Book 1 Unit 5 语法

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Book 1 Unit 5 语法



Unit 5:限制性定语从句(关系副词及“介词+关系代词”)
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的指代及功能
关系副词    先行词    功能
when    表示时间的名词    时间状语
where    表示地点的名词    地点状语
why    reason    原因状语
1. 关系副词when引导定语从句时,先行词应是表示时间的名词,关系词在从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.
我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
2. 关系副词where引导定语从句时,先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词,关系词在从句中作地点状语。
I’d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.
我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
3. 关系副词why引导定语从句时,先行词常常为reason,关系词在从句中作原因状语。
Can you explain the reason (=for which) why you don’t help him?
你能解释一下不帮助他的理由吗?
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用which/that,不用why)
二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”,用“介词+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介词+which”;关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。
选用介词的依据:
1. 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
昨天我们参观了西湖,杭州因其而出名。(be famous for)
2. 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with the camera)
The boss in whose company Mr. King worked heard about the accident.
金先生所工作的公司的老板听到了这起事故。(in the boss’ company)
3. 根据句子的意思来选择。
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。
4. 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词of。
I have about 10 books, half of which were written by Mo Yan.
我有大约10本书,其中一半是莫言写的。
三、判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一:用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须用关系代词;而不及物动词则要用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
这是我去年待过的山村。
I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断对错:
(1) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (×)
This is the mountain village which I visited last year. (√)
(2) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (×)
I will never forget the days which I spent in the countryside. (√)
方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
(1) Is this museum the one _____ you visited a few days ago?
A. where    B. that
C. on which    D. which
(2) Is this the museum _____ the exhibition was held?
A. where    B. that
C. on which    D. the one
答案:(1) B;(2) A
(1)变为肯定句:This museum is the one _____ you visited a few days ago.
(2)变为肯定句:This is the museum _____ the exhibition was held.
在句(1)中,先行词为the one,定语从句缺宾语,应用that引导,that也可以省略。所以选B。
在句(2)中,定语从句缺地点状语,应用关系副词where引导,又因in the museum词组,也可用“in+which”引导地点状语。所以选A。
关系词的选择依据其在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose);先行词在从句中作状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。



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