握
have a good mastery of精通
【例句】We can be a master of ourselves in learning.我们可以做自我学习上的主人。
【串记】My master has a good mastery of computer operation. He got a master's degree in computer science at college. 我的师傅精通计算机操作。他在大学获得了计算机科学硕士学位。
398. match /mætʃ/ vt. 使相配/成对；和……相配/称；匹敌(同equal)；与……一致；n. 比/竞赛; 敌/对手(同equal)；相配的人/物；火柴
【拓展】
(1)match...against让……同……较量；拿……与……比较
match...with...使……与……相配
(2)be no match for比不上……，不是……的对手
meet one’s match遇到对手
【例句】①You can’t match him in knowledge of wild plants. 在野生植物的知识上，你无法与他匹敌。
②Then I noticed that he was wearing shoes that did not match. 然后我注意到他穿着不相配的鞋子。
③I was no match for him at chess. 在国际象棋方面，我比不上他。
④We try to match the entertainments with the preferences of the holidaymakers. 我们尽量将娱乐与度假者的喜好相匹配。
【串记】Materially, its material is similar to that of this CPU. It matches this computer. 在物质上，它的材料类似于这个CPU。它和这台电脑很相配。
399. matter /'mætə/ n. 要紧(事)；事情；问题；毛病，麻烦事；事态，情况(同things)；[U]物质；vi. 要紧，有重大关系(同count)
【拓展】
(1)It matters a lot/a great deal＋从句    ……非常重要
It doesn't matter ...没有关系/不重要
What matters is ...      要紧的是……
(2)a matter of ...      ……的问题
as a matter of fact      实际上，事实上
What's the matter?      (口语)怎么了？
to make matters worse      更糟糕的是
【例句】①So long as you are happy, it doesn't matter how much I will suffer.
只要你幸福，我受多少苦都不要紧。
②And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.
而且更糟糕的是，它的新主人并没有打算给它所需要的资金。
【串记】As a matter of fact, it doesn't matter whether a man is tall, rich or handsome, and what matters is that he should be wise, hardworking and responsible.实际上，男人是否是高富帅并不重要，重要的是他聪明、能干而且有责任心。
400. mean /xmiːn/ (meant，meant) vt. 意味着；意思是，意指；打算；a. 吝啬的，小气的
【拓展】
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean a lot/much to sb. 对某人很重要
What do you mean by…? 你说…是什么意思？
means n. 手段；方法
by means of用……办法；借助……
by all means尽一切方法；当然可以
by no means＝not by any means绝不，一点也不位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序
meaning n. 意义；含义
meaningful a. 有意义的(反meaningless)
【例句】①Do you mean to tell me you don't care for modern art?你的意思是告诉我你不喜欢现代艺术,是不是?
②Independence does not mean shutting the door to the world.独立自主并不是闭关自守。
③So far，every possible means has been tried，but none worked. 到目前为止，所有可能的方法都尝试过（尝试），但都没有奏效。
④People all over the world are kept informed of what is happening immediately by means of
the Internet．通过网络，世界各地的人们可以随时了解发生的事情。
⑤I’ll forgive you this time，but by no means shall you make the mistake again. 这次我会原谅你的，但你决不再犯错误。
【串记】I didn’t mean to upset you. However, you should know that dieting also means being careful about which foods you buy. You should know what it means to lose weight. If these foods don't make sense to dieters, your approach is meaningless. On the contrary, it is meaningful. 我不是故意让你不高兴的。然而，你应该知道节食也意味着要小心你买的食物。你应该知道减肥意味着什么。如果这些食物对节食者没有意义，你的方法就没有意义。相反，它是有意义的。

【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1.      (locate) on a lonely island, the temple has few visitors all the year.
2. The waitress fastened the belt       (loose) around her grandmother’s waist.
3. Natural disasters have destroyed too many things, and some families      (lose) everything in the flood.
4.       (luck), the leaders didn’t manage to settle the matter.
5. In the nursing profession, women are in the       (major) because they are patient and kind.
6. The zoo needed better        (manage) rather than more money.
7. Because my sister was crying at dinner, Dad gave us a lecture about table        (manner).
8. She has a complete technical         (master) of her instrument.
9. According to the survey,          (marry) men earn 70 percent more than single men.
10. Lazy as I am, I’m willing to do what I think         (matter).
二、单句改错。
1. It was hard to find a suitable located for the desert scenes.
2. Could you help me look up my contact lens? I remember putting it on the tea table.
3. Any student who is more than 20 minutes late for class will marked absent.
4. Our value system does not match to their value system.
5. The lazy guy never cleans his room and his mother never makes him to do it.
6. She was fond of history when she was young, and when she grew up, she majored on History at Stanford.
7. The master very good at making things to wasted materials.
8. There are many loopholes in our law, and much people feel that the law should be changed.
9. My new job will mean travel all over the world and I like my new job very much.
10. The only mean of communication for the disabled person was sign language.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. The packages should                        (被标上)the same numbers, or there is no way to confirm.
2. The job-seeker                (渴望) the chance to speak to thee director in private.
3. Don't worry about me—I can                          (照顾自己)
4.The doctor with a master’s degree                      (看不起) people who haven't been to college.
5. He had always                           (爱上）the breathtaking landscape of the West.
四、根据括号的意思翻译句子。
1. 我对游戏着迷，爸爸生我的气。(be mad about, be mad at/with)
                                                                                       
2. 不要沉迷在虚拟世界里。(be lost in)
                                                                                       
3. 我设法把这个庞大的动物推走。（manage to do）
                                                                                       
4. 老板说“随便你”是什么意思？(mean…by)
                                                                                       
5. 这样不幸福的婚姻不能再持续下去。（not…any longer）
                                                                                       



【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. Located  2. loosely   3. lost    4. Unluckily   5. majority   6. management     7. manners   8. mastery    9. married   10. matters
   
二、单句改错。
1. located→location   2. up→for   3. 在will和marked之间加 be   4. to→with    5. 去掉to
6. on→in   7. to→from/of   8. much→many  9. travel→travel(l)ing  10. mean→means
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. be marked with   2. Longed/longs for   3. look after myself   4. looks down on/upon   5. been in love with
四、根据括号的意思翻译句子。
1. I am mad about games and Dad is mad at/with me.
2. Don’t be lost in an imaginary world.
3. I managed to push the huge animal away.
4. What does the boss mean by “It’s up to you.”?
5. Such unhappy marriage can’t last any longer.