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2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（三十四） 一：词汇梳理 1. crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ n.危机，紧要关头 2. differ /ˈdɪfə/ vi.①不同②有异议 3. discipline /ˈdɪsɪplɪn/ n.①纪律②训练 vt.①训练②惩罚 4. disgust /dɪsˈgʌst/ n.厌恶 vt.使厌恶 5. erode /ɪˈrəud/ v.①(酸、雨等)侵蚀②逐步削弱 6. scope /skəup/ n.①范围②余地 7. eternal /ɪˈtəːnəl/ a.①永恒的②没完没了的 8. acquaintance /əˈkweɪntəns/ n.①认识②相识 9. acquaint /əˈkweɪnt/ vt.使了解 10. secure /sɪˈkuə/ a.①安全的②放心的 vt.①得到②使安全 11. exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ vt.①开发②充分利用 12. automate /ˈɔːtəmeɪt/ vt.使…自动化 13. automatic /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/ a.自动的 n.有自动装置的汽车 14. highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/ vt.①使显著②标出 n.最精彩的部分 15. entry /ˈentri/ n.①入口②进入③条目 16. harness /ˈhɑːnɪs/ vt.①治理②给…套上挽具 n.马具 17. utilize /ˈjuːtɪlaɪz/ vt.利用，使用 18. interval /ˈɪntəvəl/ n.①间隔②幕间休息 19. hook /huk/ n.①钩②钩状物 vt.钩住 20. melt /melt/ v.(使)融化 vi.消散 21. dissolve /dɪˈzɔlv/ v.①(使)溶解②(使)消失 vt.解散 22. sympathetic /ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/ a.①同情的②赞同的 23. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː/ v.①探测②探索 24. shield /ʃiːld/ n.防护物 vi.保护，防护 25. launch /lɔːntʃ/ vt.①发射②发动③把…投放市场 n.投放市场 26. opponent /əˈpəunənt/ n.①敌手②反对者 27. extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/ a.①极端的②极度的 n.极端 28. sort /sɔːt/ n.种类 vt.分类 29. motive /ˈməutɪv/ n.动机 30. motivate /ˈməutɪveɪt/ vt.①作为…的动机②激发 二：短语梳理 1. It occurred to sb. that 某人突然想到 2. object to 反对=be opposed to 3. offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb.给…提供… 4. offer money for the car出价买车 5. out of breath 上气不接下气 out of work 失业 out of date 过时 out of control 失控 out of repair 失修 out of (one’s)reach 够不着 out of touch 失去联系 6. operate on sb. 给…做手术 7. in one’s opinion 在…看来 8. order sb. to do sth. 命令 order a glass of beer点了一杯啤酒 in order that… 为了… in order to 为了做… order goods online 网上订购货物 place an order 下订单 9. ought to do 应该=should do ought to have done=should have done 本应该 10. on one’s own =by oneself 靠自己，独自地 三：阅读训练 The arm bones of women who lived 7,000 years ago show a surprising level of strength—even higher than today's professional athletes. That's according to a first-ever study comparing prehistoric(史前的)bones to those of living people. The finding suggests a revision of history—the everyday lives of prehistoric women were filled with hard labor, rather than just sitting at home doing lighter tasks while the men struggled and fought for life. “Before the study, there are no clear records describing how our ancient ancestors lived. It can be easy to forget that the bone is living tissue, one that responds to the difficulties we put our bodies through,” said the lead author Alison Macintosh. “Physical force and muscle activity both put pressure on the bone. The bone reacts by changing in shape, thickness and other aspects over time.” “Previous studies only compared female bones to contemporary male bones,” the researchers said, “and that's a problem, because the response of male bones to stress and change is much bigger than that of women. For instance, as humans moved from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to a more settled agrarian(耕地的)one, changes could be observed in the structure of the shinbone(胫骨)and these changes were much more evident in men.” However, a comparison of the bones of prehistoric women and the bones of living female athletes can help us work out a more accurate picture of what those prehistoric women were doing. “By analyzing the bones of living people and comparing them to the ancient bones, we can start to explain the kinds of labor our ancestors were performing,” Macintosh said. What they found was that women's leg strength hasn't changed a great deal, but their arms used to be very powerful. Prehistoric women, the researchers found, had arm strength 11%—16% stronger than those of modern rowers, and 30% stronger than those of non-athletes. 1.What does the study tell about prehistoric women? A.They were stronger than men. B.They had lighter bones than men. C.They did tough tasks as the men. D.They spent most time staying at home. 2.What problem did previous studies on prehistoric bones have? A.They lacked enough comparison. B.They only studied men's bones. C.They focused little on bones. D.They ignored the lifestyles. 3.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Bones' structure. B.Bones' thickness. C.Bones' response to stress. D.Bones' stress from hard labor. 4.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.It's still hard to explain our ancestors' lifestyle. B.Prehistoric women went through much suffering. C.Women's arms have become much stronger over time. D.Prehistoric women are stronger than contemporary females. 答案 1.C 事实细节题。本题题干意为:关于史前女性,该研究讲述了什么?根据第一段中的The finding suggests a revision of history—the everyday lives of prehistoric women were filled with hard labor, rather than just sitting at home doing lighter tasks while the men struggled and fought for life.可知,史前女性的日常生活充满了重体力劳动,而不是当男性为生活拼搏时,她们只是坐在家里做一些轻松的工作。故答案为C项。 2.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:以前对史前骨骼的研究有什么问题?根据第三段第一句“Previous studies only compared female bones to contemporary male bones,” the researchers said,“and that's a problem, because the response of male bones to stress and change is much bigger than that of women...”(研究者们说:“以前的研究只将女性的骨骼与同时代男性骨骼进行比较,那是有问题的,因为男性骨骼对压力及变化的反应要比女性的更明显……”)可推知,以前的研究缺乏充分的对比,故答案为A项。 3.C 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第三段中画线词“that”指的是什么?that代替前面的the response以避免重复,故答案为C项。 4.D 事实细节题。本题题干意为:从最后一段中我们可以了解什么?根据最后一段中最后一句Prehistoric women, the researchers found, had arm strength 11%—16% stronger than those of modern rowers, and 30% stronger than those of non-athletes.(研究人员发现:史前女性的臂力比现在那些划船者的要强壮11%—16%,比那些非运动员的要强壮30%。)可知,史前女性要比当今女性更强壮,故答案为D项。
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