Book 3 Unit 2 知识清单

【知识清单】新人教高中英语必修三Unit 2
重点单词
1. dilemma  n. 进退两难的境地；困境
(1) 面临左右为难的境地  face a dilemma
(2) 处于进退两难的境地  be in a dilemma
(3) 道德困境  a moral dilemma
(4) 研讨会上这位专家的缺席使我们进退两难。
The expert’s absence from the seminar puts us in a dilemma.
(5) 她进退两难，不知该留在学校还是找份工作。
She was in a dilemma as to whether to stay at school or get a job.
2. major  adj. 主要的 n. 主修课程，专业；主修学生 vi. 主修
(1) There is a major problem with parking in London.
在伦敦，停车是个很大的问题。
(2) He is a history major.
他是主修历史的学生。
(3) International Business is my major.
国际贸易是我的主修课。
(4) She majored in maths and physics at university.
她在大学期间主修数学和物理。
majority  n. 大部分；大多数
(1) 大多数  the majority of
(2) 占多数  be in the majority
(3) When the headmaster spoke out his plan the majority of the students in the class were in favor of it.
校长说出自己的计划之后，班里大多数学生都支持这个计划。
3. complain  vi./vt. 抱怨；发牢骚
(1) 抱怨，投诉某事  complain to sb about sth
(2) We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service during our trip.
我们向旅行社投诉了我们旅行期间受到的糟糕的服务。
complaint  n. 抱怨，投诉
(1) He is always making a complaint to me about the stressful life.
他一直向我抱怨生活充满了压力。
(2) You have no cause for complaint.
你没有理由抱怨。
4. respond  v. 回答；回复，做出回应；回应，反应
对……做出回应  respond to
response  n. 回应，回复
(1) 对……没做出回应  make no response to
(2) 对……的回应  in response to
(3) These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
这些评论是为了回应本地新闻记者经常提问的一些问题。
(4) He made no response to my question and went on with his movie.
他没回答我的问题，继续说他的电影。
5. hire  vt. 聘任；雇用，租用 n. 租借；租用
(1) （短期）出租某物  hire sth out
(2) 雇用某人做某事  hire sb to do sth
(3) Running a company is not simply a matter of hiring people—they also need to be trained.
经营一家公司不只是雇佣一些员工就可以了，还需要对这些员工进行培训。
fire  vt. 开除，解雇
6. reject  v. 拒绝接受；不录用 n. 废品，次品
(1) 拒绝接受某人的想法/建议/计划  reject one’s idea/suggestion/plan
(2) 拒绝接受一个论点/一个决定/一项提议  reject an argument/a decision/an offer
(3) He was quite depressed to find his suggestion rejected at the meeting.
他的建议在会议上被否决了，他感到非常沮丧。
rejection  n. 拒绝接受；否决
7. appointed  adj. 指定的，约定的
He wasn’t there at the appointed time.
在指定的时间，他没出现。
appoint  vt. 任命；委派
(1) 派某人任某职  appoint sb to sth
(2) 任命某人（担任）……  appoint sb as
(3) 派某人做某事  appoint sb to do sth
(4) 约定时间、地点做某事  appoint a time/place for sth/to do sth
appointment  约定，约会；任命，委任
(1) 和某人约会  have an appointment with sb
(2) 预约   make an appointment
(3) 按照约定  by appointment
8. retire  vi./vt. 退休；退职；退出
(1) 从……退休  retire from...
(2) 从……职位退休  retire as...
(3) 退休教师  a retired teacher
retirement  n. 退休，退休生活
退休年龄  retirement age
9. scary  adj. 恐怖的，吓人的
(1) 恐怖一刻  a scary moment
(2) 恐怖片  a scary movie
scare  vt. 惊吓；使害怕 vi. 受惊吓
(1) 恐吓某人做某事  scare sb into doing sth
(2) 把……吓跑  scare...off/away
scared  adj. 害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
害怕做某事  be scared of sth/be scared to do sth
10. sharp  adj. 急剧的；锋利的；明显的
(1) 锋利的刀  a sharp knife
(2) 锋利的牙齿  sharp teeth
(3) 价格急剧上涨/下跌  a sharp increase/fall in prices
(4) 头脑敏锐的新闻记者  a journalist with a sharp mind
sharply  adv. 锋利地；敏锐地；急剧地
The price of petrol was increased sharply since last month.
上个月，汽油价格急剧增长。
sharpen  vt. 使变锋利；使提高
Ann sharpened her pencil and wrote down the instructions in her notebook.
安削了削铅笔，将用法说明写在了笔记本上。
11. energy  n. 精力，能源
(1) 充满活力  be full of energy
(2) 把精力投入到某事中  apply/devote/put one’s energy to sth
energetic  adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的
(1) 保持活力  keep energetic
(2) 热情支持者  an energetic supporter
(3) The teenagers in our town are enthusiastic and energetic.
我们镇上的年轻人热情洋溢、充满活力。
energetically  adv. 积极地；精力充沛地
12. replace  v. 接替；取代；更换，取代，代替
(1) 用B取代A  replace A with B
(2) 被……取代  be replaced by...
(3) 取代某人当  replace sb as...
(4) The house I grew up in has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
我长大的那所房子被拆掉了，盖上了一座办公楼。
(5) 老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。
It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
13. operator  n. 操作者，经营者
I am a computer operator.
我是一名计算机操作人员。
operate  vi. 动手术；操作；经营
(1) The doctor began to operate on the boy.
医生开始给那个男孩动手术。
(2) The lift doesn’t operate properly.
这台电梯运转不正常。
operation  n. 手术；企业；经营
(1) 在运行  in operation
(2) 使……运转/启动  put sth into operation
(3) 投入运营  come into operation
(4) 给某人做手术  have an operation on sb
(5) Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
鉴于他的健康状况，从手术中恢复可能需要一段时间。
14. whisper  vi. 悄声说；耳语；低语 n. 耳语声；低语声；传言；谣传
(1) 密谈某事  whisper about sth
(2) 对某人窃窃私语  whisper to sb
(3) 有人私下说  It is whispered that
(4) 低声地  in a whisper
(5) Mum whispered to us, “Be quiet! Your little sister’s sleeping.”
妈妈悄声对我们说：“安静点！你们妹妹睡觉呢。”
15. assist  vt. 帮助；援助
(1) 协助某人做某事  assist sb with/in sth
(2) 如果你能协助我们做这项工作，它很快就能完成。
Provided that you assist us with/in the job, it can be done quickly.
assistant  n. 助手；助理
店员  a shop assistant
assistance  n. 援助，帮助；辅助设备
(1) 在某人的帮助下  with the assistance of sb
(2) 给某人以援助  give/offer assistance to sb
16. spill  vt./vi. (spilt/spilled, spilt/spilled) 使洒出；使溢出
(1) 喷涌出来  spill out
(2) 倾诉  spill sth out
(3) 溢出  spill over
(4) 涌向街头  spill into streets
17. harm  n./vt. 伤害；损害
(1) 对……有害的  do/cause harm to
(2) 无恶意，无意伤害  mean no harm/not mean any harm
(3) 没有受到伤害/损害  come to no harm
(4) 对……无害/有很大害处  do no/great/ much/a lot of harm to
(5) 做某事无妨/无害  There is no harm in ding sth/ It does no harm to do sth
(6) 不要吃太多药，吃多了弊大于利。
Don’t take too much of the medicine; it does more harm than good if you do.
harmful  adj. 有害的
harmless  adj. 无害的
重点短语
1. carry sb through sth  帮助某人渡过难关；完成
(1) 实行；履行  carry out
(2) 继续……  carry on with sth/on doing sth
(3) 运走；使失去自制力  carry away
(4) 使某人回忆起（某事）  carry sb back to sth
(5) The support of her mother carried Jane Goodall through and she devoted herself to the study of chimps.
妈妈的支持帮助简·古道尔渡过了难关，然后她全身心地投入到了黑猩猩的研究中。
(6) 医生的指示必须严格遵守。
The doctor’s instructions must be carried put strictly.
2. tend to do sth  易于做某事；往往会发生某事
(1) 照顾，照料  tend to sb/sth
(2) 有……的趋势，倾向于……  tend towards
(3) He tends to get disappointed when failing the exam.
考试失利时，他容易感到失望。
(4) Mum was always tending to my younger sister during the night and she tended to have less sleep.
妈妈晚上总是要照顾我的妹妹，所以她容易睡不够。
3. first aid
(1)（对某人）实施急救  do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid to sb
(2) 帮某人的忙  come to one’s aid=come to the aid of sb
(3) 为了帮助  in aid of
(4) 在……的帮助下  with the aid of
(5) 帮助某人做某事  aid sb in doing sth
(6) 在某方面帮助某人  aid sb with sth
4. pass away  去世（委婉说法）
(1) 经过  pass by
(2) 转交；转给  pass...on
(3) 把……传给后人  pass down
(4) 刚才你看到有个穿黑衣服的人经过吗？
Did you see a man in black pass by just now?
5. in memory of  作为对……的纪念
(1) in+名词+of类短语
庆祝  in celebration of
赞美，歌颂  in praise of
寻找  in search of
负责；掌管  in charge of
支持  in support of…
支持；赞同  in favour of
拥有  in possession of
需要  in need of
代替  in place of
就……而言  in terms of
纪念  in honor of
(2) The library was built in memory of the scientist who had made significant contributions to society.
这座图书馆是为了纪念为社会做出重大贡献的那位科学家建立的。
6. in tears  留着泪
(1) 突然大哭起来  burst into tears=burst out crying
(2) 眼里充满泪水  be filled with tears
(3) 使某人流泪/沉默  reduced sb to tears/silence
(4) 把某人感动得流泪  move sb to tears
(5) 几乎落泪  be close to tears
(6) 忍住泪水  hold back one’s tears
7. a great deal of  大量
(1) 学习了很多  learn a great of...
(2) 对某人了解很多  know a great deal about sb
(3) 感觉好多了  feel a great deal better
(4) 意义重大  mean a great deal
(5) A great deal of work has been done to improve our living environment so far.
到目前为止，为改善生活环境，我们已经做了大量工作。
重点句式
1. Not only…but also…
教材原句
When you listen you should pay attention not only to the words but also to how the speaker is talking.
当你听的时候，你不仅要注意语句，而且要注意说话人是怎么说话的。
(1) Not only I but also he attaches the importance of recycling garbage.
不仅我而且他也认为循环利用垃圾很重要。
(2) Not only had she provided the old man with accommodations, but also she had bought a single for him.
她不仅为老人提供了食宿，而且为他买了单程票。
2. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
(1) Think about what you would do if you were ever faced with the same situation as the girl.
想想如果你遇到和那个女孩同样的情况，你会怎么做？
(2) If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what has been discovered in science and technology.
如果牛顿还在世，他会吃惊于科技领域的发现。
3. 否定词+比较级+than...  没有……比……更加……
(1) 对一个人来说，没有什么比生命更珍贵。
To a person nothing is more precious than their life.
(2) 我认为没什么比读书更令人愉快的。
I think nothing is more pleasant than reading.
4. 独立结构
教材原句
(1) 过了一会，一群女人走了过来，每个人头顶上顶着一罐水。
After a while, a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head.
句式仿写
(2) 一天，我和我的两个兄弟从岛上归来，船上载满了鱼。
One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands with our boat full of fish.
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