Book 2 Unit 5 单元语法

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同步教材
同步教材: 必修二 » 单元语法
Unit 5:过去分词作表语和状语
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作,在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语,但不能单独作谓语。
一、过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语时,与谓语动词构成系表结构,表示主语的性质、特征或状态。其前的系动词可以是表状态的:be, keep, stay, remain等;表示“变成”的:become, get, go等以及表示“感官”的:look, sound, feel等。
1. 表“情感类”的过去分词done作表语,已具有形容词词性,表示“人感到……”。
注意:这类词的现在分词doing表示“令人……”。
Everyone present is very inspired at his speech.
听了他的发言,在场的所有人都很振奋。
You looked frightened.
你看起来很害怕。
He became interested in two theories.
他对两种理论产生了兴趣。
The book is interesting and I’m interested in it.
这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。
2. 有些过去分词作表语,含“被动”之意,但强调主语所处的状态。
注意:过去分词作表语,构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,强调主语的特点或所处的状态;而被动语态中,强调主语是动作的承受者。
This shop is now closed.
商店关门了。
The door remained locked.
门仍然锁着。
Mary is dressed in red.
玛丽穿着红色的衣服。
The cup is broken.
杯子碎了。(强调状态)
The cup was broken by Tom.
杯子是被汤姆打碎的。(强调动作)
二、过去分词作状语
分词可作时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、伴随等状语,相当于一个状语从句。分词作状语时,用来修饰一个句子,分词的逻辑主语必须和该句子的主语保持一致。过去分词作状语时,和该句子的主语构成被动关系。
1. 作时间状语
Opened in 1955 (=When Disneyland was opened in 1955), Disneyland in California is regarded as the original fun park.
加州迪士尼乐园于1955年开放,被视为最初的游乐场。
2. 作条件状语
Given more time (=If we are given more time), we will do it better.
如果多给些时间,我们会做得更好。
3. 作原因状语
Bitten twice by our dog (=Because the postman had been bitten twice by our dog), the postman refused to deliver our letters.
由于被我家的狗咬过两次,那个邮递员拒绝给我们送信。
4. 作让步状语
Told many times (=Although he was told many times), he still couldn’t understand it.
虽然被告诉了好几遍,但他仍然不理解。
5. 作方式或伴随状语
The teacher came in, followed (=and was followed) by his students.
老师进来了,后面跟着他的学生。
注意一:和现在分词作状语的区别:
现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成主动关系。过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语构成被动关系。
Seeing his mother, the baby stopped crying.
一看见妈妈,婴儿就停止了哭泣。(句子的主语the baby和see构成主动关系)
Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is more beautiful.
从山顶看,城市更美丽。(句子的主语the city和see构成被动关系)
注意二:“连词+doing/ done”句型
有些分词作状语,可在分词前加连词when, while, whenever, if, though/ although, once, until/ till, unless, as, even if/ though, as if/ though等。即:
①连词+doing(表主动,进行)②连词+done(表被动,完成)
While waiting for a bus (=while he was waiting for a bus), he met an old friend.
他在等车时,遇到了一位老朋友。
He will not attend the party unless invited (=unless he is invited).
除非被邀请他才去参加聚会。
All is going well as planned (=as it is planned).
一切都按原计划进展顺利。
三、转化成形容词的分词
一些表示情感类的现在分词doing(令人……),过去分词done(人感到……)和“系表结构”中的过去分词done已具有形容词的词性,可直接作状语、定语、表语、补足语等。
1. 表示情感类的:①现在分词doing(令人……)②过去分词done(人感到……)
常见的有:amaze(惊奇),amuse(高兴、开心),astonish(惊异、吃惊),annoy(厌烦),bore(烦恼),confuse(迷惑),depress(抑郁),disappoint(失望),delight(快乐),encourage(鼓舞),embarrass(尴尬、难为情),excite(激动),frighten(害怕),interest(感兴趣),impress(印象深刻),move(感动),please(高兴),puzzle(迷惑),relax(放松),satisfy(满意),surprise(惊讶),shock(震惊),tire(疲劳、厌烦),terrify(可怕),touch(打动),thrill(兴奋),worry(担心)等。
(注意:修饰人的声音、表情等,用-ed形式)
It was a tiring day. It made me tired.
真是累人的一天。它使我感到很累。
The explanation was confusing. I got confused.
这个讲解令人费解,我被弄糊涂了。
Though surprised to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
尽管见到我们很惊讶,教授还是热情地欢迎了我们。
Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
实在累坏了,我溜上床很快就睡着了。
his excited voice/look/expression 他兴奋的声音/表情
2. “系表结构”中的过去分词done已具有形容词的词性,表状态。常见的有:
addicted(上瘾的),absorbed(专心于……的),accustomed(习惯的),born(出生的),based on(以……为基础),broken(破碎的),connected(有关联的;连在一起的),dressed(穿着),devoted(忠实的;献身于……的),determined(决心的),exposed(暴露的),equipped/furnished(装备好的),faced with(面对),hidden(藏着的),injured(受伤的),lost(陷入、丢失、迷路的),located/ situated(坐落于……的,位于……的),occupied(已占用的、忙于……的),prepared for(准备的),related to(有关系的),seated(坐着的),worn out(用旧的,筋疲力尽的)等。
Dressed in red, Mary looks more beautiful.(作状语)
The girl dressed in red is Mary.(作定语)
Mary is dressed in red.(作表语)
I found Mary dressed in red.(作宾补)
Please remain seated; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
请在座位上坐着;很快就会宣布获奖者。(作表语)
Seated/Sitting at the back of the classroom, he couldn’t see the words on the blackboard clearly.
由于坐在教室后面,他看不清黑板上的字。(作状语)
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated/sitting in the corner.
我进来时,发现一个陌生女孩坐在角落里。(作宾补)
Faced with a difficult situation, he decided to ask his boss for advice.
面对困难的局势,他决定征求老板的建议。(作状语)





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