XB 3 Unit 5 英汉对译

A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
英文诗歌的几种简单形式
There are various reasons why people compose poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader’s mind. Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
人们作诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗是为了叙事，或是描述读者脑海中的某个形象，有些诗歌试图传达某些诸如喜悦、悲伤之类的情感。诗歌的显著特点通常包括：用词简洁；语言描述生动、形象；具备整合的意象；使用明喻和暗喻等文学手法；词、行、押韵、节奏等的编排。诗人用许多不同形式的诗歌来表达他们自己。现在我们来看一些比较简单的（诗歌）形式。
Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
幼儿最早学习的一些英文诗歌是童谣，它们通常是传统的诗歌或民歌。这些童谣的语言简单明了，像诗歌A，但带有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为他们押韵，节奏感强，并且经常重复相同的词汇。童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至（有的）看起来自相矛盾，但是他们容易学，也容易背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。
A
Hush, little baby, don’t say a word,
Papa’s gonna buy you a mockingbird.
If that mockingbird won’t sing,
Papa's gonna buy you a diamond ring.
If that diamond ring turns to brass,
Papa’s gonna buy you a looking glass.
If that looking-glass gets broke,
Papa’s gonna buy you a billy goat.
If that billy goat won’t pull,
Papa’s gonna buy you a cart and bull.
小宝宝，别说话，
爸爸给你买嘲鸫。
小嘲鸫，不会唱，
爸爸给你买钻戒。
钻石戒，变成铜，
爸爸给你买镜子。
小镜子，打破了，
爸爸给你买只公山羊。
公山羊，拽不动，
爸爸买辆牛车把它拉。
One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme (like B and C), while others do not.
最简单的一种诗歌就是“清单诗”，它包含了一系列事物、人物、思想或描写，这些都形成一个特定的主题。清单诗可长可短，可以重复一些短语，较为灵活，这就形成了这种诗的模式和节奏。有些清单诗有韵脚（如B和C），但有一些没有。
B
Mother
Hundreds of stars in the deep blue sky,
Hundreds of shells on the shore together,
Hundreds of birds that go singing by,
Hundreds of bees in the sunny weather,
Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn,
Hundreds of bees in the purple clover,
Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn,
But only one mother the world over.
George Cooper
B
母亲
数百颗星星挂在深蓝的天空，
数百颗贝壳遍布悠长的海岸，
数百只鸟儿鸣唱飞过，
数百只蜜蜂在阳光下往返，
数百滴露珠迎接黎明，
数百只蜜蜂飞舞在紫色的草原，
数百只蝴蝶在原野飞舞，
可只有一个母亲，在这茫茫的世间。
乔治·库珀
C
LIFE
Life can be good,
Life can be bad,
Life is mostly cheerful,
but sometimes sad
Life can be dreams,
Life can be great thoughts
Life can mean a person,
Sitting in court.
C
生活
生活可能美满，
生活可能悲伤，
生活时常充满欢乐，
但有时令人沮丧。
生活可能是梦想，
生活可能是伟大的思想，
生活也可能意味着一个人
坐在被告席上。
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. Look at the example (D).
另外一种（诗歌）业余爱好者容易写的形式简单的诗叫五行诗，是由五行组成的。用五行诗，你可以用少量的词语描绘一幅动人的画面或一种特定的心情。看例子（D）。
D
Brother
Beautiful, athletic
Teasing, shouting, laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
D
兄弟
爱美，又爱运动
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables. It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku poem (E) on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
俳句诗是一种日本诗歌类型，它由17个音节组成。它的格式是三行，分别包含5、7和5个音节。它不是英文诗歌的传统形式，但是在用英语写作的人们中间，这种诗很流行。它容易写，而且像五行诗一样，可以用很少的词语呈现出清晰的画面，表达出特殊的情感。右边的俳句诗（E）是从日文翻译过来的，他展现了一只优美的蝴蝶生命中的一瞬间。
E
A fallen blossom
Is coming back to the branch.
Look,a butterfly!
E
落下的花朵
回到了树枝上。
瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！
English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one (F).
说英语的人也喜欢中国的诗歌，尤其是唐朝的诗歌。许多唐诗已经被翻译成英文了，比如这一首诗（F）。
F
Where she awaits her husband
On and on the river flows.
Never looking back,
Transformed into stone.
Day by day upon the mountain top,
wind and rain revolve.
Should the traveller return,
this stone would utter speech.
Wang Jian
F
望夫处，
江悠悠。
化为石，
不回头。
山头日日，
风复雨。
行人归来，
石应语。
王建
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. Give it a try!
有了这么多不同的诗歌类型可供选择，你最终也许想自己作诗了。试一试吧！
WIND ON THE HILL
No one can tell me,
Nobody knows,
Where the wind comes from,
Where the wind goes.
It’s flying from somewhere
As fast as it can,
I couldn’t keep up with it,
Not if I ran.
But if I stopped holding
The string of my kite,
It would blow with the wind
For a day and a night.
And then when I found it,
Wherever it blew,
I should know that the wind
Had been going there too.
So then I could tell them
Where the wind goes...
But where the wind comes from
Nobody knows.
A.A.Milne
山上的风
没有人能够告诉我，
也没有人会知道，
风来自哪里，
又将去往何处。
它从一个地方吹来
尽他所能，飞快地吹来，
我不能赶上它，
即使我奔跑。
但如果我不再紧握
我手中的风筝线，
它将被风吹跑，
一天一夜。
后来当我发现它，
无论它吹到任何地方，
我会知道风
也曾经去过那里。
所以那时我能告诉他们
风去了哪里……
但是风从哪里来
没有人知道。
艾伦·亚历山大·米尔恩
DREAM
Hold fast to dreams,
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
Hold fast to dreams,
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
Langston Hughes
梦想
紧紧抓住梦想，
因为一旦梦想消亡
生活就像折断翅膀的小鸟
无法自由翱翔。
紧紧抓住梦想，
因为一旦梦想离开
生活就会变成贫瘠荒芜的土地
只有冰雪覆盖。
兰斯顿·休斯
A MATCH
If love were what the rose is,
And I were the leaf,
Our lives would grow together
In sad or singing weather,
Brown fields or flowerful closes,
Green pleasure or grey grief;
If love were what the rose is,
And I were like the leaf.
A. C. Swinburne
配偶
如果爱情好似香艳的玫瑰，
而我好似它的叶片青翠，
我们的生命将在一起生长
无论天气阴暗，或者晴朗，
处在开花的原野，或者花径，
感受绿色的欢乐，或者灰色的苦闷；
如果爱情好似香艳的玫瑰，
而我好似它的叶片青翠。
阿尔加侬·查尔斯·斯温伯恩