2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（五十一）
一：词汇梳理
1. enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/  vt.提高，增强
2.faculty /ˈfækəlti/  n.①才能②天赋③系
3. envisage /ɪnˈvɪzɪdʒ/  vt.想象，设想
4. sculpture /ˈskʌlptʃə/  n.雕刻(品)，雕塑(品)
5. bust /bʌst/  n.①胸像②胸部
6. feast /fiːst/  n.①节日②盛宴 vi.尽情地吃，饱餐
7. versatile /ˈvəːsətaɪl/  a.①多才多艺的②多用途的
8. device /dɪˈvaɪs/  n.①装置②方法③计谋
9. devise /dɪˈvaɪz/  vt.设计，发明
10. confidence /ˈkɔnfɪdəns/  n.①信心②秘密③信任
11. confident /ˈkɔnfɪdənt/  a.①自信的②确信的
12. confidential /ˌkɔnfɪˈdenʃəl/  a.①机密的②亲信的
13. pendulum /ˈpendjʊləm/  n.①摆，钟摆②摇摆不定的事态(或局面)
14. withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/  vt.①收回②提取 vi.退出(活动、组织等)
15. tease /tiːz/  v.戏弄,挑逗 n.(爱)戏弄他人者
16.bachelor /ˈbætʃələ/  n.① 学士(学位)②单身汉
17. disclose /dɪsˈkləuz/  vt.揭示，泄露
18. overthrow /ˌəuvəˈθrəu/  vt ./n.推翻，颠覆
19. erase /ɪˈreɪz/  v.①擦掉②消除
20. tame /teɪm/  a.①驯服的②沉闷的 vt.驯服，制服
21. deadly /ˈdedli/  a.①致死的②极度的
22. damn /dæm/  a.该死的
23. declare /dɪˈkleə/  v.①声明②宣称
24. flourish /ˈflʌrɪʃ/  vi.①繁荣②茁壮成长
25. trash /træʃ/  n.①糟粕②垃圾 vt.破坏
26. contrive /kənˈtraɪv/  vt.①设法做到②谋划
27. brink /brɪŋk/  n.(悬崖、河流等的)边沿，边缘
28. split /splɪt/  v.①劈开②产生分歧 n.①分裂②裂口
29. victim /ˈvɪktɪm/  n.①受害者②患者
30. bargain /ˈbɑːgɪn/  v.①议价②谈判 n.①廉价货②买卖合同
二：短语梳理
1. learn ... by heart  用心学习,记住
2. combine ... with ...  使...与...结合/联合
3. in that circumstances  如果那样的话
4. replace ... with ...  用...代替...
5. keep a record of  记录
6. comment on ...  对 ... 发表评论
7. at least  至少
8. expect of/from...  从...当中期待
9. in return  作为回报
10. the survey on ...  关于... 的调查
三：阅读训练
At the age of seven,while his friends were spending their allowances on things like candy and toys,Jose Adolfo Quisocola was busy saving money for basic purchases.To try to get his peers(同龄人) to do the same,the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an eco-bank,the Bartselana Student Bank,which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.
Set up in 2012,the bank is the world’s first bank for kids.To become a member,a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal.Once accepted,all bank “partners” are required to deposit at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and observe other requirements,such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.
The waste accumulated is sold to local recycling companies,who,thanks to Jose’s efforts,pay a higher-than-market rate for everything brought in by the bank members.The money received is placed in the personal account where they collect until the savings goal is reached.The account holder can then withdraw the money,or choose to leave it and continue to grow for a bigger target.“At the beginning,my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project,” Jose recalls.“They do not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present.Luckily,I had the support of the school headmaster and an assistant in my class.”
The boy’s efforts paid off,and by 2013,the bank had over 200 members,who brought in one ton of recyclable waste.Today,the eco-bank,which now has the support of several local institutions,has ten educational centers.They are designed to teach over 3,000 students,aged 10 to 18,to become financially independent,use their money wisely,and help the environment.
Not surprisingly,Jose’s efforts have earned him several national and international awards.On November 20,2018,Jose won Children’s Climate Prize,which comes with a medal and $5,500 in prize money and is given to a child or youth who has accomplished an extraordinary achievement for the climate or environment.
1.Why did Jose set up the bank?
A.To raise money and set up a recycling company.
B.To buy necessities and donate them to needy kids.
C.To save much money and protect the environment.
D.To educate the students and help them win prizes.
2.How can a kid be admitted to the eco-bank at first?
A.By donating to the eco-bank.
B.By turning in one kilogram of waste in a month.
C.By sending in an application.
D.By presenting a goal and a certain amount of waste.
3.How did the teachers feel about Jose’s program?
A.Doubtful.    B.Excited.
C.Moved.    D.Worried.
4.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.The improvement of the environment.
B.The achievement of the project.
C.The amount of the waste that has been recycled.
D.The support the local institutions get.
答案：
1.C　细节理解题。由第一段中“To try to get his peers(同龄人) to do the same,the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an eco-bank,...which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.”这一句可知,男孩创立生态银行旨在储蓄的同时又能保护环境,故C项正确。
2.D解析　细节理解题。由第二段中“To become a member,a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal.”这一句可知,若要成为生态银行的一员,一个孩子必须至少上交5千克的固体垃圾,并设定一个储蓄目标,故D项正确。
3.　A　推理判断题。由第三段中“At the beginning,my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project”可知,开始时老师认为他疯了,认为一个孩子不能承担此类项目。由此可推知,老师对Jose的项目一开始持怀疑态度,故A项正确。
4.B解析　段落大意题。通读第四段内容尤其是首句“The boy’s efforts paid off,and by 2013,the bank had over 200 members,who brought in one ton of recyclable waste.”可知,本段主要介绍了生态银行的成就,因而答案为B项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（五十二）
一：词汇梳理
①　advocate [ˈædvəkit]  vt.拥护，提倡 n.①拥护者②辩护律师
②　hoist [hɔist]  vt.(用绳索等)举起，升起   
③　utilize [ˈju:tilaiz]  vt.利用
④　accumulate [əˈkju:mjuleit]  v.①积累 ②堆积
⑤　elapse [iˈlæps]  vi.(时间)过去，消逝
⑥　crawl [krɔ:l]  vi./n.①爬行 ②缓慢(地)行进
⑦　furnish [ˈfə:niʃ]  vt.①布置②提供
⑧　elevate [ˈeliveit]  vt.抬起，升高
⑨　undergo [ˌʌndəˈgəu]  vt.经历，遭受
⑩　hover [ˈhɔvə]  vi.①盘旋 ②徘徊
⑪　gorge [gɔ:dʒ]  v.吞吃，填饱 n.①胃中的食物 ②峡谷
⑫　flap [flæp]  v.①拍动②振动 n.①垂下物②慌
⑬　overtake [ˌəuvəˈteik]  vt.①追上并超过②意外侵袭
⑭　academy [əˈkædəmi]  n.①院校 ②学会
⑮　brighten [ˈbraitn]  v.①(使)发光②(使)活跃
⑯　distil(l)  [disˈtil]  vt.①蒸馏②提炼
⑰　click [klik]  n.①(摄影机等的)咔嚓声 ②点击 v.发出咔嚓声
⑱　paralyze [ˈpærəlaiz]  vt.①使瘫痪②［喻］使丧失作用
⑲　tide [taid]  n.①潮②潮流，趋势 v.帮助…渡过难关
⑳　pretend [priˈtend]  v.假装，装扮
21　spill [spil]  v. (使)溢出 n.洒出（量）
22　refresh [riˈfreʃ]  vt.①使精神振作②刷新
23　reminiscence [ˌremiˈnisəns]  n.①回忆②回忆录
24　baffle [ˈbæfəl]  vt.使困惑，使难倒
25　reckon [ˈrekən]  vt.①认为 ②估算 vi.指望
26　publication [ˌpʌbliˈkeiʃən]  n.①出版物 ②出版③公布 
27　inject [inˈdʒekt]  vt.①注射 ②注入
28　routine [ru:ˈti:n]  a.通常的 n.例行公事，常规
29　inflation [inˈfleiʃən]  n.通货膨胀
30　schedule [ˈʃedju:l]  n.①时间表②清单 vt.安排，预定
二：短语梳理
1. differ in...  在...方面不同
2. emerge from...  从...出现
3. be satisfied with... 对...满意
4. play ... roles 扮演...的角色
5. lean over... 弯下身子 俯身于...之上
6. turn out  结果是,证明是
7. in silence  在沉默中
8. burst into laughter  突然笑出声来
9. concentrate on ...  全神贯注于...
10. be replaced by  被...所取代
三：阅读训练
We humans love to stare into our smart devices.We look steadily for hours—about 10 hours and 39 minutes a day—at our computers,smartphones,tablets and televisions.Is all this staring bad for us?It might be,mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.
Blue light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy.While it’s true that light can damage our eyes under certain circumstances,there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes.But many people still think it is,which is why blue light-blocking glasses are so popular.So do the glasses work?
“Everyone is very concerned that blue light may be causing damage to the eye,but there’s no evidence that it may be causing serious damage,” Dr.Rahul Khurana,clinical spokesman for the American Academy of Ophthalmologists,told Business Insider.
Blue light exposure is nothing new.In fact,the sun is the largest source of blue light.Moreover,blue light is also present in LED light.But if blue light isn’t harmful,then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when we’re looking at our screens?The answer is eyestrain(眼疲劳):more than 60 percent of people experience eye problems associated with digital eyestrain.And blue light,it seems,isn’t the cause.Instead,our eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices.So if eyestrain is the real issue,blue light-blocking glasses are probably of little use.
1.What do we know about blue light?
A.It is a kind of nuclear radiation.
B.It has the shortest wavelength.
C.It may come from electronic devices.
D.It consumes a great deal of energy.
2.What causes the popularity of blue light-blocking glasses?
A.Evidence of their benefits to eyes.
B.Belief in blue light’s harmful effect.
C.Widespread use of smart devices.
D.Scientific understanding of blue light.
3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A.Blue light exposure is hardly avoidable.
B.Eye problems are not easy to deal with.
C.Blue light may connect with tired eyes.
D.Rubbing eyes makes people strained.
4.According to the text,wearing blue light-blocking glasses may be  　. 
A.tiring    B.harmful
C.useless    D.beneficial

答案：
1.　推理判断题。由第二段中“Blue light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy.”可知蓝光是一种电磁辐射,波长很短,能产生大量的能量,由此排除A、B、D三项,故答案为C项。
2.细节理解题。由第二段中“...there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes.But many people still think it is,which is why blue light-blocking glasses are so popular.”可知,尽管没有科学证据显示蓝光对眼睛有害,但是人们不这么认为,这也是防蓝光眼镜大受欢迎的原因,故答案为B项。
3.推理判断题。由第四段中“In fact,the sun is the largest source of blue light.Moreover,blue light is also present in LED light.”可知,太阳和LED灯都是蓝光的来源,由此可以推知“蓝光是我们生活中无法避免的”,故答案为A项。
4.　细节理解题。由最后一段中“So if eyestrain is the real issue,blue light-blocking glasses are probably of little use.”可知,防蓝光眼镜对缓解眼疲劳可能没什么用处,故答案为C项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（五十三）
一：词汇梳理
1. sieve /sɪv/  n.漏勺 vt.筛
2. slash /slæʃ/  v.砍 vt.大幅度削减 n.①砍②切口
3. harsh /hɑːʃ/  a.①粗糙的②严厉的③严峻的
4. eloquent /ˈeləkwənt/  a.①有口才的②明白显示出的
5. eject  /ɪˈdʒekt/   vt.①喷射②驱逐
6. intermediary /ˌɪntəˈmiːdiəri/  n.调解人，中间人
7. incentive /ɪnˈsentɪv/  n.刺激，鼓励
8. density /ˈdensɪti/  n.密度
9. rational /ˈræʃənəl/  a.①理性的②合理的
10. ration /ˈræʃən/   n.①配比②掂量
11. dropout /ˈdrɔpaut/  n.①中途辍学者②隐士
12. conceal  /kənˈsiːl/  vt.①隐藏②隐蔽
13. grind /graɪnd/  v.磨(碎)，碾(碎)
14. compress /kəmˈpres/  v.压缩
15. maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/  n.最大值 a.最大的
16. minimum /ˈmɪnɪməm/  n.最小值 a.最低的
17. irrigate /ˈɪrɪgeɪt/  vt.①灌溉②冲洗(伤口)
18. hostile /ˈhɔstaɪl /  a.①敌对的②强烈反对的
19. odds /ɔdz /  n.①不利条件②可能性
20. grave① /greɪv/  n.墓穴，坟墓
21. grave② /greɪv/  a.①严重的②严肃的
22. grieve /griːv/  vt.使伤心 vi.感到悲痛
23. deteriorate /dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt /  vi.恶化
24. mount  /maunt/  v.①登上②增加
25. nourish /ˈnʌrɪʃ /  vt.①给…营养②保持
26. nursery /ˈnəːsəri/  n.①托儿所②苗圃
27. pursue /pəˈsjuː /  vt.①追逐②继续从事③追求
28. pursuit /pəˈsjuːt/  n.①追赶②追求
29. capsule /ˈkæpsjuːl/  n.①胶囊②太空舱
30. vaccinate /ˈvæksɪneɪt/   vt.给…种牛痘，给…接种疫苗
二：短语梳理
1. for the purpose of...  为了...
2. distinguish ... from ...  区分...与...
3. communicate with...  与...交流
4. one another  彼此,相互
5. by means of...  用...的方法
6. at the approach of...  在...将到的时候
7. differ from...  与...不同
8. for instance  举例来说
9. divide ... into ...  把...划分成...
10. enable sb. to do ...  使某人能够做某事
三：阅读训练
For years,decades in fact,I’ve puzzled over the response most people have when I tell them I mostly travel alone.
“You’re so brave!”
Why is it that a woman travelling alone,as I have often done for months at a time,considered to be “brave”,whereas men who travel alone are entirely unremarkable?
You are only brave when you are afraid of something but still do it anyway.I have never been afraid of travelling alone.
The first time I travelled alone was when I was 19.I was due to travel in Europe with a friend at the end of the summer.She announced by letter two days before our departure that she would be leaving me halfway at Vienna.It was too late by then to rope in another friend,so it was either to go home after Vienna,or keep going by myself.I kept going.I got on trains by myself,checked into hostels by myself and found my way around by myself.It was strange at first,but later I stopped worrying about it.
When I got back to Ireland after that trip,I felt proud of myself.I had done something that I had assumed would be hard,and it had turned out to be not hard at all.
That was three decades ago,and since then I have travelled all over the world,usually on my own.I still do what I did then,which is to keep a diary.The greatest gift of solo travel has been those I’ve met along the way.I may have set off alone each time but I’ve come across many people who became important to me.I met my husband in Kathmandu,Nepal.I met lifelong friends in Australia,Poland,Hungary,Turkey,India,Indonesia and many other places. 
1.What makes the author puzzled when she tells people of her experience?
A.People’s disbelief.
B.People’s response.
C.People’s approval.
D.People’s criticism.
2.What does the author say about her first time to travel alone?
A.It was a trip by design.
B.She had to choose to go by herself.
C.It was harder than expected.
D.She set off all alone.
3.What do the underlined words “solo travel” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Group Travel.
B.Travelling with friends.
C.Travelling alone.
D.Travelling with music.
4.How has the author benefited from her travel?
A.She has overcome her fear of travelling alone.
B.She has written a couple of books.
C.She has received a great many gifts.
D.She has met many people all the way.
参考答案：
1.　细节理解题。由第一段“For years,decades in fact,I’ve puzzled over the response most people have when I tell them I mostly travel alone.(多年来,事实上是几十年来,当我告诉许多人我多数时候是独自旅行时,他们的反应让我感到困惑。)”可知答案为B项。
2.　细节理解题。由倒数第三段中“She announced by letter two days before our departure that she would be leaving me halfway at Vienna...I kept going.I got on trains by myself,...found my way around by myself.”这些信息可知,关于第一次独自旅行,作者说她是不得不选择自己去,故选B项。
3.词义猜测题。由上文“That was three decades ago,and since then I have travelled all over the world,usually on my own.I still do what I did then,which is to keep a diary.”可知,画线短语意思是“独自旅行”,故选C项。
4.细节理解题。由最后一段中“I may have set off alone each time but I’ve come across many people who became important to me.I met my husband...and many other places.”可知作者从她的旅行中得到的好处是一路上她遇到了很多人,故选D项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（五十四）
一：词汇梳理
1. auction /ˈɔːkʃən /  vt./n.拍卖
2. fulfil(l) /fulˈfil/  vt.①履行②实现
3. optimistic /ˌɔptɪmɪstɪk/  a.乐观(主义)的
4. invest /ɪnˈvest/  v.①投资②投入
5. stumble /ˈstʌmbəl/  v./n.跌，绊
6. resort /rɪˈzɔːt/  vi.采取 n.①度假胜地②手段
7. scope /skəup/   n.①范围②余地，机会
8. courageous /kəˈreɪdʒəs/  a.勇敢的，无畏的
9. atomic /əˈtɔmɪk/  a.①原子能的②(关于)原子的
10. massive /ˈmæsɪv/  a.①大块的②巨大的
11. turbulent /ˈtəːbjʊlənt/  a.①狂风大作的②骚乱的
12. turbulence /ˈtəːbjʊləns/  n.①猛烈的水(气)流②动荡
13. tumble /ˈtʌmbəl/  v.①(使)摔倒②翻滚 n.跌倒
14. gross /grəus /  a.①总的②严重的
15. crude /kruːd/  a.①天然的②粗糙的
16. mock /mɔk/  v.①嘲笑②模仿 a.①仿制的②模拟的
17. evacuate  /ɪˈvækjueɪt/  vt.撤出，撤离
18. addict /ˈædɪkt/  n.①吸毒成瘾的人②入迷的人
19. invalid /ɪnˈvælɪd/  a.①无效的②站不住脚的
20. diagnose /ˈdaɪəgnəuz/  vt.诊断
21. wander /ˈwɔndə/  v.徘徊 vi.①走神②离题
22. fringe /frɪndʒ/  n.①刘海儿②流苏③边缘 vt.在…的缘
23. terminal /ˈtəːmɪnəl/  n.①终点站②终端a.晚期的
24. terminate /ˈtəːmɪneɪt/  v.(使)终止，(使)结束
25. barrier /ˈbæriə/  n.①栅栏②障碍(物) ③屏障
26. contract① /ˈkɔntrækt/  v.订契约，签合同 n.合同
27. contract② /ˈkɔntrækt/  vi.收缩，缩小
28. instal(l)ment  /ɪnˈstɔːlmənt/  n.①分期付款②一期
29. avoid /əˈvɔɪd/  vt.①避免②避开③逃避
30. void /vɔɪd/  n.①空白②空虚感 a.①没有的②无效的
二：短语梳理
1. wave goodbye  挥别
2. in sympathy with  同情,赞成
3. look over  察看,检查,从...上面看
4. a lack of...  缺少...
5. check with...  与...协商
6. tend to do...  趋向于做...,喜欢做...
7. call after  追喊, 以...命名
8. call for  要求, 提倡
9. fight against  与...作战(敌人之间)
10. fight with  与...作战(战友之间)
三：阅读训练
There are campus museums all over China that offer various collections and make for eye-opening visits.
Beijing Air and Space Museum at Beijing University
Admission:free
Opening hours:Tuesday and Saturday,9:00 am-12:00 pm
Highlights:Included among more than 300 historic aircraft and space artifacts(手工艺品) are one of the two Northrop P-61 Black Windows in the world and China’s first light airliner,Beijing 1.
Fudan University Museum
Admission:free
Opening hours:Tuesday to Friday,9:00 am-11:30 am and 1:30 pm-4:30 pm
Highlights:A unique collection of native artifacts.Some of them,such as pearl vests,are rarely seen.
China Ichthyic(类鱼的) Cultural Museum at Shanghai Ocean University
Admission:10 yuan
Opening hours:Monday to Friday,9:00 am-11:30 am and 1:30 pm-4:00 pm
Highlights:In this collection of more than 40,000 specimens of about 3,000 ocean-dwelling species,the most eye-catching one is an 18.4-meter-long sperm whale skeleton.
Yifu Museum of China University of Geosciences
Admission:40 yuan;half price for students
Opening hours:Monday to Friday,8:30 am-12:00 am and 2:30 pm-5:00 pm;weekends and holidays,9:00 am-4:30 pm
Highlights:It houses a collection of more than 30,000 mineral and rock specimens,more than 2,000 of which are rare ones like the museum’s well-known dinosaur fossils.
China Academy Museum at Hunan University
Admission:50 yuan
Opening hours:Monday to Sunday,8:00 am-6:30 pm in summer and 8:30 am-6:00 pm in winter
Highlights:China’s only museum to feature the history of academics and cultural education in the country.
1.Which museum will you choose if you’re interested in sea species?
A.China Academy Museum at Hunan University.
B.Yifu Museum of China University of Geosciences.
C.Beijing Air and Space Museum at Beijing University.
D.China Ichthyic Cultural Museum at Shanghai Ocean University.
2.What can you see in Yifu Museum of China University of Geosciences?
A.Space artifacts.
B.Dinosaur fossils.
C.Native artifacts.
D.Sperm whale skeletons.
3.When can you go to China Academy Museum at Hunan University?
A.On Tuesday 6:00 pm in winter.
B.On Saturday 8:00 am in winter.
C.On Sunday 6:30 pm in summer.
D.On Wednesday 8:00 am in summer.

参考答案：
1.细节理解题。根据第三个博物馆介绍中的“In this collection of more than 40,000 specimens of about 3,000 ocean-dwelling species,the most eye-catching one is an 18.4-meter-long sperm whale skeleton.”,并结合题干可知,对海洋物种感兴趣的人可以参观上海海洋大学的中国鱼类文化博物馆。
2.　细节理解题。根据第四个博物馆介绍中的“It houses a collection of...,more than 2,000 of which are rare ones like the museum’s well-known dinosaur fossils.”并结合题干可知,在中国地质大学的逸夫博物馆可以看到恐龙化石。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一个博物馆介绍中的“Opening hours:Monday to Sunday,8:00 am-6:30 pm in summer and 8:30 am-6:00 pm in winter”,并结合选项可知,应选D项。

2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（五十五）
一：词汇梳理
①　heave  /hiːv/ v.①举起②扔 n.举起
②　provoke /prəˈvəuk /  vt.①对…挑衅②激起，引起
③　provocative /prəˈvɔkətɪv /  a.挑衅的
④　standoff /ˈstændɔf/  n.僵持局面
⑤　interval  /ˈɪntəvəl/  n.①间隔②休息
⑥　decent /ˈdiːsənt/  a.①像样的②得体的
⑦　implement /ˈɪmplɪment/  vt.贯彻 n.工具
⑧　secondary /ˈsekəndəri/  a.①次要的②中级的
⑨　hierarchy /ˈhaɪrɑːki/   n.①等级制度②统治集团
⑩　sketch /sketʃ/  n.①素描②草图③简述 v.①(给…)画素描②简述
⑪　scrub /skrʌb/  v.用力擦洗vt.取消
⑫　tilt /tɪlt/  v./n.(使)倾斜，(使)倾侧
⑬　penalty /ˈpenlti/  n.处罚，惩罚
⑭　ideal /ˌaɪˈdɪəl/   n.①理想②典范 a.①理想的②想象的
⑮　maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/  vt.①维持②保养③坚持
⑯　peel /piːl/  n.外皮 v.削皮
⑰　glimpse /glɪmps/  vt./n.一瞥，瞥见
⑱　spiral /ˈspaɪərəl/  a.螺旋的 vi.①螺旋式上升(或下降) ②急剧地上升(或下降)
⑲　stump /stʌmp/ n.①树桩②残余部分 v.①把…难住②在……作巡回演说
⑳　commerce /ˈkɔməːs/  n.商业，贸易
21　fund /fʌnd/  n.①专款②资金 vt.为……提供资金
22　funding /ˈfʌndɪŋ/  n.专款，拨款
23　margin /ˈmɑːdʒɪn/  n.①页边空白②边缘③余地④利润
24　tangle /ˈtæŋgəl/  n.①缠结②混乱 v.(使)缠结 vi.争吵
25　virtue /ˈvəːtʃuː /  n.①美德②优点
26　virtuous /ˈvəːtʃuəs/  a.有道德的
27　formula /ˈfɔːmjʊlə/  n.①公式②配方(奶)
28　formulate /ˈfɔːmjʊleɪt/ vt.①用公式表示②规划③系统地(或确切地)阐述
29　formation /fɔːˈmeɪʃən/  n.①构成②形成③队形
30　guarantee /ˌgærənˈtiː/  v.①保证②保修 n.①保证②保修单
二：短语梳理
1. agreement on ...  关于... 达成的协议
2. add up  合计
3. add to  添加到
4. take ... for example  以...为例
5. in price  在价格上
6. in the long run  从长远来看,最后
7. on offer  在出售中
8. choose from...  从...中挑选
9. be curious about...  对...感到好奇
10. confront with...  使面临,使面对
三：阅读训练
It can be a real struggle trying to learn a new language.I had always enjoyed learning languages in school,but only recently did I start learning German.I found that I could understand and learn individual words easily,but when it came to literature,I really struggled.That was when my tutor at university suggested reading some children’s books printed in the target language.
At first,I felt a bit silly going on a hunt for a book designed for someone half my age,but then I realised that everyone had to start somewhere.As children,we are given these basic texts to familiarise our brains with certain vocabulary and writing structures,and from there,we can learn and develop.I started with books which are taught to us as children in the UK.I managed to find Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens and James and the Giant Peach by Roald Dahl.
The beauty of reading books that were introduced to you as a child is that you are already familiar with the plot.As a result,you can work out some of the definitions of words with your prior knowledge of the story.At first,I used to read with the book in one hand and a dictionary in the other,but this method did not work well for me.The method I would recommend is to read a chapter of your chosen children’s book and at the end of that chapter,highlight the words you do not know and then look up the definitions.If you can wait a bit before you use a dictionary,you may be surprised what you can get merely from the context of the sentence in the story.Additionally,a lot of children’s books have pictures which may give you a clue as to what or to whom the passage is referring.
1.Why was the author advised to read children’s books?
A.Because she was weak in reading great works.
B.Because she was slow to learn a language.
C.Because she liked children’s literature.
D.Because she couldn’t remember any words.
2.What can kids get from children’s books according to the passage?
A.Vocabulary and listening skills.
B.Learning methods.
C.Words and structures.
D.Designing skills.
3.What causes the author to feel surprised while reading children’s books?
A.Grasping the context from the pictures.
B.Looking up the definitions of words from a dictionary.
C.Getting familiar with the plots of the story.
D.Understanding the words simply from the context.
4.What can be the best title of the passage?
A.Reading Children’s Books
B.The Way of Learning Languages
C.The Method of Using a Dictionary
D.My Good Reading Habits

参考答案：
1.细节理解题。由第一段中“I found that I could understand and learn individual words easily,but when it came to literature,I really struggled.That was when my tutor at university suggested reading some children’s books printed in the target language.”可知答案为A项。
2.　细节理解题。由第二段中“As children,we are given these basic texts to familiarise our brains with certain vocabulary and writing structures...”可知:儿童在看儿童书时可以熟悉其中的词汇和写作结构,故选C项。
3.　推理判断题。由最后一段中“If you can wait a bit before you use a dictionary,you may be surprised what you can get merely from the context of the sentence in the story.”可知答案为D项。
4.主旨大意题。全文讲述了作者读儿童书的经历以及读儿童书的好处,