11
【知词义】
sustain vt.
1. to make sth continue to exist or happen for a period of time 保持，维持，使持续=maintain
2. (formal) to suffer damage, an injury, or loss of money 遭受，经受
3. (formal) if food or drink sustains a person, animal, or plant, it makes them able to live 维持……的生命
4. (formal) to make someone feels strong and helpful 使保持强壮；使保持信心（希望）
5. (formal) to hold up the weight of sth 支撑，承受（重量）
6. (formal) to support an idea or argument, or prove that it is right 支持；证明，证实
【晓变化】
sustainable  adj. 可持续的；不破坏环境的
sustained  adj. 持续的，持久的
sustainability  n. 耐久性
【记搭配】
a sustained attack  持续的攻击
sustain damage/an injury/a defeat  遭受损失；受伤；遭到失败
【仿佳句】
But he has sustained his fierce social conscience from young adulthood through old age.
而他从青年时期一直到老年都始终保持着强烈的社会良知。
The parameters within which life can be sustained on Earth are extraordinarily narrow.
地球上生命可以存活下来的地域范围是非常狭小的。
Every aircraft there has sustained some damage.
那里的每架飞机都受到了一些损坏。
The cash dividends they get from the cash crop would sustain them during the lean season.
从经济作物中获得的收益能帮助他们度过不景气的时期。
I am sustained by letters of support and what people say to me in ordinary daily life.
这些支持的信件和人们每天对我的鼓励一直支撑着我。
Sustained by this wonderful breakfast, it was with restored morale that we re-boarded our plane.
这顿丰盛的早餐补充了我们的体力，我们又精神焕发地登上了飞机。
The evidence is not detailed enough to sustain his argument.
这一证据过于笼统，不足以证明他的论点。
The ice will not sustain your weight.
这冰承受不了你的体重。
The love and support of his family sustained him during his time in prison.
家人的关爱和支持帮助他度过了狱中的岁月。
【巧应用】
1. 教育
为了适应社会进步和实现自我发展，我认为有必要坚持终身学习。
In order to improve ourselves and move with the times, I believe that it is necessary to __________________.
2. 科技
科技公司之间为了各自利益掀起互联网大战，而不考虑用户是否会因此蒙受巨大损失。
Technology companies are waging an Internet war for their own interests, regardless of ____________________________________.
3. 环境
由于政府加大了对大气污染治理的力度，我们可以看到城市的空气质量得到了持续改善。
Thanks to the government’s efforts to control air pollution, we have seen ____________________________________.
4. 传统文化
数千年来，对勤劳以及坚持等传统中华价值观的信仰支撑着中国人渡过难关。
For thousands of years, the belief in traditional Chinese values such as hard work and perseverance ____________________________________.
5. 青少年犯罪
很多实施犯罪行为的青少年，都遭受过持续的伤害，比如家庭暴力和同学的欺凌。
Most young criminals have experienced __________ trauma before, such as domestic violence and bullying from classmates.
6. 健康
丰富的早餐会支撑我们一上午精力充沛，所以不要因为想多睡一会儿就不吃早餐。
___________________________________________________, so don’t miss your breakfast just for more sleep.
7. 合作
团队合作的好处在于它提供了一个人人互相帮助互相支持的环境，这能够提高工作效率。
The good thing about teamwork is that it can provide an environment where ____________________________________, which improves work efficiency.
8. 成功
在我们实现梦想的道路上，对成功的渴望会支撑我们克服困难，抵制诱惑。
On our path to realizing dreams, the desire for success will ____________________________________ and help us resist temptations.






【答案】
1. sustain lifelong learning
2. whether users will sustain huge losses or not
3. a sustained improvement in air quality
4. has sustained Chinese people through difficulties
5. sustained
6. A well-balanced breakfast will sustain you in the morning
7. everyone sustains each other
8. sustain us through difficulties

12
【知词义】
threaten
1.vt. to say that you will cause trouble, hurt sb., etc. if they do not do what you want 扬言要；威胁；恐吓
2. vt. to be likely to harm or destroy sth. 威胁到，危及
3. vi. & vt. to be likely to happen or be in a bad situation （不利的事）将要发生；可能引起（不利的后果）
【晓变化】
threat  n. 威胁，恐吓
threatening  adj. （行为）带有威胁的；（天气）阴沉沉的
【记搭配】
threaten to do sth.  威胁要做某事
threaten sb. with sth.  用某事威胁某人
threaten sb’s livelihood/life  威胁某人的生计/生命
threaten the health/security/stability/existence of ...  威胁……的健康/安全/稳定/存在
【仿佳句】
The newcomers directly threaten the livelihood of the established workers.
新来的工人直接威胁到老工人的饭碗。
The unity of our society is threatened by troublesome and restless minorities.
我们社会的团结遭到一小撮滋扰生事、不安分守己的群体的威胁。
30 percent of reptiles, birds, and fish are currently threatened with extinction.
目前，30%的爬行动物、鸟类和鱼类面临灭绝的危险。
Changing patterns of agriculture are threatening the countryside.
农业模式的不断变化可能会对农村造成破坏。
The fighting is threatening to turn into full-scale war.
这场战斗有可能会演变为全面的战争。
Plants must be covered with a leaf-mould or similarly protected if frost threatens.
如果霜冻来临，植物必须盖上腐叶土或用类似方法加以保护。
Civil war has been threatening the country for years.
这个国家几年来一直面临着内战的威胁。
The clouds were threatening rain.
乌云密布预示要下雨。
Artificial intelligence could also threaten existing jobs.
人工智能还会威胁到现在的工作。
【巧应用】
1. 教育
基础教育的低普及率长期以来一直威胁着国家的未来发展，但仍然没有解决这个问题的有效方法。
The low penetration rate of basic education ________________________________, but there are still no efficient approaches to it.
2. 科技
事实上，一些发达国家认为，发展中国家的技术进步可能威胁到它们现有的国际地位，因此选择压制这些国家。
In fact, some developed countries believe that technological advances in developing countries may ___________________________________, and they therefore choose to contain these countries.
3. 环境
全球变暖会威胁野生动物栖息地，因为它会增加冬季洪水和夏季干旱的风险。
Global warming will ________________________ by increasing the risk of flooding in the winter and drought in the summer.
4. 传统文化
新文化可以威胁到当地文化，也可以促进当地文化的发展，这取决于当地居民的思想是否开明。
New cultures can either ____________________ or promote its development, depending on whether local people are open-minded or not.
5. 青少年犯罪
新的反堕胎法案可能会导致更多新生儿无法得到适当的家庭照顾，这可能会增加未来的犯罪率。
The new anti-abortion bill may prevent more new-born babies from getting proper family care, ________________________________ in the future.
6. 健康
越来越多的人意识到超重会威胁到他们的健康。因此，他们开始做出一些积极的改变，比如注意饮食和锻炼。
More and more people are aware of the fact that being overweight ______________________, and as a result, they begin to make positive life changes, such as dieting and doing exercise.
7. 合作
团队成员之间的差异如果处理不好可能会有分裂团队的威胁。为了防止这一情况发生，我们要增加团队成员的沟通，以及在重要议题上寻求共同意见。
Differences among team members, if handled badly, may ________________________________. To prevent this scenario from happening, we should improve communication between team members and find common ground on important issues.
8. 成功
有些问题看似并不要紧，比如睡眠不足或完美主义，却严重威胁着人们的工作效率。
Problems such as sleep deprivation or perfectionism may seem unimportant, but they can severely ________________________________.

【答案】
1. has long threatened the country’s future development
2. threaten their existing international status
3. threaten wildlife habitats
4. threaten the local culture
5. which threatens to increase the crime rate
6. threatens their health
7. threaten to split the team
8. threaten people’s work efficiency

13
【知词义】
accept
1. vi. & vt. to take something that someone offers you, or to agree to do sth that someone asks you to do 接受；同意做（某事）
2. vt. to decide that there is nothing you can do to change a difficult and unpleasant situation or fact and continue with your normal life  忍受，容忍
3. vt. to decide that someone has the necessary skill or intelligence for a particular job, course etc or that a piece of work is good enough （认为符合要求而）接受
4. vt. to allow someone to become part of a group, society, or organization, and to treat them in the same way as the other members 接纳
5. vt. to agree to take or deal with something that someone gives you, or to say that it is suitable or good enough 同意；（认为合适或足够好而）接受
6. vt. to decide to do what someone advises or suggests you should do 采纳；接受
7. vt. to agree that what someone says is right or true 相信（某人的话）

【晓变化】
acceptable  adj. 合意的，令人满意的；（行为）可接受的
acceptance  n. 正式接受；接受，赞同，认可；接纳
accepted  adj. 公认可接受的，被认可的

【记搭配】
accept a challenge  接受挑战
accept a gift  接受礼物
accept a proposal  接受建议
accept a bribe  收受贿赂
accept an assignment/invitation/offer  接受任务/邀请/工作机会
accept responsibility/blame for sth  承担某事的责任

【仿佳句】
I don’t think they would accept that view.
我认为他们不会接受那种观点。
He did not accept this reply as valid.
他认为这个回答没有根据。
He asked me to marry him and I accepted.
他向我求婚，我答应了。
Please accept our sincere apologies.
请接受我们真诚的歉意。
It was pouring with rain so I accepted his offer of a lift.
天正下着瓢泼大雨，所以我领了他的情，搭了他的便车。
She’s decided not to accept the job.
她决定不接受这项工作。
This machine only accepts coins.
这台机器只收硬币。
My article has been accepted for publication.
我的文章已被采用，准备发表。
He accepted all the changes we proposed.
他同意我们提出的全部修改方案。
She won’t accept advice from anyone.
她不会接受任何人的忠告。
We have to accept that this is not an ideal world.
我们必须接受现实，这不是个理想的世界。
It often takes years for immigrants to be accepted into the host community.
移民经常需要几年的时间才会被当地社区所接纳。
Be prepared to accept the advice of members of staff.
要愿意采纳员工的建议。
I do not accept that there is any kind of crisis in British science.
我不相信英国科学界有什么危机。
The Council will meet to decide if it should accept his resignation.
委员会将召开会议决定是否接受他的辞呈。
People will accept suffering that can be shown to lead to a greater good.
如果能证明眼前的苦难会带来更大的好处，人们就会愿意承受。

【巧应用】
1. 教育
儿童应该学会理解并接受他们行为的后果，这样随着年岁的增长，他们能很好地融入社会。
Children should learn to understand and ___________________________________________ so that they can integrate well into society as they grow older.
2. 科技
高科技公司应当接受公众的监督，以防他们利用用户在网上的记录作恶。
Tech firms should ___________ public scrutiny, which can prevent them from using users’ digital footprints for evil.

3. 环境
人们对于不良环境的适应力很强，比如，城市居民能将噪音当成城市生活的一部分。
Human beings are highly adaptable to harsh environments. For example, urban dwellers can ________________________________.
4. 传统文化
我们有责任开发音乐或者游戏来帮助年轻一代接受并传承传统文化。
It’s our duty to develop music or video games to help the younger generation ___________________________________________.
5. 青少年犯罪
有些罪行被认为是贫穷和文盲的产物，是国家机构效率低下的结果。
Some crimes _____________________ as being the product of poverty and illiteracy and a result of inefficient state institutions.
6. 健康
想要有新的生活，我们需要积极地接受生活中的变化，比如新的饮食。
To have a new life, we need to actively ____________________________, such as a new diet.
7. 合作
团队成员应乐于接受彼此，即使他们对某些问题可能有不同的意见。
Team members should _________________________________, even though they may have different opinions on certain issues.
8. 成功
成功人士勇于承担他们失败的全部责任，然后尽一切努力解决问题。
Successful people _________________________ for their failure and then make every effort to fix it.

【答案】
1. accept the full consequences of their behaviors
2. accept
3. accept noise as part of the city life
4. accept and spread traditional culture
5. are accepted
6. accept changes in our lives
7. be willing to accept each other
8. accept full responsibility

14
【知词义】
achieve
1. vt. to successfully complete something or get a good result, especially by working hard 实现；（尤指经过努力）取得，达到
2. vi. to be successful in a particular kind of job or activity 获得成功
【晓变化】
achievable  adj. 可达到的；可获得的
achievement  n. 成绩；成就；实现；完成
achiever  n. 成功人士
【记搭配】
achieve one’s aim/ a purpose/ a goal  达到目的，实现目标
achieve one’s dream  实现梦想
achieve one’s potential  实现某人的潜力（即发挥出潜力）
【仿佳句】
Success is not achieved by sheer luck.
成功不是完全靠运气取得。
There are many who will work hard to achieve these goals.
有志之士将会共同为实现这些目标而努力。
We have achieved what we set out to do.
我们已经达成了原初的目标。
The government’s training policy, he claimed, was achieving its objectives.
他称政府制定的培训方针即将达到预期目标。
She finally achieved her ambition to visit South America.
她终于实现了去南美洲旅游的梦想。
I’ve been working all day, but I feel as if I’ve achieved nothing.
我干了整整一天，但觉得好像什么都没有做成。
Some young children achieve great fluency in their reading.
一些孩子小小年纪阅读已经非常流畅。
Nothing great can ever be achieved without enthusiasm.
没有热情就不能成就伟业。
Nothing can be achieved without perseverance.
不能持之以恒，绝对一事无成。
Working together, there is no limit to what we can achieve.
一起合作，那就没有我们达不到的成就。
【巧应用】
1. 教育
出生在富裕家庭的孩子比起出生在贫穷家庭的同龄人，通常能在人生中取得更多的成就。
Children born in rich families usually ______________________ than their underprivileged peers.
2. 科技
从事科学研究需要极强的意志力，因为很多研究成果即使在理论上可行，也无法在短期内实现。
Engaging in scientific research requires strong willpower, because many research results ___________________________________, even if they are theoretically feasible.
3. 环境
推广风能、核能等清洁能源的使用，有助于在不破坏环境的前提下实现经济增长。
Promoting the use of clean energy such as wind and nuclear energy can help __________________________________ without damaging the environment.
4. 传统文化
在中国传统观念中，人应该保持谦虚，不夸耀自己获得的成就。
In the Chinese traditional concept, people should remain modest and not boast of ______________________.
5. 青少年犯罪
在家庭、学校、社会的共同努力下，对青少年犯罪的预防已经取得了显著成效。
With the joint efforts of families, schools and society, the prevention of juvenile delinquency ______________________.
6. 健康
只有运动和健康饮食才能帮助我们实现减肥的目标。
Only exercise and healthy eating can help us ______________________________.
7. 合作
团队合作就是互相帮助、互相支持，最终达成共同的目标。
Teamwork is about helping and supporting each other to ___________________________.
8. 成功
我认为人生中最值得为之拼搏的目标不是财富，而是实现自我。
I believe that the most worthwhile goal in life is not wealth, but ___________________________.








【答案】
1. achieve more in life
2. cannot be achieved in the short term
3. achieve economic growth
4. what they have achieved
5. has achieved remarkable results
6. achieve our goal of losing weight
7. achieve common goals
8. achieving a sense of self-esteem

15
【知词义】
adapt
1. vi. & vt. to gradually change your behaviour and attitudes in order to be successful in a new situation （使）适应，（使）适合
2. vt. to change sth to make it suitable for a different purpose 改变，调整；改造，改装
3. vt. (usually passive) to change (a movie, book, play, etc.) so that it can be presented in another form 改编，改写
【晓变化】
adaptable  adj. 能适应的，适应性强的
adaptability  n. 适应性；可用性；灵活性；适应能力
adaptation/adaption  n. 改编本；适应
【记搭配】
adapt oneself (to sth)  使自己适应（某事）
adapt for  使适合于；为……改编/改写
adapt sth to  使某事物适应/适合……
【仿佳句】
It took me a while to adapt to the new job.
我过了一段时间才适应新工作。
Shelves were built to adapt the library for use as an office.
为将图书馆改作办公室而做了一些架子。
The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments.
小孩的长处就是能够很容易地适应新环境。
The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change.
世界会变得不同，我们必须做好准备以适应其变化。
She has adapted herself to college life quite easily.
她很轻松地适应了大学生活。
The movie was adapted from the book of the same title.
这部影片改编自同名书。
The organisms were forced to adapt in order to survive.
生物被迫适应，以求生存。
Three of her novels have been adapted for television.
她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
Yulan magnolia can adapt to a variety of soils.
玉兰花能适应各种土壤。
People from northern China could not adapt to the humid weather in south China.
中国北方的人不能适应南方潮湿的天气。

【巧应用】
1. 教育
老师们决定对课程进行了调整以使禀赋各异的学生都能从中获益。
The teachers decide to _______ the curriculum so that students of all abilities will benefit from it.
2. 科技
有些人对自己适应数字时代尖端技术的能力感到自豪。
Some people pride themselves with their ability to _____________ cutting-edge technologies in the digital era.
3. 环境
随着气候变化的加剧，许多野生动物无法适应新的环境，开始灭绝。
As climate change gets worse, many wild animals become unable to ______________________ and consequently begin to die out.
4. 传统文化
一些人担心移民如果适应了新的文化并融入当地群体，他们可能会忘记他们的传统和出身。
Some people worry that migrants may forget their traditions and roots if they ___________________________ and integrate into the local community.
5. 青少年犯罪
鉴于少年犯的平均年龄一直在下降，我们应该完善法律使其适应新的情势。
Considering the average age of juvenile offenders has been falling, we should ___________ the juvenile law to new realities.
6. 健康
你不能指望每周增加你举起的重量，因为你的身体和肌肉需要时间来适应更重的重量。
You cannot expect to increase the amount of weight you lift every week, because it takes time for your body and muscles to _______________________.
7. 合作
当你在一家新公司工作时，你可能需要三到六个月来适应新环境。
When you work for a new company, it may take three to six months for you to _________________________________.
8. 成功
适应能力是一个必不可少的素质，它可以帮助你把危机转化为机遇。
_____________________________________________, because it can help you transform a crisis into an opportunity.
【答案】
1. adapt
2. adapt to
3. adapt to new environments
4. adapt to new cultures
5. adapt
6. adapt to heavier weights
7. adapt to the new environment
8. The ability to adapt is an essential quality

16
【知词义】
adopt
1. vt. to start to deal with or think about sth in a particular way  采取，采用
2. vt. & vi. to take someone else’s child into your home and legally become its parent  收养，领养
3. vt. to formally approve a proposal, amendment etc, especially by voting  正式通过，批准（尤以投票方式）
4. vt. & vi. to choose a new name, country, custom etc, especially to replace a previous one  选定（名字）；移居（国家）；采纳（习俗）
【晓变化】
adoption  n. 采用，采纳；收养，领养；提名
adopted  adj. 领养的，收养的
adoptive  adj. 收养（孩子）的
【记搭配】
adopt an approach/a method  采取某种方法
adopt a policy  采取某种政策
adopt a strategy  采取某种策略
be widely/generally/universally adopted  被广泛/普遍采用
【仿佳句】
We adopted some of the local customs.
我们采纳了当地的一些习俗。
Did he adopt your point of view?
他采纳你的观点了吗？
They were unable to have children of their own, so they decided to adopt.
他们自己不能生育，所以决定收养孩子。
Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive approach to the environment.
应帮助学生对环境采取积极的态度。
I think it’s time to adopt a different strategy in my dealings with him.
我觉得在和他的交往中该采用一种不同的策略了。
The new tax would force companies to adopt energy-saving measures.
征收新税将迫使公司采取节能措施。
He’s adopted a remarkably light-hearted attitude towards the situation.
面对这种局面，他摆出了一种异乎寻常的轻描淡写的态度。
The author Samuel Clemens adopted the name “Mark Twain”.
作者塞缪尔·克莱门斯采用了马克·吐温这个名字。
The resolution was unanimously adopted by the Senate.
这项决议在参议院获得一致通过。
This country adopts a liberal foreign policy.
该国采用的是开放的外交政策。
There are a few things that you should adopt that can help you too.
还有一些能帮到你的技巧，你需要采纳学会。

【巧应用】
1. 教育
人类普遍抗拒改变，这部分解释了为什么一些教师拒绝采用新的教学技巧。
Humans in general are resistant to change, which is part of the reason why some teachers refuse to __________________________________________.
2. 科技
发展中国家的人比发达国家的人更愿意采用新技术，特别是当这个技术非常高效的时候。
People in developing countries are more willing to _______________________________ than those in developed countries, especially when the techniques are highly efficient.
3. 环境
对造成严重污染的公司征收重税是个不错的办法，这将迫使他们采取环保措施。
It is a good idea to impose heavy taxes on companies that cause serious pollution, which would force them to _______________________________________.
4. 传统文化
有些人对外国文化评价很高，却对自己的文化漠不关心。
There are some people who think highly of foreign cultures but ___________ an air of indifference to their own.
5. 青少年犯罪
法院被要求对少年犯采取更灵活的措施，比如减轻处罚或安排社区服务。
The court was asked to _________________________________ to young offenders, such as reducing penalties or arranging community services.
6. 健康
虽然要拒绝抽烟和喝酒等坏习惯的诱惑很难，但仍然有一些措施可以帮助你过上健康的生活方式。
Although it is often difficult to resist the temptations of bad habits, such as smoking and drinking, there are still certain steps that can help you _______________________________.
7. 合作
成为团队的一员意味着接受团队的价值观，即使这些价值观可能与你的并不完全相符。
Being a member of a team means you should _______________________, even though they may not perfectly match yours.
8. 成功
我们应该适应环境，学会采用不同的方法解决不同的问题。
We should adapt to the environment and learn to _______________________________________.
















【答案】
1. adopt new teaching techniques
2. adopt new techniques
3. adopt environment-friendly measures
4. adopt
5. adopt a more flexible approach
6. adopt a healthy lifestyle
7. adopt its values
8. adopt different approaches to different problems

17
【知词义】
advance
v.
1. ① vi. to move forward 前进；向前移动
② vt. to move (someone or something) forward 使向前移动，使……前进
2. vi.
① to go forward or to make progress 发展；进步
② to continue in a process of development, aging, etc. 进展；增长
3. vi. & vt. to increase in amount or rate （数量、比率等）增长，增加
4. vt.
① to help the progress of (something) 促进；推动
② to cause or help (something) to go forward or continue 推进；使继续
③ to make (something) higher or better 改进；改善；提高
5. 
① vt. to raise (someone) to a higher rank or position 提拔；晋升
② vi. to rise to a higher rank or position 升职；提高
6. vt. to give money to someone as a loan or before the usual time 预付；预支
7. vt. to suggest or propose (something) for consideration or acceptance 提出（建议等）
8. vt.
① to cause (something) to occur more quickly 加速……的进程
② to make (something) earlier 使……提前发生
n.
1. before something happens or is expected to happen 在（某事）发生之前；预先，提前
2. to be more developed or modern than someone or something else 超前于某人/某物；比某事物先进
3. a change, discovery, or invention that brings progress 进步，进展
【晓变化】
advanced  adj. 高级的，先进的
advancement  n. 进步；进展
【记搭配】
advanced age/years  年迈，上年纪
in advance (of sth)  在（某事）发生之前
six months in advance  提前六个月
technological/scientific/medical advance  科技进步/科学进步/医学进步
advance your career/ a cause/your interests, etc  促进职业/事业/兴趣等的发展
【仿佳句】
The sun slowly advanced across the sky.
太阳缓缓地划过天空。
She opened the door and advanced cautiously into the room.
她打开门，小心翼翼地走进房间。
The team advanced the ball steadily down the field.
那支球队平稳地将球推进。
Our understanding of this disease has advanced rapidly in recent years.
近年来我们对于这种疾病的认识不断深化。
As he advanced in age and stature he advanced in knowledge.
随着年龄和身高的增长，他在知识方面也有长进。
The success of this novel will help to advance his reputation.
这部小说的成功将有助于提高他的声誉。
Some stock prices have advanced while others have declined.
有的股票价格上涨了，有的却下跌了。
Medical technology has advanced considerably.
医学技术突飞猛进。
I had asked everyone to submit questions in advance of the meeting.
我已请每个人在会议之前提交问题。
Many theories were advanced and rejected.
许多理论被提出后又被否定。
This could be an advance on the present situation.
这样可能会改善当前状况。
He was advanced from clerk to assistant manager.
他从职员晋升为副经理。
She has continued to advance steadily in her career.
她的事业继续稳步上升。
Air safety has not improved since the dramatic advances of the 1970s.
航空安全自从20世纪70年代得到显著提高之后，至今再没有任何改善。
Their progress at work was mirrored by their children’s educational advance.
子女在学业上有所进步，他们在工作上也就会有所起色。
His publisher advanced him $100,000 on/for his new book.
出版商为他的新书预付了10万美元。
Many theories have been advanced as to why some women suffer from depression.
就一些女性患抑郁症的原因，各种说法纷至沓来。
When not producing art of his own, Oliver was busy advancing the work of others.
奥利弗在不搞自己的艺术创作时，就会忙着帮助别人完成作品。

【巧应用】
1. 教育
虽然城乡教育的差距仍然存在，但农村地区的教育在近年来取得了进步。
Although the educational gap between urban and rural areas still exists, education in rural areas has witnessed _______________ in recent years.
2. 科技
随着5G技术的普及，信息产业将会以惊人的速度进步，并催生大量技术创新。
With the popularity of 5G technology, the information industry will ______________________ and generate countless technological innovations.
3. 环境
在普及生活垃圾分类回收方面，中国已经取得了长足的进步。
China __________________ in popularizing the sorting and recycling of household garbage.
4. 传统文化
当地政府已经提出通过控制游客人数来保护历史名胜的新方案。
The local government _____________________________ to protect historical sites by controlling the number of tourists.
5. 青少年犯罪
青少年在走向成熟的过程中很容易受到外界影响，因此很重要的一点是家长要保护他们免受狐朋狗友的影响。
Teenagers are highly impressionable when _______________________________, so it is important that their parents protect them from bad influences.
6. 健康
近年来大众对心理健康的了解更深入了，如何减少工作压力也受到了越来越多的关注。
In recent years, the public’s understanding of mental health ________________, and more and more attention has been paid to reducing work-related stress.
7. 合作
头脑风暴是鼓励成员积极交流、产生好想法的重要手段，这会极大地促进团队合作。
Brainstorming is an important means of encouraging members to actively communicate and generate good ideas, which will considerably _______________________.
8. 成功
为了推进你的职业发展，你需要制定计划，否则无论什么目标都无法实现。
________________________________, you need to make plans; otherwise no progress can be achieved.
【答案】
1. an advance
2. advance at a breathless pace
3. has advanced greatly
4. has advanced a new program
5. they are advancing towards maturity
6. has advanced
7. advance teamwork
8. In order to advance your career

18

【知词义】
determine vt.
1. If a particular factor determines the nature of a thing or event, it causes it to be of a particular kind. 是……的决定因素
2. If you determine something, you decide it or settle it. 决定；敲定
3. If you determine to do something, you make a firm decision to do it. 下决心；决意；决定
【晓变化】
determination  n. 决心，毅力；决定，规定；测定，确定
determined  adj. 有决心的，意志坚定的；（尤指在困境中）坚决的，坚定的
【记搭配】
determine to do sth.  决心做某事
a determining factor  决定性因素
【仿佳句】
The size of the chicken pieces will determine the cooking time.
鸡块的大小将决定烹饪时间的长短。
Social status is largely determined by the occupation of the main breadwinner.
社会地位很大程度上是由家里经济支柱的职业决定的。
What determines whether you are a career success or a failure?
事业的成败取决于哪些因素？
The Baltic people have a right to determine their own future.
波罗的海各国人民有权决定自己的未来。
The final wording had not yet been determined.
最终措辞仍未敲定。
My aim was first of all to determine what I should do next.
我的目标首先是要确定自己下一步该做什么。
He determined to rescue his two countrymen.
他决意营救自己的两名同胞。
I determined that I would ask him outright.
我下定决心要直截了当地问他。
The demand for a product determines its price.
需求决定产品的价格。
He believes that one’s personality is determined mostly by genetics.
他认为人的性格主要取决于遗传基因。

【巧应用】
1. 教育
一些人认为应该允许孩子们决定自己的未来，至少决定想学什么。
Some argue that children should be allowed to _______________________, at least what they want to learn or not.
2. 科技
一个国家的国际地位在很大程度上取决于其经济和技术实力，所以政府应当集中力量发展这两个领域。
A country’s international status _______________________ by its economic and technological strength, so the government should focus on developing these two areas.
3. 环境
环境是否清洁健康可以在一定程度上决定人们的幸福水平，比如清新的空气能够让人放松、头脑清醒。
Whether the environment is clean and healthy can ______________________________________. Fresh air, for instance, can make people feel relaxed and clear-headed.
4. 传统文化
一个国家对于传统文化的重视程度决定了其民众的凝聚力，因此发展传统文化对于一个国家的长期发展十分重要。
The degree to which a country attaches importance to its traditional culture ______________ the cohesiveness of its people, so promoting traditional culture is extremely important for the long-term development of a country.
5. 青少年犯罪
在某种程度上，社会应该对青少年犯罪负部分责任，因为社会环境在决定一个人的心性方面起着重要的作用。
In a way, society should be responsible for juvenile crimes, because social environment plays an important role in ______________________________.
6. 健康
在某种程度上你的健康状况取决于你的饮食。
_______________________ in part by what you eat.
7. 合作
能否取得成功在很大程度上取决于你与他人合作的能力。
Whether you can achieve success _______________________ by how well you can cooperate with others.
8. 成功
迈向成功的第一步是确定你的优先事项并制定相应的计划。
The first step towards success is to ______________________________________ and make a plan accordingly.

【答案】
1. determine their own future
2. is largely determined
3. determine people’s level of happiness to a certain extent
4. determines
5. determining a person’s mentality
6. Your health is determined
7. is largely determined
8. determine what your priorities are

19

【知词义】
develop  vt. & vi.
1. When something develops, it grows or changes over a period of time and usually becomes more advanced, complete, or severe. 发展；成长；发育；生长
2. If a problem or difficulty develops, it begins to occur. （问题或困难）出现，产生
3. If you develop a habit, reputation, or belief, you start to have it and it then becomes stronger or more noticeable. 养成（习惯）；获得（名声）；形成（信仰）
4. If you develop a skill, quality, or relationship, or if it develops, it becomes better or stronger. （使）提高；（使）加强
【晓变化】
development  n. 发育，成长；发展；进步；事态发展，新情况
developing  adj. （国家）发展中的；生长的；变化的
developed  adj. （国家）发达的，高度发展的；成熟的；先进的
【记搭配】
(begin to) develop  开展；（开始）成长
develop into  发展成为
develop from  成长于；从……发展出来
develop a habit  养成习惯
develop a sense of responsibility  培养责任感
develop speaking skills  提高口头表达能力
【仿佳句】
As children develop, some of the most important things they learn have to do with their sense of self.
在成长过程中，孩子学到的一些最重要的东西与他们的自我意识有关。
It’s hard to say at this stage how the market will develop.
在现阶段，很难说市场将会如何发展。
These clashes could develop into open warfare.
这些冲突可能会发展成为公开的战争。
A huge row has developed about the pollution emanating from a chemical plant.
一家化工厂造成的污染已经引发了激烈争论。
She later developed a taste for expensive nightclubs.
她后来逐渐变得喜欢去消费高昂的夜总会。
Mr Robinson has developed the reputation of a ruthless cost-cutter.
大家都知道鲁宾逊先生在降低成本上毫不手软。
Now you have an opportunity to develop a greater understanding of each other.
现在你们有一个好机会，可以大大增进对彼此的了解。
We must develop closer ties with Germany.
我们必须与德国建立更为密切的关系。
Their friendship developed through their shared interest in the Arts.
对艺术的共同爱好加深了他们之间的友谊。
【巧应用】
1. 教育
家长要同孩子建立平等的关系，而不要总是用命令、指责等方式和孩子沟通。
Parents can ___________________________________________, rather than just communicating with them by using orders and scoldings.
2. 科技
随着抖音等短视频平台在全世界流行开来，越来越多的年轻人对录制短视频产生了浓厚兴趣。
As short video platforms such as Tik Tok become popular around the world, more and more young people ____________________________ for recording short video clips.
3. 环境
我们需要拿出一个协调各方的解决环境问题的办法，既不影响经济发展，又能有利于环境保护。
In order to solve environmental problems, we need to ___________________________________ that contributes to environmental protection but does not hinder economic development.
4. 传统文化
中国饮食文化因其风味多样，烹饪技艺精湛而名声在外。
____________________________________________________ for its diverse flavors and exquisite cooking skills.
5. 青少年犯罪
一旦青少年对网络游戏产生了很深的依赖，他们可能会认为在现实生活中使用暴力是可以接受的，因为这些游戏经常包含暴力内容。
______________________________________________________________, which often contain violent content, they may think it is acceptable to solve problems by force in real life.
6. 健康
近来发生的几起员工因长期加班而猝死的事件使很多年轻人对职业病产生了深刻认知。
The recent incidents of sudden deaths of employees due to long-term overtime have made many young people ___________________________________________.
7. 合作
好的团队领导会注重培养团队成员的责任感，这会激励他们更好地完成任务。
A good team leader should focus on _______________________________________ among team members, which will motivate them to complete their tasks better.
8. 成功
如果不把工作简单地当成任务，而是去培养对它的兴趣，你的事业发展会更快。
If you don’t simply take your job as a task, but ______________________ in it, you can move up the career ladder faster.





【答案】
1. develop an equal relationship with their children
2. have developed a passion
3. develop a coordinated approach
4. Chinese food culture has developed a reputation
5. Once young people have developed a heavy dependence on online games
6. develop a deep sense of occupational health
7. developing a sense of responsibility
8. develop an interest

20

【知词义】
dedicate  vt.
to give all your attention and effort to one particular thing 献身于；投身于；致力于
【晓变化】
dedication  n. 热忱，奉献（精神）
dedicated  adj. 满腔热忱的，有奉献精神的
【记搭配】
be dedicated to (doing) sth  （时间、精力等）用于……
dedicate oneself to sth  专心致力于某事；投身于某事
dedicate one’s life to sth  专心致力于某事；投身于某事
【仿佳句】
He dedicated his whole life to music.
他把自己的一生都献给了音乐。
Back on the island, he dedicated himself to politics.
回到岛上后，他便投身于政治。
Bessie has dedicated her life to caring for others.
贝茜一生都致力于照顾他人。
He has dedicated his life to scientific research.
他把自己的一生都奉献给科学研究工作。
The new President said she would dedicate herself to protecting the rights of the old, the sick and the homeless.
新任总统说她将致力于保护老人、病人和无家可归者的权利。
The actress now dedicates herself to children’s charity work.
这名女演员现在致力于儿童慈善工作。
Huge resources have been dedicated to the fight against the coronavirus.
大量资源被用于抗击冠状病毒。
This room is dedicated to food preparation.
这个房间是专门准备食物的。

【巧应用】
1. 教育
献身于教育事业的老师应该得到学生和家长的尊重。
Teachers who _________________________________ deserve respect from students and parents.
2. 科技
政府鼓励高科技公司投入更多钱用于研究和开发，因为这样做不仅对于公司的未来有利，这对整个社会也有好处。
The government should encourage high-tech firms ______________________________________, because doing so is not only good for the firms’ future, but beneficial to society as a whole.
3. 环境
现如今有不少致力于保护环境的组织，他们在教导普通人如何过上绿色生活方面发挥了很大作用。
Today there are many organizations _______________________________________, and they play an important role in teaching ordinary people how to go green in their life.
4. 传统文化
越来越多的人已经开始意识到保护传统文化的重要性，并且他们愿意投身其中。
More and more people have begun to realize the importance of preserving traditional culture, and they are willing ________________________________.
5. 青少年犯罪
鉴于青少年犯罪率不断升高，我们应该致力于为问题青少年提供必要的心理咨询。
Seeing that the juvenile crime rate is rising, we should __________ ourselves to providing necessary psychological counseling for troubled teenagers.
6. 健康
现在，很多女孩非常注重自己的身材，她们似乎把自己的一生都奉献给了减肥，这实际上对她们的健康是有害的。
Nowadays, many girls are paying so much attention to their figure that they seem to ____________________________________, which is actually harmful to their health.
7. 合作
只有当你全心全意地相信目标时，你才能说服你的团队成员投入到这个目标当中。
Only when you fully believe in the goal can you convince your team members ____________________________.
8. 成功
优秀的员工通常全身心投入到他们的事业中，但他们可能会发现很难在工作和生活之间取得一个平衡。
High achieving employees ____________________________________, but they may find it difficult to maintain a balance between life and work.





【答案】
1. dedicate themselves to education
2. to dedicate more money to research and development
3. dedicated to environmental protection
4. to dedicate themselves to it
5. dedicate
6. dedicate their lives to losing weight
7. to dedicate themselves to it
8. dedicate themselves to their career