2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（二十一）
一：词汇梳理
1.  content① /ˈkɔntent/ n.①含量②内容
2.  content② /kənˈtent/ v. (使)满足 a.满意的
3.  subtle  /ˈsʌtl/ a.①细微的②巧妙的
4.  participate  /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/  vi.参加，参与
5.  twist  /twɪst/ vt.歪曲 n.①搓②转变
6.  curve  /kəːv/ n.曲线 v.弄弯
7.  knot  /nɔt/ n.(绳等的)结  vt.打结
8.  expectation   /ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/  n.①预期②期望
9.  unexpected  /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/  a.意想不到的，意外的
10. alternative  /ɔːlˈtəːnətɪv/  n.①可供选择的事物②取舍 a.两者挑一的
11. inherit  /ɪnˈherɪt/ vt.①继承(财产、权力等) ②经遗传获得
12. prospect  /ˈprɔspekt/ n.①景象②前程③前景/prəˈspekt/ vi.勘探，勘察
13. barrel  /ˈbærəl/ n.①桶②枪管
14. circuit  /ˈsəːkɪt/ n.①环行(道路)②电路
15. urban  /ˈəːbən/ a.城市的
16. suburb  /ˈsʌbəːb/ n.近郊
17. rural  /ˈruərəl/ a.农村的，乡下的 
18. comprehension  /ˌkɔmprɪˈhenʃən/  n.①理解(力) ②理解力练习
19. host① /həust/ n.①旅店老板②主持人 vt.①主办②主持
20. host② /həust/ n.①(古)军队  ②一大群
21. hostile /ˈhɔstl，ˈhɔstaɪl/ a.敌对的，敌意的
22. angle  /ˈæŋgəl/ n.①角②角度
23. ankle /ˈæŋkəl/ n.(脚)踝
24. sole① /səul/ a.①单独的②专有的
25. sole② /səul/ n.①脚掌②鞋底
26. solitary /ˈsɔlɪtəri/ a.①(人)独自的②(物)单个的
27. cycle① /ˈsaɪkəl/ n.自行车 vi.骑自行车
28. cycle② /ˈsaɪkəl/ n.循环，周期
29. expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v.①(使)膨胀②扩展
30.  enlarge /ɪnˈlɑːdʒ/ vt.扩大，增大
二：短语梳理
1. for example   举个例子
set sb. an example=set an example to sb. 树立榜样 
follow one's example 效仿
2. expect sb. to do sth     期待某人做某事
3. live up to one's expectations     不辜负某人的期望
4.at the expense of.....      以……为代价
5.explain sth to sb./to sb. sth    向……解释
6. expose...to       be exposed to...暴露于，接触到
7. face sth/be faced with sth面对
8 .in fact/as a matter of fact 事实上
9. fade away 逐渐减弱，缓慢消失  fade out (影像声音)逐渐淡出。隐去
10.fail sth/to do sth/in sth   做……失败
三：阅读训练
Encouraging life to bloom(兴旺)in the middle of a desert is no easy task. But one company in the United Arab Emirates has come up with a plan to provide drinking water for the state's citizens. The company intends to drag icebergs from Antarctica to the gulf coast in order to harvest its fresh water.
The company plans to source the massive blocks of ice from Heard Island, around 600 miles off the coast of mainland Antarctica. It will then transport them around 5,500 miles to Fujairah, one part of the UAE. One iceberg could provide enough water for one million people over five years, according to the company.
The company's director says they have already travelled the transportation route and checked the possibility of the scheme, according to reports in Gulf News. Speaking to the site about what he is calling the UAE Iceberg Project, Abdullah Mohammad Sulaiman Al Shehi said, “We have made the technical and financial plan. We will start the project at the beginning of 2018. We want it mainly for the water. It could also be good for tourism and the weather.”
The UAE is one of the driest countries in the world, due to its extremely arid climate, which receives less than four inches of rainfall per year. Despite that, it consumes more water than double the global national average, putting the country at severe risk of droughts over the next 25 years.
An average iceberg contains more than 20 billion gallons of water, according to the company. The iceberg takes a long time to melt as 80 percent of it is underwater, while the white ice above reflects sunlight and deflects(使转向)its heat. Blocks of ice will be placed in giant tanks, before being processed. “This is the purest water in the world,” Mr. Al Shehi added.
1.What can we learn about the UAE project?
A.It will help the UAE harvest fresh water.
B.It will encourage life to boom in Antarctica.
C.It will put the UAE at severe risk of droughts.
D.It will completely change the climate in the UAE.
2.Where could the blocks of ice come from?
A.The Atlantic Ocean.    B.Fujairah.
C.The Gulf.               D.Heard Island.
3.Which of the following may NOT benefit from the project?
A.The local people.    B.Antarctica.
C.The weather.        D.Tourism.
4.The author mentions the nature of ice in the last paragraph to show    . 
A.the process of the project
B.the possibility of the plan
C.the purpose of the company
D.the comments on the scheme
答案
1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话:The company intends to drag icebergs from Antarctica to the gulf coast in order to harvest its fresh water.和第二段第二句话:It will then transport them around 5,500 miles to Fujairah,...可知,这家公司计划把南极的冰川运到UAE,帮助他们解决缺水问题。故选A项。
2.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的The company plans to source the massive blocks of ice from Heard Island, around 600 miles off the coast of mainland Antarctica.可知冰川是从南极洲的Heard Island运来的。故选D项。
3.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的One iceberg could provide enough water for one million people over five years, according to the company.以及第三段中的We will start the project at the beginning of 2018. We want it mainly for the water. It could also be good for tourism and the weather.可知这一工程有利于当地人,有利于旅游业和当地的天气。不包含南极洲,故选B项。
4.B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知文章主要分析了冰川的含水量大,分析了从冰川中提取水的可能性,所以B项正确。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（二十二）
一：词汇梳理
1.  temper /ˈtempə/ n.①脾气②韧度
2.  passion /ˈpæʃən/ n.①激情②热爱
3.  column /ˈkɔləm/ n.①圆柱② (报刊)专栏
4.  volume /ˈvɔljuːm/ n.①卷②容积
5.  tone /təun/ n.①腔调②格调 vt.①使更健壮②与…协调
6.  tune /tjuːn/ n.曲调 vt.①调频道②调节
7.  elbow /ˈelbəu/ n.肘 vt.用肘挤开
8.  concern /kənˈsəːn/ n.①关心②(利害)关系 vt.①涉及②关心
9.  concerning /kənˈsəːnɪŋ/  prep.关于
10. sum /sʌm/ n.总数vi.总计
11. summarize/ˈsʌməraɪz/ vt.概括，总结
12. summary /ˈsʌməri/ a.概括的 n.摘要
13. roast /rəust/ v.烤n.大块烤肉 a.烤制的
14. toast /təust/ n.①烤面包②祝酒 vt.①烘②(为…)举杯祝酒
15. sow /səu/ vt.播种
16. reap /riːp/ v.收割，收获
17. trim /trɪm/ a.①整齐的②苗条的 n.修剪 vt.①修剪②削减
18. discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/  vt./ n.①卸货②准许离开 vi.(物)排放 /ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/ n.卸货
19. simplify /ˈsɪmplɪfaɪ/ vt.简化，使简明
20. simplicity /sɪmˈplɪsɪti/  n.①简单②朴实
21. complicate /ˈkɔmplɪkeɪt/  vt.使复杂化
22. complex /ˈkɔmpleks/ a.①复杂的②合成的 n.联合体
23. signal /ˈsɪgnəl/ n.①信号②暗示 v.发信号 vt.①表明②预示着
24. strain /streɪn/ vi.尽力vt.①绷紧②拉伤③过滤 n.①紧张②张力
25. tension /ˈtenʃən/ n.①紧张②紧张关系③张力
26. conquer /ˈkɔŋkə/ vt.①战胜②征服③克服
27. extend /ɪkˈstend/ v.①延伸②扩大③延期 vt.提供
28. extent  /ɪkˈstent/ n.①范围②限度
29. expose /ɪkˈspəuz/ vt.①暴露②揭露③(照片)曝光
30. exposure /ɪkˈspəuʒə/  n.①暴露②揭露③曝光
二：短语梳理
1.fell ill/asleep 生病/入睡
2. sb be familiar with sth   sth be familiar to sb   熟悉
3 find sb doing    find sth done 
4.  find faults with sb.找某人的茬
5.  in favor of 支持    do sb a favor 帮忙
6. a feast for the eyes 视觉盛宴
7. be back on one's feet 复原
8. be fed up with  厌烦
9. feed sb on sth /feed sth to sb 给……喂养  feed on 以...为食
10. feel like doing 想做
三：阅读训练
The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures, but created what might be called “the heroic age of Antarctic exploration”. By their great effort, men, such as Shakleton, Scott, and Amundsen, caused a new continent to appear from the shadows. The heroic age, more than a century old, is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing. The future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers used.
Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America, and large field of work waits for geographers and explorers. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted. Once their labors are completed, it will be possible to explore the vast resources, like copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores(矿石). Such discoveries will open an age of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.
The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light, and make possible the establishing of airfields for the future inter-continental air services by making these areas as light as day.
The climate is not likely to offer a serious problem, for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Byrd even makes sure that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world, for the cold of thousands of years has sterilize(消毒)this continent to make it absolutely germ-free. So ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are unknown here.
Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the seashores of this continent, and what so few years ago was regarded as a “dead continent” now promises to be a most active center of human life.
1.When did man discover the Antarctic?
A.In 100 BC.
B.In the 21st century.
C.About 100 years ago.
D.At the beginning of the 19th century.
2.What does the author say about the Antarctic exploration in the heroic age?
A.It didn't take explorers much effort.
B.It might depend on the dogs rather than motors.
C.It began with the aid of advanced science and technology.
D.It proved that the Antarctic was the most interesting spot.
3.What do we know about the Antarctic?
A.Its climate makes people suffer from many diseases.
B.Its exploration doesn't require great courage.
C.It has been suitable for motor vehicle traffic.
D.It can have many metals and minerals.
4.What is being planned for the Antarctic continent?
A.Setting up some permanent bases on the shores.
B.Building roads for walking along the seashores.
C.Setting up several active business centers.
D.Mapping the coast and the whole continent.
答案
1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的The heroic age, more than a century old, is already passing.可知答案。
2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的The future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers used.可知答案。
3.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Once their labors are completed, it will be possible to explore the vast resources, like copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores(矿石).可知答案。
4.A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the seashores of this continent可知答案。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（二十三）
一：词汇梳理
1．substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/  n.代用品，代替者 vt.用…代替
2．replace /rɪˈpleɪs/  vt.①替换②取代③把…放回原处
3．flock /flɔk/  n.(禽、畜等的)群 v.群集
4．lap① /læp/  n.(人坐着时的)大腿部
5．lap② /læp/  n.①(跑道的)一圈②(旅程的)一段
6．lap③ /læp/  vt.(动物)舔(食) v.(波浪等)拍打
7．current /ˈkʌrənt/  a.①流行的②当前的 n.①潮流②电流
8．board /bɔːd/  n.①板②木板 v.上(船、车等) vi.寄宿
9．aboard /əˈbɔːd/  prep./ ad.在(或到)船(或车、飞机)上，上船(或车、飞机)
10．media /ˈmiːdiə/  n. (新闻)媒体
11．scale /skeɪl/  n.①标度②等级③规模 vt.攀登，爬越
12．surge /səːdʒ/  n.①急剧上升②(感情等的)涌起 vi.(感情等)涌起
13．matter /ˈmætə/  n.①事情②思想 vi.要紧
14．incident /ˈɪnsɪdənt/  n.事件
15．trifle /ˈtraɪfəl/  n.①琐事②少量的钱 vi.怠慢
16．abstract /əbˈstrækt/ vt.①提(或抽)取②作摘要 /ˈæbstrækt/ a.抽象(派)的 /ˈæbstrækt/ n.摘要
17．concrete /ˈkɔŋkriːt/  n.混凝土 a.具体的
18．arouse /əˈrauz/  vt.①引起②唤醒
19．arise /əˈraɪz/  vi.①出现②由…引起
20．rouse /rauz/  vt.①唤醒②激励
21．lean① /liːn/  vi.①倾斜②靠③依赖
22．lean② /liːn/  a.①(肉)瘦的②收益差的
23．object /ˈɔbdʒɪkt/ n.①宾语②目的/əbˈdʒekt/ vi.反对，不赞成
24．objective /əbˈdʒektɪv/  n.目标 a.客观的
25．subject /səbˈdʒekt/ vt.使经受/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ n.①主语②主题③科目/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ a.受…支配的
26．squeeze /skwiːz/  vt.①挤②挤出 v.(使)挤进 n.挤压
27．compare /kəmˈpeə/  vt.①比较②把…比作 vi.与…相比 n.比较
28．comparable /ˈkɔmpərəbəl/  a.①比得上的②可比较的
29．comparison /kəmˈpærɪsən/  n.①比较②比拟
30．mood /muːd/  n.心情
二：短语梳理
1.  figure out 弄明白
2 . be full of    be filled with   充满着
3 find sb doing /find sth done 
4. finish doing sth 完成做
5. set sth on fire     set fire to sth 放火烧
6. be fit for 适合   fit in 相适应相融合
7. focus on 聚焦于
8. be fond of 喜欢
9. set foot in/on踏入，踏上 on foot步行 struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起
10. play football 踢足球
三：阅读训练
It was needles that brought Anaelle Regniel to China. She was attracted by the “tiny silver needles that could soothe(减轻) the pain of a patient” used in acupuncture (针刺疗法).
Following her curiosity, the high school student in France, who was learning Chinese about a decade ago, was eager to find out more about traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).
She majored in both Chinese and Traditional Chinese Medicine at college. Then, considering TCM to be more developed in Britain, where there were a few private hospitals of TCM, she did an internship (实习医生的工作)at a TCM clinic in Leeds, Britain. That was where she heard about the scholarship of the first Confucius Institute for TCM.
In 2013, she studied Chinese at the Confucius Institute in Leeds for three months, and won a scholarship. She then started a one-year internship in Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine in Harbin.
“I thought in the beginning that with the knowledge and techniques of acupuncture, it would not be so difficult. After all, acupuncture should be the same everywhere, right?” the 27-year-old woman recalled. Before long, she found with dismay that she was wrong. 
Later on, she learned to give prescriptions (药方). Learning the properties, compositions and curative effects of TCM was difficult but useful.
And now she is in her third year of graduate studies supported by the local government in China's Heilongjiang Province. 
“I will go back to France as an inheritor (继承者)of traditional Chinese culture and help those in need with my knowledge and skills,” Anaelle Regniel shared in a speech.
1.What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A.Acupuncture is very popular in France. 
B.Anaelle Regniel was curious about Chinese.
C.Traditional Chinese medicine holds great attraction for Anaelle Regniel.
D.Anaelle Regniel came to China when she was in high school.
2.Why did Anaelle Regniel do an internship in Britain?
A.She couldn't find a job in France. 
B.She was admitted into a university in Britain.
C.She wanted to get a scholarship from the Confucius Institute.
D.She could get more chances to learn traditional Chinese medicine.
3.Which of the following words can best describe Anaelle Regniel?                     
A.Curious and stubborn.         B.Caring and interesting.
C.Determined and ambitious.     D.Helpful and considerate.
4.What does the underlined phrase “with dismay” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Regretfully.    B.Fortunately.
C.Worriedly.    D.Accidentally.
答案
1.C　推理判断题。第二段提到,由于好奇,Anaelle Regniel渴望了解传统中医,故C项符合本段内容,Anaelle Regniel被传统中医深深地吸引住了。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段的where there were a few private hospitals of TCM可知,英国有一些私立中医院,这正是她到英国中医诊所实习的原因,故D项正确。
3.C　推理判断题。由全文可知,Anaelle Regniel对中医针灸感兴趣,所以想尽方法来学习,并且还计划回到法国,传播中国的传统文化,救助更多的人。由此可知C项正确,她是个“意志坚定、有抱负”的人。
4.C　词义猜测题。本段提到,她最初认为针灸没有那么难。但是不久之后她发现事实并非如此,所以会感到“忧虑”,故C项正确。regretfully后悔地;fortunately幸运地;accidentally偶然地。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（二十四）
一：词汇梳理
1.  stock /stɔk/ n.①库存②股票 v.储存
2.  cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/  vt.①耕作②种植③培养
3.  exhaust /ɪgˈzɔːst/ vt.①使筋疲力尽②耗尽 n.①排气装置②废气
4.  clockwise /ˈklɔkwaɪz/  ad./ a.顺时针方向(的)
5.  career /kəˈrɪə/ n.①履历②职业
6.  bow① /bau/  vi./ n.鞠躬
7.  bow② /bau/  n.①弓②蝴蝶结
8.  childlike /ˈtʃaɪldlaɪk/  a.孩子般的，天真无邪的
9.  cell /sel/ n.①细胞②单人牢房③蜂房
10.  shift /ʃɪft/ v.①移动②改变③换挡 n.①转移②轮班
11.  directly /dɪˈrektli/ ad.①直接地②恰好 conj.一…就…
12.  indirect /ˌɪndɪˈrekt/  a.①间接的②(说话)婉转的
13.  miracle /ˈmɪrəkəl/ n.奇迹
14.  patch /pætʃ/ n.补丁 v.修补
15.  gradual /ˈgrædʒuəl/ a.逐渐的，逐步的
16.  consult /kənˈsʌlt/ v.①请教②商量 vt.查阅
17.  sting /stɪŋ/ v.①刺②(使)刺痛 n.刺(痛)
18.  swear /sweə/ v.宣誓 vi.诅咒
19.  forge /fɔːdʒ/ vt.①伪造②锻造 vi.稳步前进
20.  organ /ˈɔːgən/ n.①器官②机构
21.  log /lɔg/ n.原木 vt.正式记录
22.  mushroom /ˈmʌʃruːm/ n.蘑菇 vi.迅速成长(或发展)
23.  stretch /stretʃ/ v.①(被)拉长②(伸展)肢体 vi.延伸延 n.拉长，延伸
24.  evil /ˈiːvəl/ n.邪恶 a.邪恶的
25.  subdivide /ˌsʌbdɪˈvaɪd/  vt.再分，细分
26.  basement /ˈbeɪsmənt/ n.①地下室②建筑物的底部
27.  reverse /rɪˈvəːs/ vt.①调换②翻转③推翻 n.①颠倒②相反情况 a.相反的
28.  remote /rɪˈməut/ a.①遥远的②关系疏远的③绝少的④冷淡的
29.  senior /ˈsiːniə/ a.①级别较高的的②年长的
30.  junior /ˈdʒuːniə/ a.①地位低的②年少的 n.①晚辈②三年级学生
二：短语梳理
1. forbid sb to do sth   forbid doing sth 禁止
2. forget to do sth  忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过
3. force sb to do 迫使某人做
4. in the form of 以……的形式
5. look forward to (doing) sth 期盼
6. set sb free 释放某人  free sb of /from sth 把某人从……中解脱出来/摆脱
7. make friends with sb 与……交朋友  be friendly to sb 对……友好
8. in frond of 在……前面    in the frond of 在……（内部）前面
9  in general    一般的，通常的    generally speaking  一般来说
10. get burnt /lost/hurt 被烧伤/失踪/受伤
get sb to do sth 让某人去做某事   get sth done 让……被做
三：阅读训练
My friend Jennifer was going to be at my school!I was convinced that we would be best friends. She introduced me to her friend Amy and we had lots of fun together. But things started to change. Jennifer wanted to be the “leader”of our little group. She was controlling, and I couldn't make new friends. If I made new friends, she would decide that I was“mad at her”. Pretty soon being Jennifer's friend was a struggle.
I always waited for Jennifer and Amy after class, but sometimes when they left, they'd walk right past me as if they couldn't even see me.
We often gossiped about people, and I soon realized that nobody was good enough for Jennifer. She had a list of bad things about everybody, even Amy, and about me, I guessed. I changed—I became moody, depressed, and lonely. I spent days trying not to cry. I felt so left out.
Finally, something snapped. I was sick of having to battle for friendship. I stopped sitting with Jennifer at lunch and waiting for her after class. Jennifer quickly announced I was “mad at her”. I said, “I'm not mad. I just want to make more friends.”But to Jennifer, it was all or nothing, and she was convinced I was mad at her. Our friendship fell to pieces. 
It was tough at first, but I found many girls whom Jennifer had classified as “moody”or “mean”to be the sweetest, friendliest people in the world.
Now, I have tons of friends. They support me when I am sad, and I support them. We have fun together and I love them all. It amazes me how easy our friendship is. There is no struggling to be on top—we are all equal. It doesn't matter to me if two of them walk away or buy friendship necklaces together. It doesn't hurt my feelings or make me feel alone.
I lost a friend, but I am a happier person now.
1.The writer thought Jennifer  　. 
A.far too outstanding to match
B.rather annoying and dull
C.too self-centered
D.the right one to make friends with
2.What does the underlined part “something snapped”in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.The writer and Jennifer hated each other.
B.The writer and Jennifer broke up.
C.Jennifer treated the writer worse.
D.The writer felt mad about losing Jennifer.
3.The writer decided to break up with Jennifer because  　. 
A.Jennifer spoke ill of her behind her back
B.she had made other friends
C.Jennifer had hurt her feelings
D.other girls were sweeter and friendlier than Jennifer
4.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.The writer now regrets losing her friend Jennifer.
B.The writer still gets upset when left out occasionally.
C.The writer's new friends are all moody and mean.
D.The writer enjoys more than just one friendship.
答案
1.C　事实细节题。根据第一段中的Jennifer wanted to be the “leader” of our little group. She was controlling...可知Jennifer 是一个以自我为中心(self-centered)且喜欢发号施令的人,故答案为C项。A项(太出色了以至于无法匹配),B项(相当烦人、无聊),D项(恰恰是可以与之交朋友的人)均未提及,故排除。
2.B　猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第四段中画线部分“something snapped”的意思是什么?第四段最后一句“Our friendship fell to pieces.(我们的友谊破碎。)”与第一句前后呼应,是总结句。由此可知:作者和Jennifer的关系最后破裂(broke up)了,故答案为B项。
3.C　事实细节题。本题题干意为:作者决定与Jennifer绝交的原因是  　。根据前四段内容尤其是“struggle” “left out” 等关键词可知在作者和Jennifer的友谊中她没有被平等对待,感情受到了伤害,因此有了绝交的想法。此外,文章倒数第二段最后一句It doesn't hurt my feelings or make me feel alone.也从反面说明了这一点。 
4.D　推理判断题。本题题干意为:从文中我们可以推断出什么?开始时作者觉得她和Jennifer是最好的朋友,但作者却被 Jennifer 忽略因而厌倦了这种单方面付出的友情,后来作者交了更多的朋友之后才发现周围有很多能够相互平等对待的朋友,也就慢慢地从中得到了快乐。由此可知答案为D项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（二十五）
一：词汇梳理
1.  emerge /ɪˈməːdʒ/ vi.①出现②(事实)暴露
2.  commute /kəˈmjuːt/ vi.长途上下班 n.每天上班的路程
3.  digest /daɪˈdʒest/ vt.①消化②领悟 /ˈdaɪdʒest/ n.摘要
4.  plug /plʌg/ n.①插头②塞子 vt.把…塞住
5.  claw /klɔː/ n.爪 v.抓
6.  vessel /ˈvesəl/ n.①船②容器③管
7.  chase /tʃeɪs/ n./ v.追逐 vt.追求
8.  sphere /sfɪə/ n.①球②范围
9.  stem /stem/ n.茎 vi.源自
10.  oval /ˈəuvəl/ a.椭圆形的 n.椭圆形
11.  bolt /bəult/ n.①螺栓②闪电 vi.急奔
12.  mature /məˈtʃuə/ a.①成熟的②成年的 vi.成熟
13.  mode /məud/ n.①方式②样式
14.  skeleton /ˈskelɪtən/ n.①骨骼②梗概
15.  frame /freɪm/ n.①框架②构架 vt.①给…镶框②制订(计划)
16.  intimate① /ˈɪntɪmɪt/  a.①亲密的②个人的
17.  intimate② /ˈɪntɪmeɪt/  vt.暗示，提示
18.  demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/  vt.①示范②论证 vi.示威
19.  aspect /ˈæspekt/ n.①容貌②方面
20.  hedge /hedʒ/ v.避免正面回答
21.  withstand /wɪðˈstænd/ vt.经受住，抵抗
22.  physical /ˈfɪzɪkəl/ a.①物质的②身体的
23.  collapse/kəˈlæps/ vi./ n.①倒塌②崩溃③暴跌
24.  boost /buːst/ vt.①推动②向上推起  n.①提高②推动
25.  monitor /ˈmɔnɪtə/ n.显示器 vt.监测
26.  torture /ˈtɔːtʃə/ vt.①拷问②折磨 n.①拷问②折磨
27.  scene /siːn/ n.①一场②景色③圈子，活动领域
28.  compose /kəmˈpəuz/ vt.①创作②由…组成，构成
29.  leak /liːk/ vi.漏出 vt.透露 n.①漏洞②泄漏
30.  candidate /ˈkændɪdɪt/ n.①候选人②求职申请人③报考者
二：短语梳理
1. from time to time 不时地from now on 从现在起   from then on 从那时起
2. have a gift for =be gifted in 有……天赋
3. get the hang of 熟悉 理解 掌握  get close to   接近
get on /along will with 与相处/进展  get away with   做某事逃脱惩罚
4. glance at 扫视一瞥glare at 怒视stare at 盯着，凝视
5 go home回家/go to school上学 /go shopping去购物/ go for a walk去散步 /go bad 变坏/ go through经历 
6. be good for 对……有益be good to 对……友善 be good at 对……擅长
7. graduate form 从……毕业
8. be grateful to sb for sth 因……对某人感激
9. greet sb with sth 以……问候某人
10. under the guidance of sb在某人的指导下   
with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下
三：阅读训练
WHERE TO GO IN AUGUST?
In Europe
August is the height of the peak season!Millions of holidaymakers from around the world invade the beaches and the countryside of Southern Europe. The climate is great for travel for just about the whole of the continent with just a few areas affected by extreme heat.
The north of Europe is lovely during this month and summer is the ideal time to visit those countries that are generally considered a little cold and damp such as Ireland, Scotland or Holland.    In Asia
This season is considered the least favourable. The monsoon(季风) season is at its height over the majority of this area with the exception of only a few countries. Everywhere else a hot, and very damp climate prevails(盛行).
In Africa
Maghreb is crowded with tourists. The climate is hot and dry. The Atlantic coast of Morocco is pleasant thanks to the ocean's influence. Further to the south it is only along the latitudes(纬度地区) of Kenya and Tanzania that the climate becomes favourable to visitors.    In America
The north is generally hot and dry(sometimes extremely hot in the deserts towards the west of the USA). Central America experiences a short rainy season at this time but towards the south the conditions are more favourable.
July and August are often not so pleasant when it comes to quietness and prices. The vast majority of European countries have their main holidays during this period so the hotels are generally crowded and the prices are high for the majority of destinations.
1.Which part may be the last choice for travelling in August?                    
A.Asia.                   B.Africa.
C.Southern Europe.         D.South America.
2.Besides climate,     can contribute to your disappointment when travelling in August. 
A.hotel prices             B.a peaceful environment
C.transportation expenses      D.troublesome holidaymakers
3.What does the underlined word“invade”in the part“In Europe”mean?
A.Immigrate to.             B.Visit separately.
C.Enter in large numbers.       D.Attack and occupy.
答案
1.A　细节理解题。由In Asia一栏中的“This season is considered the least favourable.”可知,此时去亚洲旅游最为不利,因为季风会影响到大部分地区,气候炎热、潮湿,故A项正确。
2.A　细节理解题。根据最后一部分的内容可知,此时旅游在价格和安静方面不理想,大部分宾馆价格高昂且拥挤,故A项可能会让游客失望。
3.C　词义猜测题。上句提到“八月是旅游的高峰期”,由此推断本句指出,大量游客会涌入南欧的海滩和乡村,C项意为“大量进入”,符合语境。A项意为“向……移民”;B项意为“分开参观”;D项意为“攻击和占领”。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（二十六）
一：词汇梳理
1.  vital /ˈvaɪtl/ a.①极其重要的②维持生命的③充满活力的
2.  transparent /trænˈspærənt/  a.①透明的②明显的
3.  ignore /ɪgˈnɔː/ vt.不顾，不理
4.  neglect /nɪˈglekt/ vt./ n.①忽视②疏忽
5.  overlook /ˌəuvəˈluk/ vt.①俯瞰②忽略
6.  transplant /trænsˈplɑːnt/  n.移植 vt.①移栽(植物) ②移植(器官)
7.  bound① /baund/ n./ vi.跳(跃)
8.  bound② /baund/ a.有义务的
9.  leap /liːp/ v.跳，跳跃 n.跳跃
10.  purchase /ˈpəːtʃɪs/ vt.购买 n.①购买②购买的物品
11.  assure /əˈʃuə/ vt.①明确地告诉(某人) ②使(某事)确定
12.  insure /ɪnˈʃuə/ vt.保证，担保
13.  ensure /ɪnˈʃuə/ vt.保证，确保
14.  distract /dɪˈstrækt/ vt.使分心，打扰
15.  surrender /səˈrendə/ n./ v.①交出,放弃②投降
16.  trail /treɪl/ n.①小道②痕迹 vt.跟踪，追踪
17.  trace /treɪs/ n.痕迹 vt.①追踪查出②追溯
18.  track /træk/ n.①足迹②(铁路)轨道  vt.跟踪，追踪
19.  target /ˈtɑːgɪt/ n.①目标②对象 vt.把…作为目标
20.  tender /ˈtendə/ a.①脆弱的②温柔的
21.  suicide /ˈsuːɪsaɪd/ n.①自杀②自取灭亡
22.  territory /ˈterɪtəri/ n.①领土②领域
23.  thumb /θʌm/ n.大拇指 vt.用手指翻动书页
24.  ridge /rɪdʒ/ n.①山脊②屋脊
25.  orbit /ˈɔːbɪt/ n.轨道 v.(使)沿…轨道运行
26.  humble /ˈhʌmbəl/ a.①谦卑的②卑微的 vt.降低
27.  lens /lenz/ n.①镜头②透镜③(眼球的)晶状体
28.  extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːdənəri/  a.①非凡的②异乎寻常的
29.  blade /bleɪd/ n.①刀刃②叶片
30.  backup /ˈbækʌp/ n.①候补②后备人员
二：短语梳理
1. grow up 长大   grown –ups  成年人
2. hand in 上交 hand in hand 手拉手 shake hands with sb 和……握手
3. have got to 不得不
4. have fun with 玩的开心
5. hear from sb 收到……来信  hear of/about 听说
6. hang on 不挂断，坚持住  hang up 挂断
a picture hanging on the wall 挂在墙上的画
7.sth happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上
sb happen to do sth 碰巧做某事……
it happened that  碰巧
8. Hardly had sb done ...when sb did...一…就…
9. do harm to    be harmful to 对……有害 
10. have sth to do 有某事要做  have sth done 让某事被做、请人做、遭遇到
have sb do sth 让某人做   have sb doing 让某人一直做
三：阅读训练
US scientists say they have poured cold water on the theory that washing hands with hot water kills more germs(细菌)than unheated water. The small study of 20 people found using water at 15℃(59℉) left hands as clean as water heated to 38℃(100℉). 
The National Health Service(NHS) recommends that people wash their hands in either cold or warm water. In this study, scientists at Rutgers University wanted to find out if popular assumptions about the benefits of warm or hot water and official guidance on hot water—given to the food industry in the US—held true. They asked 20 people to wash their hands 20 times each with water that was 15℃(59℉), 26℃(79℉) or 38 degrees(100℉). Volunteers were also asked to experiment with varying amounts of soap. Before they started the tests, their hands were covered in harmless bugs. Researchers say there was no difference in the amount of bugs removed as the temperature of the water or the amount of soap changed.
Prof Donald Schaffner said:“People need to feel comfortable when they are washing their hands but as far as effectiveness goes, this study shows us that the temperature of the water used did not matter.”
However, the researchers accept their study is small and say more extensive work is needed to determine the best ways to remove harmful bacteria.
In the UK, NHS experts say people can use cold or hot water to wash their hands. They say hands should be washed for at least 20 seconds and stress the importance of using enough soap to cover the whole surface of the hands. Their guidance focuses on rubbing hands together in various ways to make sure each surface of each hand is clean.
1.What does the underlined phrase“poured cold water on”in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.Proved.               B.Contradicted.
C.Created.               D.Accepted.
2.After they washed their hands with either hot or cold water,    . 
A.volunteers all didn't feel very comfortable
B.volunteers all talked about America
C.volunteers still had many germs on their hands
D.volunteers nearly had the same amount of germs removed
3.What do the researchers think of the study?
A.It is popular.        B.It is convincing.
C.It is incomplete.    D.It is abstract.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Using Cold Water Instead of Hot Water
B.How to Use Cold Water to Wash Hands
C.It Is Better to Wash Hands in Cold Water?
D.Washing Hands in Cold Water As Good As in Hot Water
答案
1.B　词义猜测题。根据下文可知科学家们反驳了热水能更好地杀死细菌的理论,故选B。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,水温的不同并未导致细菌数量的变化,因此无论是用热水还是冷水洗手,除掉的细菌量是相同的,故D项正确。
3.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,研究人员认为他们目前的研究还不完善,故C项正确。
4.D　主旨大意题。由全文可知,文章主要介绍了一项新的研究成果,即冷水和热水洗手效果相同,故D项正确。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（二十七）
一：词汇梳理
1.  priority /praɪˈɔrɪti/  n.①优先(权) ②优先考虑的事
2.  register /ˈredʒɪstə/  n.登记(簿) v.登记
3.  proportion /prəˈpɔːʃən/  n.①比例②均衡 vt.使均衡，使相称
4.  reluctant /rɪˈlʌktənt/  a.不情愿的，勉强的
5.  quest /kwest/  vi./ n.搜寻，探求
6.  pursue /pəˈsjuː/  vt.①追逐②继续进行③追求
7.  proclaim /prəˈkleɪm/  vt.宣布，声明
8.  release /rɪˈliːs/  vt.①释放②发布③放开n.发布
9.  provoke /prəˈvəuk/  vt.①对…挑衅②引起
10. trash /træʃ/  n.①糟粕②垃圾 vt.破坏
11. universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvəːsəl/  a.①宇宙的②普遍的③通用的
12. restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/  vt.限制，约束
13. restrain /rɪˈstreɪn/  vt.①抑制②克制
14. confine/kənˈfaɪn/  vt.使局限
15. via /ˈvaɪə/  prep.①经过②借助于
16. abandon /əˈbændən/  vt.①抛弃②放弃 n.放纵
17. desert① /ˈdezət/  n.①沙漠②荒凉的境地(或时期)
18. desert② /dɪˈzəːt/  v.①抛弃②(军人)擅离职守
19. discard /dɪsˈkɑːd/  vt.扔掉，丢弃
20. obstacle /ˈɔbstəkəl/  n.障碍，妨碍
21. disturb /dɪˈstəːb/  vt.①打扰②搅乱
22. qualify /ˈkwɔlɪfaɪ/  v.(使)具有资格
23. section /ˈsekʃən/  n.①章节②部分③部门
24. sector /ˈsektə/  n.①部门②防区③扇形
25. segment /ˈsegmənt/  vt.分割，划分
26. uniform /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/  n.制服a.一致的
27. overwhelm /ˌəuvəˈwelm/  vt.①(感情或感觉)满溢②征服③使应接不暇
28. terminal /ˈtəːmɪnəl/  n.①终点站②终端 a.①末端的②晚期的
29. veil /veɪl/  n.①面纱②遮蔽物 vt.用面纱掩盖
30.reveal /rɪˈviːl/  vt.①揭露②展现
二：短语梳理
1. head for 前往
2. lose heart 灰心气馁   lose one's heart to  爱上…
3. help sb (to) do sth    help sb with sth      help sb out    帮助某人做
4. be of (great) help = be (very)helpful 有帮助
6. be home to 是……产地
7. hold one's breath屏住呼吸 hold a meeting 开会 out of breath 气喘吁吁
8. hunt for a job找工作 hunt animals 猎杀动物 go hunting  去打猎
9. hurry up 快点   in a hurry 匆匆忙忙地
10. imagine doing sth 想象做……
三：阅读训练
Quietly sitting there reading, I found myself suddenly listening to the train guard's announcement. Train travelers will surely agree that when the guard makes an announcement, whether it's the recorded message or the guard's message, few people listen to it, because it's often quite dull or hard to understand. This one was different. I noticed that other passengers appeared to be listening, too. Not only that, everyone was smiling!
Why was so much attention being paid to this message?As best I can recall, the guard said something along these lines,“Good morning, ladies, gentlemen and children, this is the 7:35 a.m. train from Penrith to Central and you'll be pleased to know that we are right on time. And what a lovely morning it is in Sydney today! The sun is shining, birds are singing, and all are right in the world. I trust you will have a great day wherever you're going. Thanks for catching my train this morning and I hope to see you again soon.”
Quite a few people (obviously previous strangers) started talking to one another about the guard's excellent message and how good it had made everyone feel. I started thinking about this, and then I found the young guard and said,“Were you the guard on the 7:35 a.m. train from Penrith?”The guard seemed a bit stunned at first, replying,“Yes, yyyyes.”“Well, I really appreciate your announcement. Thank you for your extremely good message, which gave me and the other passengers such a good start to the day. Please keep doing it,”I said.
There are two messages for me in what happened that day. Firstly, when people are happy with their work it shows in what they do and say. Secondly, the story attaches much importance to the benefits that accumulate from thanking people for something they've done, particularly when it's not expected. Can you imagine the conversation that guard would have when he got home?
1.Why do few train travelers listen to the announcements?
A.The messages are unattractive.
B.The guard's voice is not clear.
C.They usually feel sleepy.
D.They are absorbed in books.
2.What does the underlined word“stunned”in Paragraph 3 mean?                     
A.Patient.    B.Cautious.    C.Surprised.    D.Excited.
3.What might the guard talk about with his family when he got home?
A.The beautiful weather.
B.The recorded message.
C.The train from Penrith.
D.The unexpected appreciation.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.An Intelligent Guard
B.A Boring Train Story
C.A Different Train Announcement
D.A Lovely Morning in Sydney
答案
1.A　细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么很少火车旅客听广播?根据第一段中“...when the guard makes an announcement, whether it's the recorded message or the guard's message, few people listen to it, because it's often quite dull or hard to understand.”(当列车长广播时,无论是预先录制好的还是现场广播的,很少人会听,因为他说的通常很无聊或很难懂。)可知答案为A项。B:列车长的声音不清楚;C:他们经常感到很困;D:他们专心读书。
2.C　词义猜测题。本题题干意为:第三段中画线词“stunned”的意思是什么?根据第三段中列车长的回答(Yes, yyyyes.)可知stunned的意思是:吃惊的,感到惊讶的,故答案为C项。A:耐心的;B:小心的;D:激动的。
3.D　推理判断题。本题题干意为:当那位列车长回家时可能会和他的家人谈什么?通过倒数第二段作者对列车长的赞许可推知那位列车长回家后可能会和家人谈论自己得到的意外感激,故答案为D项。
4.C　主旨大意题。本题题干意为:以下哪一项可以成为文章的最佳题目?本文是以列车长与众不同的、快乐阳光的广播为线索展开的,故答案为C项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（二十八）
一：词汇梳理
1. stain /steɪn/ n.污点 v.（被）弄污 vt.染色
2. solar /ˈsəulə/ a.①太阳的②(利用)太阳能的
3. stable① /ˈsteɪbəl/ a.①稳定的②稳重的
4. stable② /ˈsteɪbəl/ n.马厩，马棚
5. steer /stɪə/ v.驾驶 vt.引导，操纵
6. stereotype /ˈsteriətaɪp/ n.固定的模式 vt.对…形成固定看法
7. stripe /straɪp/ n.条纹
8. stir /stəː / vt.①搅拌②激发 n.①搅拌②纷乱
9. stoop /stuːp/ vi.弯腰 n.弯腰
10. submerge /səbˈməːdʒ/ vt.淹没 vi.潜水
11. succeed /səkˈsiːd/ v.①继承②接替 vi.成功
12. scrape /skreɪp/ v.刮n.①刮削声②刮
13. scratch /skrætʃ/ v.抓n.①抓痕②起跑线
14. include /ɪnˈkluːd/ vt.①包括②把…算入
15. exclude /ɪkˈskluːd/ vt.把…排除在外
16. eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ vt.①消除②淘汰
17. rob /rɔb/ vt.①抢劫②剥夺
18. cheat /tʃiːt/ v.作弊 vt.欺诈 n.①欺骗行为②作弊者
19. split /splɪt/ v.①劈开②产生分歧 vi.分开 n.①分裂②裂口
20. spot /spɔt/ n.①斑点②地点 vt.①认出②玷污
21. flourish /ˈflʌrɪʃ / vi.①繁荣②茂盛
22. transmit /trænzˈmɪt/ vt.①传播②传输③传导
23. suspect /səˈspekt/ vt.怀疑 n.嫌疑犯
24. stale /steɪl/ a.①不新鲜的②陈腐的
25. approach /əˈprəutʃ/ v.①接近②临近 vt.对付 n.①接近②方法
26. gamble /ˈgæmbəl/ vi./n.赌博
27. swallow① /ˈswɔləu/ vt.吞，咽
28. swallow② /ˈswɔləu/ n.燕子
29. chew /tʃuː/ v.①咀嚼②思量
30. profile /ˈprəufaɪl/ n.①侧面②轮廓 vt.①显出…的轮廓②写…的传略
二：短语梳理
1. sth be of importance =sth be important  重要
2. in ruins一片废墟  in search of寻找的  
in spite of尽管
in terms of就……而言   
in memory of /in honor of 以纪念
in the flesh 本人亲自   
in the meantime在此期间
in time及时 in vain徒劳
in advance 提前 
in cash用现金
in debt负债
in disguise 伪装
in favor of 支持
in good condition 状况良好
in need of 需要 
in particular 尤其，特别 
in rags衣衫褴褛
3. impress sb with sth 以……给某人留下印象
make/leave a good impression on sb 给某人留下好印象
4. have an influence on sb 对...有影响
5. inform sb of sth 通知告知某人某事   
keep sb informed of sth 让某人知晓某事
6. insist on doing sth 坚持做
7. instead of 而不是……代替
8. have/lose interest in 对……感/不感兴趣
三：阅读训练
In October, I told the eight-year-olds in the class I taught about my plan. “I'd like all of you to do extra jobs around the house to earn some money,”I said. “Then we'll buy food for a Thanksgiving dinner for someone.” I wanted the children to know that it's more blessed to give than to receive.
Early in Thanksgiving week,the boys and girls arrived at the class holding their hard-earned money. And they couldn't wait to go shopping.In the supermarket, we bought a turkey and some other items. Then someone saw a “necessity”. “Flowers!” Kristine cried. The group rushed toward the holiday plants.
I made a pitch (说教)for practicality. It was more sensible to use any extra money to buy staples (主食)that could be made into meals. After all, I pronounced,“You can't eat flowers.”
“But Mrs. Sherlock,” came the voice,“we want flowers.”
Defeated, I helped them choose a pot of beautiful chrysanthemums(菊花)and put the plant into the cart.
Soon we were on the way to the house of a needy grandmother who had lived alone for many years. When we arrived, a woman with a tired face came to the door to welcome us.
As each box was carried in, the old woman oohed and aahed—much to her visitors' pleasure. When Amy put the chrysanthemums on the counter, the woman seemed surprised. She was wishing it had been a bag of flour, I thought.
When we were back in our car, we could see the kitchen window. The woman walked across the room, past the turkey, past other items,straight to the chrysanthemums and put her face in their petals. When she raised her head, there was a smile on her lips.
In that one brief moment, the children had seen the power they possessed to make another person's life better. And I had seen that sometimes a person needs a pot of purple flowers on a dark November day.
1.What's the author's purpose in asking the students to earn money?
A.To teach them to help with housework.
B.To show that “no pain, no gain”.
C.To give them a moral lesson on devotion.
D.To better their Thanksgiving dinner at school.
2.What's the author's reason for not buying flowers at first?
A.They could only be made into meals.
B.They were not as practical as staples.
C.They couldn't be given to others as gifts.
D.They were too expensive for students.
3.Why did the woman seem surprised at the sight of the chrysanthemums?
A.She wished it had been a bag of flour.
B.She wanted to show her hospitality.
C.She pretended that they were her favorite.
D.She hadn't expected to receive flowers.
4.What did the author think of the whole activity?
A.Carefully designed.
B.Completely predictable.
C.Vaguely aimed.
D.Mentally fruitful.
答案
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的I wanted the children to know that it's more blessed to give than to receive.可知,老师想让学生们明白给予比接受更幸福。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,老师就“实用性”进行劝服,认为用钱买可以做饭的主食更重要,毕竟花儿只能看不能吃,没有主食实用。
3.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的When Amy put the chrysanthemums on the counter, the woman seemed surprised.可知,当Amy把菊花放到(厨房)操作台时,那位老人感到惊讶,作者认为老人希望那盆花是一袋面粉。而根据下文对老人闻花的描述可知,她非常喜欢这盆菊花,因此推出老人感到惊讶是因为她没有料到学生会送花给她。
4.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为这次活动让学生和自己都明白了一些道理,也就是说,他们都从精神上收获很多。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（二十九）
一：词汇梳理
1.  spill /spɪl/ v. (使)溢出 n.摔下
2.  spray /spreɪ/ n.①浪花②喷雾 vt.喷
3.  drip /drɪp/ vi.①滴下②漏水 n.液滴
4.  splash /splæʃ/ v.溅n.①飞溅声②引人注目的事物
5.  confuse /kənˈfjuːz/ vt.①使混乱②使糊涂
6.  version /ˈvəːʃən/ n.①版本②译本③说法
7.  withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ vt.①收回②提取 vi.缩回
8.  supervise /ˈsuːpəvaɪz/ v.监督
9.  shallow /ˈʃæləu/ a.①浅的②浅薄的 n.浅处
10. numerous /ˈnjuːmərəs/ a.众多的，许多的
11. suffer /ˈsʌfə/ v.①遭受②受苦 vi.变差
12. reproduce /ˌriːprəˈdjuːs/  v.繁殖  vt.①复制②使再次发生③重现
13. pave /peɪv/ vt.铺(路)，铺砌
14. undo /ʌnˈduː/ vt.①解开②消除…的坏影响
15. postpone /pəusˈpəun/ vt.推迟
16. sin /sɪn/ n.罪vi.犯戒律，犯过失
17. pledge /pledʒ/ n.①保证②捐款承诺  vt.保证
18. triumph /ˈtraɪəmf/ n.胜利 vi.战胜
19. suck /sʌk/ v.吸，吮
20. lick /lɪk/ n.舔vt.①舔吃②打败 v.(波浪)轻拍
21. rotate /rəuˈteɪt/ v.①(使)旋转②(使)轮流做
22. seal① /siːl/ n.①封蜡②图章 vt.(密)封
23. seal② /siːl/ n.海豹
24. retail /ˈriːteɪl/ n./ v.零售，零卖
25. shelter /ˈʃeltə/ n.①掩蔽②掩蔽处 vi.掩蔽vt.庇护
26. scatter /ˈskætə/ v.①撒②(使)散开
27. renew/rɪˈnjuː/ vt.①(使)更新②重新开始③延长(…的)有效期
28. seize /siːz/ vt.①抓住②夺取③没收
29. rub /rʌb/ v.擦，摩擦
30. sightseeing /ˈsaɪtˌsiːɪŋ/  n.观光，游览
二：短语梳理
1. invite sb to a party邀请某人参加派对invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做
2. judging by/from...从…来判断
3. play a joke/jokes on sb 开某人玩笑
4 the key to the door
the key to solving the problem
5. have a knowledge of ...懂得 精通……
6. laugh at 嘲笑    burst into laughter= burst out laughing 突然大笑起来
7. learn from sb 向某人学习
8. tell a lie/lies to sb 说谎    lie to sb 向某人说谎  lie in sth 存在于
9. be late for school 上学迟到
10. be likely to do sth  可能做   
It's likely that有可能...
三：阅读训练
Come and spend a week with us at Green and Gold Camp on the Sacramento Campus! Days are filled with scavenger hunts, river walks, the Challenge Center, water activities, arts and crafts, games and more! Your adventure begins at Sacramento State.
Awesome Activities:
Orienteering    Scavenger hunt
Ropes course    Arts and crafts
Cooking outdoors    Campus museums
Fun in the sun    River walk
Fun and educational games    Leave no trace principles
Swimming   
Camps Dates and Details:
Week1: 6/1/2017—6/5/2017    Week 2: 6/7/2017—6/11/2017
Week3: 6/12/2017—6/16/2017    Week 4: 6/19/2017—6/23/2017
Week5: 6/26/2017—6/30/2017    Week 6: 7/10/2017—7/14/2017
How much does this camp cost?
This camp is only $290 for an entire week of memories and friendships that will last a lifetime.
A minimum deposit of 50% per child, per camp is required for all registrations (non-refundable). Full payment is due 14 days prior to camp start.
When does the camp begin/end?
Drop-off for Green and Gold Camp begins each morning at 8:00 am. Camp activities begin at 8:30 each day and end at 5:00 pm. All children must be picked up no later than 5:00 pm. Late pick-ups will result in a $10 fee.
What does my child need to bring to the camp?
Peak Adventures will provide a morning and afternoon snack, but your child needs to bring his/her own bag lunch every day. We also do water activities, so be sure to include a swimsuit and a towel each day so they can participate. We suggest packing the following items each day:
T-shirt    Shorts    Sweatshirt
Tennis shoes    Towel    Sunscreen
Day pack    Water bottle    Lunch
Sunglasses    Hat/Visor    Lip
Swimsuit    Water shoes   
The camp must have a minimum of six campers for the program to run. No guarantees. You will receive a full refund for any cancelled camps.
CALL US AT 916—278—6321 FOR MORE INFORMATION AND TO RESERVE YOUR YOUTH CAMP SPOT TODAY.
1.What will be learned at the camp?
A.Holding your footprints.
B.Hunting for small animals.
C.Adventuring in the forest.
D.Playing games in the river.
2.If you are late to fetch your kid twice a week, you have to pay    .                  　
A.$155      B.$310    C.$145      D.$300
3.What must you bring to join the camp?
A.A T-shirt and a sweatshirt.
B.Tennis shoes and water shoes.
C.A swimsuit and a towel.
D.Sunscreen and sunglasses.
答案
1.A　细节理解题。根据第一个方框中的Leave no trace principles可知在营地里会学到“不留下痕迹”原则。故选A项。
2.B　细节理解题。根据This camp is only $290 for an entire week of memories and friendships that will last a lifetime.和All children must be picked up no later than 5:00 pm. Late pick-ups will result in a $10 fee.可知,一周接孩子迟到两次,需付310美元。故选B项。
3.C　细节理解题。根据We also do water activities, so be sure to include a swimsuit and a towel each day so they can participate.可知你必须带一套泳衣和一条毛巾来加入这个营地。故选C项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（三十）
一：词汇梳理
1.   rank /ræŋk/ n.①排②军衔③社会阶层 vt.①分等级②排列
2.   chip /tʃɪp/ n.①切屑②薄片③集成电路块 v.①打破②铲掉
3.   chop /tʃɔp/ vt.砍n.排骨
4.   slice /slaɪs/ n.①薄片②部分 vt.①把…切成薄片②切开
5.   molecule /ˈmɔlɪkjuːl/ n.分子
6.   rate /reɪt/ n.①比率②速度③价格 vt.①把…看成是②评价
7.   ratio /ˈreɪʃiəu/ n.比，比率
8.   correspond /ˌkɔrɪˈspɔnd/ vi.①相当于②相符③通信
9.   mount /maunt/ n.…山vt.①登上②安装vi.渐渐增加
10.  resist /rɪˈzɪst/ v.①抵抗②抵制③忍得住
11.  resistant /rɪˈzɪstənt/ a.①抵制的②有抵抗力的
12.  domestic /dəˈmestɪk/ a.①国内的②家庭的③驯养的
13.  dominate /ˈdɔmɪneɪt/ v.支配 vt.耸立于
14.  nerve /nəːv/ n.①神经紧张②勇气
15.  parallel /ˈpærəlel/ a.①类似的②平行的 vt.①与…同时发生②比得上
16.  peak /piːk/ n.①山峰②最高点 a.①最高的②高峰的 vi.达到高峰
17.  summit /ˈsʌmɪt/ n.①顶峰，极顶②峰会
18.  noticeable /ˈnəutɪsəbəl/ a.显著的
19.  peer① /pɪə/ vi.费力地看
20.  peer② /pɪə/ n.①同龄人②同等地位的人
21.  slip /slɪp/ n.疏漏 vi.①滑(倒) ②溜走
22.  slide /slaɪd/ v.①(使)滑动②悄悄移动 n.①滑坡②滑(动) ③幻灯片
23.  migrate /maɪˈgreɪt/ vi.①移居②(鸟或兽)迁徙
24.  emigrate /ˈemɪgreɪt/ vi.移居外国
25.  immigrate /ˈɪmɪgreɪt/ vi.（从外国）移入
26.  blank /blæŋk/ n.①空白②空白表格 a.①空白的②茫然的
27.  hollow /ˈhɔləu/ a.①中空的②空洞的③虚假的
28.  vacant /ˈveɪkənt/ a.①未占用的②空缺的③空虚的
29.  predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ vt.预言
30.  forecast /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ vt./ n.预报，预测
二：短语梳理
1. set a limit to sth限制
2. leave for 动身  
leave the door open 让门开着
leave me alone 别管我
3. link A to B 把A接到B
4. sb lack sth 缺乏  be lacking in 缺乏
5. keep it up 继续干下去  keep (on) doing sth 继续…
keep one's word 守信   keep sb free from (of) sth让…免于 
6.leave out 省去，不考虑   
7.leave sb alone不理，不干涉某人
listen to 听...     look at 看着
8. lose weight 减肥  lose one's way 迷路 
lose one's job 失业
lose a game 输掉一场比赛
9. at a loss 茫然不知所措
10. a lot of =lots of 许多
三：阅读训练
Have you ever noticed how Americans fill up their entire glasses with ice and then pour their beverages(饮品)in,but Europeans take their drinks at room temperature?In the U.S., we've created fridges that give you cold ice at the push of a button, but in Britain they typically serve their tap water warm.
This tradition—if that's what you want to call it—dates back to the 19th century. During that time, it was already commonplace for most American homes to have an icebox. Ice would be harvested in northern America or Canada and shipped across the Atlantic and sold at a high price in British department stores. Can you imagine going to Macy's to treat yourself to a block of ice?
Putting ice in your drink started to become somewhat of a fashion(时尚)trend for the wealthy in Britain. Some would put a few ice cubes in their champagne and sip their chilled drinks at high-class parties. But, like any fashion trend, it eventually faded, mainly because the ice was just too expensive. And even once iceboxes began appearing in homes in Britain as well, Brits never took a liking to ice in their drinks.
So, next time you travel overseas, don't feel offended(气愤的)when your server gives you an eye roll when you ask for ice water.
1.Who wrote the text?               
A.A European.     B.An American    C.A Canadian.    D.An Asian.
2.Why do Britains take their drinks at room temperature?
A.Because they have no fridges.
B.Because they have warm taps.
C.Because they are accustomed to it.
D.Because they can't afford ice.
3.What can we infer about Brits?
A.They treat their guests to cold drinks.
B.They always follow what Americans do.
C.They don't know where to get ice cubes.
D.They have iceboxes later than Americans.
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.Why Americans like icy drinks while Europeans don't.
B.When people overseas have icy drinks with their meals.
C.Where people can entertain themselves with icy drinks.
D.How Europeans and Americans make different beverages.
答案
1.B　事实细节题。本题题干意为:本文是谁写的?根据第一段中的“In the U.S., we've created fridges...”(在美国,我们发明了冰箱……)可知作者是一个美国人。
2.C　推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么英国人喝常温饮品?根据第一段最后一句、第二段第一句以及第三段可推知,现在英国人喝常温饮品的原因是他们已经习惯了常温饮品,故答案为C项。本题易误选为D项(他们买不起冰块),但根据第三段最后一句(甚至冰箱在英国家庭出现,英国人也不喜欢在饮品中加冰块),可排除D项。
3.D　推理判断题。本题题干意为:对于英国人,我们可以推断出什么?根据第三段的介绍“英国人也曾把喝冰镇饮品作为一种时尚,但是由于冰块价格太贵,这种时尚渐渐消失了,以至于英国家庭出现冰箱后,他们也不喜欢冰镇饮品。”可推知,英国人有冰箱的时间比美国人要晚,故答案为D项。英国人喜欢常温饮品,根据他们的习惯他们不会用冷饮招待客人,故排除A项;根据第三段内容可知B项中的always(总是)是错误的,故排除B项;C项(他们不知道在哪里得到小冰块)在文中并未提及,故排除C项。
4.A　主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本文主要谈论了什么?本文为说明文。根据说明文的特点(第一段往往是文章的中心)可知,本文主要讲美国人喜欢冰镇饮品而英国人却喜欢常温饮品的原因,故答案为A项。