2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（四十三）
一：词汇梳理
1．radiation /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən/ n.①辐射②放射物
2．haste /heɪst/ n.急速
3．rag /ræg/ n.①破布②破旧衣服
4．rebel /ˈrebəl/ vi.反叛 n.反叛者
5．heal /hiːl/ v.①治愈②调停
6．recruit /rɪˈkruːt/ v.招募 n.新兵
7．heave /hiːv/ v.举起 vt.①扔②发出 vi.①起伏②呕吐
8．resemble /rɪˈzembəl/ vt.像
9．rival /ˈraɪvəl/ vt.与…匹敌 n.竞争者
10．horizon /həˈraɪzən/ n.①地平线②眼界
11．roar /rɔː / vi.①吼叫②轰鸣 n.①呐喊声②轰鸣
12．ideal /ˌaɪˈdɪəl/ n.①理想②完美典范 a.①理想的②空想的
13．sake /seɪk/ n.缘故，理由
14．sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/ n.①批准②处罚 vt.批准
15．incredible /ɪnˈkredɪbəl/ a.①难以置信的②极好的
16．scheme /skiːm/ n.①计划②阴谋 vi.策划
17．indifferent /ɪnˈdɪfərənt/ a.①不关心的②一般的
18．scold /skəuld/ vt.责骂
19．drift /drɪft/ vi./n.漂，漂流
20．punch /pʌntʃ/ vt.①冲压②用拳猛击 n.①冲床②力量
21．slap /slæp/ vt./n.拍，掌击，掴
22．whip /wɪp/ n.鞭子 vt.①鞭打②搅打
23．frown /fraun/ vi.皱眉
24．wrinkle /ˈrɪŋkəl/ n.①皱纹②好主意 v.(使)起皱纹
25．quit /kwɪt/ v.①离开②停止
26．retire /rɪˈtaɪə/ v.退休vi.退出
27．resign /rɪˈzaɪn/ v.辞去，辞(职)
28．muse /mjuːz/ vt.①逗笑②给…提供娱乐
29．abrupt /əˈbrʌpt/ a.①突然的②唐突的
30．identical /aɪˈdentɪkəl/ a.同一的，同样的
二：短语梳理
1.score a goal 射门得分 scores of 许多……
2.sb seen to do sth 似乎…… It seems that
3.be second to 次于……
4.sell out 卖光 The books sell well 书畅销
5.send for a doctor 去请医生
6.be senior to…… 比……年长，高级
7.Sth make sense 有意义，有道理 Sb make sense of sth 理解
There is no sense in doing sth 做某事没意义
8.be sensitive to 对……敏感
9.See sb off 送行
10.Serve the people 为人民服务 Serve as 充当，作为
三：阅读训练
Everyone should be so lucky as to have a friend like Francia Raisa. On Thursday, singer and actress Selena Gomez, 25, used Instagram to explain why she was “laying low” this summer. She posted a photo of herself in a hospital bed with her friend Francia Raisa holding hands. She said she recently received a kidney transplant from her best friend because of complications(并发症)from lupus(狼疮), an autoimmune disease, which means it is the result of the immune system attacking normal tissue, including the kidneys, brains, hearts and lungs.
People with lupus may first experience tiredness, joint pain or a rash(皮疹)on their bodies and can go for a long time before their doctors realize it is more serious. Many people see two or four doctors before the real problem is picked up. According to Dr. Kyriakos Kirou, roughly a third to one-half of people with lupus develop kidney disease, and up to one in five of them will eventually need a transplant, sometimes because they weren't treated with effective drugs to prevent the immune systems from attacking the kidneys. Though Gomez said that she was “very well now”, she warned about the dangers of not taking medical diagnoses seriously, like she initially did.
Her Instagram post also called attention to two major health topics:the need for living organ donators and the fact that Gomez represents three groups more likely to be diagnosed with lupus and lupus-related kidney disease. Nine out of ten people diagnosed with lupus are women, and most develop the disease from 15 to 44.And lupus is two or three times more common among colored women, including Hispanic women, according to the Lupus Foundation.
Raisa is Latina, and Gomez's father is of Mexican origin. While it's not essential that the organ donator and the receiver are of the same ethnicity, people who share a similar background sometimes are better matched, according to data from the United Network for Organ Sharing.
1.What do you think of Francia Raisa?
A.She is lucky. B.She is selfless.
C.She is optimistic. D.She is encouraging.
2.What is lupus like at its early stage?
A.It is deadly.
B.It is hard to recognize.
C.Its symptoms are psychological.
D.It reminds you of kidney disease.
3.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.People with lupus.
B.Colored women lupus patients.
C.Lupus patients with kidney disease.
D.Women aged 15 to 44.
4.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A.Raisa and Gomez have a similar background.
B.Gomez has fully recovered thanks to the kidney from Raisa.
C.It is vital for the donator and the receiver to be of the same race.
D.The organ from the donator of the same race matches the receiver better.
答案
1.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:你认为Francia Raisa怎么样?根据文章第一段中的She said she recently received a kidney transplant from her best friend because of complications(并发症)from lupus(狼疮)...(她说最近她因出现了狼疮并发症接受了来自她最好朋友的肾脏移植……)可以推知,她的朋友Francia Raisa很无私(selfless),故答案为B项。
2.B 事实细节题。本题题干意为:在患狼疮早期是怎样的情况?根据文章第二段第一句People with lupus may first experience tiredness, joint pain or a rash(皮疹)on their bodies and can go for a long time before their doctors realize it is more serious.(患狼疮的人起初可能会有乏力,关节疼痛,身上出现皮疹的症状,这些症状会持续很长时间医生才会意识到问题的严重性。)可知狼疮在初期很难被识别,故选B项。
3.C 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第二段中的画线词“them”指的是什么?根据文章第二段中的..., roughly a third to one-half of people with lupus develop kidney disease, and up to one in five of them will eventually need a transplant....(……患狼疮的病人中大约有三分之一至二分之一的人会发展成肾病,在他们中最多有五分之一的人最终会需要器官移植手术……)可知画线词them指代前面的“有肾病的狼疮病人”以避免重复,故答案为C项。
4.D 事实细节题。本题题干意为:最后一段主要告诉了我们什么?根据最后一段中的While it's not essential that the organ donator and the receiver are of the same ethnicity, people who share a similar background sometimes are better matched”(虽然器官捐赠者与器官接受者没必要是同一族群的人,但是同一族群的人之间进行器官移植更容易匹配)可知答案为D项,同时排除C项(器官捐赠方和接受方需是同一族群是重要的)。根据最后一段第一句排除A项;根据第二段中的Though Gomez said that she was “very well now”, she warned about the dangers of not taking medical diagnoses seriously, like she initially did. 可知Gomez 并没有完全康复,故排除B项。 |
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