XB 2 Unit 5 英汉对译

FIRST AID FOR BURNS
烫伤急救
The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun’s rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
皮肤是人体至关重要的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
CAUSES OF BURNS
烧伤的原因
You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals.
很多东西都会造成烧伤：灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。
TYPES OF BURNS
烧伤的种类
Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.
根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。
First-degree burns These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.
一度烧伤：仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。
Second-degree burns These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.
二度烧伤：伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤。
Third-degree burns These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.
三度烧伤：伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。
CHARACTERISTICS OFBURNS
烧伤的特点
First-degree burns
dry, red, and mildly swollen
mildly painful
turn white when pressed
Second-degree burns
red and swollen; blisters; watery surface
extremely painful
Third-degree burns
black and white
swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen
little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burn
一度烧伤
干燥、发红、微肿
微痛
受压时变白
二度烧伤
发红、肿胀；起水疱；表层渗液
极度疼痛
三度烧伤
皮肤发黑或变白
肿胀；通常可见皮下组织
如神经受损，则微痛或无痛感；创面边缘或有痛感
FIRST-AID TREATMENT
急救处理
1. Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.
1. 将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀
2. Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
2. 用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。
3. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
3. 如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
4. Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
4. 用宽松干净的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。
5. If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
5. 如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。
6. If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
6. 如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
Read the article and then put A-E in the correct places in the test.
Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. A fellow diner at the restaurant, Zhang Tao, was choking on some steak. He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.
北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来尖叫声。原来餐馆里一个叫张涛的人被牛排噎住了。只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。
Chen wasted no time. He got up and ran to Zhang’s table at once. With the help of Zhang’s friends, he was able to help Zhang to his feet. Then, standing behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre. The food was instantly forced out, and Zhang began to breathe again. Ten minutes later, an ambulance arrived. The doctors checked Zhang and made sure that he was fine. They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left.
陈伟毫不迟疑。他立刻起身，跑到张涛桌前。在张涛朋友们的帮助下，陈伟扶着他站了起来。接着，陈伟站在张涛的背后，实施海姆立克急救法。食物瞬间被排出，张涛又能开始呼吸了。十分钟后，救护车赶到。医生们为张涛做了检査，确保他没有大碍。离开前，医生建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。
Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world. Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick, practical, and easy. It is so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how.
噎食者通常大约四分钟后就会瘫倒在地，有时甚至死亡，没有时间等救护车来。为解决这一问题，1974年美国医生亨利·海姆立克发明了海姆立克急救法，挽救了全世界成千上万人的生命。海姆立克急救法简便、实用、见效快。事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎所有人都能学会。
If you see someone choking, first call the emergency services. Then, make sure that the victim is really choking: A choking person cannot speak. Slapping the victim’s back will often force out the obstruction. If this does not work, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist. Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach. Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out.
如果你发现有人被噎住，首先拨打急救电适。然后，确定此人确实是被噎住了：人被噎时是无法说话的。拍打噎食者的背部通常可以将异物排出。如果不奏效，那么你可以实施海姆立克急救法。具体做法是：站在此人身后，用双臂环抱其腰部。只手握拳，置于其上腹部，另一只手紧紧握住拳头，快速用力向上在里挤压。重复上述动作，直至异物排出。
Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended, as you may hurt him. Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again.
不建议对小孩实施海姆立克急救法，因为你可能会伤到他/她。相反，应将孩子脸朝下放在大腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部，直至他/她恢复呼吸。
With choking victims, every minute counts. You cannot just stand by and do nothing. Luckily, Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school. Seeing Zhang choking, he remained calm and reacted immediately. Chen later said about the incident, “How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing? We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another’s welfare.”
救助噎食者，分秒必争。不要袖手旁观。幸运的是，陈伟在学校学过急救方法。看到张涛噎住，他保持冷静，且反应迅速。后来，陈伟谈起此事时说道：“我有什么理由坐在那儿袖手旁观呢？大家都是人，我们都有责任关心彼此的幸福。”